= +

Tc = Ideal cycle time

Tsi = Processing time at station
Tr = Repositioning or Transfer time
= +
Tp = Actual average production time
F = Downtime frequency
Td = Average down time per line per stop

=1

Pi = Probability or frequency of failure at station i

n = number of work stations on production line
F = Expected frequency of line stops per cycle
1

Production rate

Ideal production rate

pc/min
pc/min

Line efficiency (E) =

=

Proportion of downtime on line

= + +
Cpc = Cost per piece
Cm = Cost of steering material
Co = Cost per minute to operate line
Tp = Average production time per piece
Ct = Cost of tooling per piece