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CHNG II
T HP XC SUT

A. T HP
I. Qui tc m
1. Qui tc cng:
Mt cng vic no c th c thc hin theo mt trong hai phng n A hoc B. Nu
phng n A c m cch thc hin, phng n B c n cch thc hin v khng trng vi bt
k cch no trong phng n A th cng vic c m + n cch thc hin.
2. Qui tc nhn:
Mt cng vic no c th bao gm hai cng on A v B. Nu cng on A c m cch
thc hin v ng vi mi cch c n cch thc hin cng on B th cng vic c m.n
cch thc hin.

Bai 1: T thnh ph A n thnh ph B c 3 con ng, t thnh ph A n thnh ph C c 2

con ng, t thnh ph B n thnh ph D c 2 con ng, t thnh ph C n thnh ph
D c 3 con ng. Khng c con ng no ni thnh ph B vi thnh ph C. Hi c tt c
bao nhiu ng i t thnh ph A n thnh ph D?
S:
c 12 ng.
Bai 2: C 25 i bng tham gia tranh cp. C 2 i phi u vi nhau 2 trn (i v v). Hi
c bao nhiu trn u?
S:
c 25.24 = 600 trn
Bai 3: a) Mt b hoa gm c: 5 bng hng trng, 6 bng hng v 7 bng hng vng. Hi c
my cch chn ly 1 bng hoa?
b) T cc ch s 1, 2, 3 c th lp c bao nhiu s khc nhau c nhng ch s khc nhau?
S: a) 18.
b) 15.
Bai 4: Mt i vn ngh chun b c 2 v kch, 3 iu ma v 6 bi ht. Ti hi din, mi i
ch c trnh din 1 v kch, 1 iu ma v 1 bi ht. Hi i vn ngh trn c bao nhiu
cch chn chng trnh biu din, bit rng cht lng cc v kch, iu ma, cc bi ht l
nh nhau?
S: 36.
Bai 5: Mt ngi c 7 ci o trong c 3 o trng v 5 ci c vt trong c hai c vt mu
vng. Hi ngi c bao nhiu cch chn o c vt nu:
a) Chn o no cng c v c vt no cng c?
b) chn o trng th khng chn c vt mu vng?
S: a) 35.
b) 29.
Bai 6: Mt trng ph thng c 12 hc sinh chuyn tin v 18 hc sinh chuyn ton. Thnh lp
mt on gm hai ngi sao cho c mt hc sinh chuyn ton v mt hc sinh chuyn tin.
Hi c bao nhiu cch lp mt on nh trn?
Bai 7: C bao nhiu cch sp xp 3 ngi n ng v 2 ngi n b ngi trn mt chic gh
di sao cho 2 ngi cng phi phi ngi gn nhau.
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Bai 8: C bao nhiu cch sp xp 8 vin bi v 8 vin bi en xp thnh mt dy sao cho hai
vin bi cng mu khng c gn nhau.
Bai 9: Hi ng qun tr ca mt x nghip gm 11 ngi, trong c 7 nam v 4 n. T h
ng qun tr , ngi ta mun lp ra mt ban thng trc gm 3 ngi. Hi c bao nhiu
cch chn ban thng trc sao cho trong phi c t nht mt ngi nam.
S: 161.
Bai 10: Cho tp hp A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. C bao nhiu cp sp th t (x; y) bit rng:
a) x A, y A b) {x , y} A
c) x A, y A va x + y = 6 .
S:
a) 25.
b) 20.
c) 5 cp.
Bai 11: Cho tp hp A = {1, 2, 3, , n} trong n l s nguyn dng ln hn 1. C bao
nhiu cp sp th t (x; y), bit rng: x A, y A, x > y .
n(n - 1)
.
2
Bai 12: C bao nhiu s palindrom gm 5 ch s (s palindrom l s m nu ta vit cc ch s
theo th t ngc li th gi tr ca n khng thay i).
S: S cn tm c dng: abcba c 9.10.10 = 900 (s)
Bai 13: Vi cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin tho:
a) gm 6 ch s.
b) gm 6 ch s khc nhau.
c) gm 6 ch s khc nhau v chia ht cho 2.
S:
a) 66
b) 6!
c) 3.5! = 360
Bai 14: a) T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin c 5 ch s?
b) T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin chn c 3 ch s?
c) C bao nhiu s t nhin c hai ch s m c hai ch s u l s chn?
d) C bao nhiu s t nhin c 5 ch s, trong cc ch s cch u ch s ng gia th
ging nhau?
e) C bao nhiu s t nhin c 6 ch s v chia ht cho 5?
S: a) 3125.
b) 168.
c) 20
d) 900.
e) 180000.
Bai 15: Vi 5 ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s:
a) Gm 2 ch s?
b) Gm 2 ch s khc nhau?
c) S l gm 2 ch s?
d) S chn gm 2 ch s khc nhau?
e) Gm 5 ch s vit khng lp li?
f) Gm 5 ch s vit khng lp li chia ht cho 5?
S: a) 25.
b) 20. c) 15
d) 8.
e) 120.
f) 24.
Bai 16: T 6 s: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s c 3 ch s:
a) Khc nhau?
b) Khc nhau, trong c bao nhiu s ln hn 300?
c) Khc nhau, trong c bao nhiu s chia ht cho 5?
d) Khc nhau, trong c bao nhiu s chn?
e) Khc nhau, trong c bao nhiu s l?
S: a) 100. b) 60.
c) 36
d) 52.
e) 48.
Bai 17: a) T cc s: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s l c 3 ch s khc nhau
nh hn 400?
b) T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s c 3 ch s khc nhau nm trong
khong (300 , 500).
S: a) 35.
b) 24.
S:

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II. Hon v
1. Giai tha:
n! = 1.2.3n
Qui c: 0! = 1
n! = (n1)!n
n!
= (p+1).(p+2)n (vi n>p)
p!
n!
= (np+1).(np+2)n
(vi n>p)
(n - p)!
2. Hon v (khng lp):
Mt tp hp gm n phn t (n 1). Mi cch sp xp n phn t ny theo mt th t no
c gi l mt hon v ca n phn t.
S cc hon v ca n phn t l: Pn = n!
3. Hon v lp:
Cho k phn t khc nhau: a1, a2, , ak. Mt cch sp xp n phn t trong gm n1 phn t
a1, n2 phn t a2, , nk phn t ak (n1+n2+ + nk = n) theo mt th t no c gi l
mt hon v lp cp n v kiu (n1, n2, , nk) ca k phn t.
S cc hon v lp cp n, kiu (n1, n2, , nk) ca k phn t l:
n!
Pn(n1, n2, , nk) =
n1 ! n2 !...nk !
4. Hon v vng quanh:
Cho tp A gm n phn t. Mt cch sp xp n phn t ca tp A thnh mt dy kn c gi
l mt hon v vng quanh ca n phn t.
S cc hon v vng quanh ca n phn t l: Qn = (n 1)!

Bai 1: Rt gn cc biu thc sau:

7!4! 8!
9!
A=

10! 3!5! 2!7!

B=

2011!
2009
.
2010!- 2009! 2011

C=

n
(m + 2)!
E = k .k !
F=
(m 2 + m) 4!(m - 1)!
k =1

6!
1
(m + 1)!
m.(m - 1)!
A=
.
.
(m - 2)(m - 3) (m + 1)(m - 4) (m - 5)!5! 12.(m - 4)!3!

D=

7!

Bai 2: Chng minh rng:

a) Pn Pn 1 = (n 1)Pn 1
c)

n2
1
1
=
+
n! (n - 1)! (n - 2)!

S:

n!
10
(n - 2)!
(n - 1)n
a)
5
6

k -1
k =2 k !

(vi m 5)

b) Pn = (n - 1)Pn -1 + (n - 2)Pn-2 + ... + 2 P2 + P1 + 1

d) 1 +

1 1 1
1
+ + + ... + < 3
1! 2! 3!
n!

e) n! 2 n-1
Bai 3: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1 5
(n + 1)!
n.(n - 1)!
a)
.

5
n - 2 n + 1 (n - 3)!4! 12(n - 3).(n - 4)!2!
c) n3 +

5!
(m + 1)!
.
m(m + 1) (m - 1)!3!

n = 4, n = 5, n = 6
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b) 4 n!+ (n + 1)! < 50

b) n = 2, n = 3

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Bai 4: Gii cc phng trnh sau:

a) P2 .x 2 P3 . x = 8

b)

Px - Px -1 1
=
Px +1
6

c)

(n + 1)!
= 72
(n - 1)!

n!
n!
n!
n!
=3
e)
= (n - 3)!
f) n3 +
= 10
(n - 2)! (n - 1)!
20n
(n - 2)!
S:
a) x = 1; x = 4
b) x = 2; x = 3
c) n = 8
d) n = 3
e) n = 6
f) n = 2
Bai 5: Xt cc s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau lp t cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Hi trong cc
s c bao nhiu s:
a) Bt u bng ch s 5?
b) Khng bt u bng ch s 1?
c) Bt u bng 23?
d) Khng bt u bng 345?
S:
a) 4!
b) 5! 4!
c) 3!
d) 5! 2!
Bai 6: Xt cc s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau c lp t cc s 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. Hi trong cc
s c bao nhiu s:
a) Bt u bi ch s 9?
b) Khng bt u bi ch s 1?
c) Bt u bi 19?
d) Khng bt u bi 135?
S:
a) 24.
b) 96.
c) 6
d) 118.
Bai 7: Vi mi hon v ca cc s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ta c mt s t nhin. Tm tng tt c cc
s t nhin c c t cc hon v ca 7 phn t trn?
S: Vi mi i, j {1,2,3, 4,5,6,7} , s cc s m ch s j hng th i l 6!.
Tng tt c cc s l: (6!1++6!7) + (6!1++6!7).10 ++ (6!1++6!7).106
= 6! (1+2++7).(1+10++106)
Bai 8: Tm tng S ca tt c cc s t nhin, mi s c to thnh bi hon v ca 6 ch s 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
S: 279999720.
Bai 9: Trn mt k sch c 5 quyn sch Ton, 4 quyn sch L, 3 quyn sch Vn. Cc quyn
sch u khc nhau. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp cc quyn sch trn:
a) Mt cch tu ?
b) Theo tng mn?
c) Theo tng mn v sch Ton nm gia?
S:
a) P12
b) 3!(5!4!3!)
c) 2!(5!4!3!)
Bai 10: C 5 hc sinh nam l A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 v 3 hc sinh n B1, B2, B3 c xp ngi
xung quanh mt bn trn. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp nu:
a) Mt cch tu ?
b) A1 khng ngi cnh B1?
c) Cc hc sinh n khng ngi cnh nhau?
S:
a) Q8 = 7!
b) Q7 = 6!
c) C 4!5.4.3 cch sp xp
Bai 11: Vi cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 8 ch s, trong ch
s 1 c mt 3 ln, mi ch s khc c mt ng mt ln?
8! 7
S:
3! 3!
Bai 12: C bao nhiu s t nhin c 3 ch s khc nhau v khc 0 bit rng tng ca 3 ch s
ny bng 9.
S: 18.
Bai 13: T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 thit lp tt c cc s c 6 ch s khc nhau. Hi trong cc
s thit lp c, c bao nhiu s m hai ch s 1 v 6 khng ng cnh nhau?
S: 480.
Bai 14: C bao nhiu cch sp xp 5 bn hc sinh A, B, C, D, E ngi vo mt chic gh di sao
cho:
a) Bn C ngi chnh gia?
b) Hai bn A v E ngi hai u gh?
d)

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S: a) 24.
b) 12.
Bai 15: Mt hi ngh bn trn c phi on ca cc nc: M 5 ngi, Nga 5 ngi, Anh 4
ngi, Php 6 ngi, c 4 ngi. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp cho mi thnh vin sao
cho ngi cng quc tch ngi gn nhau?
S: 143327232000.
Bai 16: Sp xp 10 ngi vo mt dy gh. C bao nhiu cch sp xp ch ngi nu:
a) C 5 ngi trong nhm mun ngi k nhau?
b) C 2 ngi trong nhm khng mun ngi k nhau?
S: a) 86400.
b) 2903040.
Bai 17: Sp xp 6 nam sinh v 4 n sinh vo mt dy gh. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp ch
ngi nu:
a) Nam sinh ngi k nhau, n sinh ngi k nhau?
b) Ch c n ngi k nhau?
S: a) 34560.
b) 120960.
Bai 18: C bao nhiu cch sp xp 12 hc sinh ng thnh 1 hng chp nh lu nim, bit
rng trong phi c 5 em nh trc ng k nhau?
S: 4838400.
Bai 19: C 2 kim tra ton chn i hc sinh gii c pht cho 10 hc sinh khi 11 v
10 hc sinh khi 12. C bao nhiu cch sp xp 20 hc sinh trn vo 1 phng thi c 5 dy
gh sao cho hai em ngi cnh nhau c khc nhau, cn cc em ngi ni ui nhau c cng
mt ?
S: 26336378880000.
Bai 20: C 3 vin bi en (khc nhau), 4 vin bi (khc nhau), 5 vin bi vng (khc nhau), 6
vin bi xanh (khc nhau). Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp cc vin bi trn thnh mt dy sao
cho cc vin bi cng mu cnh nhau?
S: 298598400.
Bai 21: Trn gi sch c 30 tp sch. C th sp xp theo bao nhiu cch khc nhau c:
a) Tp 1 v tp 2 ng cnh nhau?
b) Tp 5 v tp 6 khng ng cnh nhau?
S: a) 2.29!.
b) 28.29!.
Bai 22: Vi 5 ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 8 ch s, trong ch s 1
c mt ng 3 ln, ch s 2 c mt ng 2 ln v mi ch s cn li c mt ng mt ln?
S: 3360.
Bai 23: Vi cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 8 ch s, trong ch
s 1 c mt 3 ln, mi ch s khc c mt ng 1 ln.
S: 5880.
Bai 24: Xt nhng s gm 9 ch s, trong c 5 ch s 1 v 4 ch s cn li l 2, 3, 4, 5. Hi
c bao nhiu s nh th nu:
a) 5 ch s 1 c xp k nhau?
b) Cc ch s c xp tu ?
S: a) 120.
b) 3024.

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III. Chnh hp
1. Chnh hp (khng lp):
Cho tp hp A gm n phn t. Mi cch sp xp k phn t ca A (1 k n) theo mt th t
no c gi l mt chnh hp chp k ca n phn t ca tp A.
S chnh hp chp k ca n phn t:
n!
Ank = n(n - 1)(n - 2)...(n - k + 1) =
(n - k )!
Cng thc trn cng ng cho trng hp k = 0 hoc k = n.

Khi k = n th Ann = Pn = n!
2. Chnh hp lp:
Cho tp A gm n phn t. Mt dy gm k phn t ca A, trong mi phn t c th c
lp li nhiu ln, c sp xp theo mt th t nht nh c gi l mt chnh hp lp
chp k ca n phn t ca tp A.
S chnh hp lp chp k ca n phn t: Ank = n k
Bai 1: Rt gn cc biu thc sau:
5
A52 A10
+
A=
P2 7 P5

B = P1 A21 + P2 A32 + P3 A43 + P4 A54 - P1P2 P3 P4

12
11
A49
+ A49

C=

10
A49

10
9
A17
+ A17

39A10
49

E=

11
38A10
49 + A49

P
P
P
P
D = 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 A52
A 4 A3 A2 A1
5
5
5
5

8
A17

12!(5!- 4!)
13!4!

F=

21(P3 - P2 )

P
P
P
P
20 5 + 4 + 3 + 2
A 4 A3 A2 A1
5
5
5
5
C = 1440;
D = 42

S: A = 46;
B = 2750;
Bai 2: Chng minh rng:
1
1
1
n -1
a)
+
+ ... +
=
, vi n N , n 2.
2
2
2
n
A
A
A
b)
c)

2
3
n
Ann++k2 + Ann++1k = k 2 . Ann+k
Ank = Ank-1 + k . Ank--11

vi n, k N, k 2

Bai 3: Gii cc phng trnh sau:

a) An3 = 20n
d)
g)
k)

Pn +2

= 210

Ann--14 .P3
9
A10
x + Ax =
Axy++11.Px - y

S:

Px -1

9 Ax8 .

= 72.

a) n = 6
e) n = 4
i) x = 5.

b) An3 + 5 An2 = 2(n + 15)

c) 3 An2 - A22n + 42 = 0.

e) 2( An3 + 3 An2 ) = Pn+1

f) 2 Pn + 6 An2 - Pn An2 = 12

h) Px . Ax2 + 72 = 6( Ax2 + 2 Px ) i) 2 Ax2 + 50 = A22x

l) Pn+3 = 720A 5n .Pn-5

m) An6 + An5 = An4

b) n = 3
c) n = 6
f) n = 2; 3
g) x = 11.
k) x = 8, y 7, y N .
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d) n = 5
h) x = 3; 4.

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Bai 4: Gii cc bt phng trnh:

An4+2 143
b)
<0
Pn+2 4 Pn-1

An4+ 4

15
<
a)
(n + 2)! (n - 1)!
d)

An3

S:

<

An2

c) An3 + 15 < 15n

An1+1 143
e)
<0
Pn+2 4 Pn-1

+ 12

b) 2 n 36

a) n = 3; 4; 5

Bai 5: Tm cc s m trong dy s x1 , x2 , x3 ,... , xn vi: xn =

An4+4 143
(n = 1, 2, 3, ...)
Pn+2 4.Pn

63
23
; n2 = 2, x2 = - .
4
8
Bai 6: Mt cuc khiu v c 10 nam v 6 n. Ngi ta chn c th t 3 nam v 3 n ghp
thnh 3 cp. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn?
S: n1 = 1, x1 = -

S:

3
.A63 cch
C A10

Bai 7: Trong khng gian cho 4 im A, B, C, D. T cc im trn ta lp cc vect khc vect

khng. Hi c th c c bao nhiu vect?
S: A42 = 12 vect
Bai 8: Mt lp hc ch c cc bn i (2 ch ngi). Hi lp ny c bao nhiu hc sinh, bit rng
ch c th sp xp ch ngi cho hc sinh ca lp ny theo 132 s khc nhau? (S ch
ngi va s hc sinh)
S:

An2 = 132 n = 12

Bai 9: T 20 hc sinh cn chn ra mt ban i din lp gm 1 lp trng, 1 lp ph v 1 th k.

Hi c my cch chn?
S: 6840.
Bai 10: Hun luyn vin mt i bng mun chn 5 cu th qu lun lu 11 mt. C bao
nhiu cch chn nu:
a) C 11 cu th c kh nng nh nhau? (k c th mn).
b) C 3 cu th b chn thng v nht thit phi b tr cu th A qu s 1 v cu th B
qu s 4.
S: a) 55440.
b) 120.
Bai 11: Mt ngi mun xp t mt s pho tng vo mt dy 6 ch trng trn mt k trang
tr. C bao nhiu cch sp xp nu:
a) Ngi c 6 pho tng khc nhau?
b) Ngi c 4 pho tng khc nhau?
c) Ngi c 8 pho tng khc nhau?
S: a) 6!.
b) 360.
c) 20160.
Bai 12: T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, , 9, c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s:
a) Cc ch s khc nhau?
b) Hai ch s k nhau phi khc nhau?
S:

a) 9.A94

b) C 95 s

Bai 13: T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu:

a) S gm 5 ch s khc nhau?
b) S chn gm 5 ch s khc nhau?
c) S gm 5 ch s khc nhau v phi c mt ch s 5?
S:

a) 6. A64

b) 6. A53 + 3.5 A53

c) S gm 5 ch s c dng: abcde
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Nu a = 5 th c A64 s
Nu a 5 th a c 5 cch chn. S 5 c th t vo 1 trong cc v tr b, c, d, e c 4
cch chn v tr cho s 5. 3 v tr cn li c th chn t 5 ch s cn li c A53 cch chn.

C A64 + 4.5. A53 = 1560 s

Bai 14: T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, , 9 c th lp bao nhiu bin s xe gm 3 ch s (tr s 000)?
S:

3
A10
- 1 = 999

Bai 15: C bao nhiu s t nhin c 6 ch s vi:

a) Ch s u v ch s cui ging nhau?
b) Ch s u v cui khc nhau?
c) Hai ch s u ging nhau v hai ch s cui ging nhau?
S:

4
a) 9. A10
= 9.104 s

6
5
- A10
= 9.105 s gm 6 ch s C 9.105 9.104 s
b) C tt c: A10
c) C 9.10.10.10 = 9000 s
Bai 16: C bao nhiu s in thoi c 6 ch s? Trong c bao nhiu s in thoi c 6 ch
s khc nhau?

S:

6
a) A10
= 106

6
b) A10
= 15120

Bai 17: Mt bin s xe gm 2 ch ci ng trc v 4 ch s ng sau. Cc ch ci c ly t

26 ch ci A, B, C, , Z. Cc ch s c ly t 10 ch s 0, 1, 2, , 9. Hi:
a) C bao nhiu bin s xe trong c t nht mt ch ci khc ch ci O v cc ch s i
mt khc nhau?
b) C bao nhiu bin s xe c hai ch ci khc nhau v c ng 2 ch s l ging nhau?
S:
a) S cch chn 2 ch ci: 26 26 1 = 675 cch
S cch chn 4 ch s:

4
A10
= 5040 cch

S bin s xe: 675 5040 = 3.402.000 s

b) Ch ci th nht: c 26 cch chn
Ch ci th hai: c 25 cch chn
Cc cp s l ging nhau c th l: (1;1), (3;3), (5;5), (7;7), (9;9)
C 5 cch chn 1 cp s l.
Xp mt cp s l vo 4 v tr c C42 cch

C 5. C42 cch sp xp cp s l.
Cn li 2 v tr l cc ch s chn:
Ch s chn th nht: c 5 cch chn
Ch s chn th hai: c 5 cch chn
C 26 25 5 C42 5 5 = 487500 cch
Bai 18: a) C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 6 ch s khc nhau m tng cc ch s bng 18?
b) Hi c bao nhiu s l tho mn iu kin ?
S:
Ch : 18 = 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 8
18 = 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 7
18 = 0 + 1 + 2 + 4 + 5 + 6
a) 3 5 5!
b) 192 + 384 + 192 = 768 s
Bai 19: Vi 6 ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s c 5 ch s khc nhau v tho:
a) S chn.
b) Bt u bng s 24.
c) Bt u bng s 345.
d) Bt u bng s 1? T suy ra cc s khng bt u bng s 1?
S: a) 312.
b) 24.
c) 6.
d) 120 ; 480.
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Trn S Tng

i s 11

Bai 20: Cho tp hp X = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. C th lp c bao nhiu s n gm 5 ch s

khc nhau i mt ly t X trong mi trng hp sau:
a) n l s chn?
b) Mt trong ba ch s u tin phi bng 1?
(HQG TP.HCM, 99, khi D, t 2)
S: a) 3000.
b) 2280.
Bai 21: a) T 5 ch s 0, 1, 3, 6, 9 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 4 ch s khc nhau v
chia ht cho 3.
b) T 10 ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 c th lp c bao nhiu s khc nhau sao cho
trong cc ch s c mt s 0 v s 1.
(HVCN Bu chnh Vin thng, 1999)
c) T 8 ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 6 ch s khc nhau
trong nht thit phi c mt ch s 4.
S: a) 18.
b) 42000.
c) 13320.
Bai 22: a) Tnh tng ca tt c cc s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau i mt c to thnh
t 6 ch s 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8.
b) C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 4 ch s khc nhau c to thnh t 5 ch s 0, 1, 2, 3,
4. Tnh tng ca cc s ny.
S: a) 37332960.
b) 96 ; 259980.
Bai 23: a) C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau v chia ht cho 10 (ch s hng
vn khc 0).
(H Nng, 2000, khi A, t 1)
b) Cho 10 ch s 0, 1, 2, ..., 9. C bao nhiu s l c 6 ch s khc nhau nh hn 600000
xy dng t 10 ch s cho.
(H Y khoa H Ni, 1997)
S: a) 3024.
b) 36960.

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IV. T hp
1. T hp (khng lp):
Cho tp A gm n phn t. Mi tp con gm k (1 k n) phn t ca A c gi l mt t
hp chp k ca n phn t.
Cnk

S cc t hp chp k ca n phn t:

Ank

k!

n!
k !(n - k )!

Qui c: Cn0 = 1
Tnh cht:
Cn0 = Cnn = 1;

Cnk = Cnk--11 + Cnk-1;

Cnk = Cnn-k ;

Cnk =

n - k + 1 k -1
Cn
k

2. T hp lp:
Cho tp A = {a1; a2 ;...; an } v s t nhin k bt k. Mt t hp lp chp k ca n phn t l
mt hp gm k phn t, trong mi phn t l mt trong n phn t ca A.
Cnk = Cnk+ k -1 = Cnm+-k1-1

S t hp lp chp k ca n phn t:
3. Phn bit chnh hp v t hp:

Chnh hp v t hp lin h nhau bi cng thc:

Ank = k !Cnk

Chnh hp: c th t.
T hp: khng c th t.
Nhng bi ton m kt qu ph thuc vo v tr cc phn t > chnh hp
Ngc li, l t hp.
Cch ly k phn t t tp n phn t (k n):
+ Khng th t, khng hon li:

Cnk

+ C th t, khng hon li:

Ank

+ C th t, c hon li:

Ank

Dng 1: Tnh gi tr biu thc t hp

Bai 1: Tnh gi tr cc biu thc sau:
A=
D=

23
C25

13
- C15

1 + C74 + C73 - C84

A32
B=
+
5
6
6
P2
1 + C10
+ C10
- C11

7
- 3C10

5
6
7
C15
+ 2C15
+ C15

7
C17
S:
A = 165
Bai 2: Rt gn cc biu thc sau:

A = Cnn .C2nn .C3nn ;

C=
S:

C=

C1n

+2

Cn2
C1n

A=

B=4
B=

+ ... + k
(3n)!
3

(n !)

Cnk

Cnk -1

+ ... + n

Pn+ 2

Ank .Pn -k

8
9
10
C15
+ 2C15
+ C15
10
C17

Cnn

Cnn-1

B = (n+1)(n+2) + 1
Trang 30

C=

n(n + 1)
2

8
9
10
C15
+ 2C15
+ C15
10
C17

Trn S Tng

i s 11
Dng 2: Chng minh ng thc t hp

Bai 1: Chng minh cc h thc sau:

a) Cnk .Cnp--kk = Cnp .C pk (k p n)

n
b) Cnk = Cnk--11 (1 k n)
k

c) Cnk +1 + 2Cnk + Cnk -1 = Cnk++21

d) Cnm .Cmk = Cnk .Cnm--kk (0 k m n)

e) 2Cnk + 5Cnk +1 + 4Cnk +2 + Cnk +3 = Cnk++22 + Cnk++33 f) k (k - 1)Cnk = n(n - 1)Cnk--22 ( 2 < k < n)
g) Cnk + 3Cnk -1 + 3Cnk -2 + Cnk -3 = Cnk+3 (3 k n)
h) Cnk + 4Cnk -1 + 6Cnk -2 + 4Cnk -3 + Cnk -4 = Cnk+ 4 (4 k n)
S: S dng tnh cht:

Cnk -1 + Cnk = Cnk+1

Bai 2: Chng minh cc h thc sau:

b) (Cn0 )2 + (C1n )2 + ... + (Cnn )2 = C2nn

a) Cr0 .Cqp + Cr1.Cqp-1 + ... + Crp .Cq0 = Crp+ q

c) C20p + C22 p + C24p + ... + C22 pp = C21 p + C23 p + ... + C22 pp -1 = c 2 p-1
d) 1 - C1n + Cn2 - Cn3 + ... + (-1) p Cnp = (-1) p Cnp-1
S: a) S dng khai trin: (1+x)r.(1+x)q = (1+x)r+q. So snh h s ca xp 2 v.
b) S dng cu a) vi p = q = r = n
c) S dng (x+y)2p v (xy)2p
d) S dng Cnr = Cnr --11 + Cnr -1 , vi r l th nhn 2 v vi 1.

Dng 3 : Chng minh bt ng thc t hp

Bai 1: Chng minh rng:
HD: Bin i v tri:

1
2n

.C2nn <

2n

.C2nn =

2
1
2

1
2n + 1
(2n)!
2n

( n N, n 1)
=

1.3.5...(2 n - 1)
2.4.6...(2 n)
1

2 .n! n !
1.3.5...(2n - 1)
Vy ta phi chng minh:
<
2.4.6...(2 n)
2n + 1

2k - 1 ( 2 k - 1)2 ( 2 k - 1)2
2k - 1
=
<
=
2k
2k + 1
4k 2
4k 2 - 1
Cho k ln lt t 1, 2, , n. Ri nhn cc BT v theo v, ta c pcm.
Ta c:

Bai 2: Chng minh rng: C2nn +k .C2nn-k (C2nn )2

(vi k, n N, 0 k n)

HD: t uk = C2nn+ k .C2nn -k (k = 0;1;;n)

Ta chng minh: uk > uk+1 (*)
Tht vy, (*) C2nn +k .C2nn-k > C2nn+ k +1.C2nn-k -1 n + 2nk > 0
iu ny lun lun ng pcm.
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Dng 4: Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca biu thc t hp

Bai 1: a) Chng minh:

Cnk -1 < Cnk

b) Chng minh: Cnk -1 < Cnk

vi n = 2m, k m. T suy ra Cnm l ln nht.

vi n = 2m + 1, k m.

T suy ra Cnm ; Cnm+1 l ln nht.

HD: a) Theo tnh cht:

Cnk =

Vi k m 2k n

Ck
n - k + 1 k -1
n +1
.Cn n =
-1
k
k
Cnk -1

n +1
- 1 > 1 Cnk > Cnk -1
k

V Cnk = Cnn-k nn Cnk ln nht.

b) Tng t
Bai 2: Cho n > 2, p [1; n]. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca Cnp .
HD: V Cnp = Cnn- p nn ta chi cn xt 1 p
Ta c: Cnp > Cnp-1
Vy

Cnp

Cnp -1

n
2

n +1
n - p +1
>1 p<
p
2

Cnp nh nht khi p = 1 hoc p = n 1, ng vi Cn1 = Cnn -1 = n

Cnp ln nht khi p =

n -1
n
(nu n l) hoc p = (nu n chn)
2
2

Bai 3: Vi gi tr no ca p th Cnp ln nht.

HD: Ta c:

Cmp

Cmp-1

m - p +1 m +1
=
- 1 . T s ny gim khi p tng.
p
p

m - p +1
m +1
1 , do :
p
p
2
1
Nu m chn: m = 2k p k +
2
1
Cmp > Cmp-1 ta phi c: p k + , v p, k N nn chn p = k
2
Nu m l: m = 2k + 1 p k + 1, ta s c:

Cmp > Cmp-1

Cmp

= 1 khi p = k + 1 Cmp = C2kk++11 =

(2k + 1)!
(k + 1)! k !

Cmp -1
* p dng bi ton ny ta c th gii nhiu bi ton khc. V d:
C 25 hc sinh. Mun lp thnh nhng nhm gm p hc sinh. Tm gi tr ca p c
s cch chia nhm l ln nht? Tm s cch chia nhm .
p
* V c 25 hc sinh, chn p em nn s nhm c th lp l C25
.
p
Theo trn, ta c m = 25 (l) vi k = 12 do C25
ln nht khi p = k + 1 = 13.
13
Vy p = 13, khi : s nhm ti a c th lp: C25
= 5200300.

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i s 11

Dng 5 : Gii phng trnh, bt phng trnh c cha biu thc t hp

Bai 1: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a)
d)

An4

24

An3+1 - Cnn -4 23
x+4
2 x -10
C10
+ x = C10+ x

g) C8x++x3 = 5 Ax3+6
k)

Ax5

C xx--25

= 336

b)

1
C4x
2

C5x C6x
e) x - C4x .x + C32 .C31 = 0
h) C xx+-12 + 2C x3-1 = 7( x - 1)
2x
C28
225
l)
=
2 x -4
52
C24

n) C xx -1 + C xx -2 + C xx -3 + ... + C xx -10 = 1023

S:

a) n = 5
b) x = 2
f) x = 10
g) x = 17
l) x = 7
m) x = 4
Bai 2: Gii cc bt phng trnh:
a)

Cnn--13
An4+1

<

1
14 P3

b)

Pn+ 5

c) x = 7
h) x = 5
n) x = 10

(n - k )!

60 Ank++32

c) C1x + 6Cx2 + 6C x3 = 9 x 2 - 14 x
f) Ax2-2 + Cxx -2 = 101
i) Ax3 + Cxx -2 = 14 x
m) C 1x + C x2 + Cx3 =

7
x
2

1
1
7
- 2 = 1
1
C x C x+1 6C x + 4
d) x = 14
e) x = 3
i) x = 5
k) x = 8
o) x = 3; x = 8
o)

c) Cn4-1 - Cn3-1 -

5 2
A <0
4 n -2

1 2
6
A2 x - Ax2 C x3 + 10
f) Cnn+-12 - Cnn+-11 100
2
x
S: a) k: n 3, n2 + n 42 > 0 n 6
k n
b)
(n + 5)(n + 4)(n - k + 1) 0
Xt vi n 4: bpt v nghim
Xt n {0,1,2,3} ta c cc nghim l: (0;0), (1;0), (1;1), (2;2), (3,3)
c) k: n 5, n2 9n 22 < 0 n = 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10
d) x = 2
e) x = 3, x = 4
Bai 3: Gii cc h phng trnh:
Ax
y-x
C y - C y +1 = 0
Cy
C y +1 C y -1
y
a) P + Cy = 126
b) x +1 = x = x
c) x y x y -1
6
5
2
4Cx - 5Cx = 0
Px +1 = 720
x +1
x x
1
Cy :Cy + 2 =
2 A y + 5C y = 90
5Cxy - 2 = 3C xy -1

x
x
3
d) y
e)
f) y
y -1
y
C x = C x
C x : A x = 1
5 Ax - 2C x = 80
y y 24
A x +1
y - x -1
7 A y -3 = A y - 2
2 A y + C y = 180
y
= 126
5x
g) P + Cy
h) 5yx-2
i)
yx yx
y -3
x
4C4 x = 7C5 x
Ax - C x = 36
P = 720
x +2
d) 2C x2+1 + 3 Ax2 < 30

S:

e)

x = 5
a)
y = 7
e) x = 4, y = 8.

x = 8
b)
y = 3
f) x = 7, y = 4

x = 17
c)
y = 8

d) x = 5, y = 2.

k
k +1
k +2
Bai 4: Tm s t nhin k sao cho C14
, C14
, C14
lp thnh mt cp s cng.
S: k = 4; 8.

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Trn S Tng
Dng 6: Tm s t hp trong cc bi ton s hc

Bai 1: Cho 10 cu hi, trong c 4 cu l thuyt v 6 bi tp. Ngi ta cu to thnh cc

thi. Bit rng trong mi thi phi gm 3 cu hi, trong nht thit phi c t nht 1 cu l
thuyt v 1 bi tp. Hi c th to ra bao nhiu thi?
S:

gm 2 cu l thuyt v 1 bi tp:

C42 .C61 = 36

gm 1 cu l thuyt v 2 bi tp:
C41 .C62 = 60
Vy c: 36 + 60 = 96 thi.
Bai 2: Mt lp hc c 40 hc sinh, trong gm 25 nam v 15 n. Gio vin ch nhim mun
chn mt ban cn s lp gm 4 em. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn, nu:
a) Gm 4 hc sinh tu .
b) C 1 nam v 3 n.
c) C 2 nam v 2 n.
d) C t nht 1 nam.
e) C t nht 1 nam v 1 n.
4
S: a) C40

1
3
b) C25
.C15

2
2
c) C25
.C15

1
3
2
2
3
1
4
d) C25
.C15
+ C25
.C15
+ C25
.C15
+ C25

4
4
4
e) C40
- C25
- C15

Bai 3: Cho 5 im trong mt phng v khng c 3 im no thng hng. Hi c bao nhiu vect
to thnh t 5 im y? C bao nhiu on thng to thnh t 5 im y?
S: 20 ; 10.
Bai 4: C 5 tem th khc nhau v 6 b th cng khc nhau. Ngi ta mun chn t ra 3 tem
th, 3 b th v dn 3 tem th y ln 3 b th chn. Mt b th ch dn 1 tem th. Hi c
bao nhiu cch lm nh vy?
S: 1200.
Bai 5: Mt ti cha 6 vin bi trng v 5 vin bi xanh. Ly ra 4 vin bi t ti , c bao nhiu
cch ly c:
a) 4 vin bi cng mu? b) 2 vin bi trng, 2 vin bi xanh?
S: a) 20.
b) 150.
Bai 6: T 20 ngi, chn ra mt on i biu gm 1 trng on, 1 ph on, 1 th k v 3 y
vin. Hi c my cch chn?
S: 4651200.
Bai 7: T 5 bng hng vng, 3 bng hng trng v 4 bng hng (cc bng hoa xem nh i
mt khc nhau), ngi ta mun chn ra mt b ha gm 7 bng, hi c bao nhiu cch chn
b hoa trong :
a) C ng 1 bng hng ?
b) C t nht 3 bng hng vng v t nht 3 bng hng ?
S: a) 112
b) 150.
Bai 8: T 8 s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 10 ch s c chn t 8
ch s trn, trong ch s 6 c mt ng 3 ln, ch s khc c mt ng 1 ln.
S: 544320.
(HVCNBCVT, Tp.HCM, 1999)
Bai 9: T tp X = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} c th lp c bao nhiu s:
a) Chn gm 5 ch s khc nhau tng i mt v ch s ng u l ch s 2?
b) Gm 5 ch s khc nhau tng i mt sao cho 5 ch s c ng 3 ch s chn v 2
ch s l?
S: a) 360.
b) 2448.
(H Cn Th, 2001)
Bai 10: a) C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 6 ch s i mt khc nhau (ch s u tin phi khc
0), trong c mt ch s 0 nhng khng c ch s 1).
b) C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 7 ch s, bit rng ch s 2 c mt ng 2 ln, ch s 3 c
mt ng 3 ln v cc ch s cn li c mt khng qu mt ln.
S: a) 33600
b) 11340.
(H QG, Tp.HCM, 2001)
Bai 11: Ngi ta vit cc s c 6 ch s bng cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 nh sau: Trong mi s
c vit c mt ch s xut hin hai ln cn cc ch s cn li xut hin mt ln. Hi c
Trang 34

Trn S Tng

i s 11

bao nhiu s nh vy?

S: 1800.
(H S phm Vinh, 1998)
Bai 12: T mt tp th 14 ngi gm 6 nm v 8 n trong c An v Bnh, ngi ta mun
chn mt t cng tc gm c 6 ngi. Tm s cch chn trong mi trng hp sau:
a) Trong t phi c c nam ln n?
b) Trong t c 1 t trng, 5 t vin hn na An v Bnh khng ng thi c mt trong t?
S: a) 2974.
b) 15048.
(H Kinh t, Tp.HCM, 2001)
Bai 13: Mt n tu c 3 toa ch khc. Toa I, II, III. Trn sn ga c 4 khch chun b i tu.
Bit mi toa c t nht 4 ch trng. Hi:
a) C bao nhiu cch sp xp cho 4 v khch ln 3 toa.
b) C bao nhiu cch sp xp cho 4 v khch ln tu c 1 toa c 3 trong 4 v khch ni trn.
S: a) 99.
b) 24.
(H Lut H Ni, 1999)
Bai 14: Trong s 16 hc sinh c 3 hc sinh gii, 5 kh, 8 trung bnh. C bao nhiu cch chia s
hc sinh thnh hai t, mi t 8 hc sinh sao cho mi t u c hc sinh gii v mi t c t
nht hai hc sinh kh.
S: 3780.
(HVKT Qun s, 2001)

Dng 7: Tm s t hp trong cc bi ton hnh hc

Bai 1: Trong mt phng cho n ng thng ct nhau tng i mt, nhng khng c 3 ng
no ng quy. Hi c bao nhiu giao im? C bao nhiu tam gic c to thnh?
n(n - 1)
S:
S giao im:
Cn2 =
2
n(n - 1)(n - 2)
S tam gic: Cn3 =
6
Bai 2: Cho 10 im trong khng gian, trong khng c 3 im no thng hng.
a) C bao nhiu ng thng i qua tng cp im?
b) C bao nhiu vect ni tng cp im?
c) C bao nhiu tam gic c nh l 3 trong 10 im trn?
d) Nu trong 10 im trn khng c 4 im no ng phng, th c bao nhiu t din c
to thnh?
2
S: a) C10

2
b) A10

3
c) C10

4
d) C10

Bai 3: Cho a gic li c n cnh (n 4)

a) Tm n a gic c s ng cho bng s cnh?
b) Gi s 3 ng cho cng i qua 1 nh th khng ng qui. Hy tnh s giao im
(khng phi l nh) ca cc ng cho y?
S: a) Cn2 - n = n n = 5
b) Giao im ca 2 ng cho ca 1 a gic li (khng phi l nh) chnh l giao im
ca 2 ng cho mt t gic m 4 nh ca n l 4 nh ca a gic. Vy s giao im
phi tm bng s t gic vi 4 nh thuc n nh ca a gic: Cn4
Bai 4: Cho mt a gic li c n-cnh (n , b 3) .
a) Tm s ng cho ca a gic. Hy ch ra 1 a gic c s cnh bng s ng cho?
b) C bao nhiu tam gic c nh trng vi nh ca a gic?
c) C bao nhiu giao im gia cc ng cho?
n(n - 3)
(n - 2)(n - 1)n
n(n - 1)(n - 2)(n - 3)
; n = 5. b)
.
c)
.
S: a)
2
6
24
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Trn S Tng

Bai 5: Tm s giao im ti a ca:

a) 10 ng thng phn bit?
b) 10 ng trn phn bit?
c) 10 ng thng v 10 ng trn trn?
S: a) 45.
b) 90. c) 335.
Bai 6: Cho hai ng thng song song (d1), (d2). Trn (d1) ly 17 im phn bit, trn (d2)
ly 20 im phn bit. Tnh s tam gic c cc nh l 3 im trong s 37 im chn trn
(d1) v (d2).
S: 5950.
(H SP Quy Nhn, 1997)
Bai 7: Cho mt phng cho a gic u H c 20 cnh. Xt cc tam gic c ba nh c ly t
cc nh ca H.
a) C tt c bao nhiu tam gic nh vy? C bao nhiu tam gic c ng hai cnh l cnh
ca H?
b) C bao nhiu tam gic c ng mt cnh l cnh ca H? C bao nhiu tam gic khng c
cnh no l cnh ca H?
S: a) 1140; 20.
b) 320 ; 80.
(HVNH, 2000, khi D)
Bai 8: C 10 im A, B, C, ... trn mt phng trong khng c 3 im no thng hng.
a) Ni chng li ta c bao nhiu ng thng? Trong c bao nhiu ng khng i qua
A hay B?
b) C bao nhiu tam gic nh bi cc im trn? Bao nhiu tam gic cha im A? Bao
nhiu tam gic cha cnh AB?
S: a) 45; 28.
b) 120 ; 36 ; 8.
Bai 9: C p im trong mt phng trong c q im thng hng, s cn li khng c 3 im
no thng hng. Ni p im li vi nhau. Hi:
a) C bao nhiu ng thng?
b) Chng to ra bao nhiu tam gic?
1
1
S: a)
p( p - 1) - q(q - 1) + 2; . b)
p( p - 1)( p - 2) - q(q - 1)(q - 2) .
2
6
Bai 10: Cho p im trong khng gian trong c q im ng phng, s cn li khng c 4
im no ng phng. Dng tt c cc mt phng cha 3 trong p im . Hi:
a) C bao nhiu mt phng khc nhau?
b) Chng to ra bao nhiu t din?
S: a) C 3p - Cq3 + 1.

b) C 4p - Cq4 .

Bai 11: Cho p im trong c q im cng nm trn 1 ng trn, ngoi ra khng c 4 im

no ng phng. Hi c bao nhiu:
a) ng trn, mi ng i qua ba im?
b) T din vi cc nh thuc p im ?
S: a) C p3 - Cq3 + 1.

b) C 4p - Cq4 .

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i s 11

V. Nh thc Newton
1. Cng thc khai trin nh thc Newton: Vi mi nN v vi mi cp s a, b ta c:
( a + b) n =

Cnk an-k bk

k =0

2. Tnh cht:
1) S cc s hng ca khai trin bng n + 1
2) Tng cc s m ca a v b trong mi s hng bng n
3) S hng tng qut (th k+1) c dng: Tk+1 = Cnk a n-k bk ( k =0, 1, 2, , n)
4) Cc h s ca cc cp s hng cch u s hng u v cui th bng nhau:
Cnk = Cnn-k
5) Cn0 = Cnn = 1 , Cnk -1 + Cnk = Cnk+1
* Nhn xt: Nu trong khai trin nh thc Newton, ta gn cho a v b nhng gi tr c bit
th ta s thu c nhng cng thc c bit. Chng hn:
(1+x)n = Cn0 x n + Cn1 x n-1 + ... + Cnn

Cn0 + C1n + ... + Cnn = 2 n

(x1)n = Cn0 x n - C1n x n-1 + ... + (-1)n Cnn

Cn0 - Cn1 + ... + (-1)n Cnn = 0

Dng 1: Xc nh cc h s trong khai trin nh thc Newton

Bai 1: Tm h s ca s hng cha M trong khai trin ca nh thc, vi:
a) ( x - 3)9 ; M = x 4

b) (2 x - 1)12 ; M = x 5

c) (2 - x )15 ; M = x 9

d) (1 - 3 x )11; M = x 6

e) (3 x - x 2 )12 ; M = x15

f) (2 - 5 x )13 ; M = x 7

10

2
g) x 2 - ; M = x11
x

12

14

1
h) 2 x - ; M = x 3
x

2
i) y - ; M = y 2
y

k) (2 x - 3 y )17 ; M = x 8 y 9
l) ( x 3 + xy )15 ; M = x 25 y10
k) (2 x + 3 y)25 ; M = x12 y13
S:
Bai 2: Tm s hng khng cha x trong khai trin ca nh thc:
10

1
a) x +
x4

10

1
e) 2 x -
x

S: a) 45

12

1
b) x 2 +
x4

10

1
f) x 2 +
x3

b) 495
c) 10

1
c) x 3 -
x2

15

1
d) x 2 -
x

10

1
2
g) x 3 +
h) x +
2
x

d) 15
e) 8064
f) 210

Bai 3: Khai trin a thc P(x) di dng: P( x ) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + ... + an x n . Xc nh h s ak:

a) P( x ) = (1 + x )9 + (1 + x )10 + ... + (1 + x )14 ; a9 ?
b) P( x ) = (1 + x ) + 2(1 + x )2 + 3(1 + x )3 + ... + 20(1 + x )20 ; a15 ?
c) P( x ) = ( x - 2)80 = a0 + a1x + a2 x 2 + ... + a80 x 80 ; a78 ?
d) P( x ) = (3 + x )50 = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + ... + a50 x 50 ; a46 ?
Trang 37

i s 11

Trn S Tng

e) P( x ) = (1 + x )3 + (1 + x )4 + (1 + x )5 + ... + (1 + x )30 ; a3 ?
S: a) a9 = 3003

b) a15 = 400995

c) a78 = 12640

d) a46 = 18654300

Bai 4: Trong khai trin ( x + y + z)n , tm s hng cha x k .y m (k, m < n)

S: Trc ht tm tt c s hng cha xk.
n

Ta c: (x + y + z)n = x + ( y + z ) = ... + Cnk x k ( y + z )

n-k

+ ...

m (y + z)nk = ... + Cnm-k y m zn-k -m + ...

s hng cha x k .y m l: Cnk .Cnm-k x k y m zn-k -m
Bai 5: Tm h s ca s hng cha M trong khai trin ca nh thc, vi:
a) (1 - x + x 2 )10 ; M = x 6

b) (1 + x + 2 x 2 )10 ; M = x17

c) ( x 2 + x - 1)5 ; M = x 3

d) (1 + x 2 - x 3 )8 ; M = x 8

e) (1 + x + x 2 + x 3 )10 ; M = x 5

f) 1 + x 2 (1 - x ) ; M = x 8

Bai 6:
n

1
a) Cho bit trong khai trin x 3 + tng cc h s ca cc hng t th nht, th hai, th
x2

ba bng 11. Tm h s ca x 2 .
n

1
b) Cho bit trong khai trin x 2 + , tng cc h s ca cc hng t th nht, th hai, th
x

ba l 46. Tm hng t khng cha x.

n

2
c) Cho bit tng ca 3 h s ca 3 s hng u tin trong khai trin x 2 - l 97. Tm

3
4
hng t ca khai trin cha x .
d) Tm h s ca s hng cha x

26

trong khai trin

+ x 7 , bit rng:
4
x

C21n +1 + C22n+1 + ... + C2nn+1 = 220 - 1 .

e) Tm h s ca s hng cha x10 trong khai trin (2 + x )n , bit rng:
30 Cn0 - 3n-1C1n + 3n-2 Cn2 - ... + (-1)n Cnn = 2048
S: a) n = 4, C42 = 6

b) n = 9 ; 84 c) n = 8; 1120 x 4

d) n = 10; 210 x 26

e) n = 11; 22 x10
Bai 7: a) Tm s hng khng cha cn thc trong khai trin ca nh thc:
n

(3 3 +

2)

1
b) Tm s m n ca biu thc b +
. Bit t s gia cc h s ca s hng th 5 v
3
12

th 3 trong khai trin ca nh thc l 7:2. Tm s hng th 6?

15

1
c) Tm s hng th 6 ca khai trin x - .
x

12

3 3 2 2

d) Tm s hng cha a7 trong khai trin

a +
a .
64
3

Trang 38

Trn S Tng

i s 11

1 3
e) Tm s hng gia ca khai trin
+
5
x

10

x .

12

f) Tm s hng khng cha x trong khai trin ca nh thc: + x .

x

16

1
g) Tm hng t c lp vi x trong khai trin 3 x + .
x

S: a)

C52 .3.2

= 60

b) n = 9 T6 =

C95

1
.
3 2
b

15 30 15
. x .y .
e) T16 = C30

d) 924a 7 .2 -30.

k
C21
. 3

21-k

126
=

3
b b2

f) 495.

5
c) T6 = C15
.

g) 1820.

21

a
Bai 8: Trong khai trin ca nh thc: 3
+

ging nhau?
S: Ta c: Tk+1 =

( b)

b
, tm cc s hng cha a, b vi lu tha
3
a
k

21-k k k 21-k
b
k
= C21.a 3 6 .b 2 6
3
a
5

21 - k k k 21 - k
9

- = k = 9. Vy s hng cn tm l: T10 = C21

.a 2 .b 2
3
6 2
6
Bai 9: S hng no cha x vi s m t nhin trong khai trin sau:
4

10

a) ( x + x ) .

13

1
b) x +
.
3
x

2
6 7
10 10
x , C10
x , C10
x .
S: a) C10

0 13
3 9
6 5 9
b) C13
x , C13
x , C13
x , C13 x.

Bai 10: a) Tm s hng ca khai trin ( 3 + 3 2)9 l mt s nguyn.

b) Tm s hng hu t ca khai trin ( 3 - 15)6 .
c) Xc nh cc s hng hu t ca khai trin ( 5 3 + 3 7)36 .
d) C bao nhiu hng t nguyn ca khai trin ( 3 + 4 5)124 .
S: a) T4 = 4536, T10 = 8.
b) T1 = 27, T3 = 2005, T5 = 10125, T7 = 3375.
c) T7 , T22 , T37 .

d) 32 s hng

a
Bai 11: a) Tm s hng th ba ca khai trin 13 a +

a -1

3
2
nu Cn : Cn = 4 :1.

T3 = 4T5

n
b) Trong khai trin (1 + x ) theo ly tha tng ca x, cho bit :
40 . Tm n v x?
T4 = 3 T6
n

1
c) Trong khai trin a a + cho bit hiu s gia h s ca hng t th ba v th hai l
a4

44. Tm n.
1
13
S: a) n = 14, T3 = 91 a51 .
b) n = 6, x = .
c) n = 11
2
Trang 39

i s 11

Trn S Tng

Dng 2 : p dng khai trin nh thc Newton chng minh ng thc t hp

Bai 1: Tnh cc tng sau (s dng trc tip khai trin (a + b)n ):
a) S = C60 + C61 + ... + C66

HD: S dng: (1 + x )6 , vi x = 1

b) S = C50 + 2C51 + 22 C52 + ... + 25 C55

HD: S dng: (1 + x )5 , vi x = 2

0
1
2
2010
c) S = C2010
+ C2010
+ C2010
+ ... + C2010

HD: S dng: (1 + x )2010 , vi x = 1

0
1
2
2010
d) S = C2010
+ 2C2010
+ 22 C2010
+ ... + 22010 C2010

HD: S dng: (1 + x )2010 , vi x = 2

6
7
8
9
10
11
e) S = C11
+ C11
+ C11
+ C11
+ C11
+ C11

HD: S dng: (1 + x )11 , vi x = 1

0
1
2
16
f) S = 316 C16
- 315 C16
+ 314 C16
- ... + C16

HD: S dng: ( x - 1)16 , vi x = 3

0
1
17
g) S = 317 C17
+ 41.316.C17
+ ... + 417 C17

HD: S dng: (3 x + 4)17 , vi x = 1

Bai 2: Tnh cc tng sau (s dng trc tip khai trin (a + b)n ):
a) S = Cn0 + C1n + Cn2 + ... + Cnn .

HD: S dng: (1 + x )n , vi x = 1

b) S1 = C20n + C22n + C24n + ... + C22nn

HD: S dng: (1 - x )2 n , vi x = 1

S2 = C21n + C23n + C25n + ... + C22nn-1

c) S = Cn0 + 3Cn1 + 32 Cn3 + ... + 3n Cnn

HD: S dng: (1 + x )n , vi x = 3

d) S = Cn0 + 6C1n + 6 2 Cn2 + ... + 6 n Cnn

HD: S dng: (1 + x )n , vi x = 6

d) S = Cn0 + 2C1n + 2 2 Cn2 + ... + 2 n Cnn

HD: S dng: (1 + x )n , vi x = 2

Bai 3: Chng minh cc h thc sau (s dng trc tip khai trin (a + b)n ):
a) C20n + C22n + ... + C22nn = C21n + C23n + ... + C22nn-1

HD: (1 - x )2 n , vi x = 1

b) C20n + C21n + C22n + ... + C22nn = 4n

HD: (1 + x )2 n , vi x = 1

c) 1 - 10.C21n + 102.C22n - 103.C23n + ... - 102 n-1C22nn-1 + 102 n = 81n. HD: (1 - x )2 n , vi x = 10

d) C20n + C22n 32 + C24n 34 + ... + C22nn 32 n = 22 n-1.(22 n + 1)
HD: (1 + x )2 n + (1 - x )2 n , vi x = 3
0
2
4
2004
e) S = C2004
+ 2 2 C2004
+ 24 C2004
+ ... + 22004 C2004
=

32004 + 1
2
HD: (1 + x )2004 + (1 - x )2004 , vi x = 2

Bai 4: Dng ng thc (1 + x )m .(1 + x )n = (1 + x )m+n , chng minh rng:

a) Cm0 .Cnk + C1m .Cnk -1 + Cm2 .Cnk -2 + ... + Cmm .Cnk -m = Cmk + n , m k n.
(H thc Van der mon de (Van ec mon)).
b) (Cn0 )2 + (Cn1 )2 + (Cn2 )2 + ... + (Cnn )2 = C2nn .
(2n)!
(n - k )!(n + k )!
Bai 5: Tnh gi tr cc biu thc A, B bng cch tnh A + B, A B:
c) Cn0 .Cnk + C1n .Cnk +1 + Cn2 .Cnk +2 + ... + Cnn -k .Cnn =

a) A = 22 n C20n + 22 n-2 C22n + ... + 2 0 C22nn

B = 22 n-1C21n + 22 n -3 C23n + ... + 21C22nn -1

b) A = 2 n Cn0 + 2 n-2 Cn2 + 2n -4 Cn4 + ...

B = 2 n-1Cn1 + 2n -3 Cn3 + .2 n-5 Cn5 + ...

Trang 40

Trn S Tng

i s 11
2n

HD: a) Ta c : (2 x + 1) =

2n

k =0

Mt khc, (2 x 1)2 n =

C2kn .

(2 x )

2 n-k

. Thay x = 1 ta c A + B = 32n = 9n

2n

C2kn .(2 x )2 n-k .(-1)k . Thay x = 1 ta c A B = 1

k =0

T suy ra: A =

1 n
(9 + 1) ,
2

B=

1 n
(9 - 1)
2

b) Khai trin (2 x + 1)n , vi x = 1 A + B = 3n

Khai trin (2 x - 1)n , vi x = 1 A B = 1
1
1
A = (3n + 1), B = (3n - 1)
2
2
Bai 6: Bit tng tt c cc h s ca khai trin th thc ( x 2 + 1)n bng 1024, hy tm h s a (a
l s t nhin) ca s hng ax12 trong khai trin .
S: a = 210.
(HV hnh chnh QG, 2000)
Bai 7: Chng minh:
0
2001
1
2000
k
2001-k
2001 0
2002
a) S = C2002
C2002
+ C2002
C2001
+ ... + C2002
C2002
-k + ... + C2002C1 = 1001.2
k
k
2001-k
HD: a) Ch : C2002
C2002
-k = ... = 2002.C2001
2001

k
S = 2002 C2001
= 2002.22001 = 1001.22002
k =0

Bai 8: Tnh cc tng sau (s dng o hm ca khai trin (a + b)n ):

0
1
2
2010
a) S = C2010
+ 2C2010
+ 3C2010
+ ... + 2011C2010
S:

HD: Ly o hm: (1 + x )2011 , vi x = 1

Bai 9: Chng minh cc h thc sau (s dng o hm ca khai trin (a + b)n ):

a) S = 1.Cn1 + 2.Cn2 + ... + n.Cnn = n.2 n-1
b) S = 2.1.Cn2 + 3.2.Cn3 + ... + n( n - 1).Cnn = n.(n - 1)2 n-2

HD: (1 + x )n , vi x = 1

HD: (1 + x )n , vi x = 1

c) S = 12 Cn1 + 22 Cn2 + ... + n 2Cnn = n(n + 1).2 n-2

HD: k 2Cnk = [ k (k - 1) + k ] Cnk

d) S = Cn1 3n-1 + 2Cn2 3n-2 + 3Cn3 3n-3 + ... + nCnn = n.4 n-1

HD: (3 + x )n , vi x = 1

Bai 10: Chng minh cc h thc sau (s dng tch phn ca khai trin (a + b)n ):
a) S = 2Cn0 +

2 2 1 23 2
2 n+1 n 3n+1 - 1
Cn + Cn + ... +
C =
2
3
n +1 n
n +1
n +1

1
1
1
2 -1
b) S = Cn0 + C1n + Cn2 + ... +
Cnn =
2
3
n +1
n +1
n

HD: S = (1 + x )n dx
0
1

HD: S = (1 + x )n dx
0
1

1
1
(-1) n
1
c) S = Cn0 - Cn1 + Cn2 - ... +
Cn =
2
3
n +1
n +1

HD: S = (1 - x )n dx

1
1
1
(-1)n n
1
d) S = Cn0 - Cn1 + Cn2 - ... +
Cn =
2
4
6
2(n + 1)
2(n + 1)

HD: S = x (1 - x 2 )n dx

Trang 41

0
1
0

i s 11

Trn S Tng

1 0 1 1 1 2
1
2 n+1 - 1
n
e) S = Cn + Cn + Cn + ... +
C =
2
4
6
2(n + 1) n 2(n + 1)
f) S = Cn0 +

HD: S = x (1 + x 2 )n dx
0

2
22 - 1 1 22 - 1 2
2 n+1 - 1 n 3n+1 - 2 n+1
Cn +
Cn + ... +
Cn =
HD: S = (1 + x )n dx
2
3
n +1
n +1
1

Dng 3: Ton chia ht

Nu a chia cho b c s d l r th a = bq + r
nn an = (bq + r)n = bnqn + nbn1qn1r + + nbqrn1 + rn
Do an v rn c cng s d khi chia cho b. Tc l: an rn(mod b)
Vy nu a r (mod b) th an rn (mod b)
V d 1: Chng minh rng vi "n Z+, ta c:
a) 4n + 15n 1 M 9
b) 16n 15n 1 M 225
HD: a) Ta c 4n = (3+1)n = 3n + n.3n1 + + 3n + 1 3n + 1 (mod 9)
(v 3k M 9 , "k 2)
n
4 + 15n 1 3n + 1 + 15n 1 (mod 9) = 18n (mod 9)
Vy 4n + 15n 1 M 9
n(n - 1) 2
b) 16n = (1 + 15)n = 1 + n.15 +
.15 + + n.15n1 + 15n
2
1 + 15n (mod 152)
Do : 16n 15n 1 1 + 15n 15n 1 0 (mod 225)
Vy 16n 15n 1 M 225
V d 2: Chng minh rng vi "n Z+, ta c:
26n+1 + 36n+1 + 56n + 1 M 7
6n+1
6n+1
6n+1
6 n
6 n
HD: 2
+3
+5
+ 1 = 2(2 ) + 3(3 ) + (56)n + 1
= 2.64n + 3.729n + 15625n + 1
= 2[(7.9 + 1)n 1] + 3[(7.104 + 1)n 1] + [(7.2232 + 1)n 1] + 7
Do vi mi s t nhin p v q th:
(7p+1)q 1 = [(7p+1)1].[(7p+1)q1+ + (7p+1) + 1]
nn biu thc cho lun chia ht cho 7.

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Trn S Tng

i s 11

B. XC SUT
I. Bin c v xc sut
1. Bin c
Khng gian mu W: l tp cc kt qu c th xy ra ca mt php th.
Bin c A: l tp cc kt qu ca php th lm xy ra A. A W.
Bin c khng:
Bin c chc chn: W
Bin c i ca A: A = W \ A
Hp hai bin c: A B
Giao hai bin c: A B (hoc A.B)
Hai bin c xung khc: A B =
Hai bin c c lp: nu vic xy ra bin c ny khng nh hng n vic xy ra bin c
kia.
2. Xc sut
n( A)
Xc sut ca bin c: P(A) =
n(W )
0 P(A) 1; P(W ) = 1;
P() = 0
Qui tc cng: Nu A B = th P(A B) = P(A) + P(B)
M rng: A, B bt k: P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A.B)
P( A ) = 1 P(A)
Qui tc nhn: Nu A, B c lp th P(A.B) = P(A). P(B)
Bai 1: Gieo mt con sc sc cn i ng cht hai ln. Tnh xc sut ca bin c:
a) Tng hai mt xut hin bng 8.
b) Tch hai mt xut hin l s l.
c) Tch hai mt xut hin l s chn.
5
1
3
b)
c)
S: a) n(W ) = 36. n(A) = 5 P(A) =
36
4
4
Bai 2: Mt lp hc c 25 hc sinh, trong gm c 15 em hc kh mn Ton, 17 em hc kh
mn Vn.
a) Tnh xc sut chn c 2 em hc kh c 2 mn.
b) Tnh xc sut chn c 3 em hc kh mn Ton nhng khng kh mn Vn.
C72
C83
S: a) n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) n(AB) = 15 +17 25 = 7 P(AB)=
b)
25
25
Bai 3: Gieo hai con sc sc cn i ng cht. Tnh xc sut ca bin c:
a) Tng hai mt xut hin bng 7.
b) Cc mt xut hin c s chm bng nhau.
1
1
S: a)
b)
6
6
Bai 4: Mt bnh ng 5 vin bi xanh v 3 vin bi ch khc nhau v mu. Ly ngu nhin
mt vin bi, ri ly tip mt vin na. Tnh xc sut ca bin c ln th hai c mt vin bi
xanh.
5
S:
8
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i s 11

Trn S Tng

Bai 5: Mt bnh ng 5 vin bi xanh v 3 vin bi ch khc nhau v mu. Ly ngu nhin 4
vin bi. Tnh xc sut c t nht 3 vin bi xanh.
1
S:
2
Bai 6: Hai ngi i sn c lp vi nhau v cng bn mt con th. Xc sut bn trng ca ngi
3
1
th nht l , ca ngi th hai l . Tnh xc sut con th b bn trng.
5
2
4
S:
5
Bai 7: Gieo ngu nhin mt con sc sc cn i ng cht hai ln. Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c
sau:
a) Ln th nht xut hin mt 6 chm.
b) Ln th hai xut hin mt 6 chm.
c) t nht mt ln xut hin mt 6 chm.
d) Khng ln no xut hin mt 6 chm.
1
1
11
25
S: a)
b)
c)
d)
6
6
36
36
Bai 8: Gieo ng thi bn ng xu cn i ng cht. Tnh xc sut ca bin c:
a) C 4 ng xu u nga.
b) C ng 3 ng xu lt nga.
c) C t nht hai ng xu lt nga.
1
1
11
S: a)
b)
c)
16
4
16
Bai 9: Mt hp bng n c 12 bng, trong c 7 bng tt. Ly ngu nhin 3 bng.Tnh xc
sut ly c:
a) t nht 2 bng tt
b) t nht 1 bng tt.
Bai 10: Mt lp hc gm 20 hc sinh trong c 6 hc sinh gii Ton, 5 hc sinh gii Vn v 4
hc sinh gii c 2 mn. GVCN chn ra 2 em. Tnh xc sut 2 em l hc sinh gii.
Bai 11: Mt hp c 20 qu cu ging nhau, trong c 12 qu cu trng v 8 qu cu en. Ly
ngu nhin 3 qu. Tnh xc sut trong 3 qu chn ra c t nht mt qu mu en.
Bai 12: Mt t c 6 hc sinh nam v 4 hc sinh n. GVCN chn ra 2 em i thi vn ngh. Tnh
xc sut 2 em khc phi.
Bai 13: Mt lp c 30 hc sinh, trong c 8 em gii, 15 em kh v 7 em trung bnh. Chn
ngu nhin 3 em i d i hi. Tnh xc sut :
a) C 3 em u l hc sinh gii
b) C t nht 1 hc sinh gii
c) Khng c hc sinh trung bnh.
Bai 14: Cho 7 s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Gi X l tp hp cc s gm hai ch s khc nhau ly t 7 s
trn. Ly ngu nhin 1 s thuc X. Tnh xc sut :
a) S l s l.
b) S chia ht cho 5
c) S chia ht cho 9.

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Trn S Tng

i s 11

II. Bin ngu nhin ri rc

1. Bin ngu nhin ri rc
X = {x1, x2, ,xn}
P(X=xk) = pk
p1 + p2 + + pn = 1
2. K vng (gi tr trung bnh)

m = E(X) =

xi pi
i =1

3. Phng sai v lch chun

V(X) =

( xi - m )2 pi =

i =1

xi2 pi - m 2

s(X) = V ( X )

i =1

Bai 1: Hai cu th bng st pht n. Mi ngi mt ln vi xc sut lm bn ca ngi

th nht l 0,8. Tnh xc sut lm bn ca ngi th hai, bit rng xc sut c hai ngi
cng lm bn l 0,56 v xc sut b thng li t nht mt ln l 0,94.
Bai 2: Mt cp v chng c 3 ngi con. Gi X l s ln sinh con trai. Lp bng phn phi xc
sut ca bin ngu nhin X.
Bai 3: Mt hp ng 6 vin bi xanh v 4 vin bi . Chn ngu nhin 3 vin bi. Gi X l s ln
ly c bi . Lp bng phn phi ca bin ngu nhin X.
Bai 4: Cho bng phn phi xc sut ca bin ngu nhin X:
X
1
2
3
P
0,3
0,5
0,2
Tm k vng, phng sai v lch chun ca X.
Bai 5: Mt hp ng 5 vin bi v 3 vin bi xanh. Ly ngu nhin 3 vin. Gi X l s bi
ly ra. Tnh k vng, phng sai v lch chun ca X.
Bai 6: Hai x th c lp cng bn vo 1 bia. Mi ngi bn 1 vin n. Xc sut x th th
nht bn trng bia l 0,7. Xc sut x th th hai bn trng bia l 0,8. Gi X l s n bn
trng bia. Tnh k vng, phng sai ca X.

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Trn S Tng
BI TP N CHNG II

Bi 1. Mt c quan c 4 cng ra vo.

a) Hi mt ngi khch c th chn bao nhiu cch ra vo c quan ?
b) C th chn bao nhiu cch vo ra c quan bng 2 cng khc nhau (cng vo khc
cng ra)?
S:
Bi 2. C 10 mn hc bui sng v 7 mn hc bui chiu.
a) Hi c my kh nng hc sinh la chn bui sng ch hc 1 mn v bui chiu ch hc
1 mn?
b) Hi c my kh nng hc sinh la chn bui sng ch hc 1 mn v bui chiu khng
hc mn no?
S:
Bi 3. Mt ngi c 6 ci o, 5 ci qun v 3 i giy. Trong c 3 o sc v 3 o trng, 2
qun en, 2 i giy en. Hi ngi c bao nhiu cch chn mc o qun giy,
nu:
a) Chn o, qun, giy no cng c?
b) Nu chn o sc th vi qun no, giy no cng c; cn nu chn o trng th ch mc
vi qun en v i giy en?
S:
Bi 4. Mt nhm hc sinh gm c 30 em gii Ton v 20 em gii Vn. C bao nhiu cch chn
ra 5 hc sinh sao cho c t nht 3 em gii Ton?
S:
Bi 5. Mt n cnh st c 9 ngi. Trong ngy cn c 3 ngi lm nhim v a im A, 2
ngi a im B, cn 5 ngi thng trc ti n. Hi c bao nhiu cch phn cng?
S:
Bi 6. Trong s 107 s in thoi 7 ch s th nhng s c 7 ch s khc nhau chim t l bao
nhiu?
S:
Bi 7. Hi ng qun tr ca mt cng ty gm 15 ngi. T hi ng bu c ra mt ch tch,
mt ph ch tch v 2 y vin kim tra) Hi c bao nhiu cch?
S: 16380
Bi 8. Trong bnh hoa c 10 bng hng v 5 bng hng trng. C bao nhiu cch ly ra t
bnh hoa 4 bng hng cng mu?
S: 215
Bi 9. Mt b sch gm 30 tp. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp b sch ln k sch di sao cho
tp 1 v tp 2 khng ng k nhau.
S: 30! 2 . 29! = 28 . 29!
Bi 10. Hai nhn vin bu in cn phi chuyn 10 l th n 10 a ch. Hi h c bao nhiu
cch phn cng cng vic ?
S: 210
Bi 11. Cn pht 12 thi gm 6 A v 6 B cho 12 hc sinh, mi hc sinh u c 1 .
C bao nhiu cch sp xp cc hc sinh y thnh hai dy mi dy 6 hc sinh sao cho cc hc
sinh ngi k nhau th khng cng vi nhau cn cc hc sinh ngi trc cng vi hc
sinh ngi ngay pha sau.
S: 2 . 6! 6!
Bi 12. C th chia 12 quyn sch khc nhau cho 4 a tr theo bao nhiu cch bit rng:
a) Mi a tr c 3 quyn sch?
b) Hai a ln nht c 4 quyn sch mi a v hai a b nht c 2 quyn sch mi
a?
S:
a) 369600;
b) 207900.
Bi 13. C bao nhiu cch xp ch ngi cho 5 ngi khch:
a) Vo 5 gh thnh 1 dy
Trang 46

Trn S Tng

i s 11

b) Vo 5 gh chung quanh mt bn trn, nu khng c s phn bit gia cc gh ny?

S: a) 120
b) 24
Bi 14. Mt dy gh dnh cho 3 nam v 2 n. C bao nhiu cch xp ch ngi nu:
a) H ngi th no cng c?
b) Nam ngi k nhau, n ngi k nhau?
c) Ch c n ngi k nhau?
S:
a) 120;
b) 24;
c) 24.
Bi 15. Xp 6 ngi ngi vo 1 dy 6 gh, c bao nhiu cch nu:
a) C 3 ngi trong h mun ngi k nhau?
b) C 2 ngi trong h khng mun ngi k nhau?
c) C 3 ngi trong h khng mun ngi k nhau i mt?
S:
a) 144;
b) 480;
c) 144.
Bi 16. C bao nhiu cch xp 5 ngi gm 3 nam v 2 n vo mt hng gh gm 8 gh nu:
a) H ngi th no cng c?
b) H ngi k nhau?
c) 3 nam ngi k nhau, 2 n ngi k nhau v gia hai nhm ny c t nht 1 gh trng?
S:
a) 6720;
b) 480;
c) 144.
Bi 17. Mt hng gh gm 10 chic gh. C bao nhiu cch sp xp mt i v chng ngi vo
cc gh nu:
a) H ngi gh no cng c?
b) H ngi k nhau?
c) V ngi bn phi chng?
d. H ngi cch nhau mt gh?
S:
a) 90;
b) 18;
c) 9;
d) 16.
Bi 18. C bao nhiu cch xp 5 ngi vo mt ci bn c 5 ch ngi sao cho A v B ngi cnh
nhau nu?
a) Ci bn l bn di?
b) Ci bn l bn trn khng phn bit cc ch?
c) Ci bn l bn trn c nh s (c phn bit ch)?
a) 48;
b) 12;
c) 60.
S:
Bi 19. Lp c 12 nam trong c An v c 8 n trong c Bnh. C bao nhiu cch c ra 5
ngi i d tri h quc t sao cho phi c t nht hai nam, t nht hai n, hn na An v
Bnh khng ng thi c c i?
S: 9240
Bi 20. Mt lp hc c 15 hc sinh u t trong c An v Bnh. C bao nhiu cch c 4 hc
sinh u t i du hc 4 nc khc nhau, mi nc mt ngi, trong 4 ngi c An v
Bnh.
2
S: 4.3. A13
= 4.3.13.12 = 1872
Bi 21. C 5 hc sinh trong c An v Bnh. Hi c bao nhiu cch xp h ln mt on tu
gm 8 toa nu:
a) 5 ngi ln cng mt toa?
b) 5 ngi ln 5 toa u?
c) 5 ngi ln 5 toa khc nhau?
d) An v Bnh ln cng toa u?
e) An v Bnh ln cng mt toa?
f) An v Bnh ln cng mt toa, ngoi ra khng c ngi no khc ln toa ny?
S: a) 7;
b) 120;
c) 6720
d) 512;
e) 4096;
f) 343.
Bi 22. Gim c mt cng ty mun chn mt nhm 5 ngi vo hi ng t vn. Trong cng
ty c 12 ngi hi iu kin c chn, trong c hai cp v chng. Hi c bao
nhiu cch chn nu:
a) Hi ng ny c ng mt cp v chng?
b) Hi ng ny khng th gm c v ln chng (nu c)?
S:
a) 112;
b) 560.
Bi 23. Cho 5 qu cu mu trng c bn knh khc nhau v 5 qu cu mu xanh c bn knh
khc nhau. Ngi ta mun xp 10 qu cu vo mt hng 10 ch cho trc.
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Trn S Tng

a) C bao nhiu cch xp khc nhau?

b) C bao nhiu cch xp sao cho hai qu cu ng cnh nhau th phi khc nhau?
c) C bao nhiu cch xp sao cho 5 qu cu trng ng k nhau?
S:
a) 3628800;
b) 28800;
c) 86400.
Bi 24. Cho 1 thp gic li:
a) Tm s ng cho?
b) Tm s tam gic c nh l nh ca thp gic?
c) Trong cc tam gic trn c bao nhiu tam gic c t nht mt cnh l cnh ca thp gic?
C bao nhiu tam gic khng c cnh no l cnh ca thp gic?
S:
Bi 25. a) Cho trc 15 im trong mt phng sao cho 3 im bt k trong s khng cng
nm trn 1 ng thng. C bao nhiu ng thng i qua 2 im trong s ?
b) Cho trc 25 im trong khng gian sao cho 4 im bt k trong s khng cng nm
trong 1 mt phng. C bao nhiu tam gic ni 3 im bt k trong s ? C bao nhiu t din
ni 4 im bt k trong s ?
S: a) 105;
b) 2300; 12650.
Bi 26. Mt h n ng thng song song ct mt h m ng thng song song. Hi c bao
nhiu hnh bnh hnh c to thnh?
mn(m - 1)(n - 1)
S:
4
Bi 27. Cho mt a gic li n nh (n 4)
a) Tnh s ng cho ca a gic ny?
b) Bit rng 3 ng cho khng i qua cng mt nh th khng ng quy, hy tnh s cc giao
im khng phi l nh ca cc ng cho y?
n(n - 3)
n(n - 1)(n - 2)(n - 3)
b)
S:
a)
;
2
24
Bi 28. Cho tam gic ABC. Xt tp hp ng thng gm 4 ng thng song song vi AB, 5
ng thng song song vi BC v 6 ng thng song song vi CA. Hi cc ng thng
ny to c:
a) Bao nhiu tam gic?
b) Bao nhiu hnh thang m khng phi l hnh bnh hnh?
a) 120;
b) 720.
S:
Bi 29. C bao nhiu s gm 5 ch s khc nhau c lp nn t cc s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 v:
a) Bt u vi ch s 3?
b) Khng bt u vi ch s 5?
c) Bt u vi s 54?
d) Khng bt u vi s 543?
Bi 30. C 100000 chic v s c nh s t 00000 n 99999. Hi c bao nhiu v s gm
5 ch s khc nhau?
Bi 31. Vi cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ta c th lp c bao nhiu s chn, mi s gm 5 ch s
khc nhau?
Bi 32. C bao nhiu s gm n ch s, trong cc ch s ch l 1, 2, 3, sao cho mi ch s c
mt t nht mt ln trong mi s ?
Bi 33. C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau tng i sao cho tt c cc ch s u
khc khng v c mt ng thi cc ch s 2, 4, 5.
S: 1800.
Bi 34. T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 c th lp c bao nhiu s c 4 ch s trong
a) C mt ch s 1?
b) C ch s 1 v cc ch s u khc nhau?
S:
a) 1225;
b) 750.
Bi 35. a) C bao nhiu s c 3 ch s khc nhau.
b) Tnh tng cc s cu a)
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Trn S Tng

i s 11

S:
a) 648;
b) 355680.
Bi 36. C bao nhiu s ln hn 2000 vi cc ch s khc nhau tng i ly t tp X = {0, 1, 2,
3, 4}
S:
168.
Bi 37. C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s bit rng hai ch s ng k nhau phi khc
nhau?
S:
59049
Bi 38. Vi cc ch s 2, 3, 5, 8 c th lp c bao nhiu
a) S t nhin ln hn 400 v nh hn 600?
b) S t nhin gm 4 ch s khc nhau tng i v chia ht cho 4?
S:
a) 16;
b) 6.
Bi 39. Vi cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin gm 6 ch s khc
nhau tng i v:
a) Cc s ny ln hn 300000?
b) Cc s ny ln hn 300000 v chia ht cho 5?
c) Cc s ny ln hn 350000?
S:
a) 360;
b) 120;
c) 264.
Bi 40. Vi 6 ch s 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 ngi ta mun lp nhng s gm bn ch s khc nhau.
a) C bao nhiu s nh hn 5000?
b) C bao nhiu s chn nh hn 7000?
S:
a) 120;
b) 120.
Bi 41. C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 3 ch s khc nhau tng i v khc 0 bit rng tng ca
3 ch s ny bng 8.
12.
S:
Bi 42. C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 3 ch s khc nhau tng i bit rng tng 3 ch s ny
bng 12.
54.
S:
Bi 43. Vi cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ngi ta mun lp cc s gm 8 ch s khc nhau tng
i. C bao nhiu s trong
a) Ch s 1 c mt 3 ln, mi ch s khc c mt ng 1 ln?
b) Ch s 1 c mt hai ln, ch s 2 c mt hai ln, mi ch s khc c mt ng mt ln?
S:
a) 6720 HD: A85 ;
b)10080 HD: A84 .C42 .1 = C82 .C62 .4! .
Bi 44. Vi cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, c th lp c bao nhiu s c nm ch s khc nhau
tng i trong :
a) Phi c mt ch s 0?
b)
Phi c mt ch s 6?
c) Phi c mt hai ch s 0 v 6?
S:
a) 4.A64 = 1440;
b) 6. A64 - 5.A54 = 1560; c) 1.4. A53 + 5. A42 .A42 = 960
Bi 45. Cho S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}. C bao nhiu tp con A ca S trong mi trng
hp sau:
a) A c 5 phn t.
b) A c 5 phn t v phn t b nht ca A l 3.
c) A c 5 phn t v phn t b nht ca A b hn hay bng 3.
S: a) 252;
b) 35;
c) 231.
Bi 46. a) C bao nhiu tp con ca {1, 2, ..., 11} cha t nht mt s chn?
b) C bao nhiu tp con ca {1, 2, ..., 12} cha t nht mt s chn?
S: a) 211 26;
b) 212 26.
Bi 47. Gi s ch c mt phn t s tp con 5 phn t ca {1, 2, ..., n} cha s 7. Hy tm n.
S:
n = 20.
Bi 48. Tnh gi tr cc biu thc sau:
10!+ 8!
7!4! 8!
9!
A=
B=
.
8!
10! 3!5! 2!7!
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Trn S Tng
P
P
P
P
D = 5 + 1 + 3 + 2 . A52
A1 A3 A2 A1
5
5
5
5

5
A52 A10
C=
+
P2 7P3

Bi 49. Gii cc phng trnh:

a) 2 Ax2 + 50 = A22x ( x N )

b) Pn+5 = 15 Ank+1.Pn+1-k

c) Ax3 - 2Cx4 = 3 Ax2

d) Axx+-11 + 2 P x -1 =

S:
c) x = 6 v x = 11;
Bi 50. Gii cc h phng trnh
A x : P + C y - x = 126
y
a) y x -1
Px +1 = 720

30
P
7 x

d) x = 7;
b)

C xy -1

Axy-1 + yAxy--11 Axy -1 C xy -1

c)
=
=
10
2
1
S:
a) x = 5, y = 7; b) x = 7, y = 3;
Bi 51. Chng minh rng:
a) (n!)2 > nn (nN, n2)

C xy-2 + Cxy--22 + 2C xy-+21

5

Cxy +1
5

c) x = 7, y = 3.

n-1

2n - 2
b)

(nN, n2); khi no du = xy ra)

n -1

Bi 52. Chng minh cc ng thc sau:

Cn0 .Cn1 ...Cnn

a) Pk . An2+1. An2+3 . An2+5 = nk ! An5+5 (k n; k, nN)

b) Cnk + 4Cnk -1 + 6Cnk -2 + 4Cnk -3 + Cnk -1 = Cnk+4 (4 k n)
c) 2Cnk + 5Cnk +1 + 4Cnk +2 + Cnk +3 = Cnk++22 + Cnk++33
10
9
9
d) C21
= C99 + C10
+ ... + C20
Bi 53. Chng minh cc ng thc sau:

b) Cnk Cnm--kk = Cmk Cnm

a) Pn = (n - 1)( Pn-1 + Pn- 2 )

1
c) Cnm + Cnm-1 + ... + Cnm-10 = Cnm++11 - Cnm-+10

d) Cn0 + 2Cn1 + 3Cn2 + ... + (n + 1)Cnn = (n + 2)2 n-1

e) 2Cn0 +
f)

22 Cn1 23 Cn2 2 4 Cn3

2 n+1 Cnn 3n+1 - 1
+
+
+ ... +
=
2
3
4
n +1
n +1

(C ) + (C )
0
n

1
n

( )

+ ... + Cnn

= C2nn

g) Cnm + Cnm-1 + ... + Cnm- p = Cnm++11 - Cnm-+p1

h) Cn0 - C1n + Cn2 - Cn3 + ... + (-1)k Cnk = (-1)k Cnk-1
S:
f. (1 + x)n(n + 1)n = (1 + x)2n. So snh h s ca xn c 2 v.
g. S dng cng thc Pascal
Bi 54. Tnh cc tng sau:
a) A = Cn0 + 2Cn2 + 4Cn4 + ... + 2 k Cn2 k + ...

B = C1n + 2Cn3 + 4Cn5 + ... + 2 k Cn2 k +1 + ...

b) S = 1.C1n + 22 Cn2 + 32 Cn3 + ... k 2Cnk + ... + n2Cnn

c) (1 + x )n - Cn1 x(1 + x )n-1 + Cn2 x 2 (1 + x )n-2 + ... + (-1)n Cnn x n
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i s 11

1
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ ... +
+ ... +
0! n ! 1!(n - 1)! 2!(n - 2)!
k !(n - k )!
n !0!
1
1
1
1
e)
+
- ... + (-1)n
0! n ! 1!(n - 1)! 2!(n - 2)!
n!0!

d)

S:

a) Khai trin cc biu thc 1 + 2

v 1 - 2

b) o hm cc hm s: f(x) = (1 + x)n v g(x) = x(1 + x)n.

d)

2n
;
n!

e) 0.

Bi 55. CMR: Cnk , Cnk +1 , Cnk +2 (vi k+3 n ; n, kN) l 3 s hng lin tip ca 1 cp s cng.
Bi 56. Vit khai trin ca biu thc (3 x 1)16 , t chng minh rng :
0
1
2
16
316.C16
- 315.C16
+ 314.C16
- ... + C16
= 216
Bi 57. Chng minh cc h thc sau:

a) Cn0 + 2Cn1 + 3Cn2 + ... + (n + 1)Cnn = (n + 2).2n -1

b) 2.1Cn2 + 3.2Cn3 + ... + n(n - 1)Cnn = n(n - 1).2 n-2
c) 12 Cn1 + 2 2 Cn2 + ... + n2Cnn = n(n - 1).2 n-2
Bi 58. Chng minh rng:
a)

1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3
(-1)n n
1
Cn - Cn + Cn - Cn + ... +
Cn =
2
4
6
8
2n + 2
2(n + 1)

b)

C21 n-1.2
0
C2 n -1 1+1

C22n-1.22
1+ 2

+ ... +

(-1)n C22nn--11.22 n-1

1 + (n + 1)

=0

n
Cnk
1
22 n+2 - 3n+1
k
Bi 59. Chng minh:
.Cn -
=
k +1
(n + 1).2 n+1
k =0 k + 1
k =0 ( k + 1).2
n

Bi 60. a) Tnh I = x 2 (1 + x3 )dx

0

1 0 1 1 1 2
1
2 n+1 - 1
Cn + Cn + Cn + ... +
Cnn =
3
6
9
3n + 3
3(n + 1)
Bi 61. Cho nN, chng minh h thc sau:
b) Chng minh :

(1 + e)n+1 n 1
2 n+1 n 1
+
Cnk =
+
Cnk .e k +1
n +1
n + 1 k =0 k + 1
k =0 k + 1
Bi 62. Vi gi tr no ca x th s hng th 4 trong khai trin ca (5 + 2 x )16 ln hn s hng
th 3 v th 5.
15
10
S:
<x<
.
28
13
n

1
Bi 63. S hng th 3 trong khai trin 2 x + khng cha x. Vi gi tr no ca x th s
x2

hng bng s hng th 2 trong khai trin (1 + x 3 )30 .

S:
x = 2.
Bi 64. a) Dng khai trin ca P = (a + b + c)n , CMR s cc hon v khc nhau ca m ch a, n
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Trn S Tng

ch b, p ch c l: N =

(m + n + p)!
m ! n! p !

b) p dng:Tnh h s ca n thc x 6 y 5 z4 trong khai trin ca P = (2 x 5 y + z)15

Bi 65. Xc nh h s ca x 4 trong khai trin ca P = (1 + 2 x + 3 x 2 )10
Bi 66. Tm s hng khng cha x trong khai trin, bit:
n

28

-
3

n
n-1
n -2
15
a) x x + x
, bit Cn + Cn + Cn = 79.

3n

1
b) 2 nx +
, bit tng cc h s trong khai trin bng 64.
2 nx 2

c) ax + x

1
4

) , bit tng cc h s bc chn trong khai trin bng 512.

n

5
1
d) x 2 , bit tng h s ca s hng th hai v th 3 trong khai trin bng 25,5.
6
x
2

1547
S:
a) 792.
b) 240
c) 45a2
d)
1024
n

1
, (n l s nguyn dng)
Bi 67. Tm gi tr ca x sao cho trong khai trin ca 2 x +

x -1
2

c s hng th 3 v th 5 c tng bng 135, cn cc h s ca ba s hng cui ca khai trin

c tng bng 22.
x = 2; x = 1.
S:
n

Bi 68. Tm s nguyn dng n sao cho trong khai trin ca

+ 3 t s ca s hng th 4
2

v s hng th 3 l 3 2.
n = 5.
S:
12

Bi 69. Tm gi tr ca x sao cho trong khai trin ca 6 x - x -1 hiu s gia s hng th k

+ 1 v s hng th k bng 30 cn s m ca x trong s hng th k gp i s m ca x trong

s hng th k + 1.
S:

x1 =

2
; x2 = 5 5.
4
9

1
Bi 70. Vi nhng gi tr no ca x, s hng th 3 ca khai trin
+ x lg
7 2
x

bng 3600.

1
tng cc s hng
Bi 71. Tm gi tr ca s thc x, sao cho trong khai trin 2 x +

x -1
x

th 3 v th 5 l 135, tng ca 3 hng t cui l 22.

Bi 72. Gieo mt ng tin hai ln, xt bin c A = t nht mt ln xut hin mt sp . Tnh
n( W ) v n(A).
Bi 73. Gieo ng thi ba con xc sc cn i, ng cht. Gi A l bin c ba mt khng ging
nhau. Tnh n( W ) v n(A).
Bi 74. Gieo mt con xc sc hai ln. tnh xc sut ca bin c:
a) A : tng s chm hai ln gieo bng 8.
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Trn S Tng

i s 11

b) B : tng s chm hai ln gieo l mt s chia ht cho 9 .

c) C : tng s chm hai ln gieo l nh nhau .
Bi 75. Gieo mt con xc sc hai ln. Tnh xc sut ca bin c:
a) A : ln u c mt c s chm l, ln sau c mt c s chm ln hn 2 .
b) B : mt ln c s chm l chn, mt ln c s chm l l .
Bi 76. Cho 7 s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Gi X l tp hp cc s gm hai ch s khc nhau ly t 7 s
trn. Ly ngu nhin 1 s thuc X. Tnh xc sut :
a) S l s l.
b) S chia ht cho 5
c) S chia ht cho 9.
Bi 77. Mt hp ng 8 vin bi xanh, 6 vin bi , cn i, ng cht. Ly ngu nhin 4 vin.
Tnh xc sut c:
a) 4 vin bi mu xanh.
b) 4 vin bi mu .
c) 2 vin bi mu xanh v 2 vin bi mu .
Bi 78. Mt hp bng n c 12 bng, trong c 7 bng tt. Ly ngu nhin 3 bng.Tnh xc
sut ly c:
a) t nht 2 bng tt
b) t nht 1 bng tt.
Bi 79. Mt lp hc gm 20 hc sinh trong c 6 hc sinh gii Ton, 5 hc sinh gii Vn v 4
hc sinh gii c 2 mn. GVCN chn ra 2 em. Tnh xc sut 2 em l hc sinh gii.
Bi 80. Mt hp c 20 qu cu ging nhau, trong c 12 qu cu trng v 8 qu cu en. Ly
ngu nhin 3 qu. Tnh xc sut trong 3 qu chn ra c t nht mt qu mu en.
Bi 81. Mt t c 6 hc sinh nam v 4 hc sinh n. GVCN chn ra 2 em i thi vn ngh. Tnh
xc sut 2 em khc phi.
Bi 82. Mt lp c 30 hc sinh, trong c 8 em gii, 15 em kh v 7 em trung bnh. Chn
ngu nhin 3 em i d i hi. Tnh xc sut :
a) C 3 em u l hc sinh gii
b) C t nht 1 hc sinh gii
c) Khng c hc sinh trung bnh.

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