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【新概念物理教程】量子物理(赵凯华)
C@l Py) + (Ply d. = 1, = cose. FGF ABER Py MMW = [CPAP |? = cos’, IAT HEF RP, RAMI = 1 - cos’O = sino. RE, RFS MP RE E/T, = cos’é. 7.2 BOARS HS RERMEA1-BPRRHRRA—F: AMHR P,, RMR PEP, RNA IE Eon OP. A RT) Pb AY ete 2h aR HE ot PD BRT BARE AME SRP IGF ABA HHS ie ie It Fit P Eh AMS (PERG) = CPL oe) Coe | LER) + CP] Cor | LR) = DY Clee! BtiaR) (1.100) © AF HAD RR RPM ET SAT RKC R ONT) PATI ATR EFAS AAERT HRT RAAT) PABA. BME WRT AEH GT ANS ATED REA. RR TT ESO OF BEAAMERNSAOMRLA MLR AR KGAA TOMAR, BIER HERAT. RETAAM. MiG CARER AST RRR PRANK EON FED ce OD,§7. KRABI 43 Sb Ca BAR (| EVARR) SBE RAS DIET AE oy TT PRIWAR ARAN RW CPL ac) CPV) SPUR AEF a. y Ae NR AR SI FSS HS Pr eR ARASH RA BEM EF AB OT AW RIL TT HE PEAR MAL) BYE A, = A cosd5°. Ay = AsindS? AEE 2 0/2 A REE IROL RAD. BERL ME, Re “ (xl) ~ ecos4s° = F. te Cyl IMR) = sin as? = ae. BAHRAIN oh KE AAR 1 P| == i : : = Db led ely. (1.102) . FES Ak |p) IES EM PE PE LS BE EP A AS XREEY, RMT UMAERS , wl Ie) eladlely>+ly A ERR ERY AE NAS” LBM RIES (ele) RREBM TORE Bl. lo) RR REA (inner product)” ] 2 E. FEN Be LF O09 EHS De BE , SPP TE ee HA HE (PAM. Dirac) BMY .© BX PITS MH praket, KAGE WHER PE: bra HM ket, 5} FR PREG BA AEC Bl Mle). bra A ket PX SRE A KA Roe ALA RAB AM KKM FARE GS & (state vector) TEA SRBAHSA( ARB) PURER. SMR EMEC E Axl. Cyl Mle). |y)) ORR BREET eS, ESR WRB AA RAM EMRNR AA, SRAB NAAT MAS fe) (dual space) 41 A 2 22 BF ili % it (a) AF REA AY 6 UE OT, AR BA} A” — A HAH APA GHKATA. EMBRESHM PRRRBAS WW P= (Poe, Fy= (Fe) AORMER RAPA PAGE FRERASL GRRL, OMA CF, Fy) USSR EE EG RP Re OA IE ED At A AR” , 28 I Ms BR ER —- ARR IRA AE a RR SEAT ES 9 BY ERE FE 1.103) AAMC. 104) SRA Rx] A BR f) AST RB FS A EE IG ENN 5 (x1 2) a GD AL YF RMSE BRR BODE, F,) DEAT AM BABE ATT i AS Se” oA WE A A EB Ee wT EK KTABSM PERO Bla), KEE T OO PE: {alA>" = (Bla), (1.106) FR {ala)’ = (ala) = Sem, (1.107) FEIN SB — PBB (1.107) RP ANSE RHE. HERA SiR 1 EH ERE RRA © P.A.M.Dirac, The Principles of Quantum Mechanics. th ed. Oxford University Press, 1956. © REAR WR”87. BRMERSS 45 FER AE RG BL 0 FE & 8 —( orthonormality) AA: O ind, CIE Ste) sede) = Oy = {i tej UA—te) (1-108) oP 3,, Be & FA AMF (Kronecker symbol) 0% MAH ER. RA. BREE IFAC. 103), (1.104) 199 BR, AE AAS AE Jat Ctl = Maxledelereig) = xl) aylel we 4 a = Digledely). (1.109) tex = SORTER aie (lw = Mledtelw = Diiele ely = DVldelp|? so. (1.10) ERODE LF : Ce] go) BF |g) IF HAE |e) ATPL Wi, Cele) |? HRT RRA le) SHE. LAR. Glo? SFR FRELTRAERREMEZ A BEEZ SOD, ETE TBAT HATFRAMEREM MISH, SRMMBLM Fee: (gle) = 1, (1.1) ASR RA EM BNE va 21g) = Aleta. «nny SLAM BY SoC = ol. SRR ATR AY BEAR SEM, TERS ARF OU EMM JR IE EAL A 2.4) SLATE FEA RAS A EE AB A ITAA 3.2) ME SER TL AY PABA a — TO, 5 OH ROKR WA - A. FRERATBH -ik 2) | = GOO. a.113) 14 BRE SEAR KS el AE HR ok — HT SRS AS SHR RE, BGT 00 RAS 8 i) AE 7 IT ITAL oy ER BORA Le) y) WAIN. PGR. BRL) RD FFT, 101) 3K)46 BH SRR SEARED Ik) = Lle)sily), a (1.114) Ik) = Z(1a)-ily)). B 1 slirl-ityl). 8 | (4.145) (hls BieliG! . WR AS |e) | yd BIE — Ay BN Sala) = Cyly> = 1, | Kalu) = Cale) = 0. MW AHEIEIE, | R).1L) eae VIA: (RIR) = (LIL) = 1, \ (RIL) = (LIR) = 0. PFA te A Pe ARS RY LL) ee ORES I x) by) MEM RF: (Ri= (1.116) (1.117) Iz) = 401k) +14), “ (1.118) ly = Ale -1b)). 0 (ele RURIs (LD), 2 (1.119) Cul = BCRI- (LI). —ARIRIR lo.) Hb.) (t= 1,2, --) RABE ERA— BK: Calas) = by, C10, = dy. EMZMHEREAYH lo) = Silad Be ROR Fb IE RA RMP — POT AF oa BA 1 - 320 Bra RARE P,P SE +45° Fy Pt A OO 2 ME At OL A/2 REM ANGRE LIGA RM e JEM 0 36, HBS IA AE ME n/N -45° FR HY PRAIRIE RIS Oa OP, WEG — 45°, Wi $EIG 100% JH. BARA BE ht 2. BK RA PGF. FR TAB BE WFR e HER oKNA KH ar Ly UBT a 1 - 32b PEAR, HEL JF PAPA St ok 09 49 BE DCH HB) AOCAAY ET. PRA FES) iB Rt —45° Bde #6 PA Py’ CEA FO Lk KF WRRS LEAS CORN gs) 2 Rees wR 2 PR 1/2, te oh idS P, Al Py’ AA CB 1/2, RES AB 1/2 x 1/2 + 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/2, 80 50% : ERATRART PARES R Hee RA, 7.7 Fe — AIBA «AS && BAL IBY SE fc — 8h J Am FM a = CPC EEA] oC 6) te REET AEG. BERR REIF (1. 112) AC. 113), Zéecolalycoy = SOLA tyce + (co a AEG = FO WIG - Alyy). 1.127)a7. SRAGERSIA 49 BRE AS OME AT ME EE TE OF YA A mat: Zwinldly(o) = 0. (1.128) SARL RAE, A ETS, Se RM HH Oe LERA FEE, AMS RAT ERER H- 2 f= 2m or HPR-GER SHAH MORE CHERE SPAR CPA RED RAMA EI SEOEREEAE RHR T EE. SW: THKACTARE- RTA I-31), tieie0 [7.4] & fi, A) =o. (1.128) ie Ok ; Zealortilycer) = 0. ta-tyme 7.8 3h BS AD Se AR GES 5 wh hE Me WHAM 33 TRENT, MAU RRA AKAMA. th 5.25 nile a PS PAO i) mE ETAT ae PVA GE AS. 5.3°W BEAN REP ERO LATER A 2 1, EMIS BIER b, AY 204 PGE me 8, tal oe Dod bE AGS MA 6 WRIT ROOF UCR) RES BAP LE RF) ee SP i, ate, Ca TREE, WARFARIN LO. 1 nL AES. A BA EH BRT m KAEEG AMA TOE n IHS (te) 2 08 eS. 3 al t 1 o © a o 5 x o t x o t tle SUA SE ts Hh Za) a — PAE BE (BD A A ED ER RES TA50 Bh CEES EAR MATER UP TENRR RARE SL TPR A RTs SH RAMRARRORE. MEOW MEARE APU A PALA T KAM EIR BPA — 1 ME 5 BY KE — GR(SRE HW) EMDE RRS RAL AMET RR, ER ARE 00 AT AR oe SH ER Eh RERK 0 §8. a AY et ae 8.1 BMAX RK sa AD EI HM — Ep, A A RE Bie SPMD HI MAK SAF, FR RO) a FANG A PPA Ee LBs BD ek TA — Da TE BB AE pe =IS RP IAB, SHEBA HM mR MULE-ABF SAM T Hit—k. eT =-e/T, RY -e WEF RE 89, RUF 1 - 33 By as Al Lf 1f" 2 se af Pag = Z]" Pode Wi- BR eRe T T Me BRT f m.Padt = I a= Hf, " > 2Meto 2m. 1 Im. HY» AMEE. = more HAM CEPR MAS SA MME RIA p = 1S RE m= im (1.129) Sb em SAABT HRA EF RRR & BT MAIL, TEL. 129) REM HAMEL RE AER. A OTE ARM -c/2m, LR KR, TRROA Hr =~ wel/h, xp bee se = 9,2740154 x 10-* I/F (1.130) PRAM A Ht F (Bohr magneton) , bo -F eH 9 BF Ae Ae, YF SE BRR MF RIN. 130) SAE AF me, ESM ry BAT HPMER, FARCRFT PDT ST RRR ARR FARE TT RIT |88. FH AME | 8.2 Bete D-H eS BT Rie Gh HE BT 1h ES, HER (O.Stern) fi fi tt ah (CW. Gerlach) F 1922 4756. 1 F 9 SEO 2 Se UG 9 UU EE i GRIER A AH OD BES, et PR fy wR LE AD AN BH SA EAL SB TA DT Fe He 7 Ue] 9 Ae, A BA Te AR EB Pe ey NE - 34a A A - 34b AR, FEB PO 4 te RE RRIF ia ot BES, HS WG BH, Bt ABR AS - BE FEAR PE 357 EI BUSTER PLE RRR BG. RF FMOIHBTE AHN RAS. “Brat Se ASE fe eR HE RRR RAGE NAY 2,— TAR oR ER RP RS mri: bee, (1.131) SOP p, RGM 2 SP, RF ROP Le BE FBR SA i 3 BE a ah a SB TN) t= Le AEE a = Som CRF RRR ERR PLP EMRE A Hae SLE A EEE ne Be MSs FA 5 OER Bak Hs A 2 A Ds OE HE, BARROS. BREF ERR P LET -RA-EREORB. RANT OBR EH, RBS RRS RBH AD PERRET ny LRM, RRFAOR 2 PR SEARAER—H AR 18 0. 8.3 RF BRE Gn IRF BY os LS A AT | OO Ha A Bl-MRE RAK REE SRR52 BR LHR SRAE RE AO A, EEC. 129) Hh, EL TR FH ORAL = Dk. IR EES LONE SE SEAS. 4) I RL ar SUERR FR me, BRK MMI ELL + | IRE RE MAP a MAR, BRAK IL + 1 = 2, RRA = 1/2. RTH SFE A TRS A EAS AY ABD 1920 SEAR, BA a eI a BB AS TB — RT Ie He, SB RH OY EH BE BT A A A A SUB WZ Sb FU AR OB BP TR” Bt” (spin), PPAR ee BTRRERR.AT AABIRA SEM (G.Ublenbeck) MA AKAECS. A. Goudsmit) 1925 4 4 FF 2 Fe AY, Ae Be wil PA a i ERE E RAST OEP PT GRA AEA RE ASRPRA 12 NEF ARERZE, ERE TAM. BKC. 129) RAHA EME WR pe 2, BEM OH RRS RS FRIEN up. AULT RP RU MT AR AH E BES MARSH Wek t) A-o As RRBF OA RAME we, REAR WA My =~ 2ypa/he. (1.133) FUER AGE BURT A FA SE A Be 0 RE BRE — POF ABE ob CPL AE 3.3 1). I ES JRL — FFL AR BS BR SE FH 8.4 MFA AER EET IAA Th MF BIC RATA OY A BK Rb = rx pM MLM SATE T Pil HT RR. 77) SK AU.78) XR ARAMRRART HS MCN S, RAR NY. HEV ARAARMHAT ME RNCARK, ARAB 6s SMANAR—H LARD SMO, CHL AH Re © ABAPBHRAS MRAF ATR AAL AY UAB EM oh ft sO PUD PRA TPRAGREE ree 28x IO mA IE, HR CARTE A A fi rh RTA i Bc A RE A eo ABA WE 2 A TN a BK a TE a FA RCAPHA SRPLE 827) CHP AROS BN BROS LR CAR.$8. HTH AR 33 C1. 134) a = [s?, 5] = 0, 4.135) sth Bn F482 a2. (4.136) ATM GRR WR ASS PAY SARA IC ARIE T OR NE (1) AMAR PM 8 = 1/2, 8 MATEMH o(o41)R? = 307/45 (2) ARERR FH m, = 21/2, 5, ATEN 2 8/2; (3)2sel=2, MARER-ES, 1+) fale) S, AOTE Se — AR AE BD Blt) =eBl td, | ald) =-Fhad. PFRUENMVERS ARP RAS HERRR NT RSH, S 4; = (i= By, 2), CL. 137) EMMEWUBERH G28y — Gy 0, = 2d., p54 - Geby = ids, (1.138) 6,5, - G5, = 2idys a (67, én] = [6?, *, 6.) -0, (1.139) sor a ee 3, WATE 21CGEH : EI 2), 6? MYA GELED 3, BD Slt>=elt>, Selb) =-1 40s Std = 3lt>, elt) = 314). DORI DEE 1 MUSE Ae De at Ctlel 4) ay: °) Kblalt) Chle)eo) > Mo -17" oe (ctlalt> (Het) 3 oy Chlelt) Celeb oO 3 BATA RUG MTR AS SP ARAESL A TERRE 6, = a2 4 tidy. O, = FRASRE al¥>= lt), a] t> =o.54 BH PRBS EE RUD aD o,= BR ee alt= Gb. eld} =o. = (TIP CMaL YD ~ (2.9) Net) Cela tbat Ver ol (PEIN ted) (° ¢ Celadt) Clad bo)” to 0 a RTC. CRETA (ERR, CU AG FRE. 66,2 @ 4d) - 26,. (esti SFR A ANCA. 109) 302] Bane Pe sk cto oll s)-( Selo S)-ale 5): we cel Po” steal Oo a): 0 ce a cet=4, C= 2. Kili «=(° 4, «-({° 2) 142 0 0. 2 0 TR } 1 1 1 on = x(a. ad=(? o od BULB RIN RNA (a) (FG) Oe = 1 oye : 10 i 0 3X ALE OF Hy 36-41 48 A ( Pauli matrices), AMO TEs S/F StH HO = « RLG.O0 Wet m: Be tare a ALOE (Yeo 4 B10 Lo HALEPHEA. URER DAES SME o, NEARER ARE, wm: KER i AGHA sal, PEM ERY 1 a ipaz(!). SPR sR EM 2 V2 1 2s AE 2 PES 2/3, HI | OM ORE LH AEATTIO(G) PAE 5, FAR AAA s.,89. FEF Sh 35 SU Am, \ @: ats earsemsad(! ). AAR 6 5A ARM R SILI 89. BP ay fae DFA me Tid CL TEA) SC HH BB tte HG 9 AS 9G He TE, SEE Oa He AS OR BIR Ts L [R= Rulw sil, IL) = AUP ~ilyd). TF a RAT eT SEAR AE $6.1 PARE ROOM IE TH Se LAO Wo LA Se LS HE LARIR ar, y) HERE BE — 9 ED RPE RARE. 7)s HOE ADL RR RA, SEE FOO SR AL PW LR TRAE A FEI EOLA HO BY 1 — 35 BRA HERE MBE op FE RURAL 5 5 1 { \z> = cosg|x) + singly>, ly) = - sing! x) + cose] y), SA iT VEE Wie LW a Se HT HE HRI [R= UR + ily (1, tat) - qicosple + singly) - ising! y) + icospty)) "1 = Flay thy, * IB) = e#1R)s cnaay Ye? |? Fue 1Z> = et #1 Lz). (1.143) HT AAME p = Rk, KAR ARR LE ™ HSA OU Wy 1. BRITE EE PE AR, e AGF RA MH RD 2 xp = hr he it é 3) hE Ae AG ARS, AI GF 68 fot ay j-ies, ee FEHR REAG IAS 2 Tr L fh BOY BH dy = lt 8. (1.145) RUS ki Mh RET OW i, = OF56 SR EMER SAAD de = 5- . (1.146) LIRR TEARUL kW Oa 7h RES fot 8, READ BD he = & = -ih an 1.147) WMS Hh GA MRS BE EIN RIES 4 MEN 2h: ih SIZ) = im Pet|L) = ¥AlZ), we -if SIR) = -in aele) =-AlR). BWA |Z) MLD) MAF, MS, MARA, COLE Hs BO OI AS OE A, ROOF ARAB k WOOT AA + kW RICKS AR MEP s = (CEERI FM AREF 1), Bsn? BORE Wy s(s +1) = 2. MARIA, 5, SEMA — PR Ey 0 HOA AE AS SER ERK TAGE AS EEE ARE RAR A ae ROW REA 2.5, OE PAA ARR BAN” BE Bl” AEM CAE RE BP 9. 2 Fe GR A AG BY An RO ER RN FOE RITE HEEB, a {OY f= 1 Re \ RO AEP EC e ) ip FURL ML) A He I BE REIT , HES FEL 6S SS A Me A A Se OR ap, 2 ee ERFAEPE NSM E G21, 2.3.0 HEF. BK j= ARR RTE He AH A LO OH AT a BAR ATT PT EA AM ANT PBA AT ea JOR TEA ETA EDL SILL - 36a FE - 3b. —PFHRRFHEAS 1 ~ 36 We 8 98 SH Ak AB DB va wb 3, AGC A A I et, TH UE At PRT (SRT TB OD) EA Bo 4 ae89. HF OOM Bt 87 Bia, EF BAe 1 RF SE Bas the RD SA A AeA TE SEAM EE IE TP, A eH RR Ah — Poze)? 19 Rv ~— tH Te EE). StF BT SR NT PF ET FRERREN? RNS 0 oR RO BAMEE. ASMA ER (a, yy 2) (-@, -y, -2) PEE RHR: BB. LH SMS OF PRA CH 21 TARGET FERRER P= -1 RED BARB F ER ERE P= 41 9 GE BS HE A WR AEG ELE STD 19 2 SE EP AE CEL PD OP FM DMT BH F (parity). 25 EE Ae EF OF BO fe, P= 1s RRR WANT MORTRA fol, Pos. EMM RAT AN AKE s=1. BAe FERRE MY OL RY 7], BEAN ARM AER kT LORY 8, THEM RM CRATER, AOE A AEH LR 2S, AR GEAR 1 RAS, — HHA PEM SM A RS FFD RA AE O AEM MR MAGA RFS. 9.3 ALG RMS EF BY Ph Bh SE PE ERS S MARC, y, 2) HT SOMPRRA SP 57. RS ACI FOAL WER MO TOR TAF RIT 7G =, HF 41) = 2, OZ, AS PAAELE my = 41.0, -1, PHRMA MER 141) 10) 1-1). EARP EH Bevery 200 1o 0 a 7 ft E(o 3 9} k-(% ° *} 48) we a 0 0 2 a 0-1 SEAR BR OH GF SI LR a Ft XR: dxf =iks, AM LGCRE A ROI F, = Fen ij, MIT MAT 7.1m) = Clmy 2), BBC REE NR IR 8.4 WOR HAL PROD IN AR) BT LL fm INT 1S BA i © -i Oo 1 j } heals ° “| 149)38 SB TBA SR ER ¥2e08d sinde"'* 0 - E singer? 0singe#* U.150) 0 sinde"'® _ cose $10. EFHRA SRK 10. 1 Se PAHS AOE AT HE SRF fe St AR oh ew ST A FG EE A CN. Bohr) 1913 4F 4B HK BY AL ARE CD RF RE RAR, EASE RRR E,. B,. By. CBE 9), GF EE EAS OR TT A RU RS A (2) SRF IERER B,, By ZMK URN RRMA SR oF A AE SK a OH HF AF at Fr = E, ko vs (1.151) LARA RR RRR OP ABE Th POF ARR HE kyT emo (m, NF A) OS KRFSMKFLMR AAA PERM AU ARE SHE SREEAAKER OAR MRF ERM FRA RAED 1916 FAW UR. RT Se EE A = (1) && &4t (spontaneous emission); FERS H Sh EB EF BOTH RF ab ERE BUR BM GRE BR BE Bea GF ae eID — 370.) 2 A OPA BE BYR WD, IE fh B LIF tM Ne: an i ae = AnN:. (1.152) e. 8 fe: & a hn % F, e £ a SRM bg co FRR Bi-wstKtde © A-Einstein, Mitietung der Physihalischen Gesellschaft Zitrich , 18(1916), 47 ~ 62 Physikalische Zeitschrift, (1917), 121-128; PHA: RAM LM. BOW. WHE. QPL. RRR IE. AIR. 1977. 335$10. KTH RS Sou 59 (2) 2H Z At (stimulated emission) : TE SD OR A TADS EFA Ah EER OE, HOR TAR BRB, BK SE, A Ms F 95 AE CALL 1 — 37) Py SERRE HP RT AE BR 4 BON, Ete FARO ASE we) AREAL ER ND: oo ae = ByulvyN;. (4.153) (3) A BAK (stimulated absorbtion) ; Sh EMR AER EHR FRU — PF RES 8, BREAN CB 37e) A MENS «SEAS OR STEP RBS FE GS RE OR EH AE A EN EE ACCENT TF A it ASE AORN, TE ES AE BE eA IRF WEEN: (ia = Buln. CH. 154) (9.152), (1.153). C1. 154) = sR PRO ARE A, By OB, RHE B32 Ro ERIE B,. 2, SAS AREER et a dNy _ {aXe ( wet (at lee = dt fae’ an Ag Ny + By ulv)Ny = Byucvd Ny. A EE i 2 SS 0 OF a u(y) = —*. (1.155) Boy, ~ Bx PP OB Dh EDS RAY ) ERI REE ur Cv) IER Se RT SZ EEA MMF RA A N/N,. MRRP REE ARIAT FC A JS IRM Se 2 BS Nz _ g E;- £ 92 ww: w = Zexp( - a) 7 mehr (1.156) ARAGL. 155) 5X R101 498 5) PLP By SH BE EI G2 Ax Beh at ; MPEAVH STR Ay. By. By ZAMKA, SAMPLE Bg; CO PFS EES v MUR er) QL TORO TA Se Se A AS HE 1.3 PBL - 6) GLA hv / ky T—~ 0, eM POT 1, By AW By Zia AE RR: (1.157) ugly) =60. -S ERAMSRARD By = By. (1158) FRCLAST) RH An/ By err (2) 48 HR fe AR Ph Sh 9 PRS) trv) AL Hv pO/T) ARE FRR uly) = (1.159) ier (1.160) SAT 5 trv) « wR (1.161) ERROR) BRE : ipl v) e “Het, SRA AAC. 19) uly) = Steer MERAY RTT 161) SCE HB HRA OF BA TT tylv) = inte (1.162) 3X EE PE eK AK 127) RR A, BRAS KR RAM EPRI: 5 Sah By = An- (1.163) BL _f $2 BE WEIL 1916 AE Be Be 4) — IU et Be BB ZS A aE RE EH F REP ERRHRLET AK RMR” MS. SRA FH ALEBE LEK RNS PERG RRS, MACE HM BAG HF ARRESTS BOR RK 3X BEBO T HG 69 1G AO TRY AB PIE HE 20 BH eB ACA) Gy SR 2 OSL. HOME GSR SEO LE OR BI PCD ROM) ABA. LF Re SUR UAT RE ER “Me” ALITA? BRA laser, Ee “Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation” i941 "P 4 F 8 — PF 1 RAY BS , A OY Re" FASB OS HT EAT A” 0 ® OTL , Be BA WEIL Uh AO" ME ET © ERA CORA Et E118) Sh) PE ERAS. © ARMAS, SRE RE FE AC Te Ce th EE 1988 FRB ILR 66 4~6$10. FAR AT él WESLEY BUG BE, BRE SR A TE RE) FETE 24 40 EZ ATMO E F 20 2 ARH RT Mite YF 20 EK. Ee FED LATE LAR SE AMAT eR AE EA BE BT) SB BVA My AE Ut BE Re AOE RR A tO PIAL KAR RAS HE Te AEE, FEE Sh HE. TLL RET RR We EA A TE Bs FA 0 A ET A AY J PE Heels BEST AU ad TE HE Sb a Av SE 2 IH a PS 2 Be We FE A wn PAG AR A SO 9b CH as Ha) SE a HF HE AT JE BT 6. AF AE a te FB BE TR DT Re BA A SE SRRKARM— POUR. CMR RRM RATE ETE TOR DF REEF 10 ES. FRA SRB FF TEE 16 WR Ft GT EFAS MARA.25): 8xv? gy aay BSUAAAA 9) TEFS ST ETELA c TOCF STHT MRE hy DARE wv) = gly) nhy = “ne (1.164) € JACL.A52) AOCL. 153) DOA Bp BF EE A BO Bu) A REAR RHA Ay. LRT, BAW A. BRB LARA 3h(1.163) BARB. . By u(y) = 22 ° (1.152) RVR AT, Ne TRF AR AE Ay Ny, BD An RR TRFH RR ANE, (1.153) RHRRIIN, TRF ME MRR Boy UCv) Ny BD Bay Cv) ACA TRF A SE BAB (1. 165) KARAT. BARMAN ni ME TRIMER MEH BD ulv)+ Aye (ne Dan. WR (RAHAT HET RUA OB) OME IDE PCO 1). SM BAE n PHF TRA nO n + 1 BCE P(m ne 1). SRL POO 1) RRA RAH A), Pn ns DEBATE E SF HAH n+ 1 MB: Planned = (n+ POD. (1. 166) EGR F REA: HeAEPHERETSPCBHT n tht AT RRM KPAFNARE MMA RAAF IAT nol fo, Byn = nA. (1.165)62 SF LER MSES Re ANTES BOBS Bi Re EES EEF EPEAT n PAT APRRH PAF HILAR SOMA HS OA LT AT nal He 10.2 CF OF ERM R A BHA PATA AT ROKR AEM POR Re PEFELBEDS PHT, SHETENKFRR TAA SER, EMR RTE, RH TICE 2, HREM n = 0. 1, 20, MAIER Faln) = 10) 1012) 0+ Be nin) = nln. (1.167) EACMAERR TAFE RRA MEH: (nlal an’) = rbyy. (1.168) n NERA 0 9 0 0 o 10 0 n=!0 0 2 0 1.169) 0 0 0 3 LRCHET RYPKFA-—TEA nTHFAMORFS LOREM EFVi +1. SREREE LARA RA: - TAFE RMT A FW REBEL ARTE) SRG HES SE | OER eG FBT EE PRT EGF n> eo) EL. ft ZF SE FE? AMR AW $4 BS THUR AAA” HRA EMA RBA 7! MERA TAS AWARE FERRE (EUR AE A RR ESSE. A AT OST Fs EAT AO TE FH (8 AS 9 OO AE GE IE. Sa" Ho RRR MRE HAPMAP ARM RE PER a! EMF MALES | n> 2B) (+1) EN FORA RE @ GREK EDS | ne) ERM | 1) ERLE ER AT ORR RIAA { a'|n> = Cln+t), ain) = C'le-1), AP CAC ALAR BRR LERNER ELT nel OE, BE CMR Aa * atin) = /msilneld, (1.170)Bll, FASE ARM 63 (nellatin) = Vaal (1.171) few EAC KSES A. o ARIE (nlalnsl) = Snel. BERS ool Sn. a Sten-1, x (n-tlaln> = vn, (1.172) any = Val n-D, (1.173) APA L RAG tH AGS ETE OO. a? Fl a BOSE TES oo 0 8 o vi o a “i 0 0 0 0 42 0 aslo 4 0 0 @-lo 60 0 ff o 0 8 0 o 0 0 0 (1.174) FEET a! HEME (1. 185) RE: aaln) = Jhat|n-1) = xin, (1.175) FUL. 167) RECENT Eth OTTER ata RAFAT aa=n. (1.176) ERC @ HEPA. 170) KLE: aat|n) = /aelalnel> = (n+i)| n>, 1.177) ROFL OUIRA oat AMF x + ls aat = vel. «1.178) SACL176) UCL 178) BRAT a! A a HT ER lat, a] = aa - aatet. 41.179) HRA a’ a he MBER: {tee (1,180) (n, a] = (1.181) (1.179) SHB EE A TR BE OR KR 180) HA. 181) RIAU EE eR ae HR OER. SBR LSA TH ER AT, ROK SEM at, a RR UB KR1179) RHB IE Ln am ata, MTC Bh ETHER AOE RE ROA BY 42) A HE ER AT ARS. $l. HFA FERREDE ABS MET ASODRE RAR SEE RIER TE 164 Sk TRAM SEER EARS BES MBAR MASA A OE (RBA AR AE 1 AHS EE, OE ER F 77) RRR SR WHR ABRAMS MEE RSA ADEM ET AE A) Se DE Ut 4 Sh IO EAB It BRREO STARCH ORB ERICH BET ih UREA UE GR RF JE 9 HE A BR ZA, FSS A — 28 a EY DE (DF HTAFHRHCRE AMMA FT ARH PRR WE. REE particle, 23 U2 TREE A”. POR FS HEATED Fae ARE TRE. BHT A TON (corpuscle)” #2 — RAB ARS AMR LE. REE. aE. ah B,WREOAES BT ASE TRE RH TR HE BBM AER. OR AES ARH CHA, PMR BO PES FRE 1 — Ae YD OC BO) Awe FL. FAS MRSA RARE BHM AONE ALE 1B AE (2) HASRES MEER ARE dynamical variable, BH MIME EE”. KA LORRAIN”. TA SE BE BO Ee a ERS MBM iG AS BR F Oy fe AT LB TIED B li Me AL By HH EB BF] AN GQ)ETe CRT AS PHNEL-THATSE BE-EBYNSREW BER", FRE (109 GE (Be Re — PE ee Fo PE OTH —PRFEAR EEN RB 6 CK AD RRAAMARN RR MRES. ERRORS + OBR RORE RAS SB eS Bes HE Wy SHS A ST MT SO A a ( aS SC TE BO) TAB NR ST RET AE — PTE I Se BATA SE AA A Dy SOY PNT A OS] MMEAR TWH BRE. O SHAH RFAEHRAMS. 1: BSR PMI. 190. BORERR 11.2 BRAB UD ERBAFREAE FE-PE MARHE EG KEE RNB A RAHN REE OA A OTE D Alep) = cdg. @ Ay + fy) = Ayy + Ayr. HH c BRET RM. Go. dp FARR. TE EATERY RD RR TK EB A (2) REAR RA AME ER ER RATHASCHASRAME EL. MEGETELY HRA Ath & hk aS. GB) SHRRARAET A YH PHBA ROBART EMT WE AHORA HAP FE GRA AMA RAN GE AE fit a, MRM AR ay) MRF ATG A— RRC: AF A SFIS Aly) HAE: A= , FH A GEM EA LAE RRR MEER, MERAH BRIER. 3) MERR EEAUDHELRMAMAERRE: Ie = Dal ad-nind, a= aa PER atin) = Sast luo, AKRH alm) = Sa Int HBR: ata- aaa). B48 1-1, RSTO K FHT OE MAREE. RARE RED RAHA? 1-2, SPY AOE BEN A PRE URL A AR A PRO CMO MMAM ADAM? 1-3. ARERAKS PMY MR ME KH 11000°C. HERRERA RES ng 1-4. fib FA PR AS RT KARA RE SR TE ORE ane nmmR, 1 ~ S$. MUR — FAP 8 BD eT We A ET SE68 Sa THEM HS RARE AHR PEC = 6000 1%) FESR BG ACRE BAO KS ACA A AARNE PRIA i A AT PR RR 1 6. FERN 1 ~ 12 9 Se AR Re EE A PS ob EE A TE PA PRE Vy HE CHA APE AMEA NEAT AES 1 = 7. Sa FR ZOE AY ARM 0) YH a FA EA 2 ee ee 1-9. FOE EB OES I Ls HAC 20V) C4. SOV). (4.2 eV), (2.5eV}, B(2.3eV), WFR Be ARF TO FEA Ee ee A? 1 = 10. 8) AFA Y SG 93 fe i Pe it SES 7 Va, eee MK do FL ATR DIE IR AT HEHE AT L- 12. SASHA CUS BTHERRLAHRE REDS Se ET CHARA RHR? RF. & a Fe ot PR eB EF By BS Pa Fa AR EB) He 1-1 FERRER AS eH TCM Te 4.3 8) FO NES Jian as PT ARR a JAG Bi, PEP FO Beh 1-13 A SUA RR BA AR AR AYIA RS I 8 EE PMTEAA R 1-14, SA PHFD E TUMORS SK KART FER RA NRK i RAF ACM SDF ARI AP A eb BPE — HE hab PR A BPE 1-18, HARE 40g, BK s50m/s TOA ILI A 16. EER FAY SUA AMAL? EO ee RE OA Re CP ERE) RS TRE oh pee, 1-17, RET, HORNE St SRS, — PRE a ST Ae ae EAE HE BE BD anne AAU EWI vy, By < oy < 0/2, FE HS AAR 1 FT a 3 a SPAMS HR A TT AS a BU Er a. RAT Cb) Fads 9S ee mG FA BB Cera Chey B48 ev 27 Ey DHE 27 42) SADE Oe TA. ota ees nek eee BREK 1 17BAe 69 VA — iD A ATE AR LIE T — 1h A RR A fe BR wey 1-18, BEAR OG RE RA GT ORI HZ a (BR SABC te RATT AB BB Hs TA DY RP AR 96 -F 9H OT PI AA MPT TE OB A RA SRW BI Ae TER BA YT OS 5 EB Pa ARP IRA] TL a = 19. BRAG BRI 7S SS A A 9 FR A A PE AL HY IR aE A PIG HEATT A ANE AE AE SALE A SDF aR BYR OAS ELLA BAAN? 1 20, HAA FE EA RIE EH HEM hw FH a A IE HEROS RFE OT a Re 1-21, RANG SAAR ARB: 1) ERT TIMES RB ARK 39 (2) 36 9-H VB MS I FO EL a LE a HC HR ATER Poa FR RL MY EAE Ot, WR Hs FAD HAE IOV. > 1-22, MASSE BRAS TA TSN. BRED pm SE FRM FH RR > eV A HER? 1-23, ES NIE— TE oF BA RUE WO: axa=0. FAERIE MET) Rar p i= hx p) DHRRA BKB. 1-2, BED PARR ER (ar o)a-0) = a’ ERENEP a DRAM MO, PROM 1-25, 5.3 BE TM ER me TAR 2 BSD CHG an, BEA ITD ED) TEAS 7 APE AD me = O89 GE (ALE A Ae PAT — EF Ne A aA TR Feo SNE TA BA ce ob AE NR 1-6. (UR - BRM ARI SO RTA SHAR RRS 2 Me DEES Boe aed La 27, MP RE 1 REF METS MAE 10, 1 (EFORCE Ay) EA — Ie NS As EO BE = i AMERY BEIGE A TR AE A EIU LR 39) 2-7 x +t 0 eoAmMy| +1 | o | -t | +i) oO <1 | +t Ln 4 | V2 v4 V2 a V2 va atlas (1) FEF TE UI EO NE Me)70 Ss Sea BER GRE o AE A tes Bt A + RRS (2) BIE oI BBE OTE TE y PN EST RE 1 RR a Fal sh LE oe Jy Dob BE Ht, PU DD 1 Se oh GO) PAE MOAR EY -1. RELA TAMA AR AHA -1 RR Fete ch NEE A Be BRA + 1 OMB SD? 1-2. LEP MRE T Be BTA! it tok Be EBS PH 7s Bee SRE, HE of Ot Re AB AUR HE BS, Hl —- YR KEK BRM. SF RM AS eR EH SREB. AREY 1 BRIE RT RBA— vA. A BE MOA SR 41.0, -1 = KER RF i LB HRT i ES SIVA SVMF ARE, SHR 1-28 WRK TB ORT RR TOBE Ie FE RD eT i —RULRED AERA b OF REA RM OH eT FP OABM CHR. HST LAME REREK, 21 IVDESRRE AH. HE LORE y DA. SFR 1A RS RBS 1S ESE OO FO EY REM. AIL OMT 1 RS, BEAR EI, WAR y IO. +1 SY ALF UE ACR 3S, BU RE oe PR - 1.0. 4 1 ORE BT ALTAR BF BH Sa fol 9? 1-29. R84 PRONG HERO PS = Oe Te RIS CLIO). 1-30. SOR RAE te ER TE RRS AO ME RN SE wR fF iS — 097 FL 9] LR BGT EO +e Ant RODE, 2 AIR TA a fee BE. ERR IG PRO BT Ob A — PE Ae PI PIEEIO RCSA Me AREA 2 mem 1-30 Ae 1-3. CEES MEATS TERA PM TT EAT Ree ATE PF a9 AME 1/2, LE AR HR TY RE 1/2, BORO OI — BT ERI — RE FO ER BR) aBe nn ABT ARE TRIS? RE STAR TF AS DAE HD? 1-32. WHHL RSM ORMAR DARA MR. F Rei as = 1 BY SPRERABORE ARM: RRR RR. i 1 iy tpe> tor = FR(r singe (°| 9 0° |p0> yo = - RU }c080 1 6 ° 1 7 = ERCr singe Ip-) cs BR ° ; To 0 ¥ 1g 000 00-1 - 010 iy Hstne 2 ry a zg 1( sing & + cotdeosy 3) flea o10 . 0-10 fy | (cose 3 + coring 2) al 3 o io . oo 0 : ontr( & + toot 3) Ya 1 0 4 e190 010 Y2)0 0 | ooo 100 - alot : oo4 ALMA RREN TATA, Sip rele — 2) Ely» -Glped 0 Epo) (a) SperaBipm (3) E1poraVilp-) 6) Flp-) = 0 1-3. KHER DEF RRE FAT ARR? 1-34. DEASEARSRC).174) BB ataen, aatensl.72 RE TRAMSRARM a 8 T= 0. CL) AS oe Sp BBE Be Fe C16) ah AE RE EEC 17) 1-2. KAR CRED ee OS EE A AM) 1.94 eal/(em?+min) , FARBER 29 9 1.50 x 10° lem, A 09 fF £3 35 0.00465 rad, Fix He SRA TRAM 1-3. RERA FEBS A. = 650.0 nm, AOR RE RE Ay i EHR Lm ee BE MARAT Ange BBP? 1 4. REA Pk RBS AR BE TKR 1) SS FSR ae HK (2) AR TREE T tv BST 1-5. ARO AAEM Me - SEAS KE os Akg IS chk, [ee fF4-8) 1~ 6. AAPA RAE ES b = 0.2041 ho/ ka. (BER: eT 4 A/S = 1 ANHE A we = 4,965.1 1-7. MSRP — Te FTE EB 2. 3 eV. CL) EBB A = 680.0 nim BIE BGP JE RY (2) SA a TE 2 BY ARIE OK te BBY? 1 8. FRAG 2 200.0 nm £9 9 ALBIS AB SERRA — A 4.2eV, idle: (> ST RAS F ABE Bob? (2) SER EA ELF ERE Bee (3) MRE Be? (4) BHR LR AED? (5) SU AE FR BE 2.0 Wein? , A fT) A A OP Se FRO eae 1-9. PARAMS a = 491. Onm iH, RETEST HOTIV. SH EASE AEACDS SOM EE 1.43 VLA A BPA BP? 1-10, AES PU IE WR ERE PO tH Agr 5} FEE MID RF OR SPAR AgBr Sh-F BY 5 09 MAME BRIS 99 10-7, SR RIE BS CK FR OIE FE BRIER). 1-11, — PEAR AE RE Ah F 6000K AE ESE LAL IY FEE O10 mm, ITE BEY MAL Bs AHR AK HE 550.0~ 551.0 nm 2M) NI Ht FR. 1 12. APESERL BH 1340 Wein? 8998 Of Ot FE BF A OSE 09 JO aR RTL3 6 73 SOLA BE BF 99 EE WY 550.0 ne OR REE OK BE 1-13, CEDAR AR FF TE A BO HB 28 the 2 550.0 nun AY OT LIE BS, £8 EF Bs 100 CH RA AS, Stl MME Bob 7 DH 1d. EE ATR BE IE Nile eft NFR A LF Th OP GF ESR RM LN RRS bt A= 15. C1. 37) BO (1.38) SORE SE Hs RA aR IR A 05 A PH AK 1.39), 1 — 26, BREOD FRE EMA ch 5 MR ao Sh A EY AN EE MER ZT a Ey aa 2Ac sin'( 4/2} EO" X+ON ~ Xa 2agsiv(o2)” RP Ac = h/ mec AUR MIE 9 MILAM 1 - 17. 1-17. FH: D BRK A 0.100 new Ay XARA: @ MICs Peet EAD OE HE Fy 0.0188 nun BY 7 BPR PA AS EM AS AST 90 ARTY Od Ze SAL. LEAR AD 1) BRE LR RE ob (2) FR eb F BY hE? (3) ASD 36 BeMEBT & AE GE MA Ft ZL 1 18. FeV fb seh “od pladde = 1 OR C150) at RE Be I A a = Cra). 1-19, BHF 60.52) SC a mY p Be SR BY OC p) a RIS — fi, BD fcc cipap = 1. 1 = 20, FCT. 56) 3 Bele ratyaiar SOW —F (1.53) KONE WaT = 0/2. 1-2, APE x, DMARD TAC) ABBR (pp) = Wa, Bao ® ar (pape = [9 d= po Wwe, SP p = -ikd/de. p RAE = = [7 e- Cw y- po)? CC) dp. 1-22. -TRFASHHR SHEER? MAE ROO) LRA ES AE RA OME PE 1902 [Pe ty] = 388. Cy = 12d DUTEMIM Ty — i, WD) +B, BBM. 1-23, BCH. p RRP re chess ek WP:74 SE LES HA 2 a xm being. ys dain. Boor Fethv, z a a> Benge. 1-24. EMBL. p). 1-25. iE . ip. Fir)] --ikvF(r), Rb Cr) Br OER BM 1-26. iE . (LF, F(p)] = in v,Fip), Ah Ply) p BEB. 1-27. FRADE PEER r HOMO M 2, = ph Ro -p BERD Eb p Sr TMS WEARER ASH MEET HEH p, OE LEME: ~ Afi rie brew f(y b+ tp}. zm. dee -i(Z et), @ Ge A= im. 1 28, BETES fe i AD A EB ACL. 77) TE AD 7B) IN, A- 29. RUE RH [it] <0 @ fi peo. KT HRA. 1 - 30. EMA: rs “ prisixp = 2ikp. 1-3 EM PEL EP LOM p Es ip 0. 1-32, AERA DPR TO 4 Pv, APR KANTO BORA CEA HH POR ER RDS HE Rs PE A A Ti HH 1-33. RF A RET 2D ay = VR7m IRR FOE RO AOR ME OT Bol E) = Apee?. ie) = 2A, ce, $48) = 24,028 - Det, RPS = (fra h) as. REIT Ay. A, A, IP OOF Boe [7 gil Aytaerde, (n= 0.1.2.)a 75 1-34. HEE Bich ane FOS A OT Ob He 2-98. MOAR or) AL) PARTE HE 245° PRED RAS BO EAL |) Al y) WRI. 1-36. EAT 2) ML) WARE) fy) RF. 2-37. UAL 2 ANS) a A eB LL IR) 1-38. MULT AMS 1 OAR AR 2B 1-35 [on (rea [" jena t(!). w= 4(') laya(?). UAL yx > WER las) RE. elas) PRAM y FRET REAR. CNS A MER Seb RH IAR be 1-39. CMAMTR I = MMR I METH. J. 7 ORERH 1 teoa(9). 0 1 1 o wei) jta(i 1 ' ° ined(‘a}, In 412] tzr0(0). 1 -1 1 MULL ae) All 20) HBR ye) Al yO MIF. Elo) Myo? Me I, PMT OEE CNS AHMERSO? FIBERS? 1-40, FIT OR TSK TS (conherent state): la} = fm. ee RP a) MEME WARS oc R-THR, MER, TARA RA GK GE &. Kh RRERNED? 1-41. REPRE TO RRP RF O18 ETT OTS RRS D4) SUP oy RGR FB A fi ews FRE 7 1-42. READ RRP RRC ES HOF YL.Bue RARK DADA BOERS BORO RT RARER AME RRA LEMAR T RA ABER AEAD BATHE, AE AER AS FE EES FOIA AUR ED FASE HE SD REI ARALAA REE LOMERRAF AM F RS THE Ae BIE Mh ER TT A 2 fh) A BRR SIMMOG MAME. MET RARSAAATER, FN ETE PREGA IADR ULE Ae AA ABE KIL EREMHAAPENSKECASAHRKEAASE ARH CHRER RAB. - SRRERK 1 A RE SF ABC FE S96 hE TE Fy HR AD SB ETRAORRAN BER (AMNFRANS LESH 117), CE BE Sw EF SB WRC A Sk HR KH PP OR RE AR HGR YO) RRRAMET SE WHER RTA in Z1y(o) = Ald). (2.0 AUR BEBE RIA— BHF) F = 1, 2, YD) EAL [etn = Rlaalyco = BG's. RP G = Sflge ty. RAD Rae in 21 yc) = SHIP HCO). WAR RL RR: in Zcslec? = = REGAL ECO), Ey in = uC (2.2) RY Ay = ilaly). (2.3) RPRRERAREARERAR TOA LAI GREENE wT A RATE RARE 1 AN 2, FANE SR ma )= (ie dle): a8)Sb. FMA AS nn SRE RTE RAR SAH) LR EH EER, te SPE ER Te BE Wn Fe AT Tite 0 HE | A> CB = 1, WD) RUSE ee a eA ER {aos EB, l1), AIM) = £411). HGR EAR MARE He ERD. HP ATE AD IE EA Fy, = (@}Al@) = Bd... (ap = 1,0) (2.5) AS BOF HEH Hk BE SA Pe LSE 9 Ay, Ain B, 0 wae wait lo a)” (2-6) EMER MEE RR fs WHE TF ee NT RK Ay Mo) _ PiTha) ( o yee Me) Hy Hl NTH Try/N 0 By \ Tuy Baal” Jeep Ta = SBID. Th = . 12) 89 VR, BB(2.8) RSE Felpeceh, BERG! MARA ERMMT (2.10) HK. BOT RATER (2. 8) HG CC, AOR: 1 igle) = 1 Cc = Fgh Ort Oy Cy = TC, - 6.) (2.1) BRT HAE tg OB OB BR 1G (2.92) PID CLC) = 6,00) HAREM, (2.12) ECO) REWER R EWR HR. (A211) exer = Ele torerterarns o.(ernnn, x(t) = zl COE" F-OUM_ C(Q)EnKEE DRY HULSAT UE C(t) SESE. RGAE. C(t) M1 C(t) RAR. RARE 1 OntReeh Fm C, A, BO (2.13) C0) = Fle + E.)]= 1, 6x0) = FLE,(0) - C.@)] = 01 ante €.@) = €.0) = 1B ARA.13) 88 Gxt) = e*%”Meos AE, A (2.14) C(t) = fe 'Fot/Msin SE, EAB RAL FS 1. 2 SAD I P(e) = |O2)|? = cost At, (2.15) P(t) = |6.(2)|? = sie AE. WEEP, Py AAT I) Ee OO we A 2-2 A EE 2 A PTE AS 1 M2 SRR TEENY RP HOE SRB RM, Oe ENT a 2 BAX AAMS ER (PMA RRA LATS KOM). H80 Roe MSR LUV DIR 1 RZ DIE 2 A RR 1 MS TR, HR? MI ha. at RATA, #1 A Ae BY 2 OY LG OTH I LER 25M Cae 1 PO 2 Rok a 1 SENS BU HF BERR ZAR. aR eS TSS ME BATTER S52 Et OA Ee EL, B22 7) Pa Hie a AYE ABER) BIH (Hy Ey tA) ORATOR EA OR, AS AC2.10) RE 2) FSR FSP RE BL A HI Bm I He TR Rk Ee AOR TE FIR Re — NE SY a AS A HC PT (1 LB HS. GRATE ES BE EH AG A RE ABC. 1S) AD RADARS NE P(t) = 1- (ay, Pit) (44), (2.16) WER RAR, AL/R)? BT REPRE 1 ORE, RE ERARE 2 MB RA, AK TEMP A 1, 2 SR BRI, Ah et EB) RFRKLORER. 1.3 RAF AHR” KPTCHRSHDERK ANTE TAT, FRI — THEOAF CREE POF RAKSVRREFMAMLE WS — TERS SAVE IF 1 AB SE SE Ht BA A oF ah EE AE AG Se 09 FeMS: FRCCH.) ZiR(CH) wee ERCHW) ECC RISA FR CHa. MPRA ZARA BE, CRAM SRRFRS BA ARAL” oF RR EIR Ol FL 120° FB , AE$1. SORSRR 81 = 6 BOE He EG AB EN AR AE A YO OE BE (Cg Hy2) 0 RRFZARABAAH, BTURBAS. ROMA T ES (C,H,), sty kA F an ID " SORe OH [2> 8 ra Wet Nt Ne Net Bnet vo We oy Be SooeNN ah t 4 CWCCHD REM (CH) (CH) HPP F BE CLC CH) BA TS SL, A OR AE MRE OSA AT PR DH — PGR RE BM TPO CoHo), HMO bs TAT. WRC SBR F Bl 6 PARP 3 TRB BLT FE ( Op Hy ) 0 AE AB FR i AEE OA SF RA — A RFR | Mee (A) kd + mol"! 3953.0 Ree FR as 3786.6 ew 3301.6 Hi PAT HR , (3953.0 - 3786.6)kJ/mol = 166.4 kJ/mol, RRR PMS PAGO BE BR BLT TE , BER 3 PU PE EERE HE 166.4 kJ/mol x 3 = 499.2 KJ / mol 3 FE AA FE FE 53 FE BE AR Be PR) 8 (3953.0 - 499.2) kJ/mol = 3453.8 kJ/ tml, 0 BD ar HE PD ARPS Hh SR LBL S177 3301.6 kI/mol, He fei HE SALE #6 (3453.8 — 3301.6) kJ/mol = 152.2 kJ/mol. HEB AMAR 5S RAFAH RRB. MMR MeL bn eT BOL i RH SS ET oN FE OP a 3 RO THRE ELE PEOMS A! REN RB LY F fi HAY 3453.8 kJ/mol). HZ AER - ANE FROM T RAT 08 PEE SE He (% A ky n) CM AIEY Foe A AUR RA TB MAREN BoA, RET A. ik URERE T SRIF BE BE PE PEAG 152. 2 kJ/mol 938 SE Abe RIE AS ABP HE MOH SE RAE” ae SRR AR”. 1.2 HRT tt SH HE AY TT Oe DR. ER HH Re a a ESN REL — CMMBRBES, AREAS ZRH — PB82 Roe DR EK IN ARRAY MR A TEAS CE RC FAS) GLEE MLAKGCRL ES, FER TET SOE SE PC OT RH: REE TA A ROA He HS {OL REMAIN OR MELT EL Rin — Hwee VTS RANE Rn ee ALA FES A AR AH AOE A, ROL OD SLED 0 HEE HO BE RA AB TLS fA PEARL BLL SR” SO AG” FB 5M MRO ATL eT i aw CTE aK OR Ei OR IG DFR Wreererrr ery GEA RT TE OS NN ND RR, CETTE Fob LA. Hh — A A UF JL 2 3 HR A (magenta) MAGS FA HT, CRONE ME BO FAT SF EE AERA RAR RETA a OS ci. SER BARE AAR ER BT OOS eS |1) AI). CATA HE, OAPI WS SE OO RE FEM ABE SE ERR, BET Ree BE Hm eh By By A ABS OG RE BS A IR Q) 1 led = lb 2129). GER HE 2A ATER MCA RR K,210 H2-3 SERNA HEARS kd/mol 2e43 . FARES A 304.4 kJ/mol. Fl 5 98 Bd AES BY DE, PEA ORELRRK AD RTRHSZEPNEER CPLR BNE Fy BUA eZ aL G9 0 EE Hs FF RE oy (BAL SF SE tr ASA] BY BB SS FE Hs A EA SA EK SEE, AA TIT BBS AS RE AF GE BNE HR Mi BEA AY RS BN A BSG 5 SBR tt AE i BH A 3 AR ARS ZB DL 2 Be EY BURL Sh FREE AE 2A HY Sr FT AE A RS St ah SELMA, DEER ABM RS BE A RA BEHRAGEF BLED FT PRR SIEM EE. RTE A, 130) © RFRSUE) AH 6.2 THAR OM G8.$1. SHRRS RH 83 (EHS 19 HE A HE AL A, — BB Ye —— oh R( malachite green) HA Ti HS mh MBM, REPT WRF CH eT. FAB FE LR AL BT BO FRR EE 8 BD TE RO OG SHEAR RED MRA. Ba aw 15 BSF RF BLE RAD RTCH Sh — PA SRS AF — APPR Fo BRL at BH be BS HE AT aR AS HE TE EY. AR A LB HER EAT FE te FE 19 Hb sede RA TS Fae RF BBR Te a EAE AC BR AS A A A oe 2 KO 0 EL. HE 1926 SEE TORAH ATU SE BE FB 1 A — SEE Be 0 Ae BR EE PREROMBT FH ORE BARB LS AR ROME BF HE Be KSA DRE BT RRLFRARLARTRM, CER ye FO HESR A 27 Bb A LY STH, HAP RR TAR. TART HERE R RF) Pe Fh, RAAT TA A, AATHROSMAE-TOAF RRARAF RF HY CMSB TAF. THT RR BIG Hy BF PONT RF a, bRE-THT, RRTES PICS eR? RN FEAT RFR RE TT i , SLOT LT AP hE oP AR AS: TRE aA. HT # b AD FB AN 2 - 4 AR PV XT AR ASP BIS HE ba) Ail). BCAA fem Ey. Skat. aeFa FE GARE SFE A TB] A, ~~ PARE AA PRE. TES 1.2 RAAT B24 RFONT EHR SE BW, Ufa), (b>) Hee Hy? WS eRA HRA PRM:
= Db led ely. (1.102) . FES Ak |p) IES EM PE PE LS BE EP A AS XREEY, RMT UMAERS , wl Ie) eladlely>+ly A ERR ERY AE NAS” LBM RIES (ele) RREBM TORE Bl. lo) RR REA (inner product)” ] 2 E. FEN Be LF O09 EHS De BE , SPP TE ee HA HE (PAM. Dirac) BMY .© BX PITS MH praket, KAGE WHER PE: bra HM ket, 5} FR PREG BA AEC Bl Mle). bra A ket PX SRE A KA Roe ALA RAB AM KKM FARE GS & (state vector) TEA SRBAHSA( ARB) PURER. SMR EMEC E Axl. Cyl Mle). |y)) ORR BREET eS, ESR WRB AA RAM EMRNR AA, SRAB NAAT MAS fe) (dual space) 41 A 2 22 BF ili % it (a) AF REA AY 6 UE OT, AR BA} A” — A HAH APA GHKATA. EMBRESHM PRRRBAS WW P= (Poe, Fy= (Fe) AORMER RAPA PAGE FRERASL GRRL, OMA CF, Fy) USSR EE EG RP Re OA IE ED At A AR” , 28 I Ms BR ER —- ARR IRA AE a RR SEAT ES 9 BY ERE FE 1.103) AAMC. 104) SRA Rx] A BR f) AST RB FS A EE IG ENN 5 (x1 2) a GD AL YF RMSE BRR BODE, F,) DEAT AM BABE ATT i AS Se” oA WE A A EB Ee wT EK KTABSM PERO Bla), KEE T OO PE: {alA>" = (Bla), (1.106) FR {ala)’ = (ala) = Sem, (1.107) FEIN SB — PBB (1.107) RP ANSE RHE. HERA SiR 1 EH ERE RRA © P.A.M.Dirac, The Principles of Quantum Mechanics. th ed. Oxford University Press, 1956. © REAR WR”87. BRMERSS 45 FER AE RG BL 0 FE & 8 —( orthonormality) AA: O ind, CIE Ste) sede) = Oy = {i tej UA—te) (1-108) oP 3,, Be & FA AMF (Kronecker symbol) 0% MAH ER. RA. BREE IFAC. 103), (1.104) 199 BR, AE AAS AE Jat Ctl = Maxledelereig) = xl) aylel we 4 a = Digledely). (1.109) tex = SORTER aie (lw = Mledtelw = Diiele ely = DVldelp|? so. (1.10) ERODE LF : Ce] go) BF |g) IF HAE |e) ATPL Wi, Cele) |? HRT RRA le) SHE. LAR. Glo? SFR FRELTRAERREMEZ A BEEZ SOD, ETE TBAT HATFRAMEREM MISH, SRMMBLM Fee: (gle) = 1, (1.1) ASR RA EM BNE va 21g) = Aleta. «nny SLAM BY SoC = ol. SRR ATR AY BEAR SEM, TERS ARF OU EMM JR IE EAL A 2.4) SLATE FEA RAS A EE AB A ITAA 3.2) ME SER TL AY PABA a — TO, 5 OH ROKR WA - A. FRERATBH -ik 2) | = GOO. a.113) 14 BRE SEAR KS el AE HR ok — HT SRS AS SHR RE, BGT 00 RAS 8 i) AE 7 IT ITAL oy ER BORA Le) y) WAIN. PGR. BRL) RD FFT, 101) 3K)46 BH SRR SEARED Ik) = Lle)sily), a (1.114) Ik) = Z(1a)-ily)). B 1 slirl-ityl). 8 | (4.145) (hls BieliG! . WR AS |e) | yd BIE — Ay BN Sala) = Cyly> = 1, | Kalu) = Cale) = 0. MW AHEIEIE, | R).1L) eae VIA: (RIR) = (LIL) = 1, \ (RIL) = (LIR) = 0. PFA te A Pe ARS RY LL) ee ORES I x) by) MEM RF: (Ri= (1.116) (1.117) Iz) = 401k) +14), “ (1.118) ly = Ale -1b)). 0 (ele RURIs (LD), 2 (1.119) Cul = BCRI- (LI). —ARIRIR lo.) Hb.) (t= 1,2, --) RABE ERA— BK: Calas) = by, C10, = dy. EMZMHEREAYH lo) = Silad Be ROR Fb IE RA RMP — POT AF oa BA 1 - 320 Bra RARE P,P SE +45° Fy Pt A OO 2 ME At OL A/2 REM ANGRE LIGA RM e JEM 0 36, HBS IA AE ME n/N -45° FR HY PRAIRIE RIS Oa OP, WEG — 45°, Wi $EIG 100% JH. BARA BE ht 2. BK RA PGF. FR TAB BE WFR e HER oKNA KH ar Ly UBT a 1 - 32b PEAR, HEL JF PAPA St ok 09 49 BE DCH HB) AOCAAY ET. PRA FES) iB Rt —45° Bde #6 PA Py’ CEA FO Lk KF WRRS LEAS CORN gs) 2 Rees wR 2 PR 1/2, te oh idS P, Al Py’ AA CB 1/2, RES AB 1/2 x 1/2 + 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/2, 80 50% : ERATRART PARES R Hee RA, 7.7 Fe — AIBA «AS && BAL IBY SE fc — 8h J Am FM a = CPC EEA] oC 6) te REET AEG. BERR REIF (1. 112) AC. 113), Zéecolalycoy = SOLA tyce + (co a AEG = FO WIG - Alyy). 1.127)a7. SRAGERSIA 49 BRE AS OME AT ME EE TE OF YA A mat: Zwinldly(o) = 0. (1.128) SARL RAE, A ETS, Se RM HH Oe LERA FEE, AMS RAT ERER H- 2 f= 2m or HPR-GER SHAH MORE CHERE SPAR CPA RED RAMA EI SEOEREEAE RHR T EE. SW: THKACTARE- RTA I-31), tieie0 [7.4] & fi, A) =o. (1.128) ie Ok ; Zealortilycer) = 0. ta-tyme 7.8 3h BS AD Se AR GES 5 wh hE Me WHAM 33 TRENT, MAU RRA AKAMA. th 5.25 nile a PS PAO i) mE ETAT ae PVA GE AS. 5.3°W BEAN REP ERO LATER A 2 1, EMIS BIER b, AY 204 PGE me 8, tal oe Dod bE AGS MA 6 WRIT ROOF UCR) RES BAP LE RF) ee SP i, ate, Ca TREE, WARFARIN LO. 1 nL AES. A BA EH BRT m KAEEG AMA TOE n IHS (te) 2 08 eS. 3 al t 1 o © a o 5 x o t x o t tle SUA SE ts Hh Za) a — PAE BE (BD A A ED ER RES TA50 Bh CEES EAR MATER UP TENRR RARE SL TPR A RTs SH RAMRARRORE. MEOW MEARE APU A PALA T KAM EIR BPA — 1 ME 5 BY KE — GR(SRE HW) EMDE RRS RAL AMET RR, ER ARE 00 AT AR oe SH ER Eh RERK 0 §8. a AY et ae 8.1 BMAX RK sa AD EI HM — Ep, A A RE Bie SPMD HI MAK SAF, FR RO) a FANG A PPA Ee LBs BD ek TA — Da TE BB AE pe =IS RP IAB, SHEBA HM mR MULE-ABF SAM T Hit—k. eT =-e/T, RY -e WEF RE 89, RUF 1 - 33 By as Al Lf 1f" 2 se af Pag = Z]" Pode Wi- BR eRe T T Me BRT f m.Padt = I a= Hf, " > 2Meto 2m. 1 Im. HY» AMEE. = more HAM CEPR MAS SA MME RIA p = 1S RE m= im (1.129) Sb em SAABT HRA EF RRR & BT MAIL, TEL. 129) REM HAMEL RE AER. A OTE ARM -c/2m, LR KR, TRROA Hr =~ wel/h, xp bee se = 9,2740154 x 10-* I/F (1.130) PRAM A Ht F (Bohr magneton) , bo -F eH 9 BF Ae Ae, YF SE BRR MF RIN. 130) SAE AF me, ESM ry BAT HPMER, FARCRFT PDT ST RRR ARR FARE TT RIT |88. FH AME | 8.2 Bete D-H eS BT Rie Gh HE BT 1h ES, HER (O.Stern) fi fi tt ah (CW. Gerlach) F 1922 4756. 1 F 9 SEO 2 Se UG 9 UU EE i GRIER A AH OD BES, et PR fy wR LE AD AN BH SA EAL SB TA DT Fe He 7 Ue] 9 Ae, A BA Te AR EB Pe ey NE - 34a A A - 34b AR, FEB PO 4 te RE RRIF ia ot BES, HS WG BH, Bt ABR AS - BE FEAR PE 357 EI BUSTER PLE RRR BG. RF FMOIHBTE AHN RAS. “Brat Se ASE fe eR HE RRR RAGE NAY 2,— TAR oR ER RP RS mri: bee, (1.131) SOP p, RGM 2 SP, RF ROP Le BE FBR SA i 3 BE a ah a SB TN) t= Le AEE a = Som CRF RRR ERR PLP EMRE A Hae SLE A EEE ne Be MSs FA 5 OER Bak Hs A 2 A Ds OE HE, BARROS. BREF ERR P LET -RA-EREORB. RANT OBR EH, RBS RRS RBH AD PERRET ny LRM, RRFAOR 2 PR SEARAER—H AR 18 0. 8.3 RF BRE Gn IRF BY os LS A AT | OO Ha A Bl-MRE RAK REE SRR52 BR LHR SRAE RE AO A, EEC. 129) Hh, EL TR FH ORAL = Dk. IR EES LONE SE SEAS. 4) I RL ar SUERR FR me, BRK MMI ELL + | IRE RE MAP a MAR, BRAK IL + 1 = 2, RRA = 1/2. RTH SFE A TRS A EAS AY ABD 1920 SEAR, BA a eI a BB AS TB — RT Ie He, SB RH OY EH BE BT A A A A SUB WZ Sb FU AR OB BP TR” Bt” (spin), PPAR ee BTRRERR.AT AABIRA SEM (G.Ublenbeck) MA AKAECS. A. Goudsmit) 1925 4 4 FF 2 Fe AY, Ae Be wil PA a i ERE E RAST OEP PT GRA AEA RE ASRPRA 12 NEF ARERZE, ERE TAM. BKC. 129) RAHA EME WR pe 2, BEM OH RRS RS FRIEN up. AULT RP RU MT AR AH E BES MARSH Wek t) A-o As RRBF OA RAME we, REAR WA My =~ 2ypa/he. (1.133) FUER AGE BURT A FA SE A Be 0 RE BRE — POF ABE ob CPL AE 3.3 1). I ES JRL — FFL AR BS BR SE FH 8.4 MFA AER EET IAA Th MF BIC RATA OY A BK Rb = rx pM MLM SATE T Pil HT RR. 77) SK AU.78) XR ARAMRRART HS MCN S, RAR NY. HEV ARAARMHAT ME RNCARK, ARAB 6s SMANAR—H LARD SMO, CHL AH Re © ABAPBHRAS MRAF ATR AAL AY UAB EM oh ft sO PUD PRA TPRAGREE ree 28x IO mA IE, HR CARTE A A fi rh RTA i Bc A RE A eo ABA WE 2 A TN a BK a TE a FA RCAPHA SRPLE 827) CHP AROS BN BROS LR CAR.$8. HTH AR 33 C1. 134) a = [s?, 5] = 0, 4.135) sth Bn F482 a2. (4.136) ATM GRR WR ASS PAY SARA IC ARIE T OR NE (1) AMAR PM 8 = 1/2, 8 MATEMH o(o41)R? = 307/45 (2) ARERR FH m, = 21/2, 5, ATEN 2 8/2; (3)2sel=2, MARER-ES, 1+) fale) S, AOTE Se — AR AE BD Blt) =eBl td, | ald) =-Fhad. PFRUENMVERS ARP RAS HERRR NT RSH, S 4; = (i= By, 2), CL. 137) EMMEWUBERH G28y — Gy 0, = 2d., p54 - Geby = ids, (1.138) 6,5, - G5, = 2idys a (67, én] = [6?, *, 6.) -0, (1.139) sor a ee 3, WATE 21CGEH : EI 2), 6? MYA GELED 3, BD Slt>=elt>, Selb) =-1 40s Std = 3lt>, elt) = 314). DORI DEE 1 MUSE Ae De at Ctlel 4) ay: °) Kblalt) Chle)eo) > Mo -17" oe (ctlalt> (Het) 3 oy Chlelt) Celeb oO 3 BATA RUG MTR AS SP ARAESL A TERRE 6, = a2 4 tidy. O, = FRASRE al¥>= lt), a] t> =o.54 BH PRBS EE RUD aD o,= BR ee alt= Gb. eld} =o. = (TIP CMaL YD ~ (2.9) Net) Cela tbat Ver ol (PEIN ted) (° ¢ Celadt) Clad bo)” to 0 a RTC. CRETA (ERR, CU AG FRE. 66,2 @ 4d) - 26,. (esti SFR A ANCA. 109) 302] Bane Pe sk cto oll s)-( Selo S)-ale 5): we cel Po” steal Oo a): 0 ce a cet=4, C= 2. Kili «=(° 4, «-({° 2) 142 0 0. 2 0 TR } 1 1 1 on = x(a. ad=(? o od BULB RIN RNA (a) (FG) Oe = 1 oye : 10 i 0 3X ALE OF Hy 36-41 48 A ( Pauli matrices), AMO TEs S/F StH HO = « RLG.O0 Wet m: Be tare a ALOE (Yeo 4 B10 Lo HALEPHEA. URER DAES SME o, NEARER ARE, wm: KER i AGHA sal, PEM ERY 1 a ipaz(!). SPR sR EM 2 V2 1 2s AE 2 PES 2/3, HI | OM ORE LH AEATTIO(G) PAE 5, FAR AAA s.,89. FEF Sh 35 SU Am, \ @: ats earsemsad(! ). AAR 6 5A ARM R SILI 89. BP ay fae DFA me Tid CL TEA) SC HH BB tte HG 9 AS 9G He TE, SEE Oa He AS OR BIR Ts L [R= Rulw sil, IL) = AUP ~ilyd). TF a RAT eT SEAR AE $6.1 PARE ROOM IE TH Se LAO Wo LA Se LS HE LARIR ar, y) HERE BE — 9 ED RPE RARE. 7)s HOE ADL RR RA, SEE FOO SR AL PW LR TRAE A FEI EOLA HO BY 1 — 35 BRA HERE MBE op FE RURAL 5 5 1 { \z> = cosg|x) + singly>, ly) = - sing! x) + cose] y), SA iT VEE Wie LW a Se HT HE HRI [R= UR + ily (1, tat) - qicosple + singly) - ising! y) + icospty)) "1 = Flay thy, * IB) = e#1R)s cnaay Ye? |? Fue 1Z> = et #1 Lz). (1.143) HT AAME p = Rk, KAR ARR LE ™ HSA OU Wy 1. BRITE EE PE AR, e AGF RA MH RD 2 xp = hr he it é 3) hE Ae AG ARS, AI GF 68 fot ay j-ies, ee FEHR REAG IAS 2 Tr L fh BOY BH dy = lt 8. (1.145) RUS ki Mh RET OW i, = OF56 SR EMER SAAD de = 5- . (1.146) LIRR TEARUL kW Oa 7h RES fot 8, READ BD he = & = -ih an 1.147) WMS Hh GA MRS BE EIN RIES 4 MEN 2h: ih SIZ) = im Pet|L) = ¥AlZ), we -if SIR) = -in aele) =-AlR). BWA |Z) MLD) MAF, MS, MARA, COLE Hs BO OI AS OE A, ROOF ARAB k WOOT AA + kW RICKS AR MEP s = (CEERI FM AREF 1), Bsn? BORE Wy s(s +1) = 2. MARIA, 5, SEMA — PR Ey 0 HOA AE AS SER ERK TAGE AS EEE ARE RAR A ae ROW REA 2.5, OE PAA ARR BAN” BE Bl” AEM CAE RE BP 9. 2 Fe GR A AG BY An RO ER RN FOE RITE HEEB, a {OY f= 1 Re \ RO AEP EC e ) ip FURL ML) A He I BE REIT , HES FEL 6S SS A Me A A Se OR ap, 2 ee ERFAEPE NSM E G21, 2.3.0 HEF. BK j= ARR RTE He AH A LO OH AT a BAR ATT PT EA AM ANT PBA AT ea JOR TEA ETA EDL SILL - 36a FE - 3b. —PFHRRFHEAS 1 ~ 36 We 8 98 SH Ak AB DB va wb 3, AGC A A I et, TH UE At PRT (SRT TB OD) EA Bo 4 ae89. HF OOM Bt 87 Bia, EF BAe 1 RF SE Bas the RD SA A AeA TE SEAM EE IE TP, A eH RR Ah — Poze)? 19 Rv ~— tH Te EE). StF BT SR NT PF ET FRERREN? RNS 0 oR RO BAMEE. ASMA ER (a, yy 2) (-@, -y, -2) PEE RHR: BB. LH SMS OF PRA CH 21 TARGET FERRER P= -1 RED BARB F ER ERE P= 41 9 GE BS HE A WR AEG ELE STD 19 2 SE EP AE CEL PD OP FM DMT BH F (parity). 25 EE Ae EF OF BO fe, P= 1s RRR WANT MORTRA fol, Pos. EMM RAT AN AKE s=1. BAe FERRE MY OL RY 7], BEAN ARM AER kT LORY 8, THEM RM CRATER, AOE A AEH LR 2S, AR GEAR 1 RAS, — HHA PEM SM A RS FFD RA AE O AEM MR MAGA RFS. 9.3 ALG RMS EF BY Ph Bh SE PE ERS S MARC, y, 2) HT SOMPRRA SP 57. RS ACI FOAL WER MO TOR TAF RIT 7G =, HF 41) = 2, OZ, AS PAAELE my = 41.0, -1, PHRMA MER 141) 10) 1-1). EARP EH Bevery 200 1o 0 a 7 ft E(o 3 9} k-(% ° *} 48) we a 0 0 2 a 0-1 SEAR BR OH GF SI LR a Ft XR: dxf =iks, AM LGCRE A ROI F, = Fen ij, MIT MAT 7.1m) = Clmy 2), BBC REE NR IR 8.4 WOR HAL PROD IN AR) BT LL fm INT 1S BA i © -i Oo 1 j } heals ° “| 149)38 SB TBA SR ER ¥2e08d sinde"'* 0 - E singer? 0singe#* U.150) 0 sinde"'® _ cose $10. EFHRA SRK 10. 1 Se PAHS AOE AT HE SRF fe St AR oh ew ST A FG EE A CN. Bohr) 1913 4F 4B HK BY AL ARE CD RF RE RAR, EASE RRR E,. B,. By. CBE 9), GF EE EAS OR TT A RU RS A (2) SRF IERER B,, By ZMK URN RRMA SR oF A AE SK a OH HF AF at Fr = E, ko vs (1.151) LARA RR RRR OP ABE Th POF ARR HE kyT emo (m, NF A) OS KRFSMKFLMR AAA PERM AU ARE SHE SREEAAKER OAR MRF ERM FRA RAED 1916 FAW UR. RT Se EE A = (1) && &4t (spontaneous emission); FERS H Sh EB EF BOTH RF ab ERE BUR BM GRE BR BE Bea GF ae eID — 370.) 2 A OPA BE BYR WD, IE fh B LIF tM Ne: an i ae = AnN:. (1.152) e. 8 fe: & a hn % F, e £ a SRM bg co FRR Bi-wstKtde © A-Einstein, Mitietung der Physihalischen Gesellschaft Zitrich , 18(1916), 47 ~ 62 Physikalische Zeitschrift, (1917), 121-128; PHA: RAM LM. BOW. WHE. QPL. RRR IE. AIR. 1977. 335$10. KTH RS Sou 59 (2) 2H Z At (stimulated emission) : TE SD OR A TADS EFA Ah EER OE, HOR TAR BRB, BK SE, A Ms F 95 AE CALL 1 — 37) Py SERRE HP RT AE BR 4 BON, Ete FARO ASE we) AREAL ER ND: oo ae = ByulvyN;. (4.153) (3) A BAK (stimulated absorbtion) ; Sh EMR AER EHR FRU — PF RES 8, BREAN CB 37e) A MENS «SEAS OR STEP RBS FE GS RE OR EH AE A EN EE ACCENT TF A it ASE AORN, TE ES AE BE eA IRF WEEN: (ia = Buln. CH. 154) (9.152), (1.153). C1. 154) = sR PRO ARE A, By OB, RHE B32 Ro ERIE B,. 2, SAS AREER et a dNy _ {aXe ( wet (at lee = dt fae’ an Ag Ny + By ulv)Ny = Byucvd Ny. A EE i 2 SS 0 OF a u(y) = —*. (1.155) Boy, ~ Bx PP OB Dh EDS RAY ) ERI REE ur Cv) IER Se RT SZ EEA MMF RA A N/N,. MRRP REE ARIAT FC A JS IRM Se 2 BS Nz _ g E;- £ 92 ww: w = Zexp( - a) 7 mehr (1.156) ARAGL. 155) 5X R101 498 5) PLP By SH BE EI G2 Ax Beh at ; MPEAVH STR Ay. By. By ZAMKA, SAMPLE Bg; CO PFS EES v MUR er) QL TORO TA Se Se A AS HE 1.3 PBL - 6) GLA hv / ky T—~ 0, eM POT 1, By AW By Zia AE RR: (1.157) ugly) =60. -S ERAMSRARD By = By. (1158) FRCLAST) RH An/ By err (2) 48 HR fe AR Ph Sh 9 PRS) trv) AL Hv pO/T) ARE FRR uly) = (1.159) ier (1.160) SAT 5 trv) « wR (1.161) ERROR) BRE : ipl v) e “Het, SRA AAC. 19) uly) = Steer MERAY RTT 161) SCE HB HRA OF BA TT tylv) = inte (1.162) 3X EE PE eK AK 127) RR A, BRAS KR RAM EPRI: 5 Sah By = An- (1.163) BL _f $2 BE WEIL 1916 AE Be Be 4) — IU et Be BB ZS A aE RE EH F REP ERRHRLET AK RMR” MS. SRA FH ALEBE LEK RNS PERG RRS, MACE HM BAG HF ARRESTS BOR RK 3X BEBO T HG 69 1G AO TRY AB PIE HE 20 BH eB ACA) Gy SR 2 OSL. HOME GSR SEO LE OR BI PCD ROM) ABA. LF Re SUR UAT RE ER “Me” ALITA? BRA laser, Ee “Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation” i941 "P 4 F 8 — PF 1 RAY BS , A OY Re" FASB OS HT EAT A” 0 ® OTL , Be BA WEIL Uh AO" ME ET © ERA CORA Et E118) Sh) PE ERAS. © ARMAS, SRE RE FE AC Te Ce th EE 1988 FRB ILR 66 4~6$10. FAR AT él WESLEY BUG BE, BRE SR A TE RE) FETE 24 40 EZ ATMO E F 20 2 ARH RT Mite YF 20 EK. Ee FED LATE LAR SE AMAT eR AE EA BE BT) SB BVA My AE Ut BE Re AOE RR A tO PIAL KAR RAS HE Te AEE, FEE Sh HE. TLL RET RR We EA A TE Bs FA 0 A ET A AY J PE Heels BEST AU ad TE HE Sb a Av SE 2 IH a PS 2 Be We FE A wn PAG AR A SO 9b CH as Ha) SE a HF HE AT JE BT 6. AF AE a te FB BE TR DT Re BA A SE SRRKARM— POUR. CMR RRM RATE ETE TOR DF REEF 10 ES. FRA SRB FF TEE 16 WR Ft GT EFAS MARA.25): 8xv? gy aay BSUAAAA 9) TEFS ST ETELA c TOCF STHT MRE hy DARE wv) = gly) nhy = “ne (1.164) € JACL.A52) AOCL. 153) DOA Bp BF EE A BO Bu) A REAR RHA Ay. LRT, BAW A. BRB LARA 3h(1.163) BARB. . By u(y) = 22 ° (1.152) RVR AT, Ne TRF AR AE Ay Ny, BD An RR TRFH RR ANE, (1.153) RHRRIIN, TRF ME MRR Boy UCv) Ny BD Bay Cv) ACA TRF A SE BAB (1. 165) KARAT. BARMAN ni ME TRIMER MEH BD ulv)+ Aye (ne Dan. WR (RAHAT HET RUA OB) OME IDE PCO 1). SM BAE n PHF TRA nO n + 1 BCE P(m ne 1). SRL POO 1) RRA RAH A), Pn ns DEBATE E SF HAH n+ 1 MB: Planned = (n+ POD. (1. 166) EGR F REA: HeAEPHERETSPCBHT n tht AT RRM KPAFNARE MMA RAAF IAT nol fo, Byn = nA. (1.165)62 SF LER MSES Re ANTES BOBS Bi Re EES EEF EPEAT n PAT APRRH PAF HILAR SOMA HS OA LT AT nal He 10.2 CF OF ERM R A BHA PATA AT ROKR AEM POR Re PEFELBEDS PHT, SHETENKFRR TAA SER, EMR RTE, RH TICE 2, HREM n = 0. 1, 20, MAIER Faln) = 10) 1012) 0+ Be nin) = nln. (1.167) EACMAERR TAFE RRA MEH: (nlal an’) = rbyy. (1.168) n NERA 0 9 0 0 o 10 0 n=!0 0 2 0 1.169) 0 0 0 3 LRCHET RYPKFA-—TEA nTHFAMORFS LOREM EFVi +1. SREREE LARA RA: - TAFE RMT A FW REBEL ARTE) SRG HES SE | OER eG FBT EE PRT EGF n> eo) EL. ft ZF SE FE? AMR AW $4 BS THUR AAA” HRA EMA RBA 7! MERA TAS AWARE FERRE (EUR AE A RR ESSE. A AT OST Fs EAT AO TE FH (8 AS 9 OO AE GE IE. Sa" Ho RRR MRE HAPMAP ARM RE PER a! EMF MALES | n> 2B) (+1) EN FORA RE @ GREK EDS | ne) ERM | 1) ERLE ER AT ORR RIAA { a'|n> = Cln+t), ain) = C'le-1), AP CAC ALAR BRR LERNER ELT nel OE, BE CMR Aa * atin) = /msilneld, (1.170)Bll, FASE ARM 63 (nellatin) = Vaal (1.171) few EAC KSES A. o ARIE (nlalnsl) = Snel. BERS ool Sn. a Sten-1, x (n-tlaln> = vn, (1.172) any = Val n-D, (1.173) APA L RAG tH AGS ETE OO. a? Fl a BOSE TES oo 0 8 o vi o a “i 0 0 0 0 42 0 aslo 4 0 0 @-lo 60 0 ff o 0 8 0 o 0 0 0 (1.174) FEET a! HEME (1. 185) RE: aaln) = Jhat|n-1) = xin, (1.175) FUL. 167) RECENT Eth OTTER ata RAFAT aa=n. (1.176) ERC @ HEPA. 170) KLE: aat|n) = /aelalnel> = (n+i)| n>, 1.177) ROFL OUIRA oat AMF x + ls aat = vel. «1.178) SACL176) UCL 178) BRAT a! A a HT ER lat, a] = aa - aatet. 41.179) HRA a’ a he MBER: {tee (1,180) (n, a] = (1.181) (1.179) SHB EE A TR BE OR KR 180) HA. 181) RIAU EE eR ae HR OER. SBR LSA TH ER AT, ROK SEM at, a RR UB KR1179) RHB IE Ln am ata, MTC Bh ETHER AOE RE ROA BY 42) A HE ER AT ARS. $l. HFA FERREDE ABS MET ASODRE RAR SEE RIER TE 164 Sk TRAM SEER EARS BES MBAR MASA A OE (RBA AR AE 1 AHS EE, OE ER F 77) RRR SR WHR ABRAMS MEE RSA ADEM ET AE A) Se DE Ut 4 Sh IO EAB It BRREO STARCH ORB ERICH BET ih UREA UE GR RF JE 9 HE A BR ZA, FSS A — 28 a EY DE (DF HTAFHRHCRE AMMA FT ARH PRR WE. REE particle, 23 U2 TREE A”. POR FS HEATED Fae ARE TRE. BHT A TON (corpuscle)” #2 — RAB ARS AMR LE. REE. aE. ah B,WREOAES BT ASE TRE RH TR HE BBM AER. OR AES ARH CHA, PMR BO PES FRE 1 — Ae YD OC BO) Awe FL. FAS MRSA RARE BHM AONE ALE 1B AE (2) HASRES MEER ARE dynamical variable, BH MIME EE”. KA LORRAIN”. TA SE BE BO Ee a ERS MBM iG AS BR F Oy fe AT LB TIED B li Me AL By HH EB BF] AN GQ)ETe CRT AS PHNEL-THATSE BE-EBYNSREW BER", FRE (109 GE (Be Re — PE ee Fo PE OTH —PRFEAR EEN RB 6 CK AD RRAAMARN RR MRES. ERRORS + OBR RORE RAS SB eS Bes HE Wy SHS A ST MT SO A a ( aS SC TE BO) TAB NR ST RET AE — PTE I Se BATA SE AA A Dy SOY PNT A OS] MMEAR TWH BRE. O SHAH RFAEHRAMS. 1: BSR PMI. 190. BORERR 11.2 BRAB UD ERBAFREAE FE-PE MARHE EG KEE RNB A RAHN REE OA A OTE D Alep) = cdg. @ Ay + fy) = Ayy + Ayr. HH c BRET RM. Go. dp FARR. TE EATERY RD RR TK EB A (2) REAR RA AME ER ER RATHASCHASRAME EL. MEGETELY HRA Ath & hk aS. GB) SHRRARAET A YH PHBA ROBART EMT WE AHORA HAP FE GRA AMA RAN GE AE fit a, MRM AR ay) MRF ATG A— RRC: AF A SFIS Aly) HAE: A= , FH A GEM EA LAE RRR MEER, MERAH BRIER. 3) MERR EEAUDHELRMAMAERRE: Ie = Dal ad-nind, a= aa PER atin) = Sast luo, AKRH alm) = Sa Int HBR: ata- aaa). B48 1-1, RSTO K FHT OE MAREE. RARE RED RAHA? 1-2, SPY AOE BEN A PRE URL A AR A PRO CMO MMAM ADAM? 1-3. ARERAKS PMY MR ME KH 11000°C. HERRERA RES ng 1-4. fib FA PR AS RT KARA RE SR TE ORE ane nmmR, 1 ~ S$. MUR — FAP 8 BD eT We A ET SE68 Sa THEM HS RARE AHR PEC = 6000 1%) FESR BG ACRE BAO KS ACA A AARNE PRIA i A AT PR RR 1 6. FERN 1 ~ 12 9 Se AR Re EE A PS ob EE A TE PA PRE Vy HE CHA APE AMEA NEAT AES 1 = 7. Sa FR ZOE AY ARM 0) YH a FA EA 2 ee ee 1-9. FOE EB OES I Ls HAC 20V) C4. SOV). (4.2 eV), (2.5eV}, B(2.3eV), WFR Be ARF TO FEA Ee ee A? 1 = 10. 8) AFA Y SG 93 fe i Pe it SES 7 Va, eee MK do FL ATR DIE IR AT HEHE AT L- 12. SASHA CUS BTHERRLAHRE REDS Se ET CHARA RHR? RF. & a Fe ot PR eB EF By BS Pa Fa AR EB) He 1-1 FERRER AS eH TCM Te 4.3 8) FO NES Jian as PT ARR a JAG Bi, PEP FO Beh 1-13 A SUA RR BA AR AR AYIA RS I 8 EE PMTEAA R 1-14, SA PHFD E TUMORS SK KART FER RA NRK i RAF ACM SDF ARI AP A eb BPE — HE hab PR A BPE 1-18, HARE 40g, BK s50m/s TOA ILI A 16. EER FAY SUA AMAL? EO ee RE OA Re CP ERE) RS TRE oh pee, 1-17, RET, HORNE St SRS, — PRE a ST Ae ae EAE HE BE BD anne AAU EWI vy, By < oy < 0/2, FE HS AAR 1 FT a 3 a SPAMS HR A TT AS a BU Er a. RAT Cb) Fads 9S ee mG FA BB Cera Chey B48 ev 27 Ey DHE 27 42) SADE Oe TA. ota ees nek eee BREK 1 17BAe 69 VA — iD A ATE AR LIE T — 1h A RR A fe BR wey 1-18, BEAR OG RE RA GT ORI HZ a (BR SABC te RATT AB BB Hs TA DY RP AR 96 -F 9H OT PI AA MPT TE OB A RA SRW BI Ae TER BA YT OS 5 EB Pa ARP IRA] TL a = 19. BRAG BRI 7S SS A A 9 FR A A PE AL HY IR aE A PIG HEATT A ANE AE AE SALE A SDF aR BYR OAS ELLA BAAN? 1 20, HAA FE EA RIE EH HEM hw FH a A IE HEROS RFE OT a Re 1-21, RANG SAAR ARB: 1) ERT TIMES RB ARK 39 (2) 36 9-H VB MS I FO EL a LE a HC HR ATER Poa FR RL MY EAE Ot, WR Hs FAD HAE IOV. > 1-22, MASSE BRAS TA TSN. BRED pm SE FRM FH RR > eV A HER? 1-23, ES NIE— TE oF BA RUE WO: axa=0. FAERIE MET) Rar p i= hx p) DHRRA BKB. 1-2, BED PARR ER (ar o)a-0) = a’ ERENEP a DRAM MO, PROM 1-25, 5.3 BE TM ER me TAR 2 BSD CHG an, BEA ITD ED) TEAS 7 APE AD me = O89 GE (ALE A Ae PAT — EF Ne A aA TR Feo SNE TA BA ce ob AE NR 1-6. (UR - BRM ARI SO RTA SHAR RRS 2 Me DEES Boe aed La 27, MP RE 1 REF METS MAE 10, 1 (EFORCE Ay) EA — Ie NS As EO BE = i AMERY BEIGE A TR AE A EIU LR 39) 2-7 x +t 0 eoAmMy| +1 | o | -t | +i) oO <1 | +t Ln 4 | V2 v4 V2 a V2 va atlas (1) FEF TE UI EO NE Me)70 Ss Sea BER GRE o AE A tes Bt A + RRS (2) BIE oI BBE OTE TE y PN EST RE 1 RR a Fal sh LE oe Jy Dob BE Ht, PU DD 1 Se oh GO) PAE MOAR EY -1. RELA TAMA AR AHA -1 RR Fete ch NEE A Be BRA + 1 OMB SD? 1-2. LEP MRE T Be BTA! it tok Be EBS PH 7s Bee SRE, HE of Ot Re AB AUR HE BS, Hl —- YR KEK BRM. SF RM AS eR EH SREB. AREY 1 BRIE RT RBA— vA. A BE MOA SR 41.0, -1 = KER RF i LB HRT i ES SIVA SVMF ARE, SHR 1-28 WRK TB ORT RR TOBE Ie FE RD eT i —RULRED AERA b OF REA RM OH eT FP OABM CHR. HST LAME REREK, 21 IVDESRRE AH. HE LORE y DA. SFR 1A RS RBS 1S ESE OO FO EY REM. AIL OMT 1 RS, BEAR EI, WAR y IO. +1 SY ALF UE ACR 3S, BU RE oe PR - 1.0. 4 1 ORE BT ALTAR BF BH Sa fol 9? 1-29. R84 PRONG HERO PS = Oe Te RIS CLIO). 1-30. SOR RAE te ER TE RRS AO ME RN SE wR fF iS — 097 FL 9] LR BGT EO +e Ant RODE, 2 AIR TA a fee BE. ERR IG PRO BT Ob A — PE Ae PI PIEEIO RCSA Me AREA 2 mem 1-30 Ae 1-3. CEES MEATS TERA PM TT EAT Ree ATE PF a9 AME 1/2, LE AR HR TY RE 1/2, BORO OI — BT ERI — RE FO ER BR) aBe nn ABT ARE TRIS? RE STAR TF AS DAE HD? 1-32. WHHL RSM ORMAR DARA MR. F Rei as = 1 BY SPRERABORE ARM: RRR RR. i 1 iy tpe> tor = FR(r singe (°| 9 0° |p0> yo = - RU }c080 1 6 ° 1 7 = ERCr singe Ip-) cs BR ° ; To 0 ¥ 1g 000 00-1 - 010 iy Hstne 2 ry a zg 1( sing & + cotdeosy 3) flea o10 . 0-10 fy | (cose 3 + coring 2) al 3 o io . oo 0 : ontr( & + toot 3) Ya 1 0 4 e190 010 Y2)0 0 | ooo 100 - alot : oo4 ALMA RREN TATA, Sip rele — 2) Ely» -Glped 0 Epo) (a) SperaBipm (3) E1poraVilp-) 6) Flp-) = 0 1-3. KHER DEF RRE FAT ARR? 1-34. DEASEARSRC).174) BB ataen, aatensl.72 RE TRAMSRARM a 8 T= 0. CL) AS oe Sp BBE Be Fe C16) ah AE RE EEC 17) 1-2. KAR CRED ee OS EE A AM) 1.94 eal/(em?+min) , FARBER 29 9 1.50 x 10° lem, A 09 fF £3 35 0.00465 rad, Fix He SRA TRAM 1-3. RERA FEBS A. = 650.0 nm, AOR RE RE Ay i EHR Lm ee BE MARAT Ange BBP? 1 4. REA Pk RBS AR BE TKR 1) SS FSR ae HK (2) AR TREE T tv BST 1-5. ARO AAEM Me - SEAS KE os Akg IS chk, [ee fF4-8) 1~ 6. AAPA RAE ES b = 0.2041 ho/ ka. (BER: eT 4 A/S = 1 ANHE A we = 4,965.1 1-7. MSRP — Te FTE EB 2. 3 eV. CL) EBB A = 680.0 nim BIE BGP JE RY (2) SA a TE 2 BY ARIE OK te BBY? 1 8. FRAG 2 200.0 nm £9 9 ALBIS AB SERRA — A 4.2eV, idle: (> ST RAS F ABE Bob? (2) SER EA ELF ERE Bee (3) MRE Be? (4) BHR LR AED? (5) SU AE FR BE 2.0 Wein? , A fT) A A OP Se FRO eae 1-9. PARAMS a = 491. Onm iH, RETEST HOTIV. SH EASE AEACDS SOM EE 1.43 VLA A BPA BP? 1-10, AES PU IE WR ERE PO tH Agr 5} FEE MID RF OR SPAR AgBr Sh-F BY 5 09 MAME BRIS 99 10-7, SR RIE BS CK FR OIE FE BRIER). 1-11, — PEAR AE RE Ah F 6000K AE ESE LAL IY FEE O10 mm, ITE BEY MAL Bs AHR AK HE 550.0~ 551.0 nm 2M) NI Ht FR. 1 12. APESERL BH 1340 Wein? 8998 Of Ot FE BF A OSE 09 JO aR RTL3 6 73 SOLA BE BF 99 EE WY 550.0 ne OR REE OK BE 1-13, CEDAR AR FF TE A BO HB 28 the 2 550.0 nun AY OT LIE BS, £8 EF Bs 100 CH RA AS, Stl MME Bob 7 DH 1d. EE ATR BE IE Nile eft NFR A LF Th OP GF ESR RM LN RRS bt A= 15. C1. 37) BO (1.38) SORE SE Hs RA aR IR A 05 A PH AK 1.39), 1 — 26, BREOD FRE EMA ch 5 MR ao Sh A EY AN EE MER ZT a Ey aa 2Ac sin'( 4/2} EO" X+ON ~ Xa 2agsiv(o2)” RP Ac = h/ mec AUR MIE 9 MILAM 1 - 17. 1-17. FH: D BRK A 0.100 new Ay XARA: @ MICs Peet EAD OE HE Fy 0.0188 nun BY 7 BPR PA AS EM AS AST 90 ARTY Od Ze SAL. LEAR AD 1) BRE LR RE ob (2) FR eb F BY hE? (3) ASD 36 BeMEBT & AE GE MA Ft ZL 1 18. FeV fb seh “od pladde = 1 OR C150) at RE Be I A a = Cra). 1-19, BHF 60.52) SC a mY p Be SR BY OC p) a RIS — fi, BD fcc cipap = 1. 1 = 20, FCT. 56) 3 Bele ratyaiar SOW —F (1.53) KONE WaT = 0/2. 1-2, APE x, DMARD TAC) ABBR (pp) = Wa, Bao ® ar (pape = [9 d= po Wwe, SP p = -ikd/de. p RAE = = [7 e- Cw y- po)? CC) dp. 1-22. -TRFASHHR SHEER? MAE ROO) LRA ES AE RA OME PE 1902 [Pe ty] = 388. Cy = 12d DUTEMIM Ty — i, WD) +B, BBM. 1-23, BCH. p RRP re chess ek WP:74 SE LES HA 2 a xm being. ys dain. Boor Fethv, z a a> Benge. 1-24. EMBL. p). 1-25. iE . ip. Fir)] --ikvF(r), Rb Cr) Br OER BM 1-26. iE . (LF, F(p)] = in v,Fip), Ah Ply) p BEB. 1-27. FRADE PEER r HOMO M 2, = ph Ro -p BERD Eb p Sr TMS WEARER ASH MEET HEH p, OE LEME: ~ Afi rie brew f(y b+ tp}. zm. dee -i(Z et), @ Ge A= im. 1 28, BETES fe i AD A EB ACL. 77) TE AD 7B) IN, A- 29. RUE RH [it] <0 @ fi peo. KT HRA. 1 - 30. EMA: rs “ prisixp = 2ikp. 1-3 EM PEL EP LOM p Es ip 0. 1-32, AERA DPR TO 4 Pv, APR KANTO BORA CEA HH POR ER RDS HE Rs PE A A Ti HH 1-33. RF A RET 2D ay = VR7m IRR FOE RO AOR ME OT Bol E) = Apee?. ie) = 2A, ce, $48) = 24,028 - Det, RPS = (fra h) as. REIT Ay. A, A, IP OOF Boe [7 gil Aytaerde, (n= 0.1.2.)a 75 1-34. HEE Bich ane FOS A OT Ob He 2-98. MOAR or) AL) PARTE HE 245° PRED RAS BO EAL |) Al y) WRI. 1-36. EAT 2) ML) WARE) fy) RF. 2-37. UAL 2 ANS) a A eB LL IR) 1-38. MULT AMS 1 OAR AR 2B 1-35 [on (rea [" jena t(!). w= 4(') laya(?). UAL yx > WER las) RE. elas) PRAM y FRET REAR. CNS A MER Seb RH IAR be 1-39. CMAMTR I = MMR I METH. J. 7 ORERH 1 teoa(9). 0 1 1 o wei) jta(i 1 ' ° ined(‘a}, In 412] tzr0(0). 1 -1 1 MULL ae) All 20) HBR ye) Al yO MIF. Elo) Myo? Me I, PMT OEE CNS AHMERSO? FIBERS? 1-40, FIT OR TSK TS (conherent state): la} = fm. ee RP a) MEME WARS oc R-THR, MER, TARA RA GK GE &. Kh RRERNED? 1-41. REPRE TO RRP RF O18 ETT OTS RRS D4) SUP oy RGR FB A fi ews FRE 7 1-42. READ RRP RRC ES HOF YL.Bue RARK DADA BOERS BORO RT RARER AME RRA LEMAR T RA ABER AEAD BATHE, AE AER AS FE EES FOIA AUR ED FASE HE SD REI ARALAA REE LOMERRAF AM F RS THE Ae BIE Mh ER TT A 2 fh) A BRR SIMMOG MAME. MET RARSAAATER, FN ETE PREGA IADR ULE Ae AA ABE KIL EREMHAAPENSKECASAHRKEAASE ARH CHRER RAB. - SRRERK 1 A RE SF ABC FE S96 hE TE Fy HR AD SB ETRAORRAN BER (AMNFRANS LESH 117), CE BE Sw EF SB WRC A Sk HR KH PP OR RE AR HGR YO) RRRAMET SE WHER RTA in Z1y(o) = Ald). (2.0 AUR BEBE RIA— BHF) F = 1, 2, YD) EAL [etn = Rlaalyco = BG's. RP G = Sflge ty. RAD Rae in 21 yc) = SHIP HCO). WAR RL RR: in Zcslec? = = REGAL ECO), Ey in = uC (2.2) RY Ay = ilaly). (2.3) RPRRERAREARERAR TOA LAI GREENE wT A RATE RARE 1 AN 2, FANE SR ma )= (ie dle): a8)Sb. FMA AS nn SRE RTE RAR SAH) LR EH EER, te SPE ER Te BE Wn Fe AT Tite 0 HE | A> CB = 1, WD) RUSE ee a eA ER {aos EB, l1), AIM) = £411). HGR EAR MARE He ERD. HP ATE AD IE EA Fy, = (@}Al@) = Bd... (ap = 1,0) (2.5) AS BOF HEH Hk BE SA Pe LSE 9 Ay, Ain B, 0 wae wait lo a)” (2-6) EMER MEE RR fs WHE TF ee NT RK Ay Mo) _ PiTha) ( o yee Me) Hy Hl NTH Try/N 0 By \ Tuy Baal” Jeep Ta = SBID. Th = . 12) 89 VR, BB(2.8) RSE Felpeceh, BERG! MARA ERMMT (2.10) HK. BOT RATER (2. 8) HG CC, AOR: 1 igle) = 1 Cc = Fgh Ort Oy Cy = TC, - 6.) (2.1) BRT HAE tg OB OB BR 1G (2.92) PID CLC) = 6,00) HAREM, (2.12) ECO) REWER R EWR HR. (A211) exer = Ele torerterarns o.(ernnn, x(t) = zl COE" F-OUM_ C(Q)EnKEE DRY HULSAT UE C(t) SESE. RGAE. C(t) M1 C(t) RAR. RARE 1 OntReeh Fm C, A, BO (2.13) C0) = Fle + E.)]= 1, 6x0) = FLE,(0) - C.@)] = 01 ante €.@) = €.0) = 1B ARA.13) 88 Gxt) = e*%”Meos AE, A (2.14) C(t) = fe 'Fot/Msin SE, EAB RAL FS 1. 2 SAD I P(e) = |O2)|? = cost At, (2.15) P(t) = |6.(2)|? = sie AE. WEEP, Py AAT I) Ee OO we A 2-2 A EE 2 A PTE AS 1 M2 SRR TEENY RP HOE SRB RM, Oe ENT a 2 BAX AAMS ER (PMA RRA LATS KOM). H80 Roe MSR LUV DIR 1 RZ DIE 2 A RR 1 MS TR, HR? MI ha. at RATA, #1 A Ae BY 2 OY LG OTH I LER 25M Cae 1 PO 2 Rok a 1 SENS BU HF BERR ZAR. aR eS TSS ME BATTER S52 Et OA Ee EL, B22 7) Pa Hie a AYE ABER) BIH (Hy Ey tA) ORATOR EA OR, AS AC2.10) RE 2) FSR FSP RE BL A HI Bm I He TR Rk Ee AOR TE FIR Re — NE SY a AS A HC PT (1 LB HS. GRATE ES BE EH AG A RE ABC. 1S) AD RADARS NE P(t) = 1- (ay, Pit) (44), (2.16) WER RAR, AL/R)? BT REPRE 1 ORE, RE ERARE 2 MB RA, AK TEMP A 1, 2 SR BRI, Ah et EB) RFRKLORER. 1.3 RAF AHR” KPTCHRSHDERK ANTE TAT, FRI — THEOAF CREE POF RAKSVRREFMAMLE WS — TERS SAVE IF 1 AB SE SE Ht BA A oF ah EE AE AG Se 09 FeMS: FRCCH.) ZiR(CH) wee ERCHW) ECC RISA FR CHa. MPRA ZARA BE, CRAM SRRFRS BA ARAL” oF RR EIR Ol FL 120° FB , AE$1. SORSRR 81 = 6 BOE He EG AB EN AR AE A YO OE BE (Cg Hy2) 0 RRFZARABAAH, BTURBAS. ROMA T ES (C,H,), sty kA F an ID " SORe OH [2> 8 ra Wet Nt Ne Net Bnet vo We oy Be SooeNN ah t 4 CWCCHD REM (CH) (CH) HPP F BE CLC CH) BA TS SL, A OR AE MRE OSA AT PR DH — PGR RE BM TPO CoHo), HMO bs TAT. WRC SBR F Bl 6 PARP 3 TRB BLT FE ( Op Hy ) 0 AE AB FR i AEE OA SF RA — A RFR | Mee (A) kd + mol"! 3953.0 Ree FR as 3786.6 ew 3301.6 Hi PAT HR , (3953.0 - 3786.6)kJ/mol = 166.4 kJ/mol, RRR PMS PAGO BE BR BLT TE , BER 3 PU PE EERE HE 166.4 kJ/mol x 3 = 499.2 KJ / mol 3 FE AA FE FE 53 FE BE AR Be PR) 8 (3953.0 - 499.2) kJ/mol = 3453.8 kJ/ tml, 0 BD ar HE PD ARPS Hh SR LBL S177 3301.6 kI/mol, He fei HE SALE #6 (3453.8 — 3301.6) kJ/mol = 152.2 kJ/mol. HEB AMAR 5S RAFAH RRB. MMR MeL bn eT BOL i RH SS ET oN FE OP a 3 RO THRE ELE PEOMS A! REN RB LY F fi HAY 3453.8 kJ/mol). HZ AER - ANE FROM T RAT 08 PEE SE He (% A ky n) CM AIEY Foe A AUR RA TB MAREN BoA, RET A. ik URERE T SRIF BE BE PE PEAG 152. 2 kJ/mol 938 SE Abe RIE AS ABP HE MOH SE RAE” ae SRR AR”. 1.2 HRT tt SH HE AY TT Oe DR. ER HH Re a a ESN REL — CMMBRBES, AREAS ZRH — PB82 Roe DR EK IN ARRAY MR A TEAS CE RC FAS) GLEE MLAKGCRL ES, FER TET SOE SE PC OT RH: REE TA A ROA He HS {OL REMAIN OR MELT EL Rin — Hwee VTS RANE Rn ee ALA FES A AR AH AOE A, ROL OD SLED 0 HEE HO BE RA AB TLS fA PEARL BLL SR” SO AG” FB 5M MRO ATL eT i aw CTE aK OR Ei OR IG DFR Wreererrr ery GEA RT TE OS NN ND RR, CETTE Fob LA. Hh — A A UF JL 2 3 HR A (magenta) MAGS FA HT, CRONE ME BO FAT SF EE AERA RAR RETA a OS ci. SER BARE AAR ER BT OOS eS |1) AI). CATA HE, OAPI WS SE OO RE FEM ABE SE ERR, BET Ree BE Hm eh By By A ABS OG RE BS A IR Q) 1 led = lb 2129). GER HE 2A ATER MCA RR K,210 H2-3 SERNA HEARS kd/mol 2e43 . FARES A 304.4 kJ/mol. 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