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Freshers Jobs in India - Interview Preparation - Puzzles
Freshers Jobs in India - Interview Preparation - Puzzles
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1)What is microprocessor?
It is a program controlled semi conductor device (IC), which fetches, decodes and execute
instructions.
2)What are the basic units of microprocessor?
The basic units or blocks of microprocessor are ALU, an array of registers and control unit.
3)What is a bus?
Bus is a group of conducting lines that carries data, address and controlsignals.
4)Why data bus is bi-directional?
The microprocessor is to fetch (read) the data from memory or input device for processing
and after processing it has to store (write) the data to memory or output devices. Hence the
data bus is bi-directional.
5)Why is Address bus unidirectional ?
The address is an identification number used by the microprocessor to identify or access a
memory location or input/output device. It is an output signal from the processor. Hence the
address bus is unidirectional.
6)Define machine cycle?
Machine cycle is defined as the time required to complete one operation of accessing
memory input/output, or acknowledging an external request. This cycle may consists of three
to six T-states.
7)Define T-state?
T-state is defined as one subdivision of operation performed in one clock period. These
subdivisions are internal states synchronized with the system clock, and each T-state is
precisely equal to one clock period.
EI
DI
RIM
SIM
Hardware
Software
Hardware interrupts- The interrupts where the CPU pins are used to receive interrupt requests
, are called hardware interrupts.
Software interrupts This interrupt is caused by the execution of the instruction. These are
special instructions supported bythe microprocessor.
TRAP
RST 7.5
RST 6.5
RST 5.5
INTR
SOD(Serial Output Data) This is an output signal which enables the transmission of serial
data bit bybit to the external device.
19)Comparison between full address decoding and partial address decoding?
Full Address Decoding
1. All higher address lines are decoded to
select the memory or I/O device.
4. No Multiple addresses.
20)What is ALE?
The ALE (Address latch enable) is a signal used to demultiplex the address and data lines
using an external latch. It is used to enable the external latch.
The interrupt acknowledge cycle is a machine cycle executed by 8085 processor to get the
address of the interrupt service routine in order to service the interrupt device.
26)What is vectored and non-vectored interrupt?
When an interrupt is accepted, if the processor control branches to a specific address defined
by the manufacturer then the interrupt is called vectored interrupt. In Non-vectored interrupt
there is no specific address for storing the interrupt service routine. Hence the interrupted
device should give the address of the interrupt service routine.
27)List the software and hardware interrupts of 8085?
Software interrupts : RST 0,RST 1,RST 2,RST 3,RST 4,RST 5,RST 6,RST 7
Hardware interrupts : TRAP,RST 7.5,RST 6.5,RST 5.5, INTR.
28) What is TRAP?
The TRAP is a non-maskable interrupt of 8085. It is not disabled by processor reset or after
recognition of interrupt.
29)How clock signals are generated in 8085 and what is the frequency of the internal clock?
The 8085 has the clock generation circuit on the chip but an external quartz crystal or LC
circuit or RC circuit should be connected at the pins X1 andX2. The maximum internal clock
frequency of 8085 is 3.03MHz.
30)Define stack?
Stack is a sequence of RAM memory locations defined by the programmer.
Generally I/O devices are slow devices. Therefore the speed of I/O devices does not match
with the speed of microprocessor. And so an interface is provided between system bus and
I/O devices.
36)What is interrupt I/O?
If the I/O device initiate the data transfer through interrupt then the I/O is called interrupt
driven I/O.
37)What is a port?
The port is a buffered I/O, which is used to hold the data transmitted from the microprocessor
to I/O devices and vice versa.
38)What is the need for interrupt controller?
The interrupt controller is employed to expand the interrupt inputs. It can handle the interrupt
request from various devices and allow one by one to the processor.
39)What is synchronous data transfer scheme?
For synchronous data transfer scheme, the processor does not check the readiness of the
device after a command have been issued for read/write operation. For this scheme the
processor will request the device to get ready and then read/write to the device immediately
after the request.
40)What is asynchronous data transfer scheme?
In asynchronous data transfer scheme, first the processor sends a request to the device for
read/write operation. Then the processor keeps on polling the status of the device. Once the
device is ready, the processor executes a data transfer instruction to complete the process.
41)What are the internal devices of 8255?
The internal devices of 8255 are port-A, port-B, port-C. The ports can be programmed for
either input or output function in different operating modes.
42)What is USART?
The device which can be programmed to perform Synchronous or Asynchronous serial
communication is called USART (Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter). Eg: INTEL 8251
43)What is scanning in keyboard and what is scan time?
The process of sending a zero to each row of a keyboard matrix and reading the columns for
key actuation is called scanning. The scan time is the time taken by the processor to scan all
the rows one by one starting from first row and coming back to the first row again.
44)What is programmable peripheral device?
If the function performed bythe peripheral device can be altered or changed bya program
instruction then the peripheral device is called programmable device. It have control register.
The device can be programmed by sending control word in the prescribed format to
the control register.
45)What is baud rate?
The baud rate is the rate at which the serial data are transmitted. Baud rate is defined as (The
time for a bit cell). In some systems one bit cell has one data bit, then the baud rate and
bits/sec are same.
46)What are the tasks involved in keyboard interface?
The tasks involved in keyboard interfacing are sensing a key actuation, Debouncing the key
and generating key codes( Decoding the key). These tasks are performed software if the
keyboard is interfaced through ports and they are performed by hardware if the keyboard is
interfaces through 8279.
47)How a keyboard matrix is formed in keyboard interface using 8279?
The return lines, RL0 toRL7 of 8279 are used to form the columns of keyboard matrix. In
decoded scan lines SL0 t0SL3 of 8279 are used to form the rows of keyboard matrix. In
encoded scan mode, the output lines of external decoder are used as rows of keyboard matrix.
48)What is GPIB?
GPIB is the General Purpose interface Bus. It is used to interface the test instruments to the
system controller.
49)Advantages of differential data transfer?