| sine 19 . —r gilt)= Sylt)- 2 490 ay Where Si= Pergo noe Pji(t)= Ht) = site) 5980. T Vaid E,- 2 sy [==t6 - Using the signal S(t) we define the coefficient S24 45 eR coEEP S245 I's, gbeeddt al ° A new intermediate Signal is defined as Ct) = 5,4) - 5,,4,¢¢) and it is L to A(t) over the interval ostst , we define the 2” Basis Signal as A(t) = 9,(t) = S2(t)- 5,,0,(t) Vv ST apcdt V E,- St | Digital CommunicationsYomO WC NS JOH ee om (i'd tah a's v vo)—[9‘v] 3A "B-oym Hs =P si youbig sisog ysaly ayy ‘3mp3904 yas powdouoyz40 {ars} yonaqsuoy soquiog 10 yas yuapuadaput Ajsvaus| farts | wang 43309 = Byndg0¥d NOVLVZITVNODOHLYO AdIWHIS -Wv3d St» | sider: $29 » Systematic Determination of an Orthogonal Basis Set CDEEP NT Bombay dimensionality of a signal space -»the maximum number of independent Signals tn the space Given a set of -independent signals ra set of %-independent Signals that isl Digital Communica oe . 3 Prot S.N Merchant| Energy of a of a signal: [* eR E> Sxtwmet = Bee oe, . ae i x5Ce) ie ExampPLe: + ) 9c) fee ih. Prot SN Merchant we AZ = e Infinite No. OF Possipte SETS OF BASIS SIGNALS Exist FOR WT Bombay A GIVEN SIGNAL S Pace eo SCALAR PRODUCT: est S(t)= Zcehele Prof. 8. N. Merchant cOEEP IT Bombay Sit) Sat) ses S(t) Q,S,(t) + O,S,(t) +> °° 4+O,Sy(t)= 0 Su (E) = — BSCE) = BSL) e oe = Breet Suey Gu ON atide No: 10 Tl —€e = SCs acy dt = f [sea- Sag wt weeny -o ki Minimization wert+ the 45 Obe-=0 for kt,2,. nrnvzati i} 9.3% 5 [stt)-2 syAce)] esate =O net,2,..-K =4 2 = Sn= (srag,teiae -© ——— ee Stide No: & a | Suppose thot s(t) is a deterministic, real valued signal with finite energy “Gay oe cDEEP €,+ Vsreyst wr omoy “2 Assume thot o set of orthonormal functions {e,(e, ne 4, aa Ky exists S(t) = > Sp9,(t) Z nh e(t) = ste)-$(t) Instructor's Name Prof. 8. N. Merchant[= 8 {abs (not-kn)} muon alt) = Dp Pelt) lL x(k Bombay Where %, fie (3%) eo any BL signal x(t) —> (+++ Hye ny yy %poeet Ap is the RY Nyquist sample of x(t) divided by Vis _,Now,a BL signal cannot be time-limited => infinite number of Nyquist Samples => dimensionality is ‘INFINITE ; 4 7S ita Communications Prat 8. Merchant z [ Basis signal ¥,(t) is represented by the corresponding basis vector $s (4,0,0,+++50) and B(t) by it Bombay $2 (0, 4,0,---,0) o Examere: o(t) BL to B Hz can be specified by the values of its Nyquist Samples x= Z x(8,) sinc (27 8t-kT) a + inc (x2 Sin Basis signals are sine (2mBt-kn) {s a ” SPsinc (anBt-jT) sinc (2nBt-kn)dt = {o jk ORTHOGON. = You izk Set Digital Communicat ions we Prof. re Mr6 w.l-og. La,b1= [- 0,00] . @ + Assumption: So erayoat =f ik > {ot} = ORTHONORMAL © H(t) = ox, Pylt) > Aye , H(t) (edt Rei CDEEP NT Bombay “0 2. once { 9,(07, specified, a(t) can be represented by ¢-tuple ( %%22 ++ + 9%) Alternatively : 2(t) represented geametrically bya Point (21, %,.9+%> My) in an M-dimensional space . «e,We Can associate a vector x with the signal 24 Dial Commenicaions 3 nani = — I 5 B em-signals (+), Dr(t), +++ Yn (t) Ore = independent => none of these signals can be represented by a \inear combination of the remaining (%-1) signals 4-€., &G(t) + G,(t)4---+0,G,(t)=0 ney tf ALL + Suppose X(t) = %mAlt)+ a, Gte---+2 Olt) Qj s ave zel »$ Hy Bplt) . . 24 - ™-dimensional signal space ,{ (th Serais 3 Digital Communicat ions, : are Pra. Merchant ieH N'S 70 ‘i suoeunn eh 40}2aA 0 $1 004 41 UWayy ‘aidnz-w uv Aq paisivads aq uno (3)% |oubis v 4T * % soja jOUosUaMip-w uo si (Maereste8'x~) aidnz-w~ Ppasapso uy ° [ato] [oAsaqui auios wo dauyap syoubis aujz SNonuszu0d 921497204049 0} papuayxa aq UDI S40}IaA SISDG Aequiog ii “a3300 Ppud sarods 4039aA 40 szda2u0D au » SIVNDIS . SISva NY 32VdS WNDIS ys 3 SIGNAL SPACE REPRESENTATIONS UT Bombay analysis of digital signal detection and determination of the optimum receiver | Digital Communications, : 8 Prof S.N. Merchant- @ Date: 25.01.2010 Lecture No: 8 it Bomboy LectureName: SIGNAL SPACE REPRESENTATIONS ‘Sub-Topics: BD SIGNAL SPACE AND BASIS SIGNALS 0 GRAM-~ SCHMIDT ORTHOGONALIZATION PROCEDURE | Depa Comemaniaons 8 ro arcane DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS Course Code: EE 426 (Spring 2009-2010) Department: Electrical Engineering Instructor Name: Prof. 8. N. Merchant E-mail id: merchant@ee.iitb.ac.in | Digital Communications 8 Prof. S.N. Merchant [ee