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2%,(&7,9(850

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strugure n produs semifabricat-must,

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ce au loc n must.

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calitativi ai produsului finit cu cei ai materiei prime din care a provenit, asigurnd astfel
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3

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-un ax principal pe care sunt

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-10% din greutatea strugurilor.

Boaba sau fructul propriu-]LV HVWH R EDF  DOF WXLW  GLQ SLHOL  PLH] L VHPLQ H Q UDSRUW
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din 7-VWUDWXULGHFHOXOHDOXQJLWHERJDWHvQVXEVWDQ HRGRUDQWHWDQDQWHLFRORUDQWH

Miezul sau pulpa HVWH DOF WXLW GLQ PH]RFDUS L HQGRFDUS Mezocarpul este format din
11-16 straturi de celule pline aproape n totalitate, cu suc vacuolar (must) bogat n zaharuri, acizi
RUJDQLFL V UXUL PLQHUDOH HWF &LWRSODVPD vQ FDUH HVWH VLWXD QXFOHXO VH J VHWH VXE IRUPD XQXL
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JHOLILF QYHFLQ WDWHDVHPLQ HORU FHOXOHOHVXQWPDL PLFLDOXQJLWHGHQVH LPDLSX LQERJDWHvQ
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SXOSHL /D PDWXULWDWHD GHSOLQ  SXOSD UHSUH]LQW  

-88% din greutatea boabei, iar resturile de

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SkQ ODGLQJUHXWDWHDOXL
6HPLQ HOHUHSUH]LQW 

-6% din greutatea boabei.

7RDWH DFHVWH S U L FRQVWLWXWLYH DOH VWUXJXUHOXL L ERDEHL GHRVHE

ite ntre ele din punct de

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L XYRORJLFH 'HWHUPLQDUHD ORU VXE UDSRUW

JUDYLPHWULF L QXPHULF L D UDSRUWXULORU vQ FDUH VH J VHVF XQHOH ID

 GH DOWHOH FRQVWLWXLH RELHFWXO

analizei mecanice a strugurilor. PeED]DGDWHORURE LQXWHGLQDFHDVW

DQDOL] HIHFWXDW RELQXLWFX

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VXQW LQGLFHOH GH VWUXFWXU  D VWUXJXUHOXL LQGLFHOH ERDEHL LQGLFHOH GH FRPSR]L LH D ERDEHL L

indicele de randament.
,QGLFHOHGHVWUXFWXU

DOVWUXJXUHOXL

este dat de raportul

greutatea boabelor
greutatea ciorchinelui

L

SUH]LQW  YDORUL FXSULQVH vQWUH  L  YDORULOH PLFL ILLQG FDUDFWHULVWLFH VRLXULORU GH YLQ LDU FHOH

mari sunt proprii strugurilor pentru maV

Indicele boabei UHVSHFWLY QXP


UXO GH ERDEH OD  J VWUXJXUL HVWH PLF OD VRLXULOH GH

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,QGLFHOHGHFRPSR]L LHDOERDEHL

, dat de raportul

are valori cuprinse ntre 10-ODVRLXULOHSHQWUXPDV

greutatea miezului
greutatea pielitei + greutatea semintelor

LvQWUH

-8 la cele pentru vin.

Indicele de randament, rezultat din raportul greutatea mustului/ greutatea tescovinei,

poate varia de la 2,5 la 5, cu o valoare medie GHILLQGPDLSX LQFDUDFWHULVWLFFDV ILHOXDWGUHSW

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strugurelui.

1.2. Recoltarea strugurilor

1.2.1. Stabilirea momentului optim de cules
Problema stabiliri momentului optim de recoltare a constituit obiectul de studiu a multor
a acelei date n cursul perioadei de

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QXPHURL IDFWRUL GLQWUH FDUH R LPSRUWDQ

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VWDUHDORUGHV Q WDWHFRQGL LLOHHFRQRPLFHPRGXOGHUHFROWDUHHWF

Starea de maturitate a strugurilor

3ULPXOIDFWRUFDUHFRQGL LRQHD] FDOLWDWHDVWUXJXULORUHVWHDDFXPV DDU

tat, starea lor de

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R SDUWH SURFHVXO GH PDWXUD LH vQ DQVDPEOXO V X HVWH FRPSOH[ L FRQGL LRQDW GH R SOXUDOLWDWH GH
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VWUXJXULORUSUHFXPLGHFDOLWDWHDSURGXVHORUFHWUHEXLHRE LQXWHGLQSUHOXFUDUHDORU

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nct, acestea din urP

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duce

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V

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$URPDLEXFKHWXOYLQXULORU

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ID

perior

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H[HPSOX OD FHOH GHVWLQDWH RE LQHULL YLQXULORU SHQW

ru distilare n vederea producerii de coniacuri,

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ULL QRDVWUH

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FRLQFLG  FX HD YLQXUL GH FRQVXP FXUHQW L VXSHULRDUH VHFL VDX V  R XUPH]H YLQXUL GHPLVHFL
GHPLGXOFLLGXOFLQDWXUDOH

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VWDUH vQ FDUH ERDEHOH VWUXJXUHOXL VXQW PDL PXOW VDX PDL SX LQ VWDILGLWH LDU VXFXO DFHVWRUD HVWH
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DUWLILFLDOH SUHFXP L GDWRULW  XQXL SURFHV GH ERWULWL

zare. La rndul ei, supramaturarea sub

DF LXQHDF OGXULLVRODUHVHSRDWHGHVI XUDvQFRQGL LLQDWXUDOHFkQGVWUXJXULLQXVXQWGHVSULQLGH

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URJRMLQLVDXJU

tare din lemn.

Botritizarea strugurilor FD] SDUWLFXODU GH VXSUDPDWXUDUH HVWH FRQVHFLQ D LQIHFW ULL
boabelor cu miceliul de Botrytinia fuckeliana (De Bary). Wetzel. Aparatul vegetativ, respectiv
miceliul acestei ciuperci, este reprezentat printr-un tal filamentos. Din punct de vedere al
QXWUL LHL FLXSHUFD HVWH VDSURILW  IDFXOWDWLY HD vL SHWUHFH R SDUWH GLQ YLD

UHVWXUL RUJDQLFH DSRL GXS  FH FDS W  R DQXPLW  YLUXOHQ

 vQ PRG VDSURILW SH

 GHYLQH SDUD]LW  SH GLIHULWH IUXFWH L

ndeosebi pe boabele de struguri.

'H]YROWDUHD DFHVWHL FLXSHUFL VXE IRUP  GH SXWUHJDL FHQXLX DUH ORF vQ PDMRULWDWHD
SRGJRULLOH L DSURDSH OD WRDWH VRLXULOH ILLQG PDL IUHFYHQW  vQ ]RQHOH XPHGH GHFkW vQ FHOH XVFDWH
Q XUPD S WUXQGHULL PLFHOLXOXL OD VXSUDID D SLHOL HL DSDU SHWH FLUFXODUH GH FXORDUH URLH

-viloacee

FDUHVHP UHVFSkQ FXSULQG vQWUHDJDERDE &XWLPSXO SLHOL DVHEUXQLILF VHGHVSULQGHXRUGH

SXOS  LDU ERDED vQ DQVDPEOXO HL VH DFRSHU  FX SXI FHQXLX FDUH DEVRDUEH L UH LQH DSD vQWRFPDL

ca un burete. Cnd umiditateD DWPRVIHULF  GHS HWH  L VH PHQ LQH ULGLFDW  PDL PXOW WLPS
iar temperatura este suficient de mare (20- 250& DWDFXO HYROXHD]  DWkW GH UDSLG vQFkW vQWUHDJD
UHFROW SRDWHILFRPSURPLV vQFkWHYD]LOH
3UH]HQ D FLXSHUFLL %RWU\WLQLD IXFNHOLQD VXE IRUP  GH SXWUHJDL QRELO HVWH VHPQDODW  vQ
IRDUWH SX LQH SRGJRULL L QXPDL OD QXPLWH VRLXUL 'LQWUH FHOH HXURSHQH VHDPLQWHVF 6DXWWHUQHV
)UDQ D OD VRLXULOH 6DXYLJQRQ L 6HPLOORQ 5KHLQ
OD)XUPLQWQ

-Gau- *HUPDQLD OD 5LHVOLQJ L 7RNDM- Ungaria

ULOH YLWLFROHVXGLFH VHvQWkOQHWHLPDL UDU/D QRLvQ DU SXWUHJDLXOQRELODSDUH

PDLIUHFYHQWODVRLXO*UDV vQSRGJRULLOH&RWQDULL3LHWURDVHOH

7(+12/2*,$35(/8&5

5,,6758*85,/25

7HKQRORJLD SUHOXFU ULL VWUXJXULORU VDX YLQLILFD LD SURSULX ]LV  FXSULQ

de un ansamblu de

RSHUD LLFDUHDVLJXU WUDQVIRUPDUHDVWUXJXULORUvQ YLQ QXUPD YLQLILF ULLVHRE LQYLQXULDOEHVDX

URLL GH XQGH L H[LVWHQ D D GRX  PDUL OLQLL WHKQRORJLFH OLQLD GH YLQLILFD LH vQ DOE L OLQLD GH
YLQLILFD LHvQURXQFD]XOSURGXFHULLYLQXULORUDOEHPXVWXOVHVHSDU FkWPDLUDSLGGHERWLQ L
VH IHUPHQWHD]  VHSDUDW /D SURGXFHUHD YLQXULORU URLL VHSDUDUHD OLFKLGXOXL VH HIHFWXHD]  GXS  FH

mustuiala a trecut printr-un proces de macerare-fermentare, proces ce trebuie luat n considerare

LODHODERUDUHDYLQXULORUDURPDWHLDFHORUUR]H
,QGLIHUHQW GH JUXSHOH GH YLQXUL FH XUPHD]  D VH RE LQH DOEH URLL DURPDWH UR]H HVWH
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SUHOXFUDUH OHQW  DSDUH LQIOXHQ D G XQ WRDUH D DHUXOXL L WHPSHUDWXULL 0LFURRUJDQLVPHOH
vQGHRVHELFHOHSDWRJHQHVHvQPXO HVFUDSLGvQFkWDO WXULGHIHUPHQWD LDDOFRROLF VHGHVI RDU L
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FkQG VWUXJXULL VXQW PXFHJ L L SXWUH]L L VDX DWDFD L GH GLIHUL L G XQ WRUL 'LQ FRQVLGHUHQWHOH
DU WDWH VH UHFRPDQG  FD VWUXJXULL V  ILH YLQLILFD L FkW PDL UDSLG vQ PRG REOLJDWRULX vQ ]LXD
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-a trecut mai mult de

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RUJDQL]DWHvQDDPRGvQFkWvQWUHHOHV H[LVWHRGHSOLQ FRQFRUGDQ

2.1. Zdrobitul strugurilor

Zdrobitul strXJXULORU FRQVW

 vQ GLVWUXJHUHD LQWHJULW

LL ERDEHORU vQ YHGHUHD HOLEHU ULL

VXFXOXLSHFDUHvOFRQ LQI U DI UkPL DSLHOL HOHVHPLQ HOHLFLRUFKLQLLQXUPDDFHVWHLRSHUD LL

PLFURIORUDH[LVWHQW  SH VWUXJXUL HVWH GLVSHUVDW  vQ vQWUHDJD PDV  GHPXVWXLDO  'DF  VWUXJXULL QX
VXQW ]GUREL L VXFXO QX VH SRDWH WUDQVIRUPD vQ YLQ GHRDUHFH OHYXULOH SUH]HQWH vQ SULQFLSDO SH
VXSUDID DERDEHORUQX LSRWH[HUFLWDDF LXQHDORUDVXSUDVXFXOXLvQFKLVvQERDE $HUD LDSURGXV 

vQ WLPSXO ]GURELULL IDYRUL]HD]  vQPXO LUHD OHYXULORU FDUH OD UkQGXO ORU GHWHUPLQ  R IHUPHQWDUH
UDSLG  L XRDU  D PXVWXOXL 'H DVHPHQHD GXS  ]GURELUH UHFROWD SRDWH IL XRU YHKLFXODW  SULQ
SRPSDUHVXOILWDW vQWU XQPRGPDLRPRJHQLDUPDFHUD LDYHULJ LPSRUWDQW vQIOX[XOWHKQRORJLF

de prodXFHUH DO YLQXULORU URLL L DURPDWH DUH ORF vQ FRQGL LL RSWLPH GHRDUHFH VXSUDID D GLQWUH
ID]DOLFKLG LVROLG HVWHPXOWP ULW 

2.2. Desciorchinatul strugurilor

Desciorchinatul strugurilor QXPLWvQF

 L GH]EURERQLW FRQVW  vQ GHWDDUHD ERDEHORU GH

FLRUFKLQH L HOLEHUDUHD VHSDUDW  D VXFXOXL L ERDEHORU SH GH R SDUWH L D FLRUFKLQLORU L UHVWXULORU
YHJHWDOH SH GH DOW  SDUWH 2SRUWXQLWDWHD H[HFXW ULL DFHVWHL RSHUD LL GHSLQGH GH QXPHURL IDFWRUL
GLQWUHFDUHXQUROSULQFLSDOvOMRDF FDWHJRULDLUHVSHF

tiv tipul de vin proiectat a se produce.

Pentru vinurile albe desciorchinatul s-D GRYHGLW PDL SX LQ QHFHVDU vQWUXFkW LQIOXHQ D SH

FDUHRH[HUFLW SUH]HQ DFLRUFKLQHOXLDVXSUDFDOLW

LLYLQXOXLHVWHQHVHPQLILFDWLY 3HGHDOW SDUWH

VHWLHF DWXQFLFkQGUHFROWDHVWHQHGHVFLRUFKLQDW VFXUJHUHDPXVWXOXLLSUHVDUHDERWLQHLVHIDFH

FX PDL PXOW  XXULQ

 GHRDUHFH PXVWXLDOD DUH XQ JUDG GH HODVWLFLWDWH PDL ULGLFDW LDU FLRUFKLQLL

MRDF  UROXO XQRU F L GH GUHQDM0XVWXO RE LQXWDUH PDL SX LQ  EXUE  L XQJXVW P

rezultat dintr-R PXVWXLDO

ai bun dect cel

 GHVFLRUFKLQDW  &UHWHUHD FRQ LQXWXOXLvQ EXUE  L DSDUL LD XQRU JXVWXUL

PDL SX LQ SO FXWH VH GDWRUHD]  I UkPL

ULL L VWULYLULL SDU LDOH D FRPSRQHQWHORU VROLGH vQ FXUVXO

GHVFLRUFKLQ ULL5LEHUHDX*D\RQ-D

976).

6HDSUHFLD] vQV F GHVFLRUFKLQDWXOGHYLQHREOLJDWRULXFkQGUHFROWD]GURELW VWDJQHD] SH

SDUFXUVXO IOX[XOXL WHKQRORJLF XQ WLPS RDUHFDUH vQ VWDGLXO GH PXVWXLDO  VDX FkQG vQ VFKHPD
WHKQRORJLF HVWHSUHY ]XW LRSHUD LXQHDGHPDFHUDUHvQYHGHUHDULGLF ULLFRQ LQXWXOXLYLQXOXLvQ
H[WUDFW Q DVWIHO GH VLWXD LL VH LPSXQH GHVFLRUFKLQDWXO GHRDUHFH FLRUFKLQLL GLQ PXVWXLDO 
LQIOXHQ HD]  QHJDWLY FDOLWDWHD YLLWRUXOXL YLQ Q ILQH GHVFLRUFKLQDWXO HVWH UHFRPDQGDELO L DWXQFL

cnd ciorchinii nu sunt lignifica L GHRDUHFH SUH]HQ D ORU vQ PXVWXLDO

 IDFH V  FUHDVF  FRQ LQXWXO

PXVWXOXL vQ FRPSXL IHQROLFL vQ VSHFLDO vQ FHL R[LGDELOL SUHFXP L vQ XQHOH V UXUL GH FDOFLX

potasiu etc.
3HQWUX YLQXULOH URLL L DURPDWH GHVFLRUFKLQDWXO V D GRYHGLW R RSHUD LH WHKQRORJLF 

LQGLVSHQVDELO  'LQWUH DYDQWDMHOH SH FDUH OH FUHHD]  VH PHQ LRQHD]  RE LQHUHD XQXL YROXP GH
PXVWXLDO PDLUHGXVLDUGHDLFLPDLSX LQ ERWLQ GHPDQLSXODWLSUHVDWLPDLSX LQ WHVFRYLQ 
GH S VWUDW 3ULQ vQGHS UWDUHD FLRUFKLQLORU FLRUFKLQLL FH UHSUH]LQW    GLQ JUHXWDWH L SkQ  OD

 GLQ YROXPXO UHFROWHL VH UHDOL]HD]  R HFRQRPLH GH YDVH L GH VSD LX SHQWUX PDFHUDUH

IHUPHQWDUH ,PSRUWDQ D GHVFLRUFKLQDWXOXL UH]LG  vQV  PDL DOHV vQ DFHHD F  YLQXULOH VH
vPEXQ W

HVF GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH FDOLWDWLY

au un grad alcoolic mai ridicat cu circa 0,5 vol.% ,

VXQW PDL LQWHQV FRORUDWH FHYD PDL DFLGH VH OLPSH]HVF XRU L QX VXQW OLSVLWH GH R DQXPLW 
VXSOH H L ILQH H 0DFHUDUHD
RE LQHUHD GH YL

- IHUPHQWDUHD PXVWXLHOLL QHGHVFLRUFKLQDWH GHWHUPLQ  GLQ FRQWU 

nuri cu gust ierbos de ciorchine (mai ales cnd acesta este verde), bogate n

VXEVWDQ H DVWULQJHQWH L FX R GXULWDWH SURQXQ DW  DWXQFL FkQG VXQW WLQHUH 6H OLPSH]HVF JUHX GLQ
FDX]D XQXL FRQ LQXW ULGLFDW vQ VXEVWDQ H D]RWDWH 'LPLQXDUHD FXORULL L D JUDGX

lui alcoolic se

GDWRUHD]  DEVRUE LHL DFHVWRUD GH F WUH FLRUFKLQL PDL DOHV FkQG VXQW OLJQLILFD L 6F GHUHD
DFLGLW

LLVF GHUHFDUHSRDWHV DMXQJ SkQ ODJO+2

SO4VHH[SOLF

SULQDFHHDF FLRUFKLQHOH

HVWH PDL SX LQ DFLG L PDL ERJDW vQ SRWDVLX L FDOFLX GHFkW VXFXO EREXOXL Q ILQH SUH]HQ D
FLRUFKLQLORU vQ PXVWXLDO  FRQWULEXLH vQWU R DQXPLW  P VXU  L OD SROXDUHD YLQXOXL FX GLIHULWH

SHVWLFLGH UH LQXWH vQ DVSHULW

LOH DFHVWRUD FX RFD]LD WUDWDPHQWHORU GH FRPEDWHUH D EROLORU L

G XQ WRULORU YL HL GH YLH 6H PHQ LRQHD]  F  L GLVWLODWHOH RE LQXWH GLQ WHVFRYLQD FDUH FRQ LQH
FLRUFKLQL VXQW FDOLWDWLY PDL VODEH 7RDWH DFHVWH DVSHFWH DX GHWHUPLQDW FD GHVFLRUFKLQDWXO V  ILH
DSUHFLDW FD R RSHUD LH WHKQRORJLF  XWLO  SHQWUX SURGXFHUHD YLQXULORU DURPDWH L D FHORU URLL
VXSHULRDUHIDFXOWDWLY SHQWUXYLQXULOHURLLGHFRQVXPFXUHQWLREOLJDWRULHDWXQFLFkQGVWUXJXULL
SULQ QDWXUD VRLXOXL GLQ FDUH SURYLQ GDX YLQXUL DVSUH DVWULQJHQWH SUHFXP L vQ FD]XO XQXL FXOHV
WLPSXULXFkQGFLRUFKLQLLVXQWvQF LHUEDFHL

2.3. Tratamente aplicate mustuielii

0XVWXLDOD UH]XOWDW  GLQ SUHOXFUDUHD VWUXJXULORU WUHEXLH SURWHMDW  ID

 GH DF LXQHD

G XQ WRDUH DDHUXOXL SUHFXP L vPSRWULYD PLFURRUJDQLVPHORU SDWRJHQH 3URWHF LD VH LPSXQH PDL
DOHVFkQGUHFROWDHVWHDWLQV GHSXWUHJDLXOFHQXLXVDXLQYDGDW GHGLIHULWHPXFHJDLXULSUHFXPL
DWXQFLFkQGVWD LRQDUHDHLvQVWDGLXOGHPXVWXLDO GHS HWHXQDQXPLWWHUPHQ
,QIOXHQ D R[LJHQXOXL GLQ DHU DVXSUD PXVWXLHOLL HVWH IRDUWH SXWHUQLF  vQGHRVHEL FkQG

aceasta provine din struguri albi 'DF

 QX VH LDX P VXUL GH SURWHMDUH DURPD PXVWXOXL VH

GHQDWXUHD] IUXFWXR]LWDWHDVHGLVWUXJHLDUFXORDUHDGHYLQHGLQFHvQFHPDLvQFKLV (IHFWXOHVWHL

PDL SURQXQ DW vQ FRQGL LLOH vQ FDUH ID]D OLFKLG  GLQ PXVWXLDO  U PkQH vQWU R FDQWLWDWH PDL PLF 

fa

 GH FHD LQL LDO  IDSW FH VH REVHUY  OD VFXUJHUHD PXVWXOXL L SUHVDUHD ERWLQHL Q FD]XO

VWUXJXULORUQHJULR[LGDUHDHVWHPDLSX LQSHULFXORDV GHRDUHFHPXVWXLDODHVWHSDU LDOSURWHMDW GH

SUH]HQ DVXEVWDQ HORUWDQDQWHFDUHMRDF XQURODQWLR[LGDQW

PHQWUX D HYLWD XUP

ULOH QHIDVWH DOH R[LG ULL FHO PDL ELQH DU IL FD PXVWXLDOD V  QX YLQ  vQ

FRQWDFW FX DHUXO Q SUDFWLF  vQV  DFHVWOXFUX QXHVWH SRVLELO GHRDUHFH vQFHSkQG GHOD ]GURELUHD
VWUXJXULORU L SkQ  OD vPEXWHOLHUHD YLQXOXL PDMRULWDWHD RSHUD LXQLORU SH FDUH OH UHFODP  IOX[XO
WHKQRORJLF VXQW vQVR LWH PDL PXOW VDX PDL SX LQ GH XQ SURFHV GH R[LJHQDUH 'LQ DFHVWH PRWLYH
DSOLFDUHD XQRU WUDWDPHQWH vQ YHGHUHD DQLKLO ULL HIHFWXOXL G XQ WRU DO R[LJHQXOXL GHYLQH
REOLJDWRULH 3URWHF LD HVWH QHFHVDU  vQGHRVHEL vQ WLPSXO YLQLILF ULL GHRDUHFH vQ DFHVW VWDGLX
UHFROWD HVWH PXOW PDL VHQVLELO  OD R[LGDUH GHFkW XOWHULRU FkQG HVWH WUDQVIRUPDW  vQ YLQ 'H
DVHPHQHDSUH]HQ DR[LGRUHGXFWD]HORUvQWU RSURSRU LHPDLULGLFDW SHS U LOHVROLGHGHFkWvQVXF
GHWHUPLQ FD PXVWXLDODV DEVRDUE

 GH -4 ori mai mult oxigen dect mustul. Astfel, s-a constat

F OD PLQXWHGHOD]GURELUHDVWUXJXULORUFDQWLWDWHDGHR[LJHQGL]ROYDW vQPXVWXLDO SRDWHV 

DMXQJ OD PJO$FHVWIDSWUHOLHIHD] F vQWHKQRORJLDSURGXFHU

ii vinurilor albe separarea

PXVWXOXL GH ERWLQ  WUHEXLH I FXW  FkW PDL UDSLG ([LVWHQ D vQ PXVWXLDO  D UHVWXULORU GH IUXQ]H L
O VWDUL DD FXP VH vQWkPSO  XQHRUL vQ FD]XO UHFROWDWXOXL PHFDQL]DW LQWHQVLILF  GH 

activitatea oxidorectazelor. De aceea XQLL DXWRUL UHFRPDQG

-3 ori

 GHIROLHUHD EXWXFLORU vQDLQWH GH

LQWURGXFHUHDvQSODQWD LHDFRPELQHORUGHUHFROWDW'DWXQDVFKYLOL(1L0LGGDG]H5.

'LQWUH  WUDWDPHQWHOH FX URO DQWLR[LGDQW FDUH VH DSOLF  PXVWXLHOLL FHO PDL HILFDFH L PDL

generalizat vQ SURGXF LD YLQLFRO

V

-a dovedit sulfitarea. Prin administrare de SO2 n timpul sau

LPHGLDW GXS  RE LQHUHD PXVWXLHOLL HQ]LPHOH FDUH FDWDOL]HD]  UHDF LLOH GH R[LGRUHGXFHUH
UHVSRQVDELOH GH EUXQLILFDUHD PXVWXOXL L GH DOWH PRGLILF UL QHGRULWH VXQW SXVH v

n stare de

LQDFWLYLWDWH/DGR]HOHvQFDUHVHXWLOL]HD]  JKOELR[LGXOGHVXOIGHWHUPLQ GHDVHPHQHD

R LQDFWLYLWDWH GH VFXUW  GXUDW  D OHYXULORU L GHFL R vQWkU]LHUH vQ GHFODQDUHD IHUPHQWD LHL
DOFRROLFH SUHFXP L R GLVWUXJHUH SDU LDO  D EDFWHULLORU UHVSRQVDELOH GH DSDUL LD XQRU IHUPHQWD LL
QHGRULWHDFHWLF PDQLWLF ODFWLF HWF6 DFRQVWDWDWvQVFKLPEF 622QXvPSLHGLF PDFHUD LD

FLGLQFRQWU RIDYRUL]HD] PDLDOHVDWXQFLFkQGJUDGXOGHVXOILWDUHHVWHULGLFDW

Oxidarea mustuielii sH PDL SRDWH SUHYHQL L FX DMXWRUXO &22. n acest sens, trebuie

PHQ LRQDW IDSWXO F  LQGXVWULD YLQLFRO  D vQFHSXW V  IRORVHDVF  PDLQL L LQVWDOD LL DVWIHO HFKLSDWH
vQFkWRSHUD LLOHFHOHUHYLQ]GURELUHSUHVDUHHWFOHHIHFWXHD] vQDWPRVIHU GHJD]FDUE

onic, gaz
ce poate proveni dintr-o butelie sau de la un vas cu must n fermentare. Inconvenientul acestei
WHKQRORJLL FRQVW  vQ IDSWXO F  UHFROWD SUHOXFUDW  vQ PRPHQWXO FkQG YLQH vQ FRQWDFW FX DHUXO HVWH
YLROHQWR[LGDW LDUXUP ULOHVXQWLPDLGLILFLOGH

corectat.

3HQWUX LQDFWLYDUHD PLFURRUJDQLVPHORU vQ YHGHUHD HYLW ULL XQHL IHUPHQWD LL WLPSXULL V

-ar

PDL SXWHD IRORVL L WUDWDPHQWXO FX IULJ 3H OkQJ  XQ FRQVXP PDUH GH HQHUJLH LPSXV GH
IXQF LRQDUHD LQVWDOD LLORU IULJRULILFH WUDWDPHQWXO DUH L LQFRQYHQLHQWXO F  IDYRUL]HD]  GL]ROYDUHD
XQRUFDQWLW

LPDULGHR[LJHQvQPDVDGHPXVWXLDO 

Q DIDUD WUDWDPHQWHORU DSOLFDWH FX VFRSXO GH D GLPLQXD LQIOXHQ D G XQ WRDUH D R[LJHQXOXL
L D PLFURRUJDQLVPHORU PXVWXLDOD PDL SRDWH IL WUDWDW  L FX GLIHULWH SUHSDUDWH HQ]L

matice:

SHFWROLWLFH L SURWHROLWLFH $GDXVXO VXSOLPHQWDU GH HQ]LPH DO WXUL GH FHOH H[LVWHQWH vQ PRG
QDWXUDOvQPXVWXLDO FRQGXFH ODR KLGUROL]  PDLUDSLG D VXEVWDQ HORUSHFWLFHLDFHORUSURWHLFH

Transformarea lor din macromolecule coloidale n substaQ H FX PROHFXOHPDL PLFL GHWHUPLQ

 R

PDL UDSLG  HOLEHUDUH D VXFXOXL GLQ FHOXOH D VXEVWDQ HORU FRORUDWH L DURPDWH R PLFRUDUH D
YkVFR]LW

LLPXVWXOXLLDUFDXUPDUHVHvPEXQ W

HWHFDOLWDWHDJUDGXOGHVFXUJHUHLUDQGDPHQWXO

n must.

2.4. Separarea mXVWXOXLGHERWLQ

QWHKQRORJLDSURGXFHULLYLQXULORUDOEHVSHUDUHDPXVWXOXLGLQUHFROWD]GURELW FXVDXI U 
GHVFLRUFKLQL]DUHHVWHRRSHUD LHHVHQ LDO LGHPDUHLQIOXHQ

DVXSUDFDOLW

LL2ELQXLWOXFUDUHD

VH HIHFWXHD]  vQ GRX  HWDSH FDUH VH VXFFHG FX VDX I U  vQWUHUXSHUH vQ IXQF LH GH LQVWDOD LLOH FX
DMXWRUXOF URUDVHUHDOL]HD] QSULPDHWDS PXVWXOVHVHSDU GHFRPSRQHQWHOHVROLGHFXFDUHVH
J VHWH vQ FRQWDFW SULQ VFXUJHUH LDU vQ D GRXD HWDS  SULQ SUHVDUHD ERWLQHL 0XVWXO UH]XOWDW vQ

pULPDHWDS

SRDUW QXPHOHGHPXVWUDYDFLDUFHOGLQDGRX PXVWGHSUHV 

Separarea mustului prin scurgere

(VWHRSHUD LDFDUHSUHFHGHLXXUHD] SUHVDUHDERWLQHL6FXUJHUHDSRDWHDYHDORFvQPRG

VSRQWDQ SH FDOH JUDYLWD LRQDO  VDX SRDWH IL SURYRFDW  FkQG HVWH FXQRVFXW  L VXE QXPHOH GH
VFXUJHUHLQWHQVLILFDW QDPEHOHVLWXD LL RSHUD LD VHUHDOL]HD] FX DMXWRUXOXQRULQVWDOD LLQXPLWH
VFXUJ WRDUH FDUH SRWIL VWDWLFH SDVLYH VDX GLQDPLFH DFWLYH 3ULPHOHIXQF LRQHD]  GLVFRQWLQXX

cele din a doua categorie, continuu.

Separarea mustului prin presare

3UHVDUHDHVWHXOWLPD RSHUD LXQH GLQSURFHVXOGH SUHOXFUDUHDVWUXJXULORU&XDMXWRUXOHLVH

H[WUDJH IUDF LXQHD GH PXVW FDUH LPSUHJQHD]  ERWLQD GXS  VFXUJHUH 2SHUD LD WUHEXLH DVWIHO
FRQGXV  vQFkW GLQ ERWLQ  V  VH H[WUDJ  QXPDL VXFXO GXOFH HOLEHUDW FX RFD]LD ]GURELULL GLQ
YDFXROHOHFHOXOHORUSXOSHLQXLFHOGLQSLHOL HFDUHLPSULP XQJXVWLHUEDFHXDVWULQJHQWLDPDU
0XVWXOUH]XOWDWQXPLWLPXVWGHSUHV HVWHPDLOLPSHGHGHFkWFHOGHODVFXUJ

eri, n special de la

VFXUJHULOHSURYRFDWHFHHDFHvQVHDPQ F SULQSUHVDUHVHUHDOL]HD] LRRDUHFDUHILOWUDUH

/DYLQLILFD LDvQDOESUHVDUHDVHIDFHFkQGERWLQDHVWHSURDVS W ODYLQLILFD LDvQURXVH
HIHFWXHD]  GXS  PDFHUDUH IHUPHQWDUH DD F  GLQ DFHVW SXQFW GH YHGHUH vQWUH FHOH GRX  PRGXUL

GHSUHVDUHH[LVW XQHOHGHRVHELUL

QSULPXOFD]SUHVDUHDVHUHDOL]HD] PDLJUHXSRUQLQGGHODDFHHDLFDQWLWDWHGHVWUXJXUL
YROXPXOGHERWLQ FDUHVHSUHVHD] HVWHPDLPDUHVFXUJHUHDOLFKLGXOXLHVWHPXOWPDLDQHYRLRDV 
GLQFDX]DFRQ LQXWXOXLULGLFDWGH]DK ULvQSHFWLQHvQF GHKLGUROL]DWHERWLQDHVWHPDLERJDW vQ
PXFLODJLLLDUFkQGUHFROWDDIRVWPXFHJ LW HDIRUPHD] RPDV FRPSDFW DSURDSHLPSHUPHDELO 
SUHVDUHD SUH]LQW  XQ FDUDFWHU GH XUJHQ

 HIHFWXDW  PDL WkU]LX GH OD WHUPLQDUHD VFXUJHULL

LQIOXHQ HD]  QHIDYRUDELOFRPSR]L LD L FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH YLQXULORU PDLDOHV OD FHOH VXSHULRDUH XQGH
GXUDWDFRQWDFWXOXLPXVWXOXLFXPDWHULDOHOHVROLGHVHFHUHV ILHFkWPDLUHGXV GDF VWUXJXULLVXQW

alterD LXUJHQ DSUHV

ULLSUH]LQW RLPSRUWDQ

LPDLPDUH

/D YLQLILFD LD vQ URX SUHVDUHD VH HIHFWXHD]  SH P VXUD WHUPLQ ULL PDFHUD LHL

IHUPHQWD LHL L WUDJHULL YLQXOXL GH SH ERWLQ  &RPSR]L LD L FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH YLQXOXL VXQW
LQIOXHQ DWH GH FRQGL LLOH L GXUDWD SURFHVXOXL GH PDFHUD LH IHUPHQWD LH L PDL SX LQ VDX GHORF GH

WLPSXOLPRGXOFXPV

-a efectuat presarea.

2.5. Randamentul n must la prelucrarea strugurilor

5DQGDPHQWXOUHVSHFWLYSURFHQWXOGHPXVWFHUH]XOWDW GLQSUHOXFUDUHDVWUXJXULORUYDULD] 
vQ OLPLWH ODUJL ILLQG LQIOXHQ DW GH QXPHURL IDFWRUL 'LQWUH DFHWLD VH DPLQWHVF VRLXO JUDGXO GH
PDWXULWDWH L VWDUHD GH V Q WDWH D VWUXJXULORU WHKQRORJLD GH SUHOXFUDUH L WLSXO PDLQLORU XWLOL]DWH
&RWHD'9D
Q

DUD QRDVWU  UDQGDPHQWXO vQ PXVW FD GH DOWIHO L VF ] PLQWHOH FH VH DFRUG  OD

prelucrarea strugurilor sunt reglementate printr-un act normativ elaborat de Ministerul

$JULFXOWXULL L ,QGXVWULHL $OLPHQWDUH 0$,$ &RQIRUP DFHVWXL QRUPDWLY vQWRFPLW SH ED]D

rezultatelor de

SURGXF LH FRURERUDWH FX FHOH RE LQXWH vQ XUPD YHULILF ULORU H[SHULPHQWDOH GLQ

SUHOXFUDUHDD.JVWUXJXULGLQYL
VHOXFUHD]

DOWRLW LLQGLJHQ WUHEXLHV UH]XOWH

- 3 kg must, cnd
 FXSUHVH KLGUDXOLFHPHFDQR -KLGUDXOLFHLSQHXPDWLFHL- 3 kg cnd presarea

VHIDFHFXSUHVHFRQWLQXL6F ] PLQWHOHFDUHVHDFRUG ODSUHOXFUDUHUHSUH]LQW vQPHGLH

Randamentele de 76%, respectiv 83,5% sunt valabile numai pentru anii normali de
UHFROW  L FkQG VWUXJXULL VXQW V Q WRL Q FD]XO DQLORU VHFHWRL VDX FkQG VWUXJXULL VXQW DYDULD L
GDWRULW  JULQGLQHL DWDFXOXL GH PXFHJDL PDQ  I LQD HWF XQLW

LOH GH YLQLILFD LH vPSUHXQ  FX

GHOHJDWXO IRUXOXL WXWHODU YRU HIHFWXD H[SHULPHQW UL vQ YHGHUHD VWDELOLULL UDQGDPHQWXOXL VSHFLILF

recoltei care se prelucUHD]

QSUDFWLFDYLQLFRO PXVWXOUH]XOWDWVHFROHFWHD] GHRELFHLVHSDUDWvQWUHLFDWHJRULLDF URU

GHQXPLULLSURSRU LLID

GHFDQWLWDWHDWRWDO FRQVLGHUDW VXQWXUP WRDUHOH

DPXVWUDYDFFDUHvQPHGLHUHSUH]LQW 
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e este n medie ntr-R SURSRU LH GH  vQJOREHD]

 PXVWXO RE LQXW

GH OD SUHVDUHD , L D ,, D vQ FD]XO SUHVHORU GLVFRQWLQXL L GH OD WX XO , L ,, FkQG VH IRORVHVF

presele continui;
FPXVWGHODXOWLPDSUHVDUHvQSURSRU LHGHFRUHVSXQ]kQGvQFD]X

l preselor continui

FXFHOGHODWX XO,,,
3URSRU LLOH DFHVWRU PXVWXUL QXPLWH vQ PRG VLPSOX L PXVWXUL D E F QX VXQW DEVROXW
FRQVWDQWHFLYDULD] vQIXQF LHGHVRLDQGHUHFROW JUDGXOGHPDWXULWDWHDOVWUXJXULORUGHPRGXO

cum s-au efectuat opera LLOHGH]GURELUHLGHVFLRUFKLQDUHGHWLSXOSUHVHORULWHKQLFDSUHV

ULLHWF

$D GH H[HPSOX FkQG VWUXJXULL QX VXQW ELQH FRS L SURSRU LD PXVWXOXL UDYDF VH PLFRUHD] 
P ULQGX VH vQ VFKLPE SURSRU LD PXVWXOXL GH SUHV  3ULQ IRORVLUHD ]GURELWXOXL FHQWULI

ugal se

P UHWHSURSRU LDPXVWXOXLUDYDFLVFDGHFHOGHODSUHV HWF

3H ED]D GDWHORU GH PDL VXV FRURERUDWH FX YDORDUHD GHQVLW

LL VXFXOXL SURDVS W H[WUDV VH

FDOFXOHD]  FDQWLWDWHD GH PXVW vQ OLWUL DGLF  vQ XQLWDWHD GH P VXU  FX FDUH HVWH JHVWLRQDW

trDQVSRUWDWOLYUDWYkQGXWHWF'HH[HPSOXGDF

VHSRUQHWHGHODXQUDQGDPHQWPHGLXGHL

PXVWXO UH]XOWDW DUH FRQFHQWUD LH vQ ]DKDUXUL GH  JO FHHD FH vQVHDPQ  F  YDORDUHD GHQVLW

este de 1,075 g/cm , atunci din prelucrarea a 100 kg struguri re]XOW

LL

  OLWUL PXVW GLQ FDUH

 OLWUL PXVW UDYDF   OLWUL PXVW GH SUHV   L  OLWUL PXVW GH OD XOWLPD

presare (10%).

7(+12/2*,$35(/8&5

5,,08678/8,

$O WXULGHWHKQRORJLDGHSUHOXFUDUHDVWUXJXULORUODFDOLWDWHDYLLWRUXOXLYL

n mai contribuie

L OXFU ULOH FH VH DSOLF  PXVWXOXL vQDLQWH GH IHUPHQWDUH 'LQWUH DFHVWHD XQHOH FD DVDPEODUHD
FXSDMDUHD L GHEXUEDUHD VXQW FRQVLGHUDWH FD RSHUD LL WHKQRORJLFH ILUHWL vQWRFPDL FD L ]GURELUHD
GHVFLRUFKLQDUHD HWF FH VH HIHFWXHD]  vQ FDGU

ul fluxului tehnologic de prelucrare a strugurilor.

$OWHOH GHVHPQDWH VXE QXPHOH GH WUDWDPHQWH VH IDF FX VFRSXO GH D SUHYHQL VDX GH vQO WXUD
HYHQWXDOHOH GHIHF LXQL GDWRUDWH R[LG ULL SUH]HQ HL vQ H[FHV D SURWHLQHORU HQ]LPHORU HWF Q ILQH

tot n cadrul

RSHUD LLORU FH VH DSOLF  PXVWXOXL vQDLQWH GH IHUPHQWDUH WUHEXLH vQFDGUDWH L OXFU ULOH

GH FRUHF LH D XQRU GHILFLHQ H GH FRPSR]L LH FX DMXWRUXO F URUD VH P UHWH VDX VH PLFRUHD] 
FRQFHQWUD LDSULQFLSDOHORUFRPSRQHQWH]DKDUXULDFL]LLHYHQWXDOVXEVWDQ H

tanante.

7RDWHDFHVWHOXFU ULVXVPHQ LRQDWHVHIDFFXVFRSXOGHDVHRE LQHvQILQDOXQYLQV Q WRV

ELQHFRQVWLWXLWLHFKLOLEUDW

2SHUD LLWHKQRORJLFHDSOLFDWHPXVWXOXLvQDLQWHGHIHUPHQWDUH
3HQWUX UHDOL]DUHD XQXL YLQ DUPRQLF FRQVWLWXLW L V Q WRV XQHRUL HVWH QHFHVDU FD vQDLQWH
IHUPHQW ULLV VHHIHFWXH]HDVDPEODUHDLFXSDMDUHDPXVWXULORUFXFDUDFWHULVWLFLGLIHULWHSUHFXPL

deburbarea acestora.

Asamblarea musturilor

5HXQLUHDPXVWXOXLUDYDFFXFHOGHSUHV LHYHQWXDOFXPXVWXOGHODXOWLPDSUHVDUHSRDUW 
QXPHOH GH DVDPEODUH 2SHUD LXQHD FDUH QX vQWRWGHDXQD HVWH QHFHVDU  VH HIHFWXHD]  GLIHUHQ LDW
vQUDSRUWGHSDUWLFXODULW

LOHSHFDUHOHSUH]LQW ILHFDUHIUDF LXQHGHPXVWSUHFXPLvQIXQF LHGH

tipul de vin ce trebuie realizat.

Un alt FULWHULX GH FDUH WUHEXLH V  VH LQ  VHDPD DWXQFL FkQG VH H[HFXW  RSHUD LXQHD GH
DVDPEODUHHVWHDDGXS FXPV-DDU WDWLWLSXOGHYLQFHWUHEXLHUHDOL]DWQDFHDVW SULYLQ HVWH
XQDQLP UHFXQRVFXW F  SHQWUX SURGXFHUHD YLQXULORU GH PDUH ILQH H VDX D FHOor ce vor constitui
PDWHULH SULP  SHQWUX SUHSDUDUHD YLQXULORU VSXPDQWH VH YD IRORVL QXPDL PXVWXO UDYDF 0XVWXO
UH]XOWDWGLQDPHVWHFDUHDFHORUODOWH GRX IUDF LXQLELFYDILIHUPHQWDWVHSDUDWFXVFRSXO GHDL
VHGDDOW vQWUHEXLQ DUH

Cupajarea musturilor

$PHVWHFDUHD XQXL PXVW FX DOWXO SURYHQLW GH OD XQ VRL PDL YDORURV vQ YHGHUHD ULGLF ULL
FDOLW

LLSULPXOXLSRDUW QXPHOHGHFXSDMDUH2SHUD LDFDDWDUHQXFRQVWLWXLHRYHULJ WHKQRORJLF 

QHFHVDU  FL GLQ FRQWU  HVWH FKLDU FRQWUDLQGLFDW  GHRDUHFH FDUDF

terul vinului rezultat este mai

SX LQ GHILQLW 8QHRUL VH DGDXJ  WRWXL vQ PXVWXUL FX JXVW L PLURV QDWXUDO -10% must provenit
dintr-un soi puternic aromat. Efectundu-VH vQDLQWH GH IHUPHQWDUH DVHPHQHD LQWHUYHQ LH SUH]LQW 
DYDQWDMXO F  VH SRDWH SOHFD GH OD vQFHSXW FX XQ YLQ WkQ U PDL DURPLF GHFkW FHO FDUH DU UH]XOWD

ulterior din combinarea partenerilor ce au fermentat separat.

Deburbarea mustului

0XVWXO RE LQXW GLQ SUHOXFUDUHD VWUXJXULORU FRQ LQH vQ VXVSHQVLH LPSXULW

L VROLGH FDUH

LPSULP  DFHVWXLD XQ DQXPLW JUDG GH WXOEXUHDO  $QVDPEOXO WXWXURU DFHVWRU LPSXULW

L SRDUW 

QXPHOH GH EXUE  LDU RSHUD LD GH OLPSH]LUH D PXVWXOXL L GH HOLPLQDUH D EXUEHL VH QXPHWH

deburbare.

1DWXUDLRULJLQHDEXUEHLGLQPXVW

,PSXULW

LOH VROLGH FDUH LQWU  vQ DOF WXLUHD EXUEHL VXQW GH QDWXU  GLIHULW  SDUWLFXOH GH

S PkQW UHVWXUL GH VXEVWDQ H IRORVLWH OD FRPEDWHUHD EROLORU L G XQ WRULORU IUDJPHQWH GH
FLRUFKLQL SLHOL H L XQHRUL GH VHPLQ H FRQLGLL L FRQLGLRIRUL GH OD GLIHULWH FLXSHUFL IUDJPHQWH L

spori de mucegaiuri; levXULLEDFWHULLFULVWDOHGHWDUWUDWDFLGGHSRWDVLXLWDUWUDWQHXWUXGHFDOFLX

VXEVWDQ HSHFWLFHSURWLGLFHLWDQDQWHLQVROXELOHSOXVGLIHULWHPXFLODJLLLJXPHYHJHWDOH

1HFHVLWDWHDLLQIOXHQ DGHEXUE

ULL

0HQ LQXW  vQ PXVW EXUED VXIHU  XQ SURFHV GH PDFHUD LH vQ XUPD F UXLD FRQVWLWXHQ LL
VROXELOL GLQ LPSXULW

LOH VROLGH FH R DOF WXLHVF WUHF vQ ID]D OLFKLG  $FHDVW  WUHFHUH HVWH PXOW

DFFHQWXDW vQWLPSXOIHUPHQWD LHLPXVWXOXLGDWRULW FUHWHULLWHPSHUDWXULLLIRUP ULLDOFRROXOXLQ

raport de cantiWDWHDLQDWXUDFRQVWLWXHQ LORUH[WUDLYLQXOSRDWHF

FHLvQU XW

S WDPLURVXULLJXVWXULVWU LQH

HVFFDOLWDWHD

)DSWXO F  SULQ GHEXUEDUH VH vQO WXU  FHD PDL PDUH SDUWH GLQ VXVSHQVLL vQVHDPQ  F  L
VXSUDID D GHFRQWDFW OLFKLG VROLG HVWH PXOW PLFRUDW  QDFHDVW  VLWXD LH WHPSHUDWXUD L ULWPXO GH

IHUPHQWDUHVHDWHQXHD] GUHSWXUPDUHSLHUGHULOHGHDOFRROLDURP VXQWPDLPLFLLDURSDUWHGLQ

]DK U SRDWH U PkQH QHIHUPHQWDW 3ULYLW  GLQ DFHVW SXQFW GH YHGHUH GHEXUEDUHD SRDWH FRQVWLWXL
GHFL L XQ DMXWRU SUH LRV vQ RE LQHUHD YLQXULORU FX UHVW GH ]DK U I U  V  vQORFXLDVF  ELQHvQ HOHV
FHOHODOWH PLMORDFH FX DMXWRUXO F URUD VH SRDWH VLVWD IHUPHQWD LD DD FXP R FHUH WHKQRORJLD

producerii unor astfel de vinuri.

Procedee de deburbare
Mustul tulbure poate fi considerat ca un sistem eterogen (suspensie) format dintr-un

PHGLX OLFKLG vQ FDUH VXQW GLVSHUVDWH SDUWLFXOH VROLGH GH GLIHULWH IRUPH L GLPHQVLXQL 6HSDUDUHD
FHORUGRX ID]HOLFKLG VROLGvQYHGHUHDRE LQHULLXQXLPXVWOLPSHGHVHSRDWHUHDOL]DILHXWLOL

znd

DF LXQHD IRU HL JUDYLWD LHL VDX D IRU HL FHQWULIXJH ILH UH LQHUHD SDUWLFXOHORU VROLGH SH VWUDWXUL
ILOWUDQWH Q FRQIRUPLWDWH FX FHOH PHQ LRQDWH GHEXUEDUHD HVWH SRVLELO  V  VH HIHFWXH]H SULQ WUHL

mari procedee: sedimentare-GHFDQWDUHFHQWULIXJDUHLIiltrare.

a) Deburbarea mustului prin sedimentare decantare
Sedimentarea FRQVW  vQ GHSXQHUHD SULQ F GHUH OLEHU
LPSXULW

 VXE DF LXQHD IRU HL JUDYLWD LHL D

LORU VROLGH GLVSHUVDWH vQ PDVD PXVWXOXL LDU GHFDQWDUHD HVWH RSHUD LD GH VHSDUH D

lichidului limpede de pe sediment.

'HEXUEDUHDVXEDF LXQHDIULJXOXL QDWXUDO HVWHSRVLELO  OD PXVWXULOHRE LQXWH GLQVRLXUL FH
VH UHFROWHD]  WkU]LX vQ WRDPQHOH UHFL SRDWH IL DSOLFDW  L OD VRLXUL PDL WLPSXULL 5H]XOWDWHOH VXQW
EXQH PDL DOHV DWXQFL FkQG UHFROWD HVWH V Q WRDV  LDU PXVWXO EHQHILFLD]  GH IULJXO GLQ WLPSXO
QRS LL

Decantarea

FRQVW 

vQ

VHSDUDUHD

PXVWXOXL

OLPSHGH

GH

EXUED

GHSXV 

vQ

WLPSXO

VHGLPHQW ULL Q IXQF LH GH PRGXO FXP VXQW HFKLSDWH YDVHOH VDX ED]LQHOH GH GHFDQWDUH
RSHUD LXQHD VH SRDWH H[HFXWD vQ PDL PXOWH PRGXUL $VWIHO FkQG DFHVWHD VXQW SUHY ]XWH FX
URELQHWH GH VFXUJHUH GLVSXVH OD GLIHULWH QLYHOHHYDFXDUHD PXVWXOXL OLPSHGH VH UHDOL]HD]  vQ PRG
VLPSOX SULQ GHVFKLGHUHD VXFFHVLY  GH VXV vQ MRV D URELQHWHORU ILJ  /D XQHOH WLSXUL GH ED]LQH

decantaUHDVHSRDWHIDFHFXDMXWRUXOXQXLGLVSR]LWLY FXFRWPRELOFDUHSULQURWLUHG

 SRVLELOLWDWHD

UHJO ULLvQ O LPLLGHSUHOXDUH&kQGYDVHOHGHGHFDQWDUHQXVXQWHFKLSDWHFXDVWIHOGHURELQH LVDX

dispozitive, tragerea mustului se face cu ajutorul unei pompe.

Q DFHVW FD] VH YD DYHD JULM  FD

IXUWXQXO GH DVSLUD LH V  ILH FRERUkW SURJUHVLY DGLF  SH P VXU  FH QLYHOXO OLFKLGXOXL VFDGH
,QWURGXFHUHD OXL GH OD vQFHSXW SkQ  DSURDSH GH OLQLD GH VHSDUD LH GLQWUH PXVW L GHSR]LW GXFH OD
IRUPDUHDXQRUFXUHQ LFDUHDQWUHQHD] SDUWHGLQEXUE GLQQRXvQPXVWFRPSURPL kQGX

-se astfel

vQV LXWLOLWDWHDGHEXUE ULL

'LQWUH LQFRQYHQLHQWHOH GHEXUE ULL PXVWXOXL SULQ VHGLPHQWDUH
LPSRVLELOLWDWHD FD RSHUD LXQHD V  VH GHVI

decantare se amintesc:
RDUH vQ IOX[ FRQWLQXX QHFHVLWDWHD Ge a avea multe

ED]LQH VDX F ]L GH OLPSH]LUH SUHFXP L VSD LX VXILFLHQW SHQWUX DPSODVDUHD ORU RSHUD LXQHD
UHFODP  R GXUDW  GH WLPS OXQJ  L UHODWLY PXOW  IRU
EXUE FDUHUH]XOW HVWHvQJHQHUDOSUHDPDUH

 GH PXQF  PDQXDO  L vQ ILQH YROXPXO GH

b) Deburbarea prin centrifugare

Centrifugarea HVWH RSHUD LD GH VHSDUDUH VXE DF LXQHD IRU HL FHQWULIXJH D FRPSRQHQ LORU
FX GHQVLWDWH GLIHULW  GLQWU-un amestec eterogen (suspensie sau emulsie). Comparativ cu
deburbarea prin sedimentare-decantare, limpezirea prin DFHVW SURFHGHX HVWH PXOW PDL UDSLG 
&ODXGH(DUDW F FHQWULIXJDUHDHVWHRGHFDQWDUHDFFHOHUDW 
9LWH]D GH vQGHS UWDUH D SDUWLFXOHORU GH WXOEXUHDO  GLQ PXVW VXE DF LXQHD FkPSXOXL
FHQWULIXJDOSRDWHILUHGDW SULQH[SUHVLD

Vsc =

2g (p m )d p 2
9 m

r n 2

n care VscHVWHYLWH]DGHVHGLPHQWDUHvQFkPSFHQWULIXJDOUHVWHUD]DGHURWD LHFDUHHVWH

DSUR[LPDWLYHJDO FXUD]DFHQWULIXJHLLDUQHVWHYLWH]DGHURWD LH

'LQUHOD LDGHPDLVXVUHLHVHF YLWH]DGHVHGLPHQWDUHDLPSXULW

LORUVROLGHGLQPXVW

sub

DF LXQHDIRU HLFHQWULIXJHFDLvQFD]XOVHGLPHQW ULLvQFkPSJUDYLWD LRQDOHVWHFXDWkWPDLPDUH

FX FkW FHOH GRX  GHQVLW

L GLIHU  PDL PXOW vQWUH HOH GLDPHWUHOH SDUWLFXOHORU VXQW PDL PDUL LDU

YkVFR]LWDWHD PXVWXOXL PDL PLF  /D GHEXUEDUHD SULQ FHQWULIXJDUH YLWH]D GH vQGHS UWDUH D
SDUWLFXOHORUHVWHvQVFKLPEFXPXOWPDLPDUHHDFUHWHOLQLDUFXUD]DGHURWD LHLSURSRU LRQDOFX

S WUDWXOYLWH]HLGHURWD LHQ XOWLPDILLQGKRW UkWRDUH

c) Deburbarea prin filtrare

QP VXUDvQ FDUHHVWHQHYRLHV VHRE LQ  XQPXVWFXOLPSLGLWDWHULGLFDW vQWU

-un termen

UHODWLY VFXUW L FX SLHUGHUL IRDUWH PLFL GHEXUEDUHD V DU SXWHD HIHFWXD L SULQ ILOWUDUH 2SHUD LD

FRQVW vQVHSDUDUHDSDUWLFXOHORUGHWXOEXUHDO GLQPXVWODWUHFHUHDDFHVWXLDSULQWU

-un mediu poros.

&RPSDUDW  FX FHOHODOWH GRX  RSHUD LL GH VHSDUDUH VHGLPHQWDUHD L FHQWULIXJDUHD ILOWUDUHD VH
FDUDFWHUL]HD]  SULQ IDSWXO F  QX HVWH FRQGL LRQDW  GH GLIHUHQ D GLQWUH GHQVLW
VHSDU $FHVWSURFHGHXHVWHvQV H[WUHPGHSX LQH[WLQVvQSU

)(50(17$

,$,0$&(5$

LOH ID]HORU FDUH VH

actica limpezirii mustului.

,$17(+12/2*,$

PRODUCERII VINULUI
)HUPHQWD LDDOFRROLF

DPXVWXOXL

3URFHVXOGHIHUPHQWD LHDOFRROLF SULQIRUPDOXLGHPDQLIHVWDUHDIRVWFXQRVFXWLXWLOL]DW

vQWHKQLFDSUHSDU ULLXQRUE X

turi, din cele mai vechi timpuri. n schimb cauzele care-OSURYRDF

DX IRVW O PXULWH GHVWXO GH WkU]LX L DQXPH DELD SULQ VHFROXO  FkQG D DX S UXW PDL PXOWH WHRULL
8QHOHGLQDFHVWHDVXV LQHDXF IHUPHQWD LDDOFRROLF HVWHXQSURFHVSXUFKLPLFvQWLPSFH

altele,

GLQFRQWU GHPRQVWUDXF HVWHXQIHQRPHQELRORJLF

Q SUH]HQW IHUPHQWDUHD HVWH GHILQLW  FD XQ SURFHV GH GHJUDGDUH ELRFKLPLF  VXE DF LXQHD
HQ]LPHORU D XQRU SURGXVH QDWXUDOH FX VWUXFWXUL FRPSOH[H vQ SURGXVH FX VWUXFWXU  PDL VLPSO 

Prin acest pURFHVVHGHJDM

vQWRWGHDXQDHQHUJLHvQPDMRULWDWHDHLVXEIRUP GHHQHUJLHFDORULF 

)HUPHQWD LDDOFRROLF DPXVWXOXLHVWHWRWXQSURFHVELRFKLPLFVSRQWDQVDXSURYRFDWSULQ

FDUH JOXFLGHOH VH WUDQVIRUP  vQ DOFRRO HWLOLF L &22 FD SURGXL SULQFLSDOL vQVR L L GH R VHULH GH
SURGXLVHFXQGDUL3URFHVXOGHDVHPHQHDHVWHH[RHQHUJLF

$FHVWHD HQ]LPH LQWHUYLQ vQ UHDF LLOH GH WUDQVIRUPDUH D JOXFLGHORU GXS  PHFDQLVPXO
JHQHUDO GH DF LXQH DO ELRFDWDOL]DWRULORU Q SULQFLSLX HQ]LPD VH FRPELQ  FX PROHFXOD UHDFWDQW
QXPLW  JHQHULF VXEVWUDW L IRUPHD]  XQ FRPSXV LQWHUPHGLDU HQ]LP

-substrat. La rndul lui acest

FRPSXV LQWHUPHGLDU VH SRDWH FRPELQD FX DOW  PROHFXO  UHDFWDQW  IRUPkQG SURGXL GH UHDF LH L
UHJHQHUkQG HQ]LPD (Q]LPD DVWIHO UHJHQHUDW  HVWH FDSDELO  V  UHLD G

in nou ciclul respectiv.

6FKHPDWLFSURFHVXOVHSRDWHUHSUH]HQWDWvQPRGXOXUP WRU

(Q]LP VXEVWUDW

(Q]LP 

substrat

(Q]LP 

3URGXLGHUHDF LHHQ]LP

substrat+R

'DWRULW 

FRQVLGHUHQWHORU

VXV

PHQ LRQDWH

vQ

LQGXVWULD

YLQLFRO 

VH

SUDFWLF

numai

IHUPHQWD LD FX OHYXUL QXPLW  GH 3DVWHXU OD YLH VDQV DLU vQWUXFkW HVWH XQ SURFHV FDWDEROLF
DQDHUREQDFHVWSURFHVOHYXULOHvLSURFXU HQHUJLDQHFHVDU vQGHSOLQLULLIXQF LLORUORUYLWDOHGLQ
GHJUDGDUHDJOXFLGHORUI U LQWHUYHQ LDR[LJHQXOXLFRQIRUPUHDF LHLJOREDOH

C6H12O6

2CH3 CH2OH+2CO2-33 Kcalorii

7HKQRORJLDIHUPHQW

ULLPXVWXOXL

Q WHKQRORJLD GH RE LQHUH D YLQXOXL DOE IHUPHQWD LD DOFRROLF  D PXVWXOXL UHSUH]LQW  R
YHULJ  GHFLVLY  vQWUXFkW HVWH HWDSD vQ FDUH HO VH QDWH 'H PRGXO FXP HVWH SDUFXUV  DFHDVW 
HWDS  GHSLQGH vQ PDUH P VXU  QLYHOXO FDOLWDWLY DO YLQXOXL (D WUHEXLH UHDOL]DW  FkW PDL ELQH GLQ
SXQFWGHYHGHUHWHKQRORJLFvQWUXFkWDUHUHSHUFXUVLXQLLDVXSUDHYROX LHLXOWHULRDUHDYLQXOXL

Pentru ca fermentarea mustuOXL V

 VH GHFODQH]H L V  GHFXUJ  FkW PDL ELQH HVWH QHFHVDU

FDvQSULPXOUkQGV  VHDVLJXUHOHYXULORUXQPHGLX RSWLPGHGH]YROWDUH$FHVWHDFD RULFHILLQ H

YLL DX QHYRLH GH VXEVWDQ H QXWULWLYH L DQXPLWH FRQGL LL GH PHGLX 3ULPHOH VXQW GH RELFHL

asiJXUDWHGHF

WUHPXVWFDDWDUHI U DUPDLILQHFHVDUYUHXQDGDRVVXSOLPHQWDU

'LQWUH FRQGL LLOH GH PHGLX VH PDL vQWkOQHVFvQ SULQFLSDODHUD LD L WHPSHUDWXUD $HUD LD
DWkW FkW HVWH QHYRLH VH UHDOL]HD]  vQ SURFHVXO GH SUHOXFUDUH DO VWUXJXULORU 8OWH

rior, ea este

vPSLHGLFDW SULQHFKLSDUHDYDVHORUFXGLVSR]LWLYHSULQFDUHVHOLPLWHD] S WUXQGHUHDDHUXOXLFDUH

n schimb, permit evacuarea CO2 QWUXFkW UHDF LD GH GHJUDGDUH D JOXFLGHORU HVWH vQVR LW

 L GH R

GHJDMDUHGHF OGXU YDWUHEXLFDVROX LLOHWHKQLFHDGRSWDWHV DVLJXUHQXQXPDLHOLPLQDUHDJD]XOXL

FDUERQLFLDH[FHVXOXLGHF OGXU 

8PSOHUHDYDVHORUGHIHUPHQWDUHFXPXVWLHFKLSDUHDORU

'XS  RE LQHUHD DVDPEODUHD L DSOLFDUHD XQRU HYHQWXDOH WUDWDPHQWH (ca de exemplu,

sulfitare, bentonizare, tratament termic, tratament enzimatic etc.)- mustul este dirijat n vasele de
IHUPHQWDUH6HSUHFL]HD] F DFHVWHDQXVHXPSOXFRPSOHW/DILHFDUHGLQHOHVHODV XQVSD LXGH
UH]HUY  QXPLW JRO GH IHUPHQWDUH FDUH vQ JHQHUDO HVWH GH DSUR[LPDWLY  GLQ

capacitatea
butoiului. Cnd musturile au fost deburbate, golul de fermentare poate fi redus la 5% . Din
FRQWU  GDF  VH SUHYHGH R IHUPHQWDUH PDL WXUEXOHQW  DD FXP HVWH FD]XO OD PXVWXULOH SURYHQLWH
GLQ VWUXJXUL LQFRPSOHW FRS L DWXQFL SHQWUX D VH HYLWD SHULFROXO GHERUG ULL VSD LXO GH UH]HUY 
SRDWHV FUHDVF SkQ OD

)D]HOHGHGHVI

XUDUHDOHIHUPHQWD LHLDOFRROLFH

)HUPHQWDUHD PXVWXOXL QX GHFXUJH vQ PRG XQLIRUP Q GHVI XUDUHD DFHVWXL SURFHV VH SRW
GLVWLQJHWUHLID]HSUHIHUPHQWDWLY GHIHUPHQWDUHWXPXOWRDV LSRVWIHUPHQWDWLY 

a)

)D]D SUHIHUPHQWDWLY

 QXPLW  L ID]  LQL LDO  VH GHVI RDU  GH OD LQWURGXFHUHD

PXVWXOXLvQYDVXOGHIHUPHQWDUHSkQ ODGHJDMDUHDHYLGHQW D&22GLQWRDW PDVDGHOLFKLG

Macroscopic, n cursul acestei faze, se observ  FXP PXVWXO vQFHSH V  VH WXOEXUH LDU
- 30&&RQ LQXWXOvQJOXFLGHvQFHSHV VFDG LLPSOLFLWVHPLFRUHD] L

WHPSHUDWXUDXUF OHQWFX

GHQVLWDWHD PXVWXOXL &X WRDWH F  VH IRUPHD]  &22 GHJDMDUHD DFHVWXLD LQL LDO QX VH REVHUY 

GHRDUHFHHOVHGL]ROY vQOLFKLG7UHSWDWvQV &22vQFHSHV VHGHJDMHLDUODVXSUDID DOLFKLGXOXLVH

IRUPHD] VSXP FHDFHLPSXQHSUH]HQ DXQXLDQXPLWVSD LXGHUH]HUY QXPLWJROGHIHUPHQWDUH

QFRQGL LLOHvQFDUHYDVXOQXHVWHHFKLSDWFXSkOQLLGHIHUPHQWDUHVDXDOWHGLVSR]LWL

ve de nchidere

FDUHV vPSLHGLFHDFFHVXODHUXOXLFDOLWDWHDYLQXOXLSRDWHILDIHFWDW $FHDVWDVHGDWRUHD] IDSWXOXL

F  vQ VSXPD IRUPDW  OD VXSUDID D OLFKLGXOXL vQ SUH]HQ D DHUXOXL VH SRW GH]YROWD XRU L DOWH

IHUPHQWD LLGHFkWFHDDOFRROLF 'XUDWDDFHVWHLID]HLQL LDOHHVWHGHRELFHLVFXUW GH

b)

)D]D GH IHUPHQWDUH WXPXOWRDV

  ]JRPRWRDV

-3 zile.

 VH GHVI RDU  GH OD WHUPLQDUHD ID]HL

SUHIHUPHQWDWLYHSkQ ODVF GHUHDHYLGHQW DGHJDM ULLGH&22QDFHDVW ID] GDWRULW IDSWXOXLF 

levurile se nmul HVF UDSLG L DX R DFWLYLWDWH IRDUWH LQWHQV  WHPSHUDWXUD OLFKLGXOXL FUHWH IRDUWH
- 300&&RQ LQXWXO vQ ]DKDUXUL VFDGHLQWHQVDWU JkQG GXS 
VLQH FUHWHUHD JUDGXOXL DOFRROLF L IRUPDUHD XQRU FDQWLW L PDUL GH JD] FDUERnic. Bioxidul de

UHSHGH DMXQJkQG LFKLDU GHS LQG 

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2.

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