Tch v hng ca hai vect

Trn S Tng

CHNG II
II
CHNG
TCH V
V HNG
HNG CA
CAHAI
HAI VECT
VECT
TCH
V NG
NG DNG
DNG
V
GI TR
TR LNG
LNG GIC
GIC CA
CAMT
MT GC
GC BT
BT K
K
I.I. GI
T N
N
T
1. nh ngha

Ly M trn na ng tron n v tam O. Xet goc nhon = xOM

.
Gia s M(x; y).
sin = y (tung o)
y
cos = x (hoanh o)
y tungo
M
y
tan =
(x 0)

x hoa
nho

x1

-1
O
x

x hoa
nho
cot =
(y

0)

y tungo
Ch : Nu t th cos < 0, tan < 0, cot < 0.
tan ch xc nh khi 900, cot ch xc nh khi 00 v 1800.
2. Tnh cht
Gc ph nhau
Gc b nhau

sin(900 ) cos
cos(900 ) sin
tan(900 ) cot
cot(900 ) tan
3. Gi tr lng gic ca cc gc c bit
00
300
450

sin(1800 ) sin
cos(1800 ) cos
tan(1800 ) tan
cot(1800 ) cot
600

900

1800

sin

1
2

2
2

cos

3
2

2
2

3
2
1
2

tan

3
3

cot

3
3

4. Cc h thc c bn
sin
(cos 0)
cos
cos
cot
(sin 0)
sin
tan .cot 1(sin .cos 0)
tan

Ch :

0 sin 1; 1 cos 1.

sin2 cos2 1
1
1 tan2
(cos 0)
cos2
1
1 cot2
(sin 0)
sin2

Trang 12

Tch v hng ca hai vect

Bai 1.

Trn S Tng

Tnh gi tr cc biu thc sau:

a) asin00 bcos00 csin900

c) a2 sin900 b2 cos900 c2 cos1800

b) acos900 bsin900 csin1800

d) 3 sin2 900 2cos2 600 3tan2 450

e) 4a2 sin2 450 3(atan450)2 (2acos450)2

Bai 2.
Tnh gi tr ca cc biu thc sau:
a) sin x cos x khi x bng 00; 450; 600.
b) 2sin x cos2x khi x bng 450; 300.
Bai 3.
Cho bit mt gi tr lng gic ca mt gc, tnh cc gi tr lng gic cn li:
1
1
a) sin , nhn.
b) cos
c) tan x 2 2
4
3
6 2
Bai 4.
Bit sin150
. Tinh cos150, tan150, cot150 .
4
Bai 5.
Cho bit mt gi tr lng gic ca mt gc, tnh gi tr ca mt biu thc:
1
tan x 3cot x 1
a) sin x , 900 x 1800 . Tnh A
.
3
tan x cot x
sin cos
b) tan 2 . Tnh B 3
sin 3cos3 2sin
Bai 6.
Chng minh cc ng thc sau:
a) (sin x cos x)2 1 2sin x.cos x
b) sin4 x cos4 x 1 2sin2 x.cos2 x
c) tan2 x sin2 x tan2 x.sin2 x
d) sin6 x cos6 x 1 3sin2 x.cos2 x
e) sin x.cos x(1 tan x)(1 cot x) 1 2sin x.cos x
Bai 7.
n gin cc biu thc sau:
a) cosy sin y.tan y
b) 1 cosb. 1 cosb
c) sina 1 tan2 a
d)

1 cos2 x
1 sin2 x

tan x.cot x

e)

1 4sin2 x.cos2 x
(sin x cos x)2

f) sin(900 x) cos(1800 x) sin2 x(1 tan2 x) tan2 x

Bai 8.
Tnh gi tr cc biu thc sau:
2
0
a) cos 12 cos2 780 cos2 10 cos2 890
b) sin2 30 sin2 150 sin2 750 sin2 870
Bai 9.

a)

II. TCH
TCH V
V HNG
HNG CA
CAHAI
HAI VECT
VECT
II.
r
a

1. Gc gia hai vect

Trang 13

r A
a
r
b B

r
b

Trn S Tng
uuu
r r uuu
r r
r r r
Cho a, b 0 . T mt im O bt k v OA a,OB b .
r r
Khi a
, b AOB vi 00 AOB 1800.

Tch v hng ca hai vect

Ch :
r r
r r
+ a, b = 900 a b
r r
r r
+ a, b = 00 a, b cng hng
r r
r r
+ a, b = 1800 a, b ngc hng
r r
r r
+ a, b b, a
2. Tch v hng ca hai vect
rr r r
r r
nh ngha:
a.b a . b .cos a,b .
rr r
r2
c bit:
a.a a2 a .
r r r
Tnh cht:
Vi a, b, c bt k v kR, ta c:
r r r
rr rr
r r r r;
+ a
a b c a.b a.c ;
.b b.a
r
r
r
r
r
r r
kar .b k ar.b ar. kb ;
a2 0; a2 0 a 0.
r
r r
r r 2 r2
rr r
+ a
ar b 2 ar 2 2ar.b b2 ;
b a 2a.b b2 ;
r
r
r r r r
a2 b2 a b a b .
r r
r r
rr
rr
+ a.b > 0 a, b nhon
+ a.b < 0 a, b tu
r r
rr
a.b = 0 a, b vuong.
3. Biu thc to ca tch v hng
r
rr
r
Cho a = (a1, a2), b = (b1, b2). Khi : a.b a1b1 a2b2 .
r
a a12 a22 ;

r r
cos(a, b)

Cho A(xA; yA ), B(xB; yB ) . Khi :

a1b1 a2b2
a12 a22 . b12 b22

r r
a b a1b1 a2b2 0

AB (xB xA )2 (yB yA )2 .

uuu
r uuur Cho tam gic ABCuuvung
ur uuu
r ti A, AB = a, BC = 2a.
uuu
rTnh
uuu
r cc tch v hng:
a) AB.AC
b) AC.CB
c) AB.BC
Bai 2.
cnh
bng a. Tnh cc tch
hng:
uuu
r uuur Cho tam gic ABCuuu
ur uuu
r
uuu
rv
uuu
r
a) AB.AC
b) AC.CB
c) AB.BC
Bai 3.
Cho bnuu
im
B,
u
r uuu
rA, u
uu
rC,
uurD bt
uuurk.
uuu
r
a) Chng minh: DA.BC DB.CA DC.AB 0 .
b) T suy ra mt cch chng minh nh l: "Ba ng cao trong tam gic ng qui".
Bai 4.
Cho tamuu
gic
ABC
tuyn
AD, BE, CF. Chng minh:
u
r uuu
r uurvi
uuu
rba trung
uuu
r uuu
r
BC.AD CA.BE AB.CF 0.
Bai 5.
Cho hai im M, N nm trn ng trn ng knh AB = 2R. Gi I l giao
im ca hai ng
v
uuur uurthng
uuu
r AM
uur u
uurBN.
uur uur uur
a) Chng minh: AM.AI AB.AI , BN.BI BA.BI .
uuur uur uuur uur
b) Tnh AM.AI BN.BI theo R.
Bai 6.
uuu
rCho
uuur tam gic ABC c AB = 5, BC = 7, AC = 8.
a) Tnh AB.AC , ri suy ra gi tr ca gc A.
uur uuu
r
b) Tnh CACB
. .
uuur uuu
r
c) Gi D l im trn CA sao cho CD = 3. Tnh CD.CB .
Bai 1.

Trang 14

Tch v hng ca hai vect

Bai 7.

uuu
r uuur
a) AB.AC
uuu
r uuur
d) AB.BD
HD: a) a2

Trn S Tng

Cho hnh vung ABCD

Tnh
uuu
r cnh
uuur a.
uuu
r uugi
u
r tr cc biu
uuur thc
uuu
r sau:uuur uuu
r
b) ( AB AD)(BD BC )
c) ( AC AB)(2AD AB)
uuu
r uuur uuur uuu
r uuur uuur
e) ( AB AC AD)(DA DB DC )

b) a2
c) 2a2
d) a2
e) 0
Bai 8.
uuu
rCho
uuur tam gic ABC c AB = 2, BC = 4, CA = 3.
a) Tnh AB.AC , ri suy ra cosA.
uuur uuu
r
b) Gi G l trng tm ca ABC. Tnh AG.BC .
uuu
r uuu
r uuu
r uuur uuur uuu
r
c) Tnh gi tr biu thc S = GAGB
. GB.GC GC.GA .
uuu
r uuur
uuur
d) Gi AD l phn gic trong ca gc BAC (D BC). Tnh AD theo AB, AC , suy ra
AD.
uuu
r uuur
uuur uuu
r 5
3
1
29
HD: a) AB.AC , cos A
b) AG.BC
c) S
2
4
3
6
uuur AB uuur
uuur 3 uuu
r 2 uuur
54
d) S dng tnh cht ng phn gic DB
.DC AD AB AC , AD
AC
5
5
5
0
Bai 9.
Cho tam gic ABC c AB = 2, AC = 3, A = 60 . M l trung im ca BC.
a) Tnh BC, AM.
uu
r uur r uur
uur
b) Tnh IJ, trong I, J c xc nh bi: 2IA IB 0, J B 2J C .
2
7
b) IJ =
133
3
2
Bai 10.
Cho t gic ABCD.
uuur uuur
a) Chng minh AB2 BC 2 CD2 DA2 2AC.DB .
b) Suy ra iu kin cn v t gic c hai ng cho vung gc l:
AB2 CD2 BC 2 DA2 .
Bai 11.
Cho tam gic ABC c trc tm H, M l trung im ca BC. Chng minh:
uuuu
r uuur 1
MH .MA BC 2 .
4
Bai 12.
Cho hnh ch nht ABCD, M l mt im bt k. Chng minh:
uuur uuur uuur uuuu
r
2
a) MA MC 2 MB2 MD2
b) MA.MC MB.MD
uuur uuuu
r
uuur uuur
c) MA2 MB.MD 2MA.MO (O l tm ca hnh ch nht).
Bai 13.
Cho tam gic ABC c A(1; 1), B(5; 3), C(2; 0).
a) Tnh chu vi v nhn dnguu
tam
ur gic
uuu
rABC.
uuur
b) Tm to im M bit CM 2AB 3AC .
c) Tm tm v bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Bai 14.
uuu
r Cho
uuur tam gic ABC c A(1; 2), B(2; 6), C(9; 8).
a) Tnh AB.AC . Chng minh tam gic ABC vung ti A.
b) Tm tm v bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
c) Tm to trc tm H v trng tm G ca tam gic ABC.
d) Tnh chu vi, din tch tam gic ABC.
e) Tm to im M trn Oy B, M, A thng hng.
f) Tm to im N trn Ox tam gic ANC cn ti N.
g) Tm to im D ABDC l hnh ch nht.
h) Tm to im K trn u
Ox
l
thang y AO.
ur uAOKB
ur uuu
r hnh
r
i) Tm to im T tho TA 2TB 3TC 0
k) Tm to im E i xng vi A qua B.
l) Tm to im I chn ng phn gic trong ti nh C ca ABC.
Bai 15.
Cho tam gic ABC. tm tp hp nhng im M sao cho:
HD: a) BC = 19 , AM =

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Trn S Tng

Tch v hng ca hai vect

u
u
u
r
u
u
u
r
u
u
ur uuur
uuur uuur
a) MA2 2MA.MB
b) (MA MB)(2MB MC ) 0
uuur uuur uuur uuur
uuur uuur uuur uuur
c) (MA MB)(MB MC ) 0
d) 2MA2 MA.MB MA.MC
Bai 16.
Cho hnh vung ABCD cnh a, tm O. Tm tp hp nhng im M sao cho:
uuur uuur uuur uuuu
r
uuur uuur uuur uuuu
r
a) MA.MC MB.MD a2
b) MA.MB MC.MD 5a2
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
c) MA2 MB2 MC 2 3MD2
d) (MA MB MC )(MC MB) 3a2
Bai 17.
Cho t gic ABCD, I, J ln lt l trung im ca AB v CD. Tm tp hp
uuur uuur uuur uuuu
r 1
im M sao cho: MA.MB MC.MD IJ 2 .
2
Bai 18.

a)

III. H
H THC
THC LNG
LNG TRONG
TRONG TAM
TAM GIC
GIC
III.
Cho ABC c:

di cc cnh: BC = a, CA = b, AB = c
di cc ng trung tuyn v t cc nh A, B, C: ma, mb, mc
di cc ng cao v t cc nh A, B, C: ha, hb, hc
bn knh ng trn ngoi tip, ni tip tam gic: R, r
na chu vi tam gic: p
din tch tam gic: S
Trang 16

Tch v hng ca hai vect

Trn S Tng

1. nh l csin
a2 b2 c2 2bc.cos A ;
b2 c2 a2 2ca.cosB ;
2. nh l sin
a
b
c

2R
sin A sin B sinC
3. di trung tuyn
2(b2 c2) a2
2(a2 c2) b2
;
;
ma2
mb2
4
4
4. Din tch tam gic
1
1
1
S = aha bhb chc
2
2
2
1
1
1
= bcsin A casin B absinC
2
2
2
abc
=
4R
= pr
= p( p a)( p b)( p c) (cng thc Hrng)

c2 a2 b2 2ab.cosC

mc2

2(a2 b2) c2
4

Gii tam gic l tnh cc cnh v cc gc ca tam gic khi bit mt s yu t cho trc.
5. H thc lng trong tam gic vung (nhc li)
Cho ABC vung ti A, AH l ng cao.
BC 2 AB2 AC 2 (nh l Pitago)
AB2 BC.BH ,
AH 2 BH .CH ,

AC 2 BC.CH
1
1
1

2
2
AH
AB
AC 2

AH .BC AB.AC
b a.sin B a.cosC c tan B c cotC ; c a.sinC a.cosB btanC bcotC
6. H thc lng trong ng trn (b sung)
Cho ng trn (O; R) v im M c nh.
T M v hai ct tuyn MAB, MCD.
uuur uuur uuur uuuu
r
PM/(O) = MA.MB MC.MD MO2 R2
Nu M ngoi ng trn, v tip tuyn MT.
PM/(O) = MT 2 MO2 R2

A
O

C
D

Chng minh rng trong mi tam gic ABC ta c;

a) a b.cosC c.cosB
b) sin A sin B cosC sinC cosB
3
c) ha 2R sin B sinC
d) ma2 mb2 mc2 (a2 b2 c2)
4
uuu
r uuur 2
1
e) S ABC
AB2.AC 2 AB.AC
2
Bai 2.
Cho tam gic ABC. Chng minh rng:
2 1 1

a) Nu b + c = 2a th
b) Nu bc = a2 th sin B sinC sin2 A, hbhc ha2
ha hb hc
Bai 1.

Trang 17

Trn S Tng

Tch v hng ca hai vect

c) A vung mb2 mc2 5ma2

Cho t gic li ABCD, gi l gc hp bi hai ng chp AC v BD.
1
a) Chng minh din tch S ca t gic cho bi cng thc: S AC.BD.sin .
2
b) Nu kt qu trong trng hp t gic c hai ng cho vung gc.
Bai 4.
Cho ABC vung A, BC = a, ng cao AH.
Bai 3.

a) Chng minh AH a.sin B.cosB, BH a.cos2 B, CH a.sin2 B .

b) T suy ra AB2 BC.BH , AH 2 BH .HC .
Cho AOB cn nh O, OH v OK l cc ng cao. t OA = a, AOH .
a) Tnh cc cnh ca OAK theo a v .
b) Tnh cc cnh ca cc tam gic OHA v AKB theo a v .
c) T tnh sin2 , cos2 , tan2 theo sin , cos , tan .
Bai 6.
Gii tam gic ABC, bit:

a) c 14; A 600; B 400

b) b 4,5; A 300; C 750
c) c 35; A 400; C 1200
d) a 137,5; B 830; C 570
Bai 5.

Gii tam gic ABC, bit:

a) a 6,3; b 6,3; C 540
c) a 7; b 23; C 1300

Bai 7.

Gii tam gic ABC, bit:

a) a 14; b 18; c 20
c) a 4; b 5; c 7

Bai 8.

b) b 32; c 45; A 870

d) b 14; c 10; A 1450
b) a 6; b 7,3; c 4,8
d) a 2 3; b 2 2; c 6 2

Bai 9.

a)

BI TP N CHNG II
Chng minh cc ng thc sau:
sin x
1 cos x
2
a)

1 cos x
sin x
sin x

Bai 1.

b)

sin3 x cos3 x
1 sin x.cos x
sin x cos x

cos2 x sin2 x
1
c) tan x 1
d)
1 tan2 x
1
4
4
2
2
2
sin x cos x sin x
2tan x
4sin x.cos x
sin2 x
cos2 x
e)

sin x cos x
cos x(1 tan x) sin x(1 cot x)

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Tch v hng ca hai vect

Trn S Tng

cos x
sin x
1
f) tan x
. cot x

1 sin x
1 cos x
sin x.cos x

g) cos2 x(cos2 x 2sin2 x sin2 x tan2 x) 1

Bai 2.

Bit sin180

51
. Tnh cos180, sin720, sin1620, cos1620, sin1080, cos1080,
4

tan720.
Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
a) A = cos4 x cos2 x sin2 x
b) B = sin4 x sin2 x cos2 x
r
r
Bai 4.
Cho cc vect a, b .
r
r r
r
r
r r
r
r r r
a) Tnh gc a, b , bit a, b 0 v hai vect u a 2b, v 5a 4b vung gc.
r
r
r r
r r
b) Tnh a b , bit a 11, b 23, a b 30.
r
r r
r
r
r r
r
r
r
c) Tnh gc a, b , bit (a 3b) (7a 5b), (a 4b) (7a 2b) .
r
r
r r
r
r
r r
d) Tnh a b , 2a 3b , bit a 3, b 2, (a, b) 1200 .
r
r r
r r
r r
r r
r
e) Tnh a , b , bit a b 2, a b 4, (2a b) (a 3b) .
Bai 5.
uuu
rCho
uuur tam gic ABC c AB = 3, AC = 4, BC = 6.
a) Tnh AB.AC v cosA.
uuur 2 uuu
r uuur 3 uuur
b) M, N l hai im c xc nh bi AM AB, AN AC . Tnh MN.
3
4
Bai 6.
Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c AB = 3 , AD = 1, BAD 600 .
uuu
r uuur uur uuu
r
a) Tnh AB.AD, BA.BC .
uuur uuur
b) Tnh di hai ng cho AC v BD. Tnh cos AC, BD .
Bai 7.
Cho tam gic ABC c gc A nhn. V pha ngoi tam gic v cc tam gic
vung cn nh A l ABD v ACE. Gi I l trung im ca BC. Chng minh AI DE.
Bai 8.
Cho t gic ABCD c hai ng cho ct nhau ti O. Gi H, K ln lt l trc
tm ca cc tam gic ABO v CDO. Gi I, J ln lt l trung im ca AD v BC.
Chng minh HK IJ.
Bai 9.
Cho hnh vung ABCD c cnh bng 1, M l trung im cnh AB. Trn ng
uuur 3 uuur
cho AC ly im N sao cho AN AC .
4
a) Chng minh
DN
vung
gc
vi
MN.
uuur uuur uuuu
r uuu
r
b) Tnh tng DN.NC MN.CB .
Bai 10.
M
uuu
r uuur Cho
uuurtam
uuur gic ABC. Tm tp hpucc
uu
r uim
uur u
uursao
uuurcho:
a) AB.AM AC.AM 0
b) AB.AM AC.AM 0
uuur uuur uuur uuur
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
c) (MA MB)(MA MC ) 0
d) (MA MB 2MC )(MA 2MB MC ) 0
Bai 11.
Chng minh rng trong mi tam gic ABC ta c:
a) b2 c2 a(b.cosC c.cosB)
b) (b2 c2)cos A a(c.cosC b.cosB)
b) sin A sin B.cosC sinC.cosB sin(B C )
Bai 12.
Cho ABC. Chng minh rng:
a) Nu (a b c)(b c a) 3bc th A 600 .
Bai 3.

b3 c3 a3
a2 th A 600 .
b c a
cos(
A C ) 3cosB 1 th B 600 .
c) Nu
d) Nu b(b2 a2) c(a2 c2) th A 600 .
b) Nu

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Trn S Tng

Tch v hng ca hai vect

Cho ABC. Chng minh rng:

Bai 13.

b a2
bcos A a cosB th ABC cn nh C.
2c
sin B
b) Nu
2cos A th ABC cn nh B.
sinC
c) Nu a 2b.cosC th ABC cn nh A.
b
c
a
d) Nu
th ABC vung ti A.

cosB cosC sin B.sinC

e) Nu S 2R2 sin B.sinC th ABC vung ti A.
Bai 14.
Cho ABC. Chng minh iu kin cn v hai trung tuyn BM v CN
vung gc vi nhau l: b2 c2 5a2 .
Bai 15.
Cho ABC.
a) C a = 5, b = 6, c = 3. Trn cc on AB, BC ln lt ly cc im M, K sao cho BM
= 2, BK = 2. Tnh MK.
5
16
b) C cos A , im D thuc cnh BC sao cho ABC DAC , DA = 6, BD . Tnh
9
3
chu vi tam gic ABC.
25
8 30
HD:
a) MK =
b) AC = 5, BC =
, AB = 10
3
15
a) Nu

Cho mt tam gic c di cc cnh l: x2 x 1; 2x 1; x2 1.

a) Tm x tn ti mt tam gic nh trn.
b) Khi chng minh tam gic y c mt gc bng 1200 .
Bai 17.
Cho ABC c B 900 , AQ v CP l cc ng cao, S ABC 9SBPQ .
Bai 16.

a) Tnh cosB.
b) Cho PQ = 2 2 . Tnh bn knh R ca ng trn ngoi tip ABC.
1
9
HD:
a) cosB
b) R
3
2
Bai 18.
Cho ABC.
a) C B 600 , R = 2, I l tm ng trn ni tip. Tnh bn knh ca ng trn ngoi
tip ACI.
b) C A 900 , AB = 3, AC = 4, M l trung im ca AC. Tnh bn knh ng trn ngoi
tip BCM.
c) C a = 4, b = 3, c = 2, M l trung im ca AB. Tnh bn knh ca ng trn ngoi
tip BCM.
8 23
5 13
c) R
3 30
6
Bai 19.
Cho hai ng trn (O1, R) v (O2, r) ct nhau ti hai im A v B. Mt ng
thng tip xc vi hai ng trn ti C v D. Gi N l giao im ca AB v CD (B
nm gia A v N). t AO C ,AO D .
HD:

b) R

a) R = 2

a) Tnh AC theo R v ; AD theo r v .

b) Tnh bn knh ca ng trn ngoi tip ACD.

HD:
a) AC = 2R sin , AD = 2r sin
b) Rr .
2
2
Bai 20.
Cho t gic ABCD ni tip trong ng trn ng knh AC, BD = a,
Trang 20

Tch v hng ca hai vect

Trn S Tng

, CAD .
b) Tnh din tch t gic ABCD theo a, , .
a
a2 cos( )
a) AC =
b) S
.
sin( )
2sin( )
Cho ABC cn nh A, A , AB = m, D l mt im trn cnh BC sao cho

a) Tnh AC.
HD:
Bai 21.

BC = 3BD.
a) Tnh BC, AD.
b) Chng t rng ng trn ngoi tip cc tam gic ABD, ACD l bng nhau. Tnh cos
1
bn knh ca chng bng
bn knh R ca ng trn ngoi tip ABC.
2

m
11
HD:
a) BC = 2msin , AD =
b) cos .
5 4cos
2
3
16
Bai 22.

a)

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