Queuing Theory Exercises.

E5

1
Course coordinator: Armin Halilovic

Exercises. E5

M/M/m/K Queueing System

An M/M/m/K Queueing System is a queueing system with
m servers,
Poisson input,
Exponential service times
Finite number of waiting positions (=K)
Finite storage. Total number of system places S =m+K
M/M/m/K Queueing System

Arriving
customers

Departing
customers

Queue with K places

eff

M
K places

eff

b , blocked
customers
m servers
Arrival rate =
Service rate =
Finite number of waiting positions=K
Total number of system places =S=m+K

Notation

Description

Average number of customers in the system , N = N q + N s

Nq

Average number of customers in the queue

Ns
~
x

Average number of customers in the service facilities

x
~
w
W

~
s

Random variable which describes time spent in the service

facility by a customer
Average service time for a customer, x = E (x~ )
Random variable which describes time spent in the waiting
queue by a customer
Average waiting time spent in the queue by a customer
~)
W = E (w
Random variable which describes time spent in the system
~
s =~
x +w
by a customer; ~
Average time spent in the system by a customer T = E (s~ ) ,
T =W + x

Queuing Theory Exercises. E5

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Course coordinator: Armin Halilovic

eff

Arrival rate
The effective arrival rate

pk

Stationary probabilities; p k is the probability that there are k

customers in the system

Service rate

, offered load (offered traffic)

Some Formulas for M/M/m/K Queueing System,

m servers, K waiting places.
Total number of system places S =m+K.

N = Nq + Ns
T =W + x
1
x=

, offered load (offered traffic)

k
p0

k!
pk = m
k m

p0
m! m

km
m<k m+K

Littles formulas:
N = eff T

N q = eff W
N s = eff x
Q 1. A queueing system can be modeled as an M/M/3/4 system with arrival rate of 40
customers per minute and service rate of =30 customers per minute.
a) Draw the rate transition diagram
b) Find the probabilities p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5 p6,och p7,
c) Find the average total service time T for a customer.
Answer a)

Queuing Theory Exercises. E5

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Course coordinator: Armin Halilovic

b)
4 p0
8 p0
32 p0
=1.33333 p0
p2=
=0.888889 p0
p3=
=0.395062 p0
3
9
81
128 p0
512 p0
2048 p0
p4=
=0.175583 p0 p5=
=0.0780369 p0 p6=
=0.0346831 p0
729
6561
59049
8192 p0
p7=
=0.0154147 p0
531441

p1=

531441
708588
=0.255037
p1=
=0.340049
2083781
2083781
472392
209952
p2=
=0.226699
p3=
=0.100755
2083781
2083781
93312
41472
p4=
=0.0447801 p5=
=0.0199023
2083781
2083781
18432
8192
p6=
=0.00884546 p7=
=0.00393132
2083781
2083781
3031772
N=
=1.45494
2083781
mean= 40 customers per minute.
eff= 39.8427 customers per minute
c) T= 0.036517 minutes
p0=

Q 2. Consider an M/M/3/3 system with the arrival rate of 60 customers per minute and
service rate of =20 customers per minute.
a) Draw the rate transition diagram
b) Find the offered, effective and blocked traffic.

Answer b)
The offered traffic=3(Erlang)
The effective traffic= 2.49057(Erlang)
The blocked traffic= 0.509434 (Erlang)
Q 3. A telephone system can be modeled as an M/M/4/2 system with the arrival rate of 50
calls per minute and the service rate of =10 calls per minute.
a) Draw the rate transition diagram
b) Find the offered, effective and blocked traffic.
c) find the blocking probability, that is, the probability for an arriving call to be blocked.
Answer:
a)

Queuing Theory Exercises. E5

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Course coordinator: Armin Halilovic

b)
The offered traffic = 5. (Erlang)
The effective traffic= 3.53229 (Erlang)
The blocked traffic= 1.46771 (Erlang)
Pb =blocking probability=0.293543
Q 4. A queueing system can be modeled as an M/M/5/2 system with arrival rate of 140
customers per minute and the average service time of x =1 second.
Find N, Nq , Ns and the utilization of the system .
Answer:

N=

80189543
=2.35522
34047614

Nq= 0.0501037
Ns= 2.30511
The utilization of the system= Ns/5= 0.461023
Q 5. A system can be modeled as an M/M/2/3 queueing system with
m=2 servers and 3 waiting places. Arrival rate is =3 customer per second. Service rate is
=2 customer per second. Find
a) p 0 , p1 ,... p5
b) N (=Average number of customers in the system)
c) W (=Average waiting time spent in the queue by a customer)
d) Blocked traffic
Answer:
a) p0 = 0.1793345009 p1 = 0.2690017513 p2 = 0.2017513135

p3 = 0.1513134851 p4 = 0.1134851138 p5 = 0.08511383538

b) N=2.00595 c) W=0.23085758 sec d) Blocked traffic = 0.12767 (Erlang)