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Hê thống MIMO - OFDM
Hê thống MIMO - OFDM
: T Hong Hip
Lp
: T8-K48
OFDM
Do cc vn v nhiu (interference) v cc vn v a
ng (multi path), mt s cng ngh trc y cng a ra
gii php iu ch sng mang n dng cho cc ng dng NLOS
(non line of sight) nhng cng cha mang li hiu qu cao.
S ra i ca k thut ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc giao
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) : l mt
bc t ph trong th trng truy cp v tuyn bng rng.
OFDM
Cng ngh OFDM nm trong mt lp cc k thut iu ch a sng
mang (FDM) trong thng tin v tuyn
iu ch a song mang
(ghp knh phn chia theo tn s FDM):
u im (so vi C n mang):
+gim nh hung ca nhiu lin
tn hiu ISI (inter synbol
interference)
+ phc tp ca b cn bng
knh v lc nhiu gim
Nhc im :
+gim hiu qu s dng ph do
cc knh ph c phn cch
nhau mt khong nht nh
OFDM
tng hiu qu s dng ph v k tha u im ca iu ch a
sng mang phng php iu ch a sng mang trc giao
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) ra i:
Chia lng d liu trc khi pht i thnh N lung d liu song
song c tc thp hn v pht mi lung d liu trn mt sng
mang con khc nhau.
Cc sng mang ny l trc giao vi nhau, iu ny c thc hin
bng cch chn dn cch tn s gia chng mt cch hp l.
Khi nm v s trc giao ca 2 tn hiu
a
p(t ) * q(t )
b
k ,p= q
0 ,p
l lin hp phc ca p (t )
a, b l chu k ca tn hiu
k : const
* q(t )
OFDM
Mt ph nng lng ca tn hiu iu ch OFDM :
B iu ch OFDM
Nguyn tc :
Ph tn hiu c dch vo sng mang ph th p thng qua
php nhn vi hm phc
jpwst
Ta c :
( k 1)Ts
( k 1)Ts
jpwst jqwst *
e
(e
) dt =
j(p q)wst
e
dt
kTs
kTs
1
=
j(p q)ws
0, p q
Ts, p = q
B iu ch OFDM
Bng tn ca h thng c chia lm Nc knh con vi ch s ca
cc knh con l n :
n
{1,2,3,,Nc}
u vo ca b iu ch l dng d liu {a} c chia thnh Nc dng
d liu song song thng qua b phn chia ni tip/song song
Dng bit trn mi lung song song {ai,n} li c iu ch thnh
mu tn hiu a mc {dk,n} vi :
+i: ch s khe thi gian tng ng vi Nc bit song song sau khi qua
b bin i ni tip/song song
+k: ch s khe thi gian tng ng vi mu tn hiu phc
So
-TG 0
TS
T
B iu ch OFDM
Tn hiu mk(t) sau khi c nhn vi xung c s v dch tn
c cng li qua b tng
Mu tn hiu OFDM th k :
Nc
mk(t) =
jnwst
n 1
m(t) =
mk(t) =
Nc
k n 1
jnwst
B iu ch OFDM
Lung tn hiu c ly mu vi tn s :
ta = 1/B = 1/NC fs
vi B l b rng bng tn ca h thng
thi im ly mu t=kTs+ lta th S(t - kTs)=So
Nc
(*)
mk(kTs + lta) = So
k,n
n 1
Nc
= So
n 1
jnws(kTs + lta)
B iu ch OFDM
wskTs =2 fs k
jnws lta
jn2
=e
1 = 2k
fs
mk(kTs + lta) = So
fs.fsNc
1
d
n 1
k,n
j2
=e
j2
Nc
jnwskTs
e
= 1
nl
Nc
nl
Nc
B iu ch OFDM
B iu ch dng thut ton bin i ngc Fourier :
Chuyn ai,1
i
{a} Ni
Tip
ai,n
dk,1
M
ha
dk,n IDFT
song
song
ai,Nc
dk,Nc
tip
Bin
i
Chn
m(lta)
m(lta)
khong
s
/tng
t
/ ni
/song
song
Chuyn
i
bo v
m(t)
M ha (M-QAM, QPSK)
S iu ch ng pha, vung pha
I (Inphase) ,Q (Quadrature):
I
S QPSK :
10
11
Q
00
S 16-QAM :
01
I
0100 0101
1101
1100
0110 0111
1111
1110
Q
0010 0011
0000
0001
1011
1010
1001
1000
M ha (M-QAM, QPSK)
Gii iu ch OFDM
Knh truyn dn phn tp a ng
biu din thng qua :
+ p ng xung h(
,t) vi
+ hm truyn t H(jw, t)
quan h :
-jw
H(jw, t) =
h( ,t)e
d
l tr truyn dn ca knh
l thi im quan st knh
min thi gian ,tn hiu thu u(t) l tch chp ca tn hiu pht m(t) v
p ng xung ca knh h( ,t):
u(t) = m(t) * h(
,t) =
m ax
h( ,t)m(t - )d
Gii iu ch OFDM
Cc bc thc hin b gii iu ch :
Tch khong bo v tn hiu thu
-jnwst
Nhn vi hm s phc e
vi mc ch dch bng
tn ca tn hiu mi sng mang v bng tn gc trc
khi iu ch
Gii iu ch cc sng mang ph
Chuyn i mu tn hiu phc thnh dng bit
Chuyn i dng bit song song thnh dng bit ni tip
B gii iu ch OFDM
S khi b gii iu ch OFDM dng DFT :
u (t)
Bin
i
tng
t/
s
Tch
u (lta) khong u(lta)
bo
v
Bin
i
dk,1
ni
tip/
dk,n
song
song
ak,1
Bin
i
Gii
DFT
ak,n
m
dk,Nc
ak,Nc
song
song
/ ni
tip
{a}
Tch khong bo v
u(t) : lung tn hiu vo b gii iu ch
u(t): lung tn hiu nhn c
u(t)
kT
(k-1)T
(k+1)T
u(t)
(k-1)Ts
u(kTs + t) = u(kT + t) vi
Ts : di mu tn hiu
TG : di chui bo v
kTs
(k+1)Ts
0 <= t<= Ts ,
T = Ts +TG
Chn mu tin
dn ng
IDFT
Chn chui
bo v
Bin i
s/tng t
Knh v
tuyn
Nhiu trng
(AWGN)
Dng bit
Gii iu ch
bng tn c s
Cn bng
knh
DFT
Tch chui
bo v
Tch mu tin
dn ng
Khi phc
knh truyn
Bin i
tng t/s
Ph ca tn hiu OFDM
Biu din ton hc ca ph :
Ph tn hiu OFDM l tng ph trn tng sng mang ph :
Ph ca tn hiu OFDM
Do cc sng mang ph l trc giao vi nhau nn cho kt qu hin
trn my phn tch ph tn hiu nh sau :
Mu tin dn ng
Mu tin dn ng
Nguyn tc :
Min thi gian
Mu tin c ch
Mu tin dn ng
Df
Min
tn s
CIR : p ng xung ca
knh truyn
Doppler
Dt
t
fd
-fd
BDf = DfBo
Bo=1/Ts
TDt= Dt.T
T = Ts + TG
Mu tin dn ng
Mu tin dn ng (pilot sub-carries) trong
min tn s :
H thng MIMO
MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output ) : h thng vi nhiu anten
pht v nhiu anten thu
Ci thin hiu qu s dng tn s cng
nh dung lng ca h thng thng tin
hn so vi h thng
1 anten pht 1 anten thu SISO
Vic nng cao hiu qu thu pht
ph thuc vo s lng anten thu pht
v tn x ca mi trng truyn dn
H thng MIMO-OFDM
Kt hp u im ca h thng MIMO v h thng OFDM
Dng
bit
M khng
gian /thi
gian
iu ch
bng tn c s
Chn chui
bo v
(space/time
coding)
IDFT
iu ch
bng tn c s
IDFT
Chn chui
bo v
S phn tp (diversity)
K thut phn tp l mt trong nhng phng php c dng
hn ch nh hng ca fading.
Trong thng tin di ng, k thut phn tp c s dng hn ch
nh hng ca fading a tia, tng tin cy ca vic truyn tin m
khng phi gia tng cng sut pht hay bng thng
Cc phng php phn tp thng gp l
phn tp tn s, phn tp thi gian, phn tp khng gian (phn tp
anten)
K thut phn tp anten hin ang c quan tm v ng dng vo
h thng MIMO nh :
+ kh nng khai thc hiu qu thnh phn khng gian trong nng
cao cht lng v dung lng h thng
+ gim nh hng ca fading
+ trnh c hao ph bng thng tn s yu t rt c quan
tm trong hon cnh ti nguyn tn s ngy cng khan him
S phn tp (diversity)
K thut phn tp cho php b thu (receiver) thu c nhiu bn
sao ca cng mt tn hiu truyn.
Cc bn sao ny cha cng mt lng thng tin nh nhau nhng t
c s tng quan v fading.
Tn hiu thu bao gm mt s kt hp hp l ca cc phin bn tn
hiu khc nhau s chu nh hng fading t nghim trng hn so
vi tng phin bn ring l.
S phn tp (diversity)
Qut la chn
(SC)
B t hp cng li
(EGC)
B t hp t s ti a
(MRC)
S phn tp (diversity)
Kho st trong trng hp 1 anten pht v nhiu anten thu :
SER (symbol error rate) : t l li mu tn hiu
l 1
Hng ca
ma trn li
A
P(CC)
( n)
-M
( Es / 4No )
-rM
n 1
Nng lng
k hiu
r
MH =
( n)
n 1
PT =
-M
-rM
( Es / 4No )
Mt ph cng sut
tp m
: tng ch m ha ca h thng
: tng ch phn tp ca h thng
MN (do r N)
+C PT
+Khng c MH
+ B gii m n gin
+C PT
+C MH
+B gii m phc tp
M STTC
M STTC vi 4 v 8 trng thi s dng chm sao
QPSK thit k cho 2 anten pht
(10)2
3(11)
(00)0
1(10)
1 m 4 trng thi
00
00
01
01
10
10
11
11
Cc k hiu trong chm sao
tn hiu QPSK
Hnh 1
K hiu 11
v 00
c pht
ng thi
trn 2
anten
tng ng
1 m 8 trng thi
00
00
01
01
10
10
11
11
10
00
11
01
00
10
10
Hnh 2
11
M STTC
r
m 1
Tn hiu thu
c
anten m ti
thi im t
t,m
1, m s1 - 2, m s2
tng ch ng
truyn t anten pht 1
n anten thu m
tng ch ng
truyn t anten pht 2
n anten thu m
M STTC
M STTC c tm bng h thng my tnh cho cht lng tt
hn hn cc m STTC trn (c thit k bng phng php tnh
ton th cng) :
Hnh 3
Hnh 4
M 4 trng thi QPSK
M STTC
Kt qu m phng cht lng m STTC da trn t l li khung FER (Frame Error
Rate) v SNR (dng cc hnh 1,2,3,4 trn)
4 trng thi
4 trng thi
4, 8 trng thi
Cht lng gn nh
nhau cc hnh
H thng MIMO-OFDM
Nh c s phn tp m cht lng tn hiu c ci thin
B thu OFDM c chc nng ngc li so vi b pht
Tch chui
bo v
FFT
Tch chui
bo v
FFT
Gii iu ch
bng tn c s
Gii iu ch
bng tn c s
Gii m
khng gian/
thi gian
(space/time
coding)
Dng
bit