ExtAccess 2007 - p2

Bi 2.
Lm vic vi Table
Khi bn to ra mt c s d liu, bn lu tr d liu trong
cc bng (da trn ni dung ca cc hng v ct). V d, bn
c th to mt bng Contacts lu tr danh sch gm tn, a
ch, v s in thoi, hoc mt bng Products lu tr nhng
thng tin v sn phm cn qun l.
Bi vit ny vi mc ch hng dn bn lm th no to
ra mt bng v lm th no thm cc trng ri thit lp
thuc tnh cho nhng trng . Cng nh hng dn bn
cch to ra nhng kha chinh cho cc bng .
Bi v c rt nhiu i tng khc nhau nhng li ph thuc
ln nhau trong mt Database. V vy trc khi bt tay vo
thit k cc bng bn nn xem xt mt cch k lng cc yu
cu mnh, lm sao khng b d tha cc bng d liu
khng c ch.
2.1. Tng qut
Mi Table l mt i tng ca CSDL m bn s dng
lu tr v mt ch c th, chng hn nh nhn vin trong
cng ty, sn phm ca mt nh my no , Mt bng
gm c nhiu trng v nhiu bn ghi.
Mi bn ghi cha d liu v mt ch th m bng lu tr,
chng hn nh cc thng tin v mt nhn vin. Mt bn ghi
thng tng ng vi mt dng trong bng d liu.
Mi trng cha d liu v mt trong nhng thuc tnh ca
ch th trong bng, chng hn nh tn hay a ch e-mail ca
mt nhn vin. Mi trng tng ng vi mt ct trong bng
d liu.
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
Mt bn ghi bao gm gi tr ca nhiu trng chng hn nh

Nh sch Minh Lm, nh sch, minhlam@yahoo.com. Gi tr
ca mt trng thng c gi l mt thc th.
Trn y v mt bng c m ch Datasheet View

Trong :
(1) : Mt bn ghi
(2): Mt trng
(3): Gi tr mt trng
Nh vy chng ta c th tng kt li nh sau:
Mt c s d liu c th cha nhiu bng, mi bng lu tr
thng tin v mt i tng, ch th khc nhau. Trong mi
bng c th cha mt hoc nhiu trng vi nhng kiu d
liu cng khc nhau nh kiu chui, s, ngy thng, kiu lin
kt,
2.1.1. Thuc tnh ca bng v trng
Bng v trng c nhng thuc tnh m bn c th thit lp
kim sot hnh vi cng nh c im ca chng.
y l mt bng c m ch Design View.

Trong :
(1): Thuc tnh ca bng
(2): Thuc tnh ca trng
Trong mt Database Access, thuc tnh ca bng nh hng
trc tip, ton din ti s th hin cng nh hnh vi ca bng
. ch Design View, thuc tnh ca bng c thit
lp Pane Property Sheet. V d, bn c th thit lp thuc
tnh Default View cho bng mi ln hin th n s hin th
theo ch .
Mt thuc tnh ca trng c p dng cho mt trng c

th trong bng v xc nh mt trong nhng tnh cht c
trng ca trng . Bn c th thit lp thuc tnh cho
trng ch hin th Datasheet View, cng nh ch
Design View bng cch s dng Pane Field Properties.
2.1.2. Kiu d liu

Mi trng c mt kiu d liu nht nh. Mt kiu d liu
ca mt trng cho bit kiu d liu m trng lu tr
chng hn nh trng d liu kiu Text s cho php lu tr
cc k t, hay kiu Date/Time cho php lu tr d liu kiu
ngy thng,
Kiu d liu ca trng thc cht l thuc tnh ca trng

, tuy nhin n vn khc thuc tnh mt s im sau y:
- Bn c th thit lp kiu d liu cho trng trong li thit
k bng nhng khng th lm vic trong Pane Field
Properties.
- Mt kiu d liu ca trng xc nh nhng thuc tnh m
trng c th c.
Ch :
Bn c th to ra mt trng mi ch Datasheet view
trong Access bng cch nhp d liu trc tip d liu vo
mt ct mi. Khi bn to ra mt trng mi bng cch ny
Access s t ng nh ngha kiu d liu cho trng da
trn nhng gi tr m bn nhp vo ct . Nu nh khng c
mt kiu d liu no ph hp cho rt nhiu gi tr trn ct
Access s hiu l d liu kiu Text, nu cn thit bn
hon ton c th thay i li nhng kiu d liu ny.
Di y l bng m t v kiu d liu m Access t ng
thit lp cho trng tng ng vi d liu bn nhp vo.
D liu c th nhp vo
Kiu d liu m Access

c th t nh ngha
Minh Lm
Text
http://www.minhlam.com
Hyperlink
Number, Long Integer
50,000
Number, Long Integer
50,000.99
Number, Double
50000.389
Number, Double
12/67
Date/Time
December 31, 2006
Date/Time
10:50:23
Date/Time
10:50 am
Date/Time
17:50
Date/Time
$12.50
Currency
21.75
Number, Double
123.00%
Number, Double
3.46E+03
Number, Double
2.1.3. Quan h gia cc bng

Mc d mi bng lu tr d liu v mt ch th nht nh,
nhng xt trong mt Database th cc ch th ny li c mi
quan h mt thit vi nhau. V d, mt c s d liu c th
cha:
Mt bng customers l danh sch khch hng cng ty ca
bn.
Mt bng products cha danh sch nhng sn phm m cng
ty bn sn xut ra.
Mt bng orders cha nhng n t hng m khch hng
mua sn phm.
V khch hng trong orders mua sn sn phm ca cng ty
sn xut ra nn nhng khch hng phi l khch hng
trong bng customers, v nhng sn phm cng phi l
nhng sn phn trong bng Products.
Chnh v nhng mi lin h m bn cn phi lm th no
c th lin kt cc bng ny li vi nhau. Nh vic lin
kt ny m bn c th d dng kim sot s ton vn d liu
trong mt Database.
lin kt cc bng li vi nhau bn cn phi to ra cc mi

lin kt (quan h). Mt mi quan h l mt kt ni Logical
gia hai bng vi nhau thng qua mt trng c chung hai
bng.
V d trong bng Customers s c trng Id xc nh tnh
duy nht ca khch hng v trong bng Orders cng c
trng Id_Kh trng ny lu tr Id ca khch hng mua sn
phm, hai trng ny c gi l trng lin kt gia bng
Customers v bng Order.
2.1.4. Kha
Nhng trng m l mt phn ca mi quan h trong bng
gi l trng kha. Mt kha thng bao gm mt hoc
nhiu trng khc nhau. Trong bng c th c hai loi kha
sau y:
Primary key: Mt bng ch c duy nht mt kha Primary
key. Mt kha Primary key c th bao gm mt hoc nhiu
trng kt hp vi nhau xc nh tnh duy nht ca mi bn
ghi lu tr trong bng.
Thng thng, c mt s xc nh tnh duy nht ca mt
bn ghi, chng hn nh s ID, s s-ri, hoc m s s c
chn lm kha. V d, bn c mt bng Customers mi
khch hng c xc inh duy nht thng qua s Id ca
khch hng . Nh vy trng Id chnh l trng kha ca
bng Customers. Khi mt chnh kho (Primary key ) cha
nhiu hn mt trng th n l s kt hp ca nhng trng
tn ti, kt hp vi nhau to ra mt gi tr duy nht. V
d, bn c th kt hp cc trng Ho, Ten, Ngay_Sinh to
thnh mt trng kha cho bng People.
Foreign key: Mt bng c th c mt hoc nhiu Foreign
key. Mt Foreign key cha cc gi tr m tng ng vi
nhng gi tr l nhng gi tr ca trng kha chnh
nhng bng khc. V d, bn c th c mt bng Orders,
trong mi n hng c mt s Id ca khch hng t n

hng , Id xc nh tnh duy nht ca mt bn ghi trong
bng Customers. Nh vy c th ni trng Id khch hng
trong bng n hng l mt Foreign key (ngoi kha).
S tng ng ca cc gi tr gia nhng trng kha l nn
tng ca mt mi quan h gia cc bng vi nhau. Bn c
th s dng mi quan h ca bng kt hp d liu t
nhng bng lin quan. V d, gi s bn c mt bng
Customers v mt bng Orders, mi bn ghi c xc nh
duy nht bi trng kha Id (trng kha chnh).
lin kt mi n hng vi mt khch hng, bn thm mt
trng ngoi kha vo bng Orders tng ng vi trng Id
trong bng Customers, v sau to mi quan h gia hai
kha ny. Khi bn thm mt bn ghi vo Orders, bn s dng
gi tr cho trng Id khch hng c ly t bng
Customers. Khi no bn cn xem bt k thng tin no v mt
n t hng ca khch hng, bn nn s dng cc mi quan
h xc nh c nhng d liu t bng Customers tng
ng vi cc bn ghi trong bng Orders.
Mi quan h gia hai bng, c hin th trong ca s

Relationships.
(1): L trng primary key (kha chnh), xc nh bi biu
tng kha bn cnh tn trng.
(2): L trng foreign key (ngoi kha)
2.1.5. Li ch ca vic s dng relationships
Vic lu tr d liu c phn chia trong nhng bng lin
quan c nhng li ch sau y:
S nht qun: V mi ni dung ca d liu c ghi ch mt
ln, trong mt bng, c t kh nng sy ra s mu thun,
khng minh bch. Chng hn, bn lu tr tn ca mt khch
hng ch mt ln, trong bng khch hng, hn l lu tr n
nhiu ln (V tim n nhng mu thun) trong bng cha d
liu n hng.
Hiu qu: Ghi d liu mt ch c ngha l bn s dng t

khng gian trn a cng hn. Thm vo , bng t dung
lng s cho php truy cp, truy vn d liu nhanh hn l
cc bng ln. Cui cng, nu bn khng s dng nhng bng
ring bit lu ch thng tin v cc ch th ring bit, bn
s phi theo di, qun l c nhng gi tr Null dn n s d
tha d liu trong cc bng. C hai l do c th s tiu ph
khng gian lu tr v ngn cn qu trnh lm vic vi d liu
ca bn.
S hiu bit: Qu trnh thit k mt Database s d hiu hn
nu mt ch th c phn r hp l thnh nhng bng ring
bit.
2.1.6. Trc khi bn bt u
Trc khi bn bt u to ra cc bng trong Microsoft Office
Access 2007, c vi s khc bit so vi nhng phin bn
trc ca Access m bn cn ch .
Bng v trng Template c thay th cho Table
Winzard trong cc phin bn trc, bn s dng Table
Winzard to ra mt Table rt n gin vi vic ch phi
tr li vi cu hi. Trong Microsoft Access 2007, Table
Winzard s c thay th bng Table v cc trng
Template (mu).
Datasheet trong Microsoft Access 2007, bn c th to ra v
sa i cc bng, trng trong khi ang vic lm vic ch
hin th Datasheet View
2.2. To mi mt bng
Mt c s d liu n gin, nh danh sch lin lc, c th s

dng ch duy nht mt bng. Tuy nhin nhiu c s d liu,
phi s dng rt nhiu bng.
Khi bn to ra mt c s d liu mi, ng thi bn cng
to ra mt File trn my tnh, n ng vai tr nh mt
Container (ni cha) tt c cc i tng trong c s d liu,
trong c cc bng d liu.
Bn c th to ra mt bng bng vic to ra mt c s d liu
mi, hoc cng c th to ra bng vic chn mt bng vo
trong mt c s d liu tn ti, hay bng cch Import hoc
lin kt ti cc bng t nhng ngun d liu khc. Khi bn
to mi mt DataBase rng, mt bng mi cha c ni dung
s c chn vo . Bn c th nhp d liu vo cng nh
bt u nh ngha cc trng cho bng.
2.3.1. To bng mi trong Database mi.
Nhp chut chn nt Microsoft Office Button
nht New.
, sau
Trong hp nhp File Name, g vo tn cho Database mi.

thay i ng dn lu Database bn nhp chut chn biu
tng Folder chn li. Cui cng nhp Create.
Mt Database mi c m v mt Table mi vi tn l
Table1 c to ra v m ch Datasheet View.
2.3.2. To bng mi trong Database tn ti
Nhp chut chn nt Microsoft Office Button
chn Open.
, sau
Hp thoi Open xut hin chn ti Database cn m ri nhp

Open.
Trn Tab Create trong nhm Table chn Table.
Mt bng mi c Insert vo Database v bng ny c

m ch Datasheet View.
2.3.3. S dng bng Template to bng

Trong nhng phin bn trc y ca Access, bn s dng
Table Winzard to nhanh mt bng t nhng bng v
trng mu. Thay cho chc nng ny trong Microsoft Access
2007, bn c th s dng cc bng v trng Templates.
Mt bng mu l mt bng trng khng cha d liu, bn c
th bt u lun hoc chnh sa cho ph hp vi yu cu ca
mnh. Microsoft Access 2007 cung cp nhng mu Table
Template di y:
Contacts: L bng s dng qun l thng tin lin lc trong
kinh doanh. Nh a ch Email, Website, cc File nh
km,
Tasks: L bng dng theo di cng vic, bao gm cc
trng s dng cho nhng phiu nh km.
Issues: L bng s dng theo di nhng hot ng, bao

gm cc s dng cho nhng phiu nh km v mt trng
kiu Memo lu tr lch s sa i gi tr trn cc trng
trong bng.
Events: L bng dng qun l cc s kin bao gm mt
trng Rich Text Memo v mt trng cho nhng phiu
nh km.
Assets: L bng dng qun l ti sn ca doanh nghip,
bao gm 2 trng tin t c th theo di c gi tr khu
hao ca ti sn.
Sau khi bn to ra mt bng bng cch s dng bng
Template, c th bn s mun thm vo nhng trng mi
bng cch s dng cc trng Template. Mt trng
Template l trng c nh ngha sn, bn c th thm
vo bt c bng no ch hin th Datasheet View.
2.3.4. To bng mi s Template
Nhp chn nt Microsoft Office Button
Open.
, sau chn
Hp thoi Open xut hin chn ti Database cn m ri nhp

Open.
Trn Tab Create, trong nhm Tables chn nt Table

Templates, trong hp thoi xung chn mt bng mu cn
to
Mt bng mi c thm vo Database da trn bng mu

m bn chn.
2.3.5. Thit lp kha chnh cho bng
Nu khng c mt l do tht c bit th khi thit k ra mt
bng d liu bn cn phi ch r mt kha chnh. Access t
ng to ra Index cho kha chnh, n c th ci thin c
tc truy cp cng nh thao tc vi d liu. Access cng
chc chn rng mi bn ghi th trng kha chnh lun cha
d liu v gi tr ny lun lun l duy nht. Nu khng c
trng ny s chng c cch no ng tin cy phn bit
mt hng c th no vi nhng hng khc trong bng.
Khi bn to ra mt bng mi trong ch hin th Datasheet

View, Access s t ng to ra mt kha chnh v nh ngha
n vi tn l ID v kiu d liu l AutoNumber.
ch hin th Design View, bn c th thay i, loi b
kha chnh, hoc thit lp cho mt bng cha c kha chnh.
Xc nh trng t lm kha chnh
i khi, bn c th t xc nh c trng m mnh mun
s dng lm kha chnh. Chng hn, bn c th c nhng s
ID dnh cho mi nhn cng. Nu bn to ra mt bng
theo di thng tin v nhng ngi cng nhn, bn c th
quyt nh s dng ID lm kha chnh cho bng . Hoc l
s kt hp gia ID ca ngi cng nhn vi Id phng ban
to nn tnh duy nht. yu cu rng bn s dng c trng
ny to nn kha chnh. Mt hoc nhiu trng mun s
dng lm trng kha phi m bo mt vi nguyn tc sau
y:
- Mi bn ghi phi c mt hoc nhiu trng kt hp to
ra mt gi tr duy nht cho mi bn ghi.
- Mt trng hoc s kt hp gia nhiu trng phi khng
bao gi cha gi tr rng (lun lun c gi tr)
- Nhng gi tr khng thay i.
- Nu khng c d liu thch hp tn ti to ra kha chnh
bn c th to ra mt trng mi ch lm kha chnh. Khi
bn to ra mt trng mi s dng lm kha chnh bn hy
thit lp kiu d liu cho n l AutoNumber. Vi kiu d
liu ny trng s nhn d liu kiu s, nm trong dy s
nguyn lin tip, v hon ton khng trng lp. Hn na
trng ny s t ng tng khi thm mt bn ghi mi gip
bn khng cn phi quan tm vic to ra d liu duy nht cho
trng kha chnh.
Thit lp hoc thay i kha chnh
Chn bng c kha chnh m bn mun thit lp hoc thay

i.
Trn Tab Home chn nhm Views, nhp chn View trong
hp thoi xung ny chn Design View.
Bng xut hin ch Design View, hy chn trng

(hoc nhng trng) m bn mun s dng lm kha chnh.
la chn mt trng hy nhp chn vo ct Row selector

(ct u tin mu xanh bn tri mi dng) ca trng .
Nu mun chn nhiu trng bn hy gi phm Ctrl v ln
lt chn ti cc trng cn thit lp.
Trn Tab Table trong nhm Tools chn Primary Key.
Mt biu tng hnh cha kha s xut hin bn tri ca

nhng trng m bn va thit lp kha chnh
Loi b kha chnh

Chn bng cn loi b kha chnh trong Navigation Pane.
Tn Tab Home tm ti nhm Views nhp chut chn nt
View, trong danh sch xung ny chn Design View.
Nhp chut chn ti trng hoc danh sch trng ang l

nhng trng kha chnh (cch lm tng t phn trc)
Trn Tab Design tm ti nhm Tools chn Primary Key.
Biu tng cha kha bn pha tri ca cc ct ny s c

loi b.
Ch : Khi bn lu tr mt bng mi m khng c thit
lp kha chnh, Access s nhc cn phi to mi mt trng
lm kha chnh. Nu bn chn Yes, Access to ra mt trng
c tn ID v gn cho n kiu d liu l AutoNumber cung
cp mt gi tr duy nht cho mi bn ghi. Trong trng hp
bng c sn mt trng kiu AutoNumber, Access s
chn lun trng ny lm kha chnh. Nu bn chn No trn
hp thng bo Access s khng thm trng v khng thit
lp kha chnh cho bng.
2.3.6. Thit lp thuc tnh cho bng
Ngoi vic thit lp thuc tnh cho cc trng bn cn c th
thit lp thuc tnh chung cho bng hoc tt c cc bn ghi.
Chn ti bng cn thit lp thuc tnh
Trn Tab Home, tm ti nhm Views, nhp chn Views
trong hp thoi xung bn chn Design View.
Trn Tab Design, tm ti nhm Show/Hide, nhp chn

Property Sheet.
Property Sheet s xut hin nh hnh di y:
Trn Pane Property Sheet nhp chn Tab General.

Chn ct bn tri tm ti thuc tnh ca bng v ct bn
phi thit lp gi tr.
2.3. Thm trng vo bng
Bn lu tr tng phn d liu m bn mun theo di trong
mt trng. V d, bng Contacts bn to ra danh sch
trng lu ln lt cc thng tin nh Last Name, First
Name, Telephone Number, and Address. Hay trong bng
Procedures l cc trng Product Name, Product ID, v
Price.
Trc khi to ra cc trng, d liu c phn chia thnh
nhng phn nh. l cch d nht c th x l d liu
c linh hot. V d, thay v to ra mt trng Full Name
lu tr y h tn ca mt ngi no , chng ta nn to
ra hai trn ring bit l First Name v Last Name. Sau

th c th d dng tm kim, sp xp theo tng trng hoc
theo c hai trng.
2.4.1. Thm trng khi ang nhp d liu
Khi bn to mt bng mi hoc m mt bng tn ti ch
hin th Datasheet View, bn c th thm mt trng vo
bng bng cch nhp d liu vo ct Add New Field trn
Datasheet.
Bng d liu c to mi hoc c m ch Datasheet

View.
(1): Nhp d liu vo ct Add New Field.
Trn phn tiu ca ct Add New Field hy nhp vo tn
trng m bn mun to, tn ny s m t trng v gip
bn d dng nhn ra n hn.
Cui cng nhp d liu vo trng .
2.4.2. Thm trng s dng trng Template
Trong mt s trng hp tht d dng la chn mt trng
ph hp vi yu cu ca bn trong danh sch cc trng
c thit lp sn thay v vic bn phi t to ra n. Bn c
th s dng Field Templates task pane chn mt trong
nhng trng mu. Cc trng mu ny c thit lp sn
cc thuc tnh cn thit. V d nh tn trng, kiu d liu,
cc thuc tnh nh dng, v nhiu thuc tnh khc.
Trn Tab Home, tm ti nhm Views, nhp chn View, trn

hp thoi xung bn chn Datasheet View.
Trn Tab Datasheet, tm ti nhm Fields & Columns, nhp

chn New Field.
Mt thanh Pane c tn Field Templates xut hin bn phi

ca mn hnh.
Chn mt hoc nhiu trng trong pane ny ri sau ko

th vo ni m bn mun thm mi trng trn bng.
2.4.3. Thm trng t trng ca bng khc
Nu c s d liu ca bn c sn cc Table, bn c th
thm trng vo mt bng mi t danh sch cc trng ca
mt trong nhng bng ny, chng c lit k trong Pane
Field List. Pane Field List lit k tt c cc bng trong c s
d liu, chi tit trong cc bng ny l danh sch trng.
Nu bng m bn thm trng mi c mi quan h vi cc
bng khc, th cc trng quan h s c lit k u tin
trong Field List Pane
Nhp chn nt Microsoft Office Button

Open.
, tip theo chn
Trong hp thoi Open, chn ti Database bn cn lm vic.
Trong Pane Navigation, nhp p chut vo bng cn thm

trng mi.
Bng c m ch Datasheet View.
Trn Tab Datasheet, trong nhm Fields & Columns nhp
chn Add Existing Fields
Pane Field List xut hin nh hnh di y:
Nhp vo biu tng (+) trong danh sch ti bng cn ly

trng, mt danh sch trong bng s xut hin, bn chn
ti trng cn ly ri ko th n v tr cn thm trng trn
bng mi.
Ca s Lookup Wizard xut hin
Nhp Next nu nh khng chn thm trng no.

Trong ca s tip theo ny bn chn trng cn sp xp ri

nhp Next.
Bn nhp Next chuyn sang bc tip theo

Nhp li tn cho ct nu cn thit, cui cng nhp Finish

kt thc.
Nh vy mt trng mi s c thm vo bng
2.4.4. Thit lp thuc tnh cho trng

Sau khi to mt trng mi, c th iu khin cc hnh

vi, s kin din ra i vi trng ny bn cn phi thit lp
thuc tnh cho n.
V d, vic thit lp thuc tnh cho trng s gip bn:
- iu khin c s hin th d liu trn trng .
- Gip ngn nga vic nhp d liu khng chnh xc.
- Gn gi tr mc nh cho trng.
- Gip tng tc tm kim sp xp d liu.
Bn c th thit lp mt s thuc tnh sn c ca trng
trong khi ang lm vic ch Datasheet View. Tuy nhin
c th thit lp y cc thuc tnh cho trng bn nn s
dng ch hin th Design View.
* ch Datasheet View
ch Datasheet View bn c th i tn, d liu, nh
dng, v mt s thuc tnh khc ca mt trng.
M bng ch Datasheet View
Trn Pane Navigation, nhp phi chut vo bng cn m,
trong menu popup chn Open.
i tn trng
Khi bn thm mt trng bng cch nhp thng d liu vo
bng ch Datasheet View, Access s t ng nh ngha
mt ci tn chung chung cho trng, v d nh bt u vi
trng th nht l Field1, cc trng tip theo s l Field2,
Field3, Mc nh Access s dng tn ca trng nh mt
Label bt c ni no m trng c hin th, v d nh
tiu ct khi m bng ch Datasheet View. Vic i
tn trng s gip trng c thm nhng thng tin m t v
n, nh m gip cho ngi dng d dng hn trong qu
trnh s dng v chnh sa.
Nhp phi chut vo phn tiu ct ca ct cn i tn,
chn Rename trong popup menu.
Nhp vo tn cn sa i, lu tn trng khng c qu

64 k t bao gm c cc khong trng.
Thay i kiu d liu ca trng
Khi bn to ra mt trng bng cch nhp d liu vo trng
ch hin th Datasheet View, Access s kim tra d liu
xc nh kiu d liu thch hp cho trng. Chng hn,
nu bn nhp vo gi tr 1/ 1/ 2006, Access s on rng
l d liu ngy thng v thit lp kiu d liu cho trng ny
l Date/Time. Nu nh vi mt trng m d liu bn nhp
vo cho n thuc nhiu kiu khc nhau, khi Access s
khng th xc nh c trng thuc kiu g v n t
ng gn cho trng l d liu kiu Text.
Kiu d liu ca trng s quyt nh nhng thuc tnh m

n c th c. V d bn ch c th thit lp thuc tnh Append
Only cho trng kiu Hyperlink v trng kiu Memo.
C rt nhiu trng hp Access hiu lm kiu d liu m bn
mun thit lp v bn phi thay i li kiu d liu cho
trng . V d, bn c mt trng lu s phng trong
trong khch sn, bn nhp d liu cho trng l 10/2001, vi
chc nng t tm kim Access s kim tra v gn cho trng
ny kiu d liu ngy thng, nhng thc t bn ch mun lu
d liu trng ny kiu Text. sa li kiu d liu cho
trng ny bn lm nh sau:
- Trn Ribbon nhp chn Tab Datasheet.
- Trong danh sch Data Type ca nhm Data Type &
Forrmatting bn chn kiu d liu m bn mun.
Cc kiu d liu sn c trong Access.

Data type
Use to store
Size
Text
S dng cho vn
bn hoc s nhng
khng dng tnh
ton.
T a 255 k t
Memo
S dng lu tr k
t, vn bn, hoc
cc nh rng Rich
Ti a 01 GB
cho k t.
Text.
Number
Lu tr gi tr s
nguyn.
1, 2, 4, hoc 8
bytes, hoc 16
bytes khi s dng
cho trng ID
Date/Time
D liu kiu ngy

thng
8 bytes.
Currency
Lu gi tr kiu tin
t
8 bytes.
AutoNumber
Gi tr nguyn c
t ng thm vo
khi Insert mt bn
ghi.
4 bytes, 16 bytes
Yes/No
Gi tr kiu Logic
1 bit (8 bits = 1
byte).
OLE Object
Lu tr i tng
nhng.
Ti
a
gigabyte.
Attachment
Lu tr Pictures,
Images,
Binary
files, Office files.
C th ln ti 2
gigabytes
Hyperlink
Lu tr cc kin
kt.
C th ln ti
2Gb
Lookup
Wizard
S dng khi bn
mun to ra trng
Look up (tm kim).
hin th di dng
mt Combo cho
php chn d liu
t ngun c khai
bo
Tng ng gi tr
tm kim tr v
Ch : Dung lng ti a m Access dnh cho mt Database

l 2 Gigabyte.
Thay i nh dng ca trng
Ngoi vic thit lp kiu d liu cho mt trng mi bn cn
c th thit lp thuc tnh Format cho trng . V d, nu
bn nhp vo 10 gi 50 pht sng, Access s thit lp kiu
d liu l Data/Time v thuc tnh Format l Medium Time.
thay i thuc tnh Format ca trng ny bn lm nh
sau:
Trn Ribbon, nhp chn tab Datasheet.
Trong danh sch Format, trong nhm Data Type &
Formatting, chn kiu nh dng m bn mun thit lp.
Ch : Trong danh sch Format ch c nhng gi tr sn c

v n thay i ty thuc vo kiu d liu ca trng .
ch Design View
Khc vi ch hin th Datasheet View, ch Design
View bn c th thit lp cho trng bt c thuc tnh no
m bn mun. ch ny, bn thit lp kiu d liu cho
trng trong bng li.
V thit lp thuc tnh khc cho trng trn Pane Field

Properties.
M bng ch Design View
thit lp kiu d liu cho trng ch Design View
bn lm nh sau:
Trn Pane Navigation, nhp phi chut vo bng cn m
chn Design View.
Bng xut hin ch Design View, trong li thit k bn

chn ti trng cn thay i kiu d liu. Trong ct Data
Type, la chn la chn kiu d liu t danh sch xung.
Thit lp cc thuc tnh khc cho trng
Trong bng li thit k, chn trng m bn mun thit lp
thuc tnh. Access s hin th nhng thuc tnh ca trng
trong Pane Field Properties.
Ch : Kiu d liu ca trng xc nh nn nhng thuc

tnh m trng c th c.
Trong Pane Field Properties, chn ti nhng thuc tnh cn
thit lp ct th nht v in li gi tr ct tip theo, bn
cng c th s dng phm F6 chuyn i qua li gia li
danh sch trng pha trn v Pane Field properties.
Khi lm vic vi nhng thng tin dng Text bn c th s
dng phm Shift + f2 bt hp thoi Zoom, vi hp thoi
ny bn s c nhiu khng gian hn son tho. V d
trong trng hp ny ti t tr chut vo dng u tin ca
ct Description ri nhp Shift + F2 hp thoi Zoom xut hin
nh hnh di y:
Lu li bng
Sau khi to, chnh sa bng, bn nn lu li cc thit k
. Khi bn lu bng ln u tin, hy nhp vo tn cho
bng qua hp thoi thng bo ca Access. Tn bng c
ngha m t ni dung d liu m bng ang cha. Bn c
th nhp tn bng l cc k t hoc ch s v bao gm c
khong trng nhng khng c qu 64 k t.
lu li bng bn c th nhp trc tip t hp phm Ctrl +
S hoc t nt Microsoft Office Button
, bn chn Save.

ExtAccess 2007 - p2

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ExtAccess 2007 - p2

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Bi 2.

Mt bn ghi bao gm gi tr ca nhiu trng chng hn nh

Trn y v mt bng c m ch Datasheet View

y l mt bng c m ch Design View.

Mt thuc tnh ca trng c p dng cho mt trng c

2.1.2. Kiu d liu

Kiu d liu ca trng thc cht l thuc tnh ca trng

Kiu d liu m Access

Number, Long Integer

Number, Long Integer

December 31, 2006

2.1.3. Quan h gia cc bng

lin kt cc bng li vi nhau bn cn phi to ra cc mi

trong mi n hng c mt s Id ca khch hng t n

Mi quan h gia hai bng, c hin th trong ca s

Hiu qu: Ghi d liu mt ch c ngha l bn s dng t

Mt c s d liu n gin, nh danh sch lin lc, c th s

Trong hp nhp File Name, g vo tn cho Database mi.

Hp thoi Open xut hin chn ti Database cn m ri nhp

Trn Tab Create trong nhm Table chn Table.

Mt bng mi c Insert vo Database v bng ny c

2.3.3. S dng bng Template to bng

Issues: L bng s dng theo di nhng hot ng, bao

Hp thoi Open xut hin chn ti Database cn m ri nhp

Trn Tab Create, trong nhm Tables chn nt Table

Mt bng mi c thm vo Database da trn bng mu

Khi bn to ra mt bng mi trong ch hin th Datasheet

Chn bng c kha chnh m bn mun thit lp hoc thay

Bng xut hin ch Design View, hy chn trng

la chn mt trng hy nhp chn vo ct Row selector

Mt biu tng hnh cha kha s xut hin bn tri ca

Loi b kha chnh

Nhp chut chn ti trng hoc danh sch trng ang l

Biu tng cha kha bn pha tri ca cc ct ny s c

Trn Tab Design, tm ti nhm Show/Hide, nhp chn

Property Sheet s xut hin nh hnh di y:

Trn Pane Property Sheet nhp chn Tab General.

ra hai trn ring bit l First Name v Last Name. Sau

Bng d liu c to mi hoc c m ch Datasheet

Trn Tab Home, tm ti nhm Views, nhp chn View, trn

Trn Tab Datasheet, tm ti nhm Fields & Columns, nhp

Mt thanh Pane c tn Field Templates xut hin bn phi

Chn mt hoc nhiu trng trong pane ny ri sau ko

Nhp chn nt Microsoft Office Button

, tip theo chn

Trong hp thoi Open, chn ti Database bn cn lm vic.

Trong Pane Navigation, nhp p chut vo bng cn thm

Pane Field List xut hin nh hnh di y:

Nhp vo biu tng (+) trong danh sch ti bng cn ly

Nhp Next nu nh khng chn thm trng no.

Trong ca s tip theo ny bn chn trng cn sp xp ri

Bn nhp Next chuyn sang bc tip theo

Nhp li tn cho ct nu cn thit, cui cng nhp Finish

2.4.4. Thit lp thuc tnh cho trng

Sau khi to mt trng mi, c th iu khin cc hnh

Nhp vo tn cn sa i, lu tn trng khng c qu

Kiu d liu ca trng s quyt nh nhng thuc tnh m

Cc kiu d liu sn c trong Access.

D liu kiu ngy

Ch : Dung lng ti a m Access dnh cho mt Database

Ch : Trong danh sch Format ch c nhng gi tr sn c

V thit lp thuc tnh khc cho trng trn Pane Field

Bng xut hin ch Design View, trong li thit k bn