TI MN HC

K NNG GII QUYT VN

Sinh vin thc hin: L Nguyn Hong Thng Nguyn Thnh Trung
Nguyn Duy Qun V Thnh An -Trn Vn Giang
Gio vin hng dn: Th Ngc Khnh

GII THIU
Trong thc t khng
c vn no ging
vn no, v cng
khng c mt cng
thc chung no
gii quyt mi vn
.

GII THIU
Cn phi t trang b
cho mnh nhng
hnh trang cn thit
khi vn ny
sinh th c th vn
dng nhng k nng
sn c gii quyt
vn mt cch
hiu qu nht.

GII THIU
K nng gii quyt vn (Problem solving skills) l mt trong
nhng k nng rt cn thit trong hc tp v lm vic

VN L G?

Vn l vt qua mi chng ngi t c

mc ch ca bn thn

VN L G?
VD: Nhng vn nhm cn gii quyt hon
thnh bi thuyt trnh :
Tm kim d liu v vn K nng gii quyt vn
.
Lm mt bi Powerpoint.
Lm mt bi thuyt minh.
Thuyt trnh t tin trc lp.

PHN LOI VN
Theo kh:
C 2 loi vn :
Vn c bn.
Vn phc tp

PHN LOI VN

t vn : Bn
qun mang cha
kha nh khi i ra
ngoi.

PHN LOI VN
Vn n gin:
c xc nh r
rng.
Lp i lp li
C mt nguyn nhn
duy nht
Gii php c quy
nh
Gii php c th nh
gi c hon ton
v nh hng ca
n i vi vn

PHN LOI VN

t vn : Chic xe
ang i th bng
nhin dng li.

PHN LOI VN
Vn phc tp:
Khng c xc nh r
rng
c nht, khng bnh
thng hoc mi l.
C nhiu nguyn nhn.
C nhiu gii php c th.
Gii php s nh hng
vt ra ngoi phm vi
ca vn .
Gii php s thay i.

PHN LOI VN

Vn nghin cu

Vn sai st, li

Vn kin thc

PHN LOI VN

Vn ton hc

Vn ngun lc:
ti chnh, tin bc,
con ngi, thi
gian

Vn x hi

GII QUYT VN
Gii quyt vn (GQV) l mt qu trnh.
VD: Trong khi lm n mn hhocj cn nhiu
bc:
Tm kim thng tin.
Lm powerpoint, thuyt minh.
Thuyt trnh trc lp.

GII QUYT VN
Gii quyt vn l mt phng tin p
ng yu cu ca mt tnh hung khng quen
thuc.
VD:
Lm mt bi thuyt trnh v k nng gii
quyt vn .
Lm mt sn phm sng to.

GII QUYT VN
Gii quyt vn l s kt hp ca kinh
nghim, kin thc, qu trnh v ngh thut.
Vd: lm mt sn phm sng to cn kt kt
hp:
Cc kin thc ton, l, v k thut.
Kinh nghim s dng cc linh kin my mc.

GII QUYT VN
Vn khi lm xe chy
bng ng c phn
lc:
Tm kim vt liu vi
chi ph va phi.
Thit k cho xe chy
xa nht c th.
V bn thit k chi
tit cho xe
..

7.3 GII QUYT VN SNG TO

Ngi thuyt trnh: V Thnh An

MC TIU CN T
1. L do phi gii quyt vn sng to
2. Nm c cc bc gii quyt mt vn

TI SAO PHI GII QUYT VN SNG TO?

Trong thc t ngi k s phi gii
quyt nhiu vn rng ln v phc
tp. Nhng vn ny hu nh cn
phi gii quyt 1 cch sng to nhm
t c mc ch ti u nht trong
thi gian nhanh nht

M hnh gii quyt vn sng to

OSBORN-PANES
Tm
kim
mc tiu

Thc
hin
tng

nh
gi
tng

Tm
kim d
liu

1
6

3
4
Tm
kim
tng

Tm
kim
vn

BC 1: TM KIM MC TIU

TNH HUNG 1
Sau khi tt nghip Bch Khoa bn
mun tr thnh k s chuyn ngnh g?
Nhn xt: Vn n gin Nhanh
chng c c cu tr li

D c!!!

TNH HUNG 2
Trnh by phng thc ch to v cch
thc hot ng ca xe phn lc nc?
Nhn xt: Vn phc tpCha th
a ra cu tr li c th

Vn pht sinh
Ngi thc hin bc ny thng:
1. Kh c th hoc hon ton khng bit g
vi n
2. Khng chc chn tnh hung ny l g
3. Tm kim ln xn l thut ng c dng
tnh hung ny
4. Cn thi gian suy ngh

HNG GII QUYT

Bnh tnh, t tin v t ra cu hi
gi ln suy ngh ca mnh v
vn ny:
_ Chng ta phi lm g?
_ Chng ta cn thi gian bao lu?
_ i tc mun iu g chng ta?
_ Chng ta c phn nn iu g?
_ Chng ta mun iu g xy ra?
_ iu ny c lm chng ta tc
gin, cng thng hay lo lng?
_....................................

NI DUNG BC 1
Bc ny lin quan n nhiu suy ngh
khc nhau. Ta nn:
1. Ghi li bo co v cc vn khc nhau
2. Bt u mi tuyn b vi cm t : Bng cch
no chng ta c th hoc Lm th no
chng ta c th
3. Mi cu tr li cho nhng cu hi trn phn nh
mt mi l do, mt mi quan tm hay nhu cu
4. Hy chn nhng cu tr li tt nht m t
vn mt cch thc s nht

KT LUN
y l bc gi vai tr c s v:
1. u ra ca bc ny l mt bn tuyn b s b
v tnh hung m chng ta i mt
2. Bn tuyn b ny cha suy ngh, mong mun,
tng tng ca chng ta v iu m chng ta
mun n din ra
3. Hy chn nhng tuyn b tt nht Cung cp
nhiu li ch nht

BC 2: TM KIM D LIU

NI DUNG BC 2
Bc ny nh gi v
xem xt tt c cc d liu
gn lin vi tnh hung. Ai
c lin quan, khi no,
u, v ti sao n quan
trng. u ra ca bc ny
l m t chi tit tnh hung
hin ti

BC 2: TM KIM D LIU
Cch tin hnh:
1. To mt danh sch cc s kin v
thng tin, cng nh linh cm bn nng, cm
xc, nhn thc, gi nh v tin n xung
quanh tnh hung.

BC 2: TM KIM D LIU
2. Hy t hi mnh :
C nhng ai lin quan?
Nhng g c lin quan?
Mt s v d ca vn ny l g?
Nhng g gy ra vn ny?
N s xy ra khi no?
N s xy ra u?

BC 2: TM KIM D LIU
3. Sau t nhng cu hi lin quan
n s kin, gip b sung nhng iu
mong mun bit v ni c th tm kim.
Xc nh c mc quan trng ca
vn .

BC 2: TM KIM D LIU
4. S dng suy ngh khc nhau ng no, thu thp tt c d
kin c bit n: S kin ny cn thiu ai? Ai c cu tr li. Khi
c c nhng cu hi quan trng, cn suy ngh v ngun d liu.
Xc nh ngun d liu cn tm, cc d liu cn tm tr li cc
cu hi then cht.
Li khuyn: Hy to mt ma trn hay mt bn d liu Thun
li cho vic nm bt v tham kho d liu

BC 3: TM KIM VN

NI DUNG BC 3
Bc ny thc hin khm ph cc s kin
v d liu tm tt c cc vn v thch thc
c hu trong tnh hung. iu ny m bo
chng ta ang tp trung vo vn .
u ra ca bc ny l mt bn tuyn b
gii quyt vn theo kinh nghim.

CU HI BNG
CCH NO CHNG
TA C TH?
K THUT
THNG DNG

DNG T KHO

5 CU HI TI SAO

K THUT 1: DNG CC CU HI
BNG CCH NO TA C
TH?
ng no lit k mt danh sch cc tuyn
b vn c th bt u t cu Bng cch
no chng ta c th..?
Gip ta suy ngh v vn mt cch tch
cc hay tiu cc

K THUT 2: DNG CC T
KHO
Mt cch tip cn vic xc nh vn
l vit ra cu hi vi on u Bng
cch no chng ta c th.?
S phi hp t duy

V D:
Bng cch no ti c th xin c tin?
Bng cch no ti c th mn c
tin?
Bng cch no ti c th kim c
tin?
Bng cch no ti c th nhn c s
gip ?

K THUT 3: DNG K THUT 5 CU HI

TI SAO
Tuy xc nh c nhim v mt cch
c th v r rng nhng s rt hu ch nu
chng ta tuyn b li nhim v bc tru
tng cao hn
Thng mang li nhng hiu bit bt ng,
pht hin nhng gii php khng b nghi ng

K THUT 3: DNG K THUT 5 CU

HI TI SAO
Hy a nh ngha vn ra v hi Ti sao
ti mun n?. Tr li cu hi ny ri hi li cu
hi va ri v tm cch tr li khc
Kt qu ca cu tr li l bn cht ca vn
c tru tng mc cao hn
Tm ra nguyn nhn gc r ca vn

III. Gii quyt vn sng to

Bc 4: Tm kim tng

NTT Nguyn Duy Qun

III. Gii quyt vn sng to

Bc 4: Tm kim tng
- Chn ra cc tng tt nht thc hin

tng
Ly
vn : lm n mn hc nhp mn k thut
Chim bay bng dy thun
Xe phn lc nc
Xe by chut
Xe chy bng coke+mentos

NTT Nguyn Duy Qun

III. Gii quyt vn sng to

Bc 4: Tm kim tng

- Trnh xu hng nh gi cc tng qu

sm

Xe by chut
lm nhiu ri!

Chim kh lm
Lm!

X
X

$ u mua mentos
vi coke

Bla..bla.bla

NTT Nguyn Duy Qun

III. Gii quyt vn sng to

Bc 4: Tm kim tng

- thc hin bc ny cn s dng cc t duy sng

to khc nhau tm kim tng:
Mind Mapping

NTT Nguyn Duy Qun

III. Gii quyt vn sng to

Bc 4: Tm kim tng

- thc hin bc ny cn s dng cc t duy sng

to khc nhau tm kim tng:
S chng ln nhu cu/c mun
Nhu cu
1
Nhu cu

Nhu cu 2
tng

Nhu cu 4

Nhu cu 3
NTT Nguyn Duy Qun

III. Gii quyt vn sng to

Bc 5: nh gi tng

NTT Nguyn Duy Qun

III. Gii quyt vn sng to

Bc 5: nh gi tng

- Thc cht ca bc ny l tm kim gii php,

gm 3 bc:

NTT Nguyn Duy Qun

III. Gii quyt vn sng to

Bc 5: nh gi tng

1: Xy dng cc tiu ch nh gi tng

Chi ph
Sng to

Thc t

tng
D thc
hin

Kh thi
Mi
m

NTT Nguyn Duy Qun

III. Gii quyt vn sng to

Bc 5: nh gi tng

2: nh gi cc tng (dng ma trn nh gi)

- S dng cc tiu ch #1 nh gi
- C th dng cc thang im nh gi
Tiu
ch

Sng to

Chi ph

Thc t

Kh thi

Mi m

D thc
hin

Xe by chut

Chim dy thun

Xe
mentos + coke

Xe phn lc
nc

tng

8 Nguyn Duy8Qun
NTT

III. Gii quyt vn sng to

Bc 5: nh gi tng
3: Chn mt hoc nhiu tng tt nht

Tiu
ch

Sng to

Chi ph

Thc t

Kh thi

Mi m

D thc
hin

Xe by chut

Chim dy thun

Xe
mentos + coke

Xe phn lc
nc

tng

NTT8 Nguyn Duy8Qun

III. Gii quyt vn sng to

Bc 6: Thc hin tng

NTT Nguyn Duy Qun

III. Gii quyt vn sng to

Bc 6: Thc hin tng

- y l giai on lp k hoch hnh ng

- Ngi gii quyt vn phi xy dng k
hoch hnh ng.
- Trong k hoch phi c cc thng tin nh thi gian,
a im thc hin; ngi chu trch nhim cc bc

NTT Nguyn Duy Qun

III. Gii quyt vn sng to

Bc 6: Thc hin tng
V d (p/s: ch l v d)
Cng vic

Thi gian (tun)

1

Ghi nht k

Mua nguyn liu

Thit k bn v

x
x

Ch to
Th nghim
chnh sa

Lm thuyt
minh

x
x

NGUYN THNH TRUNG

T DUY 6 CHIC M
cha kha gii quyt xung t kin

Bn

cn ra quyt nh
v mt vn ?

Nhm ca bn ang tranh

ci v mt chng trnh
sp ti?

Hy s dng k thut 6 chic m t duy.

L mt k nng rt ni ting c nhiu cng ty,
tp on hng u ng dng.

LCH S
Edward

de Bono gii thiu

trong cun 6 Thinking Hats.

mt k thut mnh m v
c o.

Vn

c gii quyt da trn nhiu gc

4
nhn khc nhau.

NG DNG
Suy ngh ton din.

Tng nng sut lm vic.

Tch ring c tnh.

NG DNG
Ci tin

o to

Pht trin

 ngha ca tng loi m

Dng 6 ci m i din cho 6 dng thc
ca suy ngh.

N cp n chiu hng suy ngh hn

l tn gi.

N ch c tc dng nh hng suy ngh trong khi thnh

vin trong nhm cho kin i ln m thi.

ngha ca 6 chic
m vi 6 mu khc nhau c trnh
Concept
by bn di:

M trng
Trung tnh v khch quan, tp trung
vo s liu thc t.

Mt s cu hi c th s dng:

M
Trc gic v cm xc.
Mt

s cu hi c th s
dng:

M VNG
Tch cc, sng sa v lc quan.

Mt s cu hi c th s dng:

M EN
L

chic m ca s thn trng.

N ch ra im yu ca mt vn
.

Mt s cu hi c th s dng:

M XANH L CY
Thuc

v nhng tng mi v
sng to.

Mt s cu hi c th s dng:

Concept

M XANH DA TRI
Mt m v ging nh bu tri,
cao hn tt c mi th.

Chic

m nyClick
lin
quanClickti
vic iu khin,
to add text
to add text
t chc qu trnh t duy v vic s dng cc
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m khc.
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l chic nn ca ngi lnh o hay

trng nhm tho lun.

M XANH DA TRI
Vai tr ca ngi i nn xanh da tri l:
Nguyn tc vng: "Ti
mt thi im nht nh,
mi ngi phi i m
cng mu".