ee Introduction The urate of (generate) lini sac the ey sas is elt with monogaphs, spied colectons arcs, not and other esac del Ing withthe ropes ls inded ete books ach Neva, Jeph ‘Wine and Zc 94) ate devoted toting bt lt referee vant the ty of ite An! yet a ech several tana online de ona. inching Wee's Urartu up wo mention ofthe word The Oso EgistDionry Gt notes iin ean tins tay "An ‘lic or poi” Nor bt of immedi hp here, but at a we have ‘ink toa much ode tation, forthe notions of ele an prot are ‘thoroughly rounded in gram deseption dating ack a est 10 the seventeenth entry. ‘The OEDvenry is supprtedbya quotation rm da (pa: vis “Many languages have clement ) combine phology with words wih vic they donot form morphslgialconsracton, and (2) do mo on site drvatioal or ineesonal fermi. The te ‘i may. be ployed thi pera meaning” xymolgialh tir Grd neh ‘olan and refers to thistendency of cit dependon other unread snr. ‘Our understanding thas far essentially neve: a i something, thats ot interned it the sentence ine wayne wore at abot ‘ot imaged int words in he ray alle ae. Bat pte nein chat ‘eve ths the ass at jut a ane bt ftw nea Inepeet rac trons, ‘One ofthese, the oe, i associated in gui prinariy with a ‘ion gmmarian ed Indo Buopeaite Thi eel onclil nderstnding, on whch (ro en-ctesastees “A” word that las independent cent an that (a res depends prosody on ‘sce word. The OBD dties ect or instance folowing Lddel nd ‘Scout Grek: ings Lx) asa word tht "Teas its accent he re ‘edn word in Grek grammar the distin epithe of hoe words which2 Ages the Toy of Cis ‘eno accent and which (hen photic ws permease seca ac ‘att be don the ast tle fhe word whch hey flow, Hence apd ‘the analogous ain particle gee, ab in mer] we rh ‘tesio of sere) o those unemphati word in ther langle tha a ‘ested in pronation fTorming pr the preceding word This was crainy what Jakob Wackrnagel te atom sit of tk, meant in iscsi pper(Wicherspl ps) whes he poe of esa ‘occ. Such an interpretation i nota al contovered bythe poi a hat paps which was the further im tat cited thi ey) the ancient Indo-European nguags-and presumably so in Pots Indo opea~may hide ote in some pric ation (on tht esa “eon postion” afer the fst word of he date) For example nt omc Grok example (4), the wo enc elena sd nt “98 sc pronoun oth appear immedi afr he i fll ond the (6a) poeeste=min resto ippesphorein Imunpandt prayed dee tay ‘And many riders payed cary Ua gs) or Wachragel the ocurence ofthese werd in this poston flowed di rely fom propery ofthe form: 10 with kof an inept) ‘scent The fundamental sense ofc’ on thi ve, te, nao ne Clits ae lite word ht ack cen ofthe ‘Moder symacticins onthe otber han, hve teow dint des tout the notion of ct” Foe hem, testy of cts evenly the study of pric f pono leet andes hat bbe he ‘them, ox commonly the Romance (conjunc) pronouns. Thiconepton pray seit ithaih radon ofc cach ging "he work of Richard Kay, n Kayes) a amber of isin proper sein withthe vant abt of pronarinalsincng not ol tht inte postion immediately preceding the et 0 oppoed oer nom inal egresion), but ao tht nb to be mdi er conjoined. Thee ‘ropes go oper with cern phon ean nyc sndappeatodefne a category of gammatal cements For Kat tne ho hae ontined this of esearch, the depo fice pinay mater ofthe specials ofthe pronouns 1 igualges tor bat Ra meameseas ort te EE scent amcgunstch et napa Imadusion 5 ‘That notion extremely widespread. For ramp when we cons the Inder ofa recent reference amma of Catan (Whee, aes and D999) fr"? wei “see romaminal its” Thiet ese Ce other lemens fines (in Chapter se wiles cha re ented prepositions inthis ange that have proper quite worth xa ‘nig, bt rather becase statics ae paral treed nets such those underined in crampl (e2) (a) Te ome whi hat anata sot 26 aa thee youbiwe gone alldine id you goof thea ane (on n=) or researchers of this permason, wt cremate abou th der line rents.) ot thnk fac (a phonolgi poper), bt rather the fc that (in Catan, a i moet Ronnie lange) hey al ple ‘imal efor the never of the cause psn in which cor ‘ponding non-citc ements woud ot pear, Thi senseo "thos "morpho etc one. My eal inthis bok i to explore both of thee ess of te hi tert andthe impcatons of tian rte these of rami ‘mor pcily The general perspective willbe one tht grows he he ‘yf AMoplows Marplloy (Anderso 990 where cae eae the phrasal analog af wor-eve morpeloy a more general erm, the. realy sang accom and explanation willbe sought within te ‘parma tase primary onsen of consti ( version af Opimay “Theory rather than n ue. Mucho the nays on he morpenyc side is resid by tat of Anderon (ooo) which eth ened here and complemette by moe tention tthe phonalgl eof the blo, ‘The bai architecture of the bok serine bythe distin Bes ‘een the two logy independent seme f the notion occa toe hepin a Chapter ay endeworingw sprite thes by iting simple clcs—refering wa pure phonlogi dimension ofc ond ‘rom spec ccs in more less the ene of Zr (9), Tomi vo snes that might be tke strate simple, who chor we an lar compare and conta wth that of merponytaialy anid spc slice, The st ofthese ia fc ements or th Wash gag aka who propeti wheal vert ln some rp a ‘tesa. “Te second cae conser hte elles rather more complex tory how er. thas come fit common wt Engl conte unitary frm such 8 th in Nixon the ane a nea cantonal insane of simp ics‘oun for ifthe ements are indeed be cled-smpl® cc, “Tosythat one ses ofthe ert” ta bein wt the phonol- oft eevant cements donc of cue actual proven ae the, ‘x7 of hat dineson Infact, he Phooey ocliktaton shy ound ‘pith he atte and vats ofthe mach rae theory of posite inking. and we can ony understand phono ces by Pang ls behavior within his ager context n Chapter coding eine ‘tpn aera thi laos within framework of Opin “Theory ad se that ari ata carcino the honoloy of lie, ‘spi but not xcs ia Eagle thatthe proper of Eng lsh sede aur do inded al within oonalapie sound thes hath obstacle cling the “snl in th tec so, spite completes of thi belvo Having pve an acount oh phonological dimension flat, then more on in Chapter tothe morphosstxo peal ics. Starting om the chic descrip generations of vicky, Kiva, Kise and ter (summa Andron 1x2) abst the lation in which the a Some morphology consis ot of aes bet foe ont of change a ‘shape Now concatenate” morphology). The ea case to be mde ha he not fnctin filed ty isis sometime alae by changes in shape ether than the ation of eenabe materi «ps, and nance oe “Non og Mie and aes his pot gree deta. Se shows hat that [inguge hear poelgal ules dting tal sp cae seer- caro ental vowel and deltng word itll i pid ope. “Tes proces ne the fect of racing lic frm to monoyablr under appropiate nations, and some forms show a lertion tht ‘ven by these aes We can se that he aration Between doyle and ‘monosabic forms sa consequence ofthese ale bean slower speech ‘helo bles re “ested Bt there ae other fora or which he sor frm das no comespond ‘oany longer slow speech om, and in soother cases, the aeration not ‘omnehing acne deine fom the (independent mata) phono.Aue of the Thay of Ces For instance, the thd person masetne objec pronoun is in it fall ox, bt re when raced The al frm fhe it ptm fia oo ‘nouns ua frboth sj ad objets he cormoponding es or ‘ai am nl be sed fo sbjects weve. The eee for fa a ‘ct sthe phonological prediable) shape rl These die relations Show that the reduced for ae not—or at etn inthe ener case led he operation of phonological aes tlk then, asi the te and nomic ors in sch se ate fen lea aerate For instance English od a wo eal shapes: the i for andthe noc wd. The Minch pean maine objet I he forms 7 and rte In ah of thee casey the os in the lea etry must be accompanied by some statement of thei dstbtion ‘But in tat ease the difrence betwee cite forms an bound words es much of is theoretical iat: ound word i at n Una Kencal em hat does not happen ve any no tc aa lemant—saey not | udmentl direc oft, ‘Wat about cases where thee realy is some motivated phondlogkal uci tht wets the lite the nome form Ti theca wth ‘much (hough no al) ofthe Mines lon for eum wad pap ts As se for English bjt pronouns, Int cee want ty the ex ‘el ery provides only one lel shape, and the phonology bat a lit thn ys ede force). Hert appear we have something ‘whichis feet bot rm pore non-classical tbe cies, Bot what iit that we ein sah ase? Beything depends what we ‘wan ay the atte “i” andi partly wheter te exstence ‘fern rake in the phonology could te rt aan tem dasifeton. Wei eal or gamma category on, vey sly ‘qt anomalous sg thats phonaopel re could conver something Ino one But in, therein eon to Beet “(phonological lie ‘a peimiie onthe onder af he neler ‘hrc bear involve) the bene of sslonomoas cen property shared by mos (hough a we wile, ot al ffs and (8) phonoagal ‘subordination to anther word Infact as ona here cae Yo be te ‘henry of pro sac wihi which o acl the problem wl ‘er the pperine of Zick’ paper it came possible to ies coberat destin of the phono property ht makes verehing li wow wating “ete” a alee or gamtatial eatery. Te neces anew, which we wl ius in more dain Chapter grounded in dco ofthe o-oo hierarchy” fr which se een point he entation in Sli (98) or Nspr and Voge 8). What ina Csi 15 A fist approxiztion to a dracterzation ofits, slong tins we wil amply ite slows Let ry that the phonologal batneof word ‘Sern int reste igh ee! promi dona the "pond word” ‘consent of his ype i composed et which in tam a compe fsa, composed af segment, kd to eure Alien in conta 0 lexkal words, const of ements, o lables o even Feet Bu these ate nt (general) oni into a prosodic word. Prosodic words i ture ae the servations set that fom a descriptive pit of view thre (atest) to ‘omevhat diferent kind of ik demenegrammaal mets sd sean ‘ily conte fl one wl event want 0 aa alo beeen this Alerence ad ht between ifaion snd detain morphology, and ‘eur tothismate in Chapters and 6 ‘At ths point Ive desperate of the Kind fis that ‘ought tobe accounted fo by grammti hery, td ome notions of ow {that might be doe, tks fr te phonlogil dmenson of lite hood | ‘the fllowng chp tu to deer examination othe pond ass of ‘honologial clcaaion. In the couse ofthat dicuson we wl ari | 1 reslton af the problem pose by the Englh stirs dacused above in section 24 showing that ther wal propre can ined be edad 0 ‘he tre a phono cis 3 The Phonology of Cliticization {exw proced onthe astumption that the propose analy Fahsh ede urea simple (phonolgilclits in Capers iron arp ake that ‘ie rom gam in he ee toa pain alas weve we ed ore cali theoyafhow the prod tract of crn one, ‘wel how that sures etd to yt truce. H male ns 10 ‘con the natu of prosody et, beginning withthe propos made Ly varow autores Seiko) well Neo td Vogl 985) concerning prosodic orion Talent smear of tae ‘ss induding reference © teraction wo clits, be ound in perp (7) and Vii (203). 11 Prosodie Structure {lasiclGeneratve Phonology a incarnate in Chomsky ad Hale’ 68) ‘The Sour ater of Ens (SPE) made wo broad aston bow repre ‘entation whose epadtion has ines ban th ure rach phooloil ‘theorising. On of tse concerned the nerf between tesa td the ‘Phonology. The dam that (morpho) nant stern to he ‘operation ofthe phology igang in Chor Hal a se) lee phonolgsts athe oso ame tht th conn soul be. lente by allowing te ue of the phonlagy to refer diet to syetactic Structure! Iwill tar the appropri charieiaton of ese ere "ions in sein 3.3m st though, my concen i with anche basic assmptio ofthe SPE theory: the clan ht phonological epresentatons are mas of ears, ‘oe only intrnal nization gen bythe rows and cols of matic ‘ih no further herrea structure. The dvson othe represen ito units cha bey morpemes words pase, wat cid oat 19 ‘he extent it ws dered signa) bythe odacton of u-epmenta ae