MC LC

MC LC ................................................................................................................................. 1
DANH MC HNH NH ....................................................................................................... 3
THNG TIN KT QU NGHIN CU CA TI ...................................................... 4
INFORMATION ON RESEARCH RESULTS ..................................................................... 5
THNG TIN V SINH VIN................................................................................................. 6
CHU TRCH NHIM CHNH THC HIN TI....................................................... 6
LI NI U .......................................................................................................................... 7
CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V GAME TNG TC V NG DNG CNG NGH
THNG TIN TRONG GIO DC ........................................................................................ 9
1.1. Game tr chi in t.......................................................................................9
1.2. Khi nim v game tng tc ............................................................................10
1.3. Lch s ngnh cng nghip game.......................................................................12
1.4. Game Flash.........................................................................................................12
1.5. Quy trnh to Game ............................................................................................ 13
1.6. Gii php ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong dy hc ....................................15
1.7. Tr chi hc tp l g ?....................................................................................... 15
CHNG 2 PHNG PHP GING DY CH CI TING VIT .......................... 19
2.1. Phng php ging dy tch cc. .......................................................................19
2.2. Ch ci ting vit trong chng trnh hc mm non. ...............................................20
2.3. Ch ci ting vit trong chng trnh ting Vit 1. ...........................................20
2.4. Nguyn tc trong dy ch ci ting Vit trong lp 1. ........................................22
2.4.1. Nguyn tc giao tip: ....................................................................................22
2.4.2. Nguyn tc pht trin t :..............................................................................22
2.4.3. Nguyn tc tnh n c im ca ngi hc. ..............................................22
2.4.4. Nguyn tc trc quan ....................................................................................22
2.5. Phng php dy hc Tp vit ...........................................................................23
2.5.1. Cc nt ch c bn ........................................................................................ 23
2.5.2. Cc nt b sung ............................................................................................. 24
2.5.3. Cu to v cch vit h thng ch ci ting Vit..........................................24
CHNG 3 NGN NG ACTIONSCRIPT......................................................................26
3.1 Khi qut ngn ng ActionScript v phn mm Adobe Flash 5.5 .....................26
1

3.1.1 Phn mm Adobe Flash Professional phin bn 5.5 ......................................26

3.1.2 Ngn ng ActionScript ..................................................................................26
3.2. Lp trnh vi ngn ng ActionScipt 2.0 ............................................................ 29
3.2.1. Cc kiu d liu ............................................................................................ 32
3.2.2. Bin v Hng.................................................................................................33
3.2.3. Ton t v Biu thc .....................................................................................33
3.2.4. Cc cu trc lnh iu khin .........................................................................35
3.2.5. Hm ...............................................................................................................38
3.2.6. Lp v i tng .......................................................................................... 40
CHNG 4: XY DNG CHNG TRNH DY CH CI TING VIT..............45
4.1. Thit k kch bn chng trnh...................................................................................45
4.2. Kch bn c th cho tng nhm ch. .................................................................46
4.2.1 Kch bn cho nhm ch e, , b, v...................................................................46
4.2.2 Kch bn cho nhm ch i, h, o, c. ..................................................................48
4.2.3 Kch bn cho nhm ch t, u, , x. ..................................................................50
4.2.4 Kch bn cho nhm ch n, m, d, . ................................................................ 50
4.2.5 Kch bn cho nhm ch n, m, d, . ................................................................ 52
4.2.6 Kch bn cho nhm ch s, r, k, p. ..................................................................55
4.2.7 Kch bn cho nhm ch g, q, y, , ............................................................... 57
CHNG 5: CHNG TRNH, HNH NH ...................................................................59
5.1 Gii thiu b phn mm hc v dy ch ci ting Vit ......................................59

DANH MC HNH NH
Hnh 2.1: Mi quan h nht qun gia chun u ra, ging dy v hc tp, v nh gi .... 19
Hnh 4.1:Giao din chng trnh sau khi ci t ........................................................... 60
Hnh 4.2: Giao din chng trnh trc khi chi game ................................................60
Hnh 4.3: Gii thiu c truyn ....................................................................................... 61
Hnh 4.4: Bn v cc nt ca chng trnh .............................................................. 61
Hnh 4.5: Giao din hc ch ci ....................................................................................62
Hnh 4.6: Hc ch H (hoa). ........................................................................................... 62
Hnh 4.7: Game 1...........................................................................................................63
Hnh 4.8: Game 2...........................................................................................................63
Hnh 4.9: Game 3...........................................................................................................64
Hnh 4.10: Game 4.........................................................................................................64

TRNG I HC CNG NGH

THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG
KHOA: CNG NGH THNG TIN

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp T do Hnh phc

THNG TIN KT QU NGHIN CU CA TI

1. Thng tin chung:
- Tn ti: Xy dng game tng tc v ng dng vo dy hc Ting Vit
- Sinh vin thc hin: L TIN MNH
- Lp: CNPM-K8A

Khoa: Cng ngh thng tin

Nm th: 5

S nm o to:5

- Ngi hng dn: Th.S NG TH LAN

2. Mc tiu ti: Vn dng kin thc v game, cng c lp trnh to ra sn phn

ng dng thc t, gip cho ph huynh d dng dy tr hc ch ci Ting Vit.

3. Tnh mi v sng to: Xy dng game va cho ngi chi tng tc vi game va

hc ch ci Ting Vit.
4. Kt qu nghin cu: Game tng tc v ng dng vo dy hc Ting Vit
5. ng gp v mt kinh t - x hi, gio dc v o to, an ninh, quc phng v kh
nng p dng ca ti: B sung thm mt sn phm gip dy v hc ch ci Ting

Vit cho tr em.

6. Cng b khoa hc ca sinh vin t kt qu nghin cu ca ti (ghi r tn tp ch nu
c) hoc nhn xt, nh gi ca c s p dng cc kt qu nghin cu (nu c):
Ngy 27 thng 11 nm 2013
Sinh vin chu trch nhim chnh
thc hin ti
L TIN MNH
Nhn xt ca ngi hng dn v nhng ng gp khoa hc ca sinh vin thc hin
ti (phn ny do ngi hng dn ghi):

Ngy
Xc nhn ca Khoa

thng

nm 2013

Ngi hng dn

UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION

THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Independence Freedom - Hapiness

FACULTY: INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

INFORMATION ON RESEARCH RESULTS

1. General information:
- Project title: Building interactive games and applications in teaching Vietnamese
- Author: LE TIEN MANH
- Class: CNPM - K8A

Faculty: Infomation Technology - Supervisor: 5

2. Objective(s): Applying knowledge about gaming, programming tools to produce

practical application section, to help parents teach children to easily learn letters
Vietnamese
3. New and creative contents: Building game has players interact with the game to
learn Vietnamese alphabet.
4. Research results: Interactive games and applications in teaching Vietnamese
5. Significant contributions to socio-economy, education and training, security,
defense and the applicability: To add a product to help teaching and learning
Vietnamese alphabet for children
6. Students scientific publications from research results (state detail information
about the journal) or comments, evaluations of the agency/ institutions applying the
research results (if any):

TRNG I HC CNG NGH

THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG
KHOA: CNG NGH THNG TIN

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp T do Hnh phc

THNG TIN V SINH VIN

CHU TRCH NHIM CHNH THC HIN TI
I. S LC V SINH VIN:
nh 4x6

H v tn: L TIN MNH

Sinh ngy: 20 thng 08 nm 1991
Ni sinh: Thi Ha - Lp Thch - Vnh Phc
Lp: CNPM - K8A

Kha:K8

Khoa: Cng ngh thng tin.

a ch lin h: Lp CNPM-K8A
in thoi: 01656302647

Email:letienmanh2008@gmail.com

II. QU TRNH HC TP (k khai thnh tch ca sinh vin t nm th 1 n nm ang hc):

* Nm th 1:
Ngnh hc:

CNTT

Khoa: Cng Ngh Thng Tin

Kt qu xp loi hc tp: Trung Bnh.

S lc thnh tch: 2.48
* Nm th 2:
Ngnh hc:

CNTT

Khoa: Cng Ngh Thng Tin

Kt qu xp loi hc tp: Trung Bnh.

S lc thnh tch: 2.11
* Nm th 3:
Ngnh hc:

CNTT

Khoa: Cng Ngh Thng Tin

Kt qu xp loi hc tp: Kh
S lc thnh tch: 2.59
Ngy
Xc nhn ca trng i hc

thng

nm

Sinh vin chu trch nhim chnh

(k tn v ng du)

thc hin ti
(k, h v tn)

L TIN MNH
6

LI NI U
Cng ngh thng tin & truyn thng c th em li gi tr cho qu trnh ging
dy v hc tp. Trn th gii, cc chnh sch mi v i mi gio dc c xy dng
da trn tin v trin vng ca tch hp Cng ngh thng tin & truyn thng mt
cch c hiu qu vo dy hc. Vit Nam, vic ng dng Cng ngh thng tin &
truyn thng trong gio dc c ng rt c mong i. Cc nh gio dc Vit Nam c
khuyn khch ng dng Cng ngh thng tin & truyn thng hp l tt ccc lp
vcc mn hc. Trn thc t, vic s dng Cng ngh thng tin & truyn thng cho
ging dy hin nay vn cn hn ch. Cng ngh thng tin & truyn thng cn c coi
nh mt kha cnh c bit quan trng trong hnh trang vn ha dy hc ca th k
21, h tr cc m hnh pht trin chuyn i mi cho php m rng bn cht v kt
qu hc tp ca ngi hc.
Chi tr chi c ng nh lao ng, hc tp, tr chi l mt loi hnh hot ng
sng ca con ngi. Tr chi l mt hot ng khng th thiu c ca con ngi
mi la tui. Tr chi c cha ng nhng ch , ni dung nht nh, c nhng quy
ch nht nh m ngi chi phi tun th. Tr chi va mang tnh cht vui chi, gii
tr song ng thi li c ngha gio dng v gio dc ln lao.
c bit i vi tr em chi c ngha l hc, l khm ph th gii mun mu
xung quanh, l khi dy trong mnh nhng cm gic v c m, l c gng thc
hin nhng c m . ng nh nhn nh ca nh gio dc hng u th gii
Arngoroki: "Tr chi l con ng tr em nhn thc th gii, l ni chng ang
sng v l ci chng nhn thy cn phi thay i".
Tr chi hc tp l tr chi c ni dung gn vi ni dung bi hc v phc v
cho mc ch hc tp, gip hc sinh khai thc vn kinh nghim bn thn. Tr chi hc
tp, gip rn luyn tr tu ln phm cht o c cho hc sinh.
"Tr chi hc tp" (Play -based learning) l phng php gio dc truyn ti
mt thng ip hay mt ni dung c th n ngi tham gia thng qua hnh thc tr
chi, lm cho ngi tham gia t khm ra ni dung bi hc mt cch ch ng, thch
th v ghi nh c kin thc mt cch t nhin v su sc nht.
Ni dung hc ch ci cho tr em (5-6 tui) l vic quan trng, l nn tng cho
vic hc c- vit ca tr em sau ny. Nhm mc ch cho tr em n tp c ch ci

 c hc trng qua cc tr chi, chng em nghin cu ti xy dng game

tng tc v ng dng vo dy ch ci ting Vit.
thc hin c ti ny chng em tm hiu v
- Ni dung chng trnh hc ch ci ca b Gio Dc- o To.
- Tm l tr em.
- Game tng tc.
- Tm hiu cc cng c thit k game : Adobe Flash, ngn ng kch bn AS2.
- Thit k v ci t game.

CHNG 1
TNG QUAN V GAME TNG TC V NG DNG CNG NGH
THNG TIN TRONG GIO DC
1.1. Game tr chi in t
Ngy 15/7/2013, Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh s 72/2013/N-CP v qun
l, cung cp, s dng dch v Internet v thng tin trn mng thay th Ngh nh s
97/2008/N-CP ngy 28 /8/ 2008 ca Chnh ph v qun l , cung cp, s dng dch
v Internet v thng tin in t trn Internet. Ti chng 4, Ngh nh s 72/2013/NCP quy nh c th v tr chi in t trn mng.
Vy, Tr chi in t trn mng l g ? Theo Bch khoa ton th m th Tr
chi in t gi l Video game - gi tt l game l mt dng tr chi in t lin quan
n tnh tung tc vi mt giao din ngi s dng to ra mt phn hi hnh nh
trn mt thit b hin th . Tuy nhin, vi s ph bin ca thut ng "video game", gi
y n ng

tt c cc dng thit b hin th. H thng thit b in t s dng chi

video game c gi l cc h my nh (PC- my tnh c nhn) mt my tnh c nhn

kt ni vi mt mn hnh c phn gii cao...
Dch v tr chi in t trn mng - gi tt l dch v tr chi in t l vic
cung cp cho ngi chi kh nng truy nhp vo mng v chi cc tr chi in t
trn mng. Theo phng thc cung cp v s dng dch v tr chi in t trn mng
c phn loi theo k t G1, G2, G3 v G4, c th: (1) Tr chi in t c s tng
tc gia nhiu ngi chi vi nhau ng thi thng qua h thng my ch tr chi ca
doanh nghip- gi tt l tr chi G1; (2) Tr chi in t ch c s tng tc gia
ngi chi vi h thng my ch tr chi ca doanh nghip- gi tt l tr chi G2; (3)
Tr chi in t c s tng tc gia nhiu ngi chi vi nhau nhng khng c s
tng tc gia ngi chi vi h thng my ch tr chi ca doanh nghip - gi tt l
tr chi G3; (4) Tr chi in t c ti v qua mng, khng c s tng tc gia
ngi chi vi nhau v gia ngi chi vi h thng my ch tr chi ca doanh
nghip - gi tt l tr chi G4.
c trng ca Game
D c mt s

kin tranh ci nhng phn ln mi ngi u tha nhn rng c

trng ca game khi so snh vi cc loi hnh gii tr khc chnh l s tng tc. V nhu
cu ca m i ngi chi lun lun l khc nhau nn cc game thng cung cp cho h
9

nhng tri nghim tuyn tnh di hnh thc ny hay hnh thc khc. iu ny l m
bo rng ngi chi s cm nhn nhng g m nh sn xut mun h cm nhn.
D cho l mt game c th gii m hay ng, ngi chi vn phi tun theo
mt ct truyn c nh hng.
S t do trong game ti t kh nng tng tc. Ngi chi s t do trong vic
vt qua tng phn ca game theo cch m h mong mun, theo cch m h gii
quyt nhng vn nh sn xut t ra. S t do l th m khng mt loi hnh
gii tr no khc c c.
1.2. Khi nim v game tng tc
Game tng tc l hnh thc tng tc gia ngi v my tnh thng qua cc
thit b nhp xut nh bn phm, chut, webcame con ngi c th iu khin
c cc nhn vt trong game mt cch d dng.
Tng tc l mt dng hnh ng xy ra gia hai hay nhiu i tng v gy
nh hng tc ng qua li ln nhau. Tc ng hai chiu l mt c im ca khi
nim tng tc, to ra s khc bit vi mi quan h nhn qu mt chiu.
Truyn thng tng tc l hot ng truyn thng m ngi lm truyn thng
v ngi tip nhn n c th tng tc qua li ln nhau.
Game tng tc l tr chi m nhiu ngi chi c th tng tc vi nhau v
tng tc vi cc i tng trong game thng qua nhn vt i din. Do yu cu phi
c nhiu ngi chi nn game tng tc thng c trin khai dng game online.
Phn loi game tng tc
Game tng tc trc tip gia ngi vi ngi: L cc tr chi trng tc gia
cc ngi chi vi nhau. Game tng tc gia ngi vi my: l game tng tc gia
ngi vi my. Hot ng trong tr chi ph thuc ch yu vo tng tc gia ngi
chi v logic thc hin tr chi.
Game lai gia hai loi trn: Kt hp hai hnh thc tng tc gia ngi chi vi
ngi chi v gia ngi vi my. Game chin thut tng tc: Game ny ch trng
ti vic qun l ngun ti nguyn v xy dng cc n v c tnh nng v s lng
khc nhau.
c im ca game tng tc
Xt ti cc c im ca game tng tc, hc vin c th k n rt nhiu tham s.

10

Nhng trong ti liu ny, hc vin s ch cp n nhng c im ca game

tng tc nh hng n vic trin khai game tng tc trn mng truyn thng nhm
m bo cht lng ca dch v tr chi cung cp ti khch hng.
Hnh ng tng tc: Gm tt c cc game c lin quan n hnh ng, cao
kh nng chin u ca nhn vt, t s dng cc cu , thng ip phc tp; M i
ngi chi l mt nhn vt trong game, c cc c tnh khc nhau, tng tc trc tip
vi nhau.
Nhp vai tng tc: y l th loi ngi chi nhp vai vo mt nhn vt hoc
mt nhm nhn vt, v tng tc ch yu vi cc nhn vt ph trong game, tham gia
cc cuc chin u vi mt qu trnh xy dng nhn vt thng qua vic tng cp ,
pht trin cc k nng, tnh cch.
Kh nng pht trin Game tng tc trn mng NGN-IMS
Trong m hnh game trn internet hin nay, ta thy c ng c 2 phn chnh l
phn dch v (bao gm Client v Server) v phn truyn ti trn mi trng internet.
Nh vy, nu trin khai game trn mng NGN th phn truyn ti s c m bo v
iu khin bi tng truyn ti, chc chn cht lng dch v game s c m bo.
Cc tnh nng dch v NGN-IMS cung cp cc chc nng cn thit h

tr cho

s hon chnh ca cc game online nhiu ngi chi thng qua cc dch v m n
cung cp nh: messaging, present, location..
Tim nng khi trin khai Game tng tc trn mng NGN-IMS
Phi hp c nhiu knh truyn thng trong game to ra nhiu c tnh th v
lm cho game giu c tnh v gn i thc hn.
Trin khai game trn NGN-IMS mang li doanh thu cho khng nhng nh kinh
doanh game m c cc nh cung cp dch v Vin thng. Nh cung cp dch v game
tit kim c nhng khon chi ph ng k cho cc vic qun tr vn hnh bo dng
h tng mng, chm sc khch hng, tnh v thu cc, ... v cc chc nng ny c
cc nh cung cp dch v Vin thng thc hin. Nh cung cp dch v Vin thng
c ng nh m hnh ny s li ko c nh khch hng, c phn chia doanh thu t
nh cung cp game trn c s chia s h tng.NGN-IMS c kh nng iu khin trong
mng hi t FMC phn h iu khin NGN-IMS c lp vi cc phng thc
truy nhp, ngi chi c th di ng ko hn ch trong khi chi game m khng cn lo
lng v s gin on. Trong thit k ca phn hiu khin NGN-IMS nh ngha
11

chc nng h tr qun l ti nguyn, cc phin linlc do NGN-IMS thit lp s c

m bo v QoS (bng thng, tr, ...) nh vy c khnng phc v tt cho cc game
i hi cht lng truyn ti cao trong tng lai.
1.3. Lch s ngnh cng nghip game
Gn lin vi s ra i ca my tnh in t, nghnh cng nghip Game c ng bt
u hnh thnh.
Cui nhng nm 1970, ngnh cng nghip tr chi my tnh c nhn bt u hnh
thnh t mt nn vn ha s thch, khi my tnh c nhn ch bt u tr nn ph bin rng
ri. Ngnh cng nghip tng trng cng vi s tin b ca cng ngh in ton.
Ngnh cng nghip game bt u vo nm 1971 vi vic pht hnh ca
arcade game, Computer Space.
u nhng nm 1980 chng kin thi k vng son ca tr chi arcade video
t n nh cao ca n. Cc doanh thu tng ca cc arcade game hnh my Bc M
tng ng k trong thi gian ny, t 50 triu USD vo nm 1978 ln 900 triu USD
vo nm 1981. Trong 1982, cc ngnh cng nghip tr chi t nh cao ca n, to ra
8 t USD, tng ng hn 18,5 t USD vo nm 2011, vt qua cc doanh thu hng
nm tng ca c nhc pop ($ 4000000000) v phim Hollywood ($ 3000000000) ti
thi im .
Ngnh cng nghip game to ra doanh s bn hng trn ton th gii l 19,8 t
USD vo nm 1993 (tng ng $ 31 t trong nm 2011), 20,8 t USD vo nm
1994 (tng ng $ 32 t trong nm 2011), v c tnh 30 t USD vo nm 1998
(tng ng $ 41,5 t vo nm 2011). Ch tnh ring Hoa K, vo nm 1994, nghnh
ny to ra 7 t USD trong qu (tng ng $ 11 t trong nm 2011) vt qua doanh
thu c to ra bi phim Hoa K vo thi im .
1.4. Game Flash
L mt nhnh ca nghnh cng nghip Game, s d c tn gi nh vy v
nhng game ny c vit bng ngn ng ActionScript trn cc chng trnh Flash
ca Macro Media (trc khi c mua li bi hng Adobe), v by gi l chng trnh
Adobe Flash Professional vi cc phin bn khc nhau ca Adobe.
u im ni bt ca Game vit trn Flash chnh l dung lng thp m vn p
ng c hu ht nhng yu cu nh c vit trn cc ngn ng C hoc cc ngn
ng khc.
12

Chnh nh u im dung lng thp, yu cu cu hnh p ng cho Game

khng cao, yu cu ng truyn Internet dng trung bnh (i vi cc Game Flash
chi online) nn Game Flash thch hp nhng vo cc Website, to ra mt tro lu
mi trong mt vi nm gn y l Web Game.
Ni dung, ct truyn ca Game Flash thng ngn v n gin nn ngi chi
thng khng phi u t qu nhiu thi gian vo Game, Game mang tnh gii tr cao,
cch chi n gin nn thng c gii vn phng yu thch chn lm cng c gim
cng thng sau thi gian lm vic ti cng s.
Nhng khng phi v game n gin m li khng gy hp dn hp dn vi
ngi chi, hp dn v li nhun i vi nh pht hnh game.
Chnh v khon li nhun khng h nh m Game Flash em li, v nhng hp
dn m game em li cho ngi chi m gi y Game Flash len li t nhng c
my PC t tin i mi ti nhng c my chc nm tui, ti nhng thit b c nhn
nh NoteBook, in thoi di ng
Game Flash gi c mt v tr quan trng trong nghnh cng nghip Game
ni chung v trong lnh vc Flash ni ring.
Ti Vit Nam c nhng cng ty, tp on dnh hn ra mt b phn ring
chuyn pht trin v Game Flash nh VinaGame, VTC
1.5. Quy trnh to Game
to ra c mt sn phm game, ta phi tri qua cc bc:
Bc 1: Giai on ln tng
Bc 2: c t cho lp trnh
Bc 3: Thc hin code, thit k ha v son nhc, hiu ng m thanh
Bc 4: Test v sa li
Tr chi lun bt ngun t mt

tng. tng c th n t bt c u. Cho

d n l mt thit lp nh, mt nhn vt hoc mt cu trc ca tr chi, th

tng

ny u l dng c bn ca thit k tr chi. Bc tip theo l tr li cho cu hi lm

th no hin thc n? N s thc thi nh th no?
Nhiu ngi lm tng rng

tng ct truyn l mt thit k ca game. Xy

dng ct truyn ch l mt phn rt nh cng vic ca nh thit k game. B phn thit

k game suy ngh v mi kha cnh ca game nh: ct truyn, gc quay, h thng iu
khin, v kh hoc vt, nhn vt, tc duy chuyn, cu trc nhim v c nhn,
13

giao din, h thng menu,... gn nh mi th ca game. Mi chi tit ca game phi

c vit ra v nu bn ang lm vic vi nh pht hnh, h s mun thng qua n
trc. iu ny gip cho bn thit k game tr nn chi tit nht v c cp nht lin
tc sut qu trnh lm d n.
Bn thit k game s ng vai tr l mt bn tham kho cho tt c thnh vin
trong nhm. Nu h mun bit iu g s xy ra khi bn bm nt khai ha ha tin, h
s c th nhn vo n v thy c nhng c t chi tit v n. Khi sn phm trn
ng pht trin, nhng vai tr thit k c th s ph thuc vo th loi ca game.
B phn lp trnh c trch nhim ci t theo bn thit k. Mt vi cng ty s
pht trin engine game ca ring h. S cn li s mua bn quyn ca nhng engine
game c sn nh Unreal hoc Source. Mua bn quyn mt engine tn chi ph cao
nhng li tit kim lng thi gian ln v cho php c i ng ca h truy xut vo
ngun d liu c sn v tp hp nhng cng c hu ch dng to ra tr chi. Cc
cng ty khc nhau c thc t lm vic khc nhau nhng thng thng cng vic ca
nhng ngi lp trnh vin l xem qua mt chc nng trong bn thit k, hi nh thit
k nhng cu hi lin quan v sau ln k hoch ci t chc nng ny. Bt k
nhng iu g lch hng, hiu sai s c chnh sa, gii thch li trong sut qu
trnh hp mt v khi k hoch c thng qua lp trnh vin s bt u lm vic vi
n. H ci t m i chc nng trong bn thit k v chng sau c kim nh v
tinh chnh li nu cn. Lp trnh vin thng chuyn bit vo mt lnh vc nhng iu
ph thuc hon ton vo qui m ca cng ty v loi d n m h lm.
B phn ha chu trch nhim cho phong cch hnh nh ca game. C rt
nhiu vai tr bn trong ca b phn ha v tt c u bt u vi ha s phc tho.
Nhng phc tho c th n gin c v s b hoc y chi tit mu sc. H thit
lp phong cch hnh nh ca game v em li cho nhng thnh vin cn li ca i
ng ha cm hng to ra nhng nhn vt v mi trng.
Ha s ph trch v nhn vt phc tho hnh 2D v s dng n to ra m
hnh 3D. Ha s ph trch v mi trng v th cng tng texture v m hnh
mang li s sng cho m i mn chi. Ha s ph trch mng hiu ng hnh nh to ra
nhng hnh nh th hin v n, thi tit,.. Ha s ph trch mng hot hnh to ra
nhng nhn vt hot ha ring l. Sau s kt hp vi m ngun ca lp trnh vin
n hot ng.
14

M i qui trnh n gin trong game u i hi s cng tc gia cc bn. V d,

thm ch mt vi th n gin nh to mt nhn vt i b thi c ng phi c s tham
gia ca c 3 b phn. Ha s s to ra mt chu i hnh lp th hin hnh ng i b ca
nhn vt v lp trnh vin s m bo nhn vt duy chuyn ng khong cch, tc
v kch hot hnh ng i khi bn nhn nt W. Nhng thng s c t s c quyt
nh bi mt nh thit k (designer)
B phn cui cng nhng tay vo qui trnh pht trin tr chi l nhng nh
kim nh (testers). Bt u vic kim nh tr chi ca bn sm nht c th l mt
vic tt nhng thc t, qu trnh ny thng din ra giai on cui. Nhng nh kim
nh h chi th, c gng tm v bo co l i vo c s d liu. Nhng ngi cn li
ca i ng pht trin s sa nhng l i h c giao cho n khi game khng cn l i
nghim trng, lc tr chi sn sng pht hnh. Quyt nh n nh ngy pht
hnh thng l ca nh qun l kinh nghim hoc nh pht hnh. i vi game cho h
my console, s c thm mt bc kim nh phi vt qua na, l kim nh yu cu
k thut (technical requirement checklist). V d: nu bn pht hnh tr chi trn PS3,
bn s gi tr chi ca bn ti Sony, h s kim nh v gi li yu cu thay i hoc
may mn bn vt qua c qu trnh tr chi ca bn s c pht hnh.
1.6. Gii php ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong dy hc
Ch th 29/2001/CT-BGD&T ca B trng B Gio dc v o to nu
r: i vi gio dc v o to, cng ngh thng tin c tc ng mnh m, lm thay
i phng php, phng thc dy v hc. Cng ngh thng tin l phng tin tin
ti mt x hi hc tp.
Cng ngh thng tin m ra trin vng to ln trong vic i mi cc phng
php v hnh thc dy hc. Nhng phng php dy hc theo cch tip cn kin to,
phng php dy hc theo d n, dy hc pht hin v gii quyt vn cng c nhiu
iu kin ng dng rng ri. Cc hnh thc dy hc nh dy theo lp, dy theo
nhm, dy c nhn c ng c nhng i mi trong mi trng cng ngh thng tin.
1.7. Tr chi hc tp l g ?
Chi tr chi c ng nh lao ng, hc tp, tr chi l mt loi hnh hot ng
sng ca con ngi. Tr chi l mt hot ng khng th thiu c ca con ngi
mi la tui.

15

Tr chi c cha ng nhng ch , ni dung nht nh, c nhng quy ch

nht nh m ngi chi phi tun th. Tr chi va mang tnh cht vui chi. gii tr
song ng thi li c

ngha gio dng v gio dc ln lao.

c bit i vi tr em chi c ngha l hc, l khm ph th gii mun mu

xung quanh, l khi dy trong mnh nhng cm gic v c m, l c gng thc
hin nhng c m . ng nh nhn nh ca nh gio dc hng u th gii
Arngoroki: "Tr chi l con ng tr em nhn thc th gii, l ni chng ang
sng v l ci chng nhn thy cn phi thay i".
Tr chi hc tp l tr chi co ni dung gn vi ni dung bi hc v phc v
cho mc ch hc tp, gip hc sinh khai thc vn kinh nghim bn thn. Tr chi hc
tp, gip rn luyn tr tu ln phm cht o c cho hc sinh.
"Tr chi hc tp" (Play -based learning) l phng php gio dc truyn ti
mt thng ip hay mt ni dung c th n ngi tham gia thng qua hnh thc tr
chi, lm cho ngi tham gia t khm ra ni dung bi hc mt cch ch ng, thch
th v ghi nh c kin thc mt cch t nhin v su sc nht.
Vai tr ca tr chi hc tp :
- Thay i hnh thc hot ng, to khng kh lp hc d chu thoi mi.
- Gip hc sinh tip thu kin thc t gic v tch cc hn.
- L cho hc sinh thy vui hn, nhanh nhn v ci m hn, tinh thn d chu hn.
- Gip hc sinh cng c v h thng ha kin thc, ng thi pht trin vn
kinh nghim m cc em tch l y c thng qua hot ng.
- Rn luyn cc k nng, k xo.
- Thc y hot ng tri tu.
- Rn luyn v nng cao t cht nhanh nhn, gip hc sinh pht trin c c
sng to.

16

Tc dng ca tr chi hc tp

Phng php ging dy tch cc "Tr chi hc tp"

Hin ti, i mi gio dc l mt vn khng cn xa l. N c khi
ng rt nhiu nm trc y, t cp mm non n cp i hc v sau i hc. Mc
tiu ca nhng ci cch l nhm lm cho cht lng gio dc o to ngy cng
nng cao, p ng nhu cu, i hi ngy cng cao ca x hi t t c hiu qu
kinh t. Phong cch ging gii, thy c tr chp trong thi gian di trc khng
cn ph hp vi nhiu ngnh hc, mn hc khc nhau. S bng n ca internet, ko
theo s chia s thng tin mnh m t cng ng mng khin nhng kin thc m
ngi thy nm gi khng cn l c tn. Thc t i hi cc thy gio, c gio cn
phi khng ngng tm ti, tch l y kinh nghim, sng to ra nhng

tng hay, t

c th to ra mt gi ging sinh ng, n tng v chuyn ti kin thc n sinh

vin mt cch hiu qu nht. Tr chi hc tp l s la chn ca rt nhiu thy c
trc p lc thay i phng php dy hc thu ht hc sinh v t mc tiu bi
ging. N l chic cu ni c lc, hu hiu v t nhin gia gio vin v sinh vin.
Thng qua tr chi,

ngha ca ni dung bi hc c truyn ti n ngi nghe mt

cch nh nhng nhng y su sc d hiu. Nhn thc c iu , ti chn ti

17

Phng php ging dy tch cc- tr chi hc tp bo co trc hi ng khoa

hc ngy hm nay.

Thp hc tp (Learning Pyramid) th hin t l phn trm kh nng tip thu kin
thc tng ng vi cc hot ng hc tp ca sinh vin (theo National Training
Laboratories, Bethel,

Maine, http://lowery.tamu.edu/teaming/morgan1/sld023.htm).

Thng thng con ngi ch nh: 10% nhng g h C, 20% nhng g h NGHE,
30% nhng g h THY, 50% nhng g h NGHE V THY, 80% nhng g h NI,
90% nhng g h NI V LM, tc l khi h T KHM PH. V vy, nu ngi
thy to c cm xc, s ham thch th ng c v thay i ca ngi hc s c
kch thch v thc y. Tr chi khng nhng gip sinh vin gn g i, ci m v to s
ch

ca sinh vin i vi ni dung bi ging, m cn khuyn khch sinh vin tip thu

bi mt cch t nhin, khng gng p v kh cng. T , n thc y ngi hc

hnh ng, p dng bi hc vo thc tin.\ 1 S qua v nghnh cng nghip Game

18

CHNG 2
PHNG PHP GING DY CH CI TING VIT
2.1. Phng php ging dy tch cc.
Mt trong nhng cch tip cn nng cao cht lng v chun ha chng
trnh o to ngnh k thut v cng ngh l chng trnh CDIO (Conceive
Design Implement Operate). Trong , vic p dng v trin khai phng php
tip cn CDIO trong chng trnh k thut v cng ngh ti trng i hc i hi
phi c s thay i v tng tc lin tc, ng b trong 3 yu t: cc chun u ra d
nh (Intended learning outcomes), cc hot ng dy v hc (Teaching and learning
activities), nh gi (Assessment) (Edward v cng s, 2007).

Hnh 2.1: Mi quan h nht qun gia chun u ra, ging dy v hc tp, v nh
gi
Phng php ging dy ch ng l g?
Phng php ging dy ch ng (Active Teaching) l mt thut ng rt gn,
c dng nhiu nc ch nhng phng php gio dc, dy hc theo hng
pht huy tnh tch cc, ch ng, sng to ca ngi hc. "Ch ng" trong phng
php ging dy ch ng c dng vi ngha l hot ng, tch cc, tri ngha vi b
ng, th ng. Phng php ging dy ch ng hng ti vic hot ng ha, ch
ng ha hot ng nhn thc ca ngi hc, ngha l tp trung vo pht huy tnh ch
ng ca ngi hc ch khng phi l tp trung vo pht huy tnh ch ng ca ngi
dy, tuy nhin dy hc theo phng php ch ng th ging vin phi n lc nhiu
so vi dy theo phng php th ng.
19

2.2. Ch ci ting vit trong chng trnh hc mm non.

Theo quy nh ca b gio dc chng trnh hc ca tr mm non 5 tui c hot
ng cho tr mu lm quen vi c, vit.Tr s c lm quen vi ch ci trong cc
hot ng vui chi. Tr bit gi tn, t v tp vit cc ch ci. Lm quen cch c cc
t, cu n gin nh hng dn tr c tn tr, gi tn mt s vt c ghi trn
nhng dng c nhn, bng ch ghi tn vt thng dng (nh bt ch, giy, gc
sch), nhn bit v vit tn ca bn thn.
B gio dc v o to Vit Nam ban hnh chng trnh gio dc mm non
t nm 2009 (km thng t s 17/2009/TT-BGDT).Theo chng trnh ny, bc
mm non (5-6 tui), ngoi gio dc th cht, gio dc pht trin tnh cm v k nng
x hi, gio dc pht trin thm m, cn c gio dc nhn thc (bao gm c khm ph
khoa hc, khm ph x hi v ton) v gio dc ngn ng (bao gm c lm quen vi
c, vit).V mc tiu ca chng trnh gio dc mm non cho tr 5-6 tui rng nh
vy, phn lin quan n c v vit ch l nhn dng cc ch ci, sao chp mt s k
hiu, ch ci, tn ca mnh, lm quen vi cch c sch (ch cha phi tht s bit
c), tp t, tp cc nt ch (ch cha phi l vit ch).
2.3. Ch ci ting vit trong chng trnh ting Vit 1.
Ni dung trong sch ting vit lp 1 m nc ta ang p dng ging dy trn
c nc c cc ni dung:
- Lm quen vi ch ci, sau khi hc cc ch e,b v cc du thanh, hc cch
ghp chng thnh nhng khi vn t ln hn,hc sinh kh nng th hin c
cc ting be, b, b, b, b, b bngch vit, chnh l iu kin sau ny cc em
lm quen vi t.
- H thng ch c a vo bi hc theo c im ch vit v theonguyn tc
i t ch c cu to n gin ti ch c cu to phc tp dn.V d: ch k c gii
thiu sau ch h, ch kh c gii thiu sau ch k Nhng khc bit th hin trn ch
vit u c ly lm cn c xydng bi hc. V d, dy vn ung v vn ng trong
cng mt bi, vn ungdy trc vn ngTuy nhin, vic dy ch li khng th tch
ri khi mt m thanh m n thhin. Bng chng l vi m i n v ch, sch u gii
thiu km theo mt ting thc lm ting kho cho n. Qua vic nhn din ting, hc
sinh hiuc m m ch th th hin, ng thi c ng hc c cch c cc mhay
20

cc ting . V d, ch (v m) s c hc qua ting s; hc sinh nhndin ting s v

hiu c cch vit ch s cng vi cch pht m m.
Trong sch lp 1, phn th nht (6 bi u) c ni dung lm quen vi ch ci e,
b, cc du thanh; phn th 2 gm 25 bi tip theo dnh cho cc ch ci v m (cu trc
m tit c vn l 1 nguyn m);
Nhm bi Lm quen vi ch ci bao gm 6 bi:
Bi 1: Gii thiu ch e; Bi 2: Ch b; Bi 3: Du sc; Bi 4: Du hi, du nng;
Bi 5: Du huyn, du ng; Bi 6: n cc ch ci v du thanh hc. Ni dung ch
yu ca nhm bi ny l gii thiu ch ci e, b v cc du thanh, nguyn tc ghp cc
ch ci ghi m to thnh ting c cu to n gin nht, mi lin quan gia ting v
ch th hin ting.
Trong nhm bi Lm quen, ch e c dy trc ch b, iu ny nhm m
bo nguyn tc bt u t ting (c ngha) trong phn mn Hc vn: ngay t bi u
tin, hc sinh lm quen vi mt ting c cu to ti thiu. Cc du thanh c gii
thiu trong nhiu bi hc sinh khng b ri trong vic nhn din du thanh, c bit
l nhng du thanh c hnh dng gn g i nhau. V dng ny, cc du sc v huyn,
hi v ng c b tr dy cc bi xa nhau.
Nhm bi m - vn mi c cc bi hc m, ch ghi m v cc bi hc vn, ch
ghi vn. Bi hc m, ch ghi m gii thiu nguyn m, ph m, ch ghi nguyn m,
ph m v cu trc ting c vn l mt nguyn m, c phn b t bi 7 - bi 28.
Mc ch ca nhm bi hc m, ch ghi m l gii thiu y cc ch ci
c dng trong ting Vit (ring cc ch , , p,do c im ring ca chng, s
c gii thiu mun hn cc ch cikhc), ng thi gii thiu kiu ting c cu to
m. Vi nhng ch ci c trang b, v mt l thuyt, hc sinh c th t hon thin
k nng c vit ting Vit thng qua vic t hc.
Cc ch ci trong phn m v ch ghi m c sp xp theo trnh t sau:
- Cc ch ci c nt tht cc ch ci c nt mc cc ch ci c nt cong
- Cc ch ci n cc tp hp ch ci (ghi mt m v)
- Cc ch ci khng c du ph cc ch ci c du ph
- Cc ch c t nt cc ch c nhiu nt
- Cc ch ghi m c thc trong nhiu ting cc ch ghi m c thc trong t ting

21

- Cc ch ghi m c trong cc ting xut hin vi tn s cao cc ch ghi m

c trong cc ting xut hin vi tn s thp trong li ni.
- Cc ch ghi m c trong nhiu ting quen thuc vi tr em cc ch ghi m
c trong t ting quen thuc vi tr em
Cc bi n tp nhm cng c cch c ting / t ng / bi c ng dng, cch
vit ch, rn k nng nghe ni v cc ch lin quan n nhm vn cn n.
2.4. Nguyn tc trong dy ch ci ting Vit trong lp 1.
Vic dy hc ch ci ting Vit cn theo cc nguyn tc ch yu sauy:
2.4.1. Nguyn tc giao tip:
Vic la chn v sp xp ni dung dy hc phi ly giao tip lm ch.Chng hn, cc
bi c sp xp theo trt t t d n kh, t n gin nphc tp. V d, cc bi
trong 31 bi u u l bi lm quen vi ch ci,du thanh v bi dy vn c mt m.
s dng giao tip nh mt phng php dy hc ch o Tiu hc. Quntrit tinh
thn ny, trong chng trnh Hc vn, t bi u tin n bi cuicng, cc bi hc
u c bin son theo hng tch cc ho hot ngca ngi hc.
2.4.2. Nguyn tc pht trin t :
Phi ch rn luyn cc thao tc t duy v bi dng cc nng lc,phm cht t duy
cho hc sinh nh so snh, i chiu, phn tch, tnghp Cc thao tc so snh tm
im tng ng, khc bit gia cc ch,lm cho nng lc v phm cht t duy ca
hc sinh.
2.4.3. Nguyn tc tnh n c im ca ngi hc.
Cn nm vng nhng c im tm l, la tui ca tr (t 5 -6 tui). giai on ny,
kh nng tp trung ch ca cc em cha cao, t duyc th l ch yu, kh nng tng
hp, khi qut cha cao. V th, trong gicn thay i linh hot hnh thc hot ng tr
tu. Bi dy phi qun trit tinh thn t trc quan sinhng n t duy tru tng
nhm pht huy tnh tch cc cho tr.Cn lu

n tnh va sc trong dy hc.

2.4.4. Nguyn tc trc quan

Trong dy hc cho tr em,nguyn tc ny gi vai tr c bit quan trng. Bi v, do s
chi phi cac im tm, sinh l, hc sinh lp 1 c c im nhn thc v c
imngn ng thin v trc quan, c th. Cc kin thc tru tng s tr nn dhiu
vi cc em hn khi c din t mt cch trc quan bng m hnh,bng tranh v p

22

v nhiu mu sc, Thao tc thc hnh ca hc sinhc ng tr nn thnh tho hn nu

cc em c quan st cc mu, c sdng nhng dng hc tp ph hp.
Vn dngcc nguyn tc dy hc ch cho tr em vo xy dng phn mm dy ch ci
ting Vit.
2.5. Phng php dy hc Tp vit
Phn mn Tp vit Tiu hc cung cp cho hc sinh cc kin thc vch vit
v k thut vit ch, nh: cc nt ch, h thng ch ci vitthng, vit hoa, h thng
ch s, cao, rng ca nt ch, im tbt, im dng bt, k thut vit lin
mch, v tr du ph, du thanh
Phn mn Tp vit c ng trang b cho hc sinh h thng k nng vit ch,nh:
vit nt, lin kt nt thnh ch ci, ch s, lin kt ch ci thnh chghi m, ghi vn
hoc ghi ting mt cch lin mch. mc cao nht,phn mn Tp vit rn k nng
vit ch cho hc sinh qua bi vit ng dngl cc cu th, cu vn, hoc tc ng, ca
dao. Yu cu k nng dn dnc nng cao t vit ng ti vit ng, p, v mc
cao nht l knng vit ng, p, nhanh.
Mun hot ng dy hc Tp vit t c kt qu tt, cn phi ch ticc
iu kin vt cht chun b cho vic dy hc Tp vit, cc phng phpdy hc cn
c s dng trong gi tp vit v quy trnh ln lp hp ltrong mt gi tp vit.
2.5.1. Cc nt ch c bn
- Nt cong:
+ Nt cong kn:
+ Nt cong h cong tri: cong phi:
- Nt thng:
+ Nt thng ng |
+ Nt thng ngang __
+ Nt thng xin / \
- Nt mc:
+ Nt mc xui
+ Nt mc ngc
+ Nt mc hai u
+ Nt mc hai u c tht gia
- Nt tht
23

- Nt khuyt
+ Nt khuyt trn (nt khuyt xui)
+ Nt khuyt di di (nt khuyt ngc)
2.5.2. Cc nt b sung: nt ht , nt mc nh , nt chm , nt gy ^, ntcong nh
Cc ch ci ting Vit nm trong h thng ch ci Latinh, c to thnhbi cc nt
ch c bn c th kt hp vi mt hoc mt s nt b sung.
V d: Ch ci k c to thnh bi nt khuyt xui, kt hp vi nt mchai u c
tht gia; ch ci i c to thnh bi nt mc xui kt hpvi nt ht v nt chm.
Cc nt ch c bn trn y xut hin in hnh trong h thng ch ci vitthng.
Trong h thng ch ci vit hoa, cc nt ny c th c nhng biniu cho ph hp vi
yu cu m thut ca cc ch vit hoa.
2.5.3. Cu to v cch vit h thng ch ci ting Vit
Cu to v cch vit cc ch ci thng ting Vit (sp xp theos ng dng
v cu to ch)
- Ch ci c
+ Cu to: Ch ci c l mt nt cong tri, chiu cao ch l mt n v (2
vung), chiu rng 1,5 vung.
+ Cch vit: im t bt v tr s 1 (xem hnh v), vit nt cong v bntri c
im xa nht nm trn ng k ngang 2 v qung gia 2 ng k
dc 1 v 2, ln xung pha di v bn phi xung n ng k 1 ria bt
ln n im dng ng k dc 3 v trung im ca hai ngk ngang 1 v 2.
- Ch ci o
+ Cu to: ch ci o l mt nt cong kn, t l ch ging nh ch ci c.
+ Cch vit: im t bt v tr s 1 (xem hnh v), ko bt sang bn
trixung di chm n ng k ngang 1, a bt ln pha trn vng bnphi n
trng kht vi im t bt (v tr 1). Ch rng nht ca ch Onm trn ng ngang 2
t trung im ca ng k dc 1 v 2 n ngk dc 3 (1,5 vung).
- Ch ci
+ Cu to: Gm mt nt cong kn nh ch o c thm du m

+ Cch vit: Sau khi vit xong ch o, t im dng bt trn u ch o liabt

trn khng ri vit mt nt gp khc t tri qua phi. Hai chn du m khng chm u
ch ci o. nh ca du m nm trung im hai ngngang 3 v 4.
24

+ Ch ci
+ Cu to: Gm mt nt cong kn nh ch o c thm du m

+ Cch vit: Sau khi vit xong ch o, t im dng bt trn u pha phi ch o
lia bt trn khng ri vit nt cong nh chm vo im dng bt cach o.
- Ch ci e
+ Cu to: cao 1 n v (2 vung), chiu ngang t im t bt nim
dng bt gn bng 1 n v. Ch e gm hai nt lin nhau: nt congphi ni vi nt
cong tri (sch TV1 dng cho gio vin quan nim v cuto c hi khc: ch e l mt
nt tht).
+ Cch vit: T im t bt cao hn ng k ngang 1 vit cho sangphi,
hng ln trn, ln cong ti ng k ngang 3. Sau vit nt congtri nh vit ch c.
im dng bt trung im ca hai ng ngang 1 v2 v chm v ng k dc 3.
- Ch ci
+ Cu to: Ging nh ch ci e c thm du m
+ Cch vit: Vit ch ci e sau vit du m

25

^
^ nh cch vit ch .

CHNG 3
NGN NG ACTIONSCRIPT
3.1 Khi qut ngn ng ActionScript v phn mm Adobe Flash 5.5
3.1.1 Phn mm Adobe Flash Professional phin bn 5.5
- 3/12/2006: Hng Adobe mua li Macromedia nn Macromedia Flash i
thnh AdobeFlash.
- 16/4/2007: Flash 9 hay Adobe Flash CS3 release, support AS3 v lin kt cht ch
vi PhotoShop, AI,... nn nhng ng dng vi Flash tr nn n gin hn bao gi ht.
- 15/4/2011: Flash CS 5.5 ra i.
3.1.2 Ngn ng ActionScript
Script l g?
AS l ngn ng lp trnh, vi cc lnh sai khin Flash movie lm vic theo ng
nhng g mnh vit. Phn nhiu th AS ch lm vic trong mi trng ca Flash, tuy
nhin AS c ng c th gi lnh cho browser, h iu hnh v.v.
Script c th ngn gn vi ch hay c ng c th di c trm trang. Script c th
c vit gp li mt ch hay c ng c th vit ri rc khp ni trong movie.
Xut x ca AS
AS rt ging ngn ng C++, Java, javascript .v.v v c da trn tiu chun
do ECMA (European Computer Manufactuers Association) lp ra gi l ECMAScript.
Nhiu ngi hiu lm rng AS da trn Javascript, nhng thc cht c 2 u da trn
ECMAScript.
Lc u vit script trong Flash rt n gin v cho ti Flash 4 mi uc pht
trin nhng c ng vn cn "th s" vi nhng vng lp v cc iu kin "if...else".
Cho ti Flash 5 th dn Flash mi c th lp trnh v gn lin script vi cc yu t
trong movie. . Sang ti Flash MX th AS tr thnh ngn ng lp trnh ton din vi
hn 300 cu lnh, hm .v.v
Nhn bit AS
AS n gin l nhng cu lnh c vit bng ting Anh, cc php tnh v du cu.
V d sau:
on (press)
{
gotoAndPlay ("my frame");
}
26

Gii ngha on m trn bng cch tm hiu cc t chnh trong . Ch "press"

gi

rng ngi dng ang kch chut vo mt ci g , (v trong trng hp ny l

ci nt) Ch k tip "gotoAndPlay" do 4 ch "go to and play" gp li, gi

rng AS

ra lnh cho Flash timt im no trong movie v bt u chi t im .

AS c th lm nhng g?
Flash movie gm c cc scence (cnh), v mi cnh s c 1 timeline v timeline
s c cc frame (khung) bt u t s 1. Thng thng th Flash s chi t frame 1 cho
ti frame cui ca scence vi tc c nh v dng li hay lp li t u tuy theo
ngi lm Flash.
Mc ch chnh ca AS l thay i th t trong cch chi ca Flash. AS c th
dng bt frame no, hay chy ngc tr li frame trc hay nhy vi frame ri chi
tip. Nhng khng ch l nhng g AS c th lm c. AS c th bin film hot
hnh ca Flash thnh mt chng trnh ng dng c s tng tc ca ngi dng.
Di y l nhng c bn m AS c th lm:
Hot hnh: C th khng cn AS lm hot hnh, nhng vi AS th ta c th
to nhng hot hnh phc tp hn. V d, tri banh c th bay xung quanh mn hnh
m khng bao gi ngng, v tun theo cc nh lut vt l nh lc ht, lc ma st, lc
phn v.v Nu khng c AS th bn cn phi dng c hng ngn frame lm, cn
vi AS th ch 1 frame c ng
Navigation: thay v movie ch chi tng frame 1 theo th t th bn c th
dng movie bt c frame no, v cho php ngi dng c th chi bt c frame
no .v.v
Thu nhp thng tin t ngi dng (user input): bn c th dng AS hi
ngi dng 1 cu hi, ri dng thng tn trong movie hay c th gi cho server hay
lm nhng g bn mun.
Thu nhp thng tn t cc ngun khc: AS c th tng tc vi server v ly
cc thng tin t server hay text file
Tnh ton: AS c th lm bt c php tnh no m ton hc cho php
Thay i hnh nh trong movie: AS c th thay i kch thc, mu sc, v tr
ca bt c movie clip (MC) no trong movie flash ca bn. Bn c th to thm phin
bn hay xo bi phin bn ca MC vi AS

27

 Phn tch mi trng ca my tnh: Vi AS bn c th ly gi t h iu hnh

hay a ch ang chi movie Flash .
iu khin m thanh trong flash movie: AS l cch tt nht iu khin m
thanh trong Flash, AS c chi chm, chi nhanh, ngng, quay vng .v.v bt k m
thanh no trong Flash.
Pht trin cc kh nng ca AS
iu quan trng nht m AS c th lm cho bn l nhng g cha ai ngh ti .
Vi AS v tr tng tng v c sng to ca bn th khng c g l khng th xy ra
vi AS c.
T vic hiu bit v Flash t ta c th t dng n lm ra nhng sn
phm tuyt vi m khng ai c.
Vit AS u?
Cu hi u tin nhng ai tm hiu AS thng hi l "Vit AS vo u?". Flash
c mt mi trng lm multimedia kh phc tp. Nu dng Flash ri hay c
qua cc hng dn i km vi Flash, th ta bit cc yu t c bn nh timeline, key
frame v.v..
Vit AS time line
AS c th vit vo key frame bt c timeline no. lm nh vy, ta chn
key frame trong timeline trc ri bn m Action Panel ra (c th nhn F9) vit
hay xem AS c vit .
Khi vit AS vo key frame nh vy th AS key frame s hot ng khi m
Flash chy ti key frame . V d nh lnh AS stop(); c t key frame 5 th
Flash chy ti key frame 5 s dng li cho ti khi c lnh khc. cch vit ny gi l
vit vo time line.
Mt trong nhng l do vit script vo time line l khi bn mun dng function
(hm), v function cho php chng ta ti s dng on m t nhiu ni, nhiu level khc.
Vit AS nt
Cc phn t ca Flash movie c gi l symbol (biu tng). thng th
symbol l cc hnh nh. V c 3 loi symbol: button (nt), graphic (hnh nh), movie
clips (on phim). 3 loi trn th AS khng th vit lin vi graphic, cn button v
movie clip th c th.

28

Nt s khng c tc dng g nu nh khng km AS ln trn n. Mun km AS

vo nt th chn nt trn stage ri sau m Action panel v vit vo nh ta vit
vo key frame.
AS vit trn nt ch hot ng khi chut hoc bn phm tc ng ln nt m thi.
Vit AS Movie Clip (MC)
MC khc vi graphic ch : MC c t tn khi mang vo stage, MC thng
l hnh nh ng, v c th c AS km theo MC. vit AS vo MC th c ng tng t
nh ta lm vi nt.
AS km theo MC c th iu khin MC hay l cc MC trong cng mt
timeline hay cc timeline ngoi movie.
3.2 Lp trnh vi ngn ng ActionScipt 2.0
ActionScript l mt ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng c dng pht
trin cc ng dng chay tren Adobe Flash Player, Flash Plugin, Flash Lite, Shockwave
v Adobe AIR. Ngn ng lp trnh ActionScript c th c bin dch bi:
-Adobe Flex Builder.
-Adobe Flash Professional.
-Command Line nh vo b SDK.
C ng tng t nh Java, sau khi c bin dch, cc ActionScript s c
chuyn thnh dng bytecode m ch c my o ActionScript (AVM) mi hiu c.
My o ActionScript ny c tch hp bn trong Flash Player, Flash Plugin, Flash
Lite, Shockwave v Adobe AIR.
Ngn ng lp trnh ActionScript (AS) l ngn ng c c php rt ging Java.
Nu bn tng lm quen vi ngn ng lp trnh Java, th khi lm quen vi ngn ng
lp trnh ActionScript s cm thy n gin hn rt nhiu. Cc ton t, cc cu lnh
tng t nh Java. Dng nh Adobe thit k nn ngn ng ActionScript theo
chun ca Java to nn s n gin v quen thuc vi a s ngi dng. Bn c ng
cn lu

rng, chng ta ang tho lun v phin bn 3.0 ca AS. y l phin bn

mi nht cho n thi im ny. AS l ngn ng hng i tng nh Java, Delphi,

hay C++. Tuy nhin, n mang nhiu c trng ca mt ngn ng kch bn nh
Javascript. AS l ngn ng phn bit ch hoa v ch thng.

29

ActionScript l ngn ng iu khin ca Flash. Bn c th dng n iu

khin cc i tng trong Flash, to nn s tng tc gia ngi dng vi on movie
ca bn.
Ta vit ActionScript trong ca s Actions:

m ca s Actions, ta c cc cch sau :

- Menu > Window > Actions

- Chut phi -> Actions

30

-Nhn phm chc nng F9

Ta c th gn Action ln mt s i tng sau:
- Vit hnh ng cho i tng: MovieClip, Button
- Vit Action trn mt KeyFrame.
gn Action trc tin bn hy m ca s Actions nh ni trn, k ti
chn i tng bn cn gn Actions hoc chn Key Frame ni bn cn gn Actions.
Tuy c th gn Action ti 3 ni nhng khi gn cho i tng no th bn phi
ch

ti cc s kin m i tng h tr "kch hot" on Action lm vic.

i vi Button:
on(press)
{
on Code trong ny s thc hin khi nhp chut vo button ny;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------on(release)
{
on Code trong ny s thc hin khi bn nhp chut vo button ny v nh

chut ra;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------on(rollOver)
{
on Code trong ny s thc hin khi bn di chuyn chut qua button ny;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------on(keyPress"tn nt trn bn phm")
{
on Code trong ny s thc hn khi bn nhn nt tng ng trn bn phm;
}
i vi Movie Clip:
onClipEvent(s kin)
{
on Code trong ny s thc hin khi s kin tng ng xy ra;
}
31

S kin:
load: S c thc hin mt ln u tin khi ta mi load file.
enterFrame: on Code s thc hin mi mi nh l mt vng lp v tn (m i
khi sang 1 frame mi).....
y l hai s kin m ta hay dng nht, ngoi ra cn mt s s kin
khc cc bn hy t tham kho thm nha
i vi Frame:
Khi bn gn Action ln mt Frame th bn khng cn mt s kin no c, on
Code s c thc hin khi on Movie chy ti Key Frame .
3.2.1. Cc kiu d liu
a. Kiu s nguyn
C hai dng s nguyn c h tr trong AS l kiu s nguyn c du int v s
nguyn khng du uint. C hai loi s nguyn ny iu chim 4byte, ngha l vng
gi tr ca int l -231 n 231-1 v gi tr ca uint l 0...232-1. Bn lu

rng,

trong cc kiu d liu, th ch c kiu s nguyn c ch ci u tin vit thng (int

ch khng phi l Int).
b. Kiu s thc
S thc du chm ng theo chun IEEE-754. S thc trong AS chim 32 bit.
T kha khai bo l Number. Bn lu

Number vit hoa ch ci u tin.

c. Kiu Boolean
Kiu Boolean trong AS c hai gi tr l true v false. Lu

Boolean vit hoa

ch ci u tin, true v false vit thng mi ch ci.

d. Kiu xu String
Xu k t c nh du t 0. Phn t cui cng trong xu c ch s l
xu.lengh- 1. Kiu xu c khai bo nh t kha String. Cn lu

rng String vit

hoa ch ci u tin.
e. Kiu mng Array
Vic nh du trong Array hon ton tng t String. Kiu Array c ng vit hoa
ch ci u tin.
f. Kiu i tng Object
Tng t kiu Struct ca C, ng thi c ng ging kiu enum trong Java. Nhng
mm do hn rt nhiu.
32

3.2.2 Bin v Hng

a. Bin:
C gi tr thay i c. Khi khai bo mt bin ta khai bo theo c php sau:
var tn_bin [= gi_tr_khi_to];
b. Hng:
C gi tr khng thay i. Trong AS, khai bo hng ta thay t kha var trong
khai bo bin bng t kha const. Bn lu

rng khi khai bo hng bn cn phi b

sung gi tr cho n. Ngha l c php khai bo hng phi tun theo quy tc sau
const tn_hng = gi_tr_khi_to;
3.2.3. Ton t v Biu thc
Ton t l cc php ton c s dng trong AS. Cc gi tr c s dng cho
ton t gi l ton hng. Biu thc l tp hp cc ton t v ton hng c sp xp
theo mt trt t c

ngha.

a. Ton t gn
Ton t gn dng gn gi tr cho mt bin. V d a = 5;
Cu lnh gn s thc hin gn gi tr bn phi cho bin bn tri. Ta c ng c
th gn gi tr ca hai bin cho nhau. V d a = b;
Ton t thc hin php ton s hc
Ngn ng lp trnh AS h tr cc ton t s hc sau y
+ Php cng
- Php tr
* Php nhn
/ Php chia (chia nguyn i vi s nguyn)
% Chia ly d (ch vi s nguyn)
Lu

rng, php chia c th thc hin trn s nguyn hoc s thc. Nu thc

hin php chia trn hai s nguyn th y chnh l kt qu ca php chia ly phn
nguyn. Cn nu n thc hin trn hai s thc, th n l kt qu ca php chia bnh
thng. Trong cc ngn ng h nh C, theo mc nh, hai s nguyn (hoc thc) thc
hin php ton tng ng th n s tr v kt qu nguyn (hoc thc). Nu php ton
thc hin trn mt s nguyn v mt s thc, n s t ng chuyn i v kiu cao
hn (thnh s thc).

33

Tuy nhin, AS c c ch chuyn i kh mm do. Nu ta thc hin php chia

3 cho 2, th ta s nhn c kt qu mong mun ty thuc vo kiu d liu quy nh
tr v. C ngha l nu ta gn gi tri tr v cho mt bin nguyn, th ta nhn c gi
tri l 1; ngc li, nu gn gi tr cho mt bin thc th ta nhn c gi tr l 1.5
b. Ton t Logic
Ton t
Ton t ph nh !

Php ton
Php ton mt
ngi !a

Php ton hai ngi

Ton t v &&
a&&b

Ton t hoc
||

Php ton hai

ngi
a||b

a
true
false
true
true
false
false
true
true
false
false

b
true
false
true
false
true
false
true
false

Kt qu
false
true
true
false
false
false
true
true
true
false

Ton t gn hp nht
Khi mun thay i gi tr ca mt bin, chng ta c th s dng cch vit thng
thng, tuy nhin AS c ng h tr cc ton t vit tt.
Ton t

V d

ngha

Phm vi

+=

a+=b

a=a+b

Php ton s hc

-=

a-=b

a=a-b

Php ton s hc

*=

a*=b

a=a*b

Php ton s hc

/=

a/=b

a=a/b

Php ton s hc

%=

a%=b

a=a%b

Php ton s hc

&=

a&=b

a=a&b

Php ton bit

1=

a|=b

a=a|b

Php ton bit

>> =

a>>=b

a=a>>b

Php ton bit

<< =

a<<=b

a=a<<b

Php ton bit

c. Ton t tng v gim

Mt cch vit thu gn hn na, l s dng ton t tng v gim. Nu trong
biu thc a+=b, vi b = 1 th ta c th vit thnh a++.
Tng t, nu a-=b, b = 1 th ta c th vit a--.
Cn lu

rng, ton t ny c mt im c bit. N c th nm trc hoc

nm sau ton hng. C ngha l c th vit a++ hoc ++a (tng ng a-- hoc --a).
34

Php ton
ngha
a++;
Thc hin php ton trc, sau mi thc hin ton t
++a;
Thc hin ton t trc, sau mi thc hin php ton
a--;
Tng t a++;
--a;
Tng t ++a;
d. Ton t so snh
thc hin vic so snh gi tr ca hai bin, biu thc; ta c th s dng ton
t so snh. Gi tr ca php ton so snh tr v kiu bool.
<, >, <=, >=, ==, !=
e. Kiu d liu mng Array
Mng l mt kiu d liu nguyn thy. Mng bao gm cc phn t c cng kiu
d liu va cng tn gi, c sp xp lin tip trn b nh my tnh.
Khai bo mng. Trong AS, c nhiu cch khai bo mng. Sau y l hai cch
khai bo thng dng nht:
Cch 1.
var mang:Array = new Array(kch thc);

Cch 2.
var mang:Array = new Array(cc phn
t);

3.2.4 Cc cu trc lnh iu khin

a. Cu lnh if
C php
if (biu_th c_iu_kin_ng)
{
Thc hin lnh 1;
}
else if
{
//biu thc iu kin sai Thc hin lnh 2;
}
Gii thch: Kim tra iu kin ca biu thc iu kin, nu n nhn gi tr ng
th thc hin phn lnh tng ng vi if (lnh 1); ngcc lai, s thc hin phn lnh
tng ng vi else (lnh 2).
b. Cu lnh switch
C php
35

switch (biu_ thc)

{
case gi_tr_1:Lnh 1; break;
case gi_tr_(n-1):Lnh n-1;break;
default:
Lnh n;
}
Gii thch: Kim tra gi tri ca biu thc, nu n nhn gi tr 1 th lnh 1 s
c thc thi..., nu n nhn gi tr n-1 th lnh n-1 s c thc thi. Trong trng hp
biu thc khng nhn gi tr 1 cho n gi tr n-1 th n s thc hin lnh n. Sau mi
cu lnh trong cc trng hp case, cn c cu lnh break thot khi cu lnh ce.
Nu khng c Break, cc trng hp tip theo c ng s c thc hin.
c. Cc cu lnh lp for, while v do...while
Ngn ng AS cung cp cho chng ta ba dng vng lp for: for, for...in v for
each...in.
Cu lnh lp for
C php
for(var i:int = bt_khi_to; bt_gii_hn; bt_tng)
{
Lnh;
}
Gii thch: Lnh s c thc hin vi s ln chnh l s ln lp ca i. S ln
lp ca i s l (bt_gii_hn - bt_khi_to)/bt_tng + 1.
Cu lnh lp for...in
Khi ch s ca mng tng lin tc hoc khng theo mt quy tc no , th cch
s dng vng lp for trn khng cn hiu qu. khc phc nhcc im ny, AS
b sung vng lp for...in. Bn cnh , i vi trng hp Object, th phn dnh ch s
c th khng n thun l s m c th l kiu d liu bt k. Khi ta buc phi s
dng vng lp for..in ny (hoc for..each..in trong mc tip theo)
C php
for(var index in Array/Object)
{
36

Lnh;
}
Gii thch: Trong vng lp for...in nay, ch s index se c vt trong tp ch s
ca Array hoc Object. Tng ng vi ch so ny, ta c th thu c gi tr ca cp
phn t tng ng.
Cu lnh lp foreach...in
Tng t nh cu lnh for...in, cu lnh for each..in c ng c th s dng cho
mng c ch s khng lin tc hoc Object. Tuy nhin, for each..in truy cp n cc
phn t trc tip m khng cn thng qua ch s.
C php:
for each(var item in Array/Object)
{
Lnh;
}
Cu lnh lp while
Nu biu thc iu kin ng th lp li qu trnh thc thi lnh. Ngh l cu
lnh while lun kim tra biu thc iu kin trc khi thc hin lnh. Nu biu thc
iu kin sai ngay t u th lnh s khng c thc hin.
C php:
whie(biu_thc_iu_kin)
{
Lnh;
}
Cu lnh lp do...while
Khc vi cu lnh while, khi s dng lnh do..while th lnh s thc hin trc,
sau kim tra biu thc iu kin, nu biu thc iu kin cn ng th
lnh s tip tc c thc hin. Khc vi lnh while, i vi lnh do...while th
lnh bn trong n c thc hin t nht mt ln.
C php
do
{
Lnh;
37

}
whie(biu_thc_iu_kin);
3.2.5 Hm
AS l ngn ng kch bn nn vn h tr vic khai bo ngoi lp. Hm l mt
nhm cc cu lnh c xc nh bng mt tn gi v ta gi l tn hm. Vic s
dng hm s gip gim ti s lng lnh nu cc lnh cn c vit li nhiu ln.
Nu ta quy nh cc lnh ny c mt tn gi th ta ch cn gi li tn hm ny khi
mun thc thi nhm cu lnh . Ngoi ta hm cn c c ch truyn tham s, giiups
cho chng trnh tr nn gn gng hn. Ta c th hiu hm trong AS ging nh cc
hm ton hc.
a. Khai bo v s dng
C php
function tn_hm(ds_tham_s):kiu_d_iu_tr_v
{
thn hm;
}
Cc tham s trong hm c phn tch bi du phy.
Khi gi hm ta gi theo tn ca n v truyn tham s vo cho hm. Nu hm
khng c tham s th ta trng nhng bt buc phi c ngoc n ( ).
Cc bc xy dng hm. xy dng mt hm trong AS hay trong bt k ngn
ng lp trnh no, ta cn thc hin cc bc sau y:
Bc 1. Xc nh Tn hm. Tn hm do ngi lp trnh quy nh n c th c
tn bt k nhng bt buc phi tun theo quy tc nh danh: khng c bt u bng
s, khng c cha k t c bit v k t trng, khng c trng vi t kha.
Bc 2. Xc nh cc tham s ca hm.
Bc 3. Xc nh kiu d liu m hm tr v.
Bc 4. Vit ni dung ca hm.
Nu l mt ngi mi lm quen vi lp trnh th chc chn s g nhiu tr ngi
khi cy dng hm. Khi d, hy tun th cc bc trn nh hng cho vic xy
dng hm.
b. Vn tham bin v tham tr

38

Tham s trong hm c truyn theo 2 hnh thc: tham bin v tham tr. Nu
tham s c truyn theo tham tr th gi tr ca tham s s khng thay i khi thot
khi hm. Ngc li, nu tham s c truyn thwo kiu tham bin th gi tr ca
n s b thay i sau khi thot khi hm. Trong AS cc tham s c truyn theo tham
tr nu chng thuc kiu d liu nguyn thy. Nu mun truyn tham s theo tham
bin, bn cn s dng mt kiu d liu tham chiu nh kiu i tng Object.
c. Hm vi tham s mc nh
Khi xy dng ham, i lc ta mun gn gi tr mc nh cho cc tham s nu
cc tham s l ty chn (c ngha l cso th hoc khng khi gi hm) th ta s dng
khai bo hm vi tham s mc nh.
d. Con tr void
C ng tng t C++, actionscript c ng h tr con tr void. Con tr void co th
dng gn cho mt i tng cha xc inh kiu d liu. Trong nhiu tnh hung
thc t, ta mun xy dng cc hm nhng cha bit chnh xc kiu gi tr cu hm hay
ca cc tham s l g hay ta mun xy dng mt hm tng qut cso th p dng cho
nhiu kiu d liu khc nhau, khi ta c th s dng hm con tr void. Con tr void
c nhiu ng dng trong thc t v n l mt cch thcs mm do chuyn i kiu
d liu cho cc i tng khi cn thit. Trong AS, con tr void ch n thun khai bo
vi ton t *
e. Kiu d liu hm
Bn c th khi gn mt bin cho mt hm c khai bo. Vic ny s gip bn
to ra hai hm c chc nng ging nhau
V du:
V d

Kt qu

var Cong = function Add(a:int, b:int):int{

return a+b;
}

trace(Cong(1,2));

Actionscript con cho php bn c th vit tt. Bn c th va khai bo hm v

trace(Add(1,2));
kt hp gi hm. Bn ch nn s dng loi c php ny khi bn kh thnh tho, bi
n c th gy ra nhm ln hoc kh hiu.

39

V d

Kt qu

trace(( function Add(a:int, b:int):int{

return a+b;

})(1,2));
Lu

rng, hm c khai bo c bc trong ton t ngoc n ( ). Khi bc

trong ton t ngoc n n c th c s dng nh mt li gi hm.

3.2.6 Lp v i tng
Ngy ny, k thut lp trnh hng i tng c ng dng rng ri trong
cng ngh pht trin phn mm. So vi cc k thut trc , k thut lp trnh hng
i tng c nhiu u ddiemr vt tri. Ht nhn ca k thut lp trnh hng i
tng l lp v i tng. Lp l khi nim c a vo trong k thut lp trnh
hng i tng nhm m t i tng. Mt i tng tng ng vi mt thc th
trong th gi thc. Mt i tng gm cc thuc tnh v phng thc thc thi hnh
ng. Cc thuc tnh v phng thc ny c m t trong lp. Trong ActionScript,
lp c xy dng da theo c php :
public class Tn_class
{
//Khai bo thuc tnh ca lp
//Phng thc khi to
//Phng thc getter v setter
//Cc phng thc khc
}
Trong , class l t kha bt buc khai bo lp. Mt lp i tng bao gm
cc phng thc v thuc tnh ca n. Cc thuc tnh bao gm cc tnh cht m t i
tng. Cc phng thc gip i tng thc thi hnh ng ca mnh. Khi khi to
mt i tng, thng thng ta s xy dng mt hm to hoc s dng phng thc
setter khi gn gi tr khi to cho cc thuc tnh cu i tng. Phng thc getter
gip ta nhn c cc gi tr t cc thuc tnh ca i tng.

40

V d sau y m t vic xy dng mt lp c tn l SinhVin :

V d
public class SinhVien{
private var ten:String;
private var tuoi:uint;
public function SinhVien(ten:String, tuoi:uint){
this.ten = ten;
this.tuoi = tuoi;
}
public function toString():String{ return Ti l: +ten+, +tuoi+ tui.;
}
Trong v d ny, bn lu

rng cc phng thc v thuc tnh c khai bo

bng mt trong cc t kha sau: public, protected v private. Vi t kha private th

thuc tnh v phng thc ch cho php truy cp bi cc phng thc ni ti ca lp
. Ngc li, vi t kha protected th phm vi truy xut l tt c cc lp trong cng
mt package. Vi public th phm vi truy xut l tt c cc lp d l trong hay ngoi
package. Cc t kha ny gi l t kho ch mc truy cp cho phng thc v thuc
tnh ca i tng.
Vi class c cc t kha ch inh sau:
- dynamic: cc thuc tnh ny c b sung vo trong th hin lp tai thi
im runtime.
- internal: c th c nhn thy trong cng mt package.
- final: khng cho php tha k.
- public: c th c nhn thy bt k u.
Hm to
Trc khi s dng mt i tng, ta cn to n. khi to mt i tng, lp
ca i tng oa cn c hm khi to. Trong ActionScript, tn ca hm phi trng
vi tn ca lp.
Actionscript khng h tr chng cht hm. iu cso ngha l ta ch c th
khai bo duy nht mt hm to. Trong trng hp khng khai bo hm to no th n
s s dng hm to mc nh. Trong nhiu tnh hung thc t, i lc ta c th cn n
41

nhiu dng hm to, khi ta c th s dng dng rest tham s hoc phng thc vi
tham s mc nh nh trn.
Tnh tha k
AS l ngn ng n tha k, ngha l mt lp ch c th tha k t mt lp c
s. khai bo tnh tha k, AS cung cp cho ta t kha extends.
V d sau y s minh ha cho tnh tha k. Lp Human c hai thuc tnh l tn
v tui. Lp SinhVien k tha t lp Human ny, n b sung thm thuc tnh ids.
Phng thc toString trong lp SinhVien ghi chng ln phng thc toString ca lp
c s Human nh t kha override.
Giao din interface
D tnh n tha k phn nh ng vi thc t ca m i thc th, tuy nhin tnh
a tha k mang li cho ta sc mnh trong lp trnh hng i tng. Do vy, c ng
nh a s ngn ng lp trnh n tha k khc, AS c ng b sung khi nim giao din interface. Tuy nhin, theo nh ngha ca giao din trong cc ngn ng lp trnh hng
i tng khc, n l mt lp abstract hon ton (abstract hon ton), cn trong AS
dng nh ta cn thay i khi nim ny. S d nh vy, v trong AS khng h tr lp
abstract. Ta c th hiu giao din trong AS nh sau: giao din l mt lp ch cha khai
bo phng thc, khng cha thuc tnh. Mt lp ch tha k mt lp c s, nhng n
c th thc thi nhiu giao din.
V d sau y s minh ha vic to hai giao din l Animal v Meo. Lp
MeoDen s thc thi hai giao din ny.
Lp s kin Event
Lp Event nm trong gi flash.event l lp qun l cc s kin ca cc i
tng. N c s dng lng nghe s kin ca cc i tng thng qua phng
thc addEventListener. Nu s kin c lng nghe bi i tng stage th cc hnh
ng s c din tin theo stage.
C php:
i_tng.addEventListener(Event.S_kin_lng_nghe,fl_func,
useCapture=false, priority=0, useWeakReference=false);
function fl_fun(e:Event):void {
}
Trong
42

a) Ham fl_func l hm thc thi khi s kin c pht sinh.

b) Tham s useCapture c kh nng nhn mt trong hai gi tr l true/false. Gi
tr ngm nh l false. Nu nhn gi r l true th thc thi theo m hnh 1 (capture
phase), ngc li nhn gi tr false th thc thi theo m hnh 2 (bubbling phase).
c) Tham s priority nhn gi tr l s nguyn. Mc nh n nhn gi tr l 0. N l
th t x l s kin. Nu i tng c priority ln hn th n s c x l trc. Nu cc
i tng c cng priority th chng s x l theo th t m chng b sng vo.
d) Tham s useWeakReference nhn mt trong hai gi tr true/false. Nu true
th n s dng ch tham chiu yu (tc l n khng cn bn vng khi thc thi ch
dn rc garbage collection); ngc li, nu false th n s dng ch tham chiu
mnh. Mc nh, n s dng gi tr false.
S kin chut
Khi lm vic vi s kin chut trong AS, ta cn ci t tn hin th cho i
tng. minh ha cho vic x l s kin chut trong AS, ta s minh ha s kin ny
trn i tng stage (khung trnh chiu). V du sau y s in ra dng ch Hello khi
nhp chut tri ln stage.
import

flash.events.MouseEvent;stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK,

func); function func(e:MouseEvent) :void

{
trace(Hello);
}
Cch x l s kin chut hon ton ging nh x l s kin mc trn.
Lm vic vi Timer
Timer l mt lp i tng dng qun l cc s vic din tin theo thi gian.
Timer c t chc trong pakage flash.untills. Timer c nhiu nt tng ng vwois
s kin lng nghe ENTER_FRAME. Ta c th dng n to chuyn ng cho i
tng. Tuy nhin Timer c u im hn ENTER_FRAME im n c th c iu
khin (bt u, dng, qun l theo vic ngt).
Trong ActionScript, to mt i tng th hin cu lp Timer ta s dng
hm sau:
var myTimer:Timer = new Timer(deay:Number, repeatCount:int = 0);
Trong :
43

- Tham s delay: tr cp nht ca Timer (sau bao nhiu mili giy th n s

cp nht li hnh ng).
- Tham s repeatCount: hnh ng s lp li bao nhiu ln. Theo mc nh l 0
- tc lp v hn.
a mt hnh ng cn thc thi vo Timer, ta cn thc hin theo hai bc sau:
-Bc 1. B sung b lng nghe s kin cho Timer.
myTimer.addEventListener(TimerEvent.TIMER, update);
function update(e:TimerEvent):void
{
}
S kin lng nghe ca Timer trong trng hp ny l TIMER. Hnh ng s
cp nht tng ng vi hm update.
-Bc 2: Triu gi phng thc start ca i tng myTimer:
myTimer.start()
Khi cn chm dt hnh ng ca Timer, ta triu gi phng thc stop:
myTimer.stop().

44

CHNG 4: XY DNG CHNG TRNH DY CH CI TING VIT

4.1. Thit k kch bn chng trnh.
Game c xy dng trn nguyn tc gip tr va hc va chi. Thng qua tr
chi hc ch ci trong bng ch ci Ting Vit hiu qu hn.
Ct truyn xoay quanh nhn vt chnh l Kh con.Nhn vt ny hn nhin, ham hc
hi, khm ph. Mt ngy, Kh con c m giao cho mt tm bn i tm kho bu b mt.
Kh con vui v ho hng nhn ly v bt u ln ng i tm kho bu b n kia.
Trong bn b mt s c cc vng chn gip cho ph huynh c th la chn
cc nhm ch cho tr nh hc. M i nhm ch s l mt phn nh ca chng trnh, b
s c cng kh con hc bn ch ci thng qua cuc tr chuyn ca Kh con vi cc
nhn vt m kh con gp trn ng i tm kho bu. Sau khi hc xong mt nhm ch
s c mc game n tp cho cc b v cc ch ci c hc.
Sau khi hc c nhng ch c bn, chng trnh s yu cu ngi chi
iu khin nhn vt chnh l Kh con vt qua nhng th thch c t ra nhng
cu hi m cc nhn vt cu gp c yu cu cu gii p. Vt qua c yu cu
ca game th b s qua ca v vo ca sau hc nhm ch tip theo.
Tm tt kch bn.
- Ban u gm c 1 nhn vt l kh con. M ca Kh Con c a cho ch 1
bn i tm kho bu. Trn ng i, khi gp nhng ngi bn v cng i khm ph
bn .
- Bn kho bu l 1 mnh bn gm c 7 khu vc. S c 7 nt bm tng
ng vi 7 khu vc, khi r chut n nt bm s c mt tultip hin ra thng tin ca
nhm ch . Khi ngi chi nhn vo mt nt trn bn th s chuyn sang cnh
hc ch tng ng vi nhm ch .
Cnh 1: Xut hin hnh nh m u + li gii thiu
o Li gii thiu: Cho cc b, cc b c thch c phiu lu i tm kho bu
khng? Hy cng bn Kh Con ln ng n nhng vng t xa xi tm kim
nhng iu hay v mi l nh!
o Li gii thiu xong s cho chn nhn vt hoc l to nhn vt vo chi.
Cnh 2: Hnh nh 2 m con kh ni chuyn vi nhau:
o M: Kh Con , hm nay m s cho con mt mn qu!
o Kh Con: A! Mn qu g vy m?
45

o M: y l mt bn i tm kho bu! Con hy dng tr thng minh ca

mnh khm ph n nh! Con s c s gip ca cc b na!
o Kh Con: Vng! Tha m. Con s ln ng ngay !!!
Cnh 3: Hin ln bn , xut hin nhn vt ch ong - l ngi hng dn
gc mn hnh.
o Li hng dn ca ch Ong: Cc b ! Trn bn l 7 khu vc, m i mt
khu vc s c nhng iu b n ring.
- Xong li gii thiu. Chn vo tng khu vc xong l s vo tng bi hc.
4.2. Kch bn c th cho tng nhm ch.
4.2.1 Kch bn cho nhm ch e, , b, v.
Cnh 1: Gp ve con
- Cho ve! Cu ang lm g vy? T ang ht nha cy! Cn cu i u vy ?
- Kh Con: T ang trn ng i tm mnh ghp kho bu. Cu c bit ng
ln nh ni kia khng?
- Ve: T bit! Nhng cu phi tr li c cu hi ca t!!
- Kh Con: cu hi g vy?
- Ve: T cu tn t c nhng ch g?
- Kh Con: t ... t khng bit!!!
- Ve: Cu cha c hc ?
- Kh Con: T cha!!!
- Ve: ... tn ca t c ch v v ch e.
- Kh Con: Ch e vit nh th no?
- Ve: Ch e vit nh th ny ny.
o y l ch e hoa. Cn y l ch e thng
Hin ra ch e vit trn mn hnh.
- Kh Con: ! Hay qu! Vy l t hc c ch e ri.
- Kh Con: Trong tn cu cn ch V, vy ch V vit nh th no h ve?
- Ve: Ngn ni cu mun n chnh l nh ca t. Cu hy ln ngn ni v gp
m t, m t s ch cho cu ch V vit nh th no!
- Kh Con: Vy h! Cm n cu. T s ln ng
Cnh 2: Gp b
-Ve: Cho b.
46

- B: cho Kh Con. Cu ang i u vy?

- Kh Con: t ang trn ng ti ngn ni kia.
- B: Cu ln ngn ni pha trc lm g?
- Kh Con: T ln ni gp m ca Ve con. M ca ve con s ch cho t ch v.
- B: , vy l cu i hc ch ci h?
- Kh Con: ! Nhng mc ch chnh ca t l i tm kho bu c.
- B: Tm kho bu ? Cu cho t i cng vi!
- Kh con: Nhng trc ht cu phi cho t bit tn ca cu vit nh th no.
- B: Tn ca t c ch B v ch .
- Khi con: ch B vit nh th no?
- B: Ch B vit nh th ny ny.(tng t ch e s c ch e thng v hoa).
- Kh con: Hay qu! Vy l t bit c ch B na ri.
- B: Ngoi ra tn mnh cn c ch na nh.
- KC: Ch vit nh th no?
- B: y l ch .(tng t ch e thng v hoa)
- KC: , vy ch trng ging ch e nhng c m bn trn phi khng b?
- B: , ng ri.
- No! Gi chng ta ln ng thi.
Cnh 3 : Gp cy cu gy
- Tip tc i c 1 on th gp cy cu.
- Kh con: Cu b gy ri! Lm sao i c by gi???
- Xut hin 1 ch ong.
- Kh con: Cho ong!
- Ong: Cho cc cu! Cc cu mun qua cu phi khng?
- Kh Con: ! Nhng cu b gy ri.
- Ong: Khng sao! Nu cu tr li c cu hi ca t, t s gip cc cu qua cu.
- Kh Con: A! Tt qu!
Cnh 4 : Gp ve m.
-Kh Con: Chu cho c Ve.
-Ve m: Cho chu, Kh Con. Chu i u vy?
-Kh Con: chu va gp ve con di ni. Ve con bo chu ln gp c hc
ch V. -Vy ch V vit nh no vy c?
47

-Ve m: , ch V vit nh th ny ny. (tng t)

-Kh con: , vy l chu hc c ch E, ch B, ch V v c bit ghp ch E
vi ch B thnh ting BE na. Ting BE th ch B ng trc cn ch E ng sau.
-B: Kh Con ! Chng phi cu ln ni tm mnh ghp kho bu sao?
-Kh Con: nh ! Sut na th t qun .
-Ve m: Cc chu i tm mnh ghp kho bu ???
-Kh con v B ng thanh: Vng !!!
-Ve m: Vy cc chu hy gip t gii p cu hi ny! Ta s ch cho cc chu
mnh ghp u!!
-Kh con: Cu hi l g vy ?
-Ve m: Cc chu hy nhn xem?
Xut hin mn hnh cu hi l tr chi ging nh p u zombie
Yu cu p trng nhng ch hc (e, v, b)
Tr chi s random xut hin cc ch ci v yu cu p trng mi ch ci
l 10 ch. Nu p sai 1 ch th random tr i 1 (s lng ch ci p).
4.2.2 Kch bn cho nhm ch i, h, o, c.
Cho cc b! Hm nay chng ta s li tip tc cng kh con ln ng i tm
kho bu nh!!!
(Khung cnh l mt khu vc c cc khu vc con l nhng ci hang.)
Kh con: Khu vc ny lm hang ng qu!
Mnh ghp kho bu u vy?
Ong: Mi ca hang s c mt iu b mt!
Kh con hy nhp chut vo tng ca hang khm ph nh!

Khi tm hiu c iu b mt bn trong hang, kh con s c c mt vin ngc.

Khi c ngc, Kh Con s c c mnh ghp kho bu.
Khu vc hang 1
Gp con chut t:
G: Cho kh con. kh con ch ny l ch g? (Trn bn c ch i)
Kh Con: T bit ri, y l ch L.
G: Vy ch L vit nh th no?
Kh con: Ch L vit nh th ny ng khng?
G: Kh con gii lm.
48

Vy gi Kh Con hy tr li cu hi ca t nh! T s c mt vin ngc cho

Kh Con.
Khu vc hang 2
Gp con chn
Co: Cho kh con
Kh Con: A cho Co. Ch ny l ch g vy co?
Co: Ch ny l ch h.
Kh Con: Cch vit ch H nh th no?
Co: Ch H vit ntn ny.
Kh Con: Hay qu!
Co: No gi th hay tr li cu hi ca t i.
Game:
Khu vc hang 3:
Kh Con: Chu cho bc.
Mo: Cho Kh Con.
Kh Con: A! Ch ny l ch O phi khng bc?
Mo: ng ri.
Kh Con: Vy cch vit ch O nh th no?
C: Ch O vit nh th ny.
Kh Con: Hay qu! Chu cm n bc
C: No! By gi hay tr li cu hi ca bc y.
Game
Khu vc hang 4
Gp con s t
Th: Cho Kh Con. Cu i tm mnh ghp kho bu phi khng?
Kh Con: hm! Cu c bit mnh ghp kho bu u khng?
Th: T bit! nhng trc tin cu phi tr li cu hi ca t .
Ch ny l ch g? (trn bn hin ln ch C)
Kh Con: Ch ny l ch C phi khng?
Th: ng ri! Vy ch C ny vit nh th no?
Kh Con: T khng bit
S T: Ch C vit nh th ny.
49

By gi th tr li cu hi khc nh!
Game
4.2.3 Kch bn cho nhm ch t, u, , x.
Cc b ! Vy l cc b c ng tm c mt s mnh ghp kho bu ri ng khng?
Hm nay chng ta s tip tc cng bn kh con i tm nhng mnh ghp kho
bu cn li nh!!!
Ong: Kh Con ! Kh Con c nhn thy ngi nh kia khng? c mt mnh
ghp kho bu ! Kh con c mun ly n khng no?
Kh con: C ch!!! Hay qu!
Ong: Vy th kh con hy kch vo tng ch ci trn bin kia hc tng ch
ci nh. Sau khi hc xong, kh con c th gii cu b n ly c mnh ghp
trong ngi nh ri.
Mi khi click vo s chuyn sang mt khung cnh hc ch. Mi ln click vo
v chy ht on hng dn hc ch s c + thm 1 im
4 im (tc l hc ht 4 ch) th s chuyn tip cnh
Ong: kh con gii qu! Vy l kh con hc c 4 ch ci , , I , A ri
ng khng?
Vy gi hy kch chut vo ngi nh pha trc gii cu b n no!!!
Game
Ong: Kh con gii qu! Vy l kh con c thm mt mnh ghp kho bu na ri
4.2.4 Kch bn cho nhm ch n, m, d, .
(ch ong).ang trn ng i kh con bng nhin gp em nai, nai s hng dn
v ch ng cho kh con d dng trong vic tm kho bu hn! kh con v nai nh
nhnh ci a ni chuyn vui v!
- Nai: *ku go* Oi oi, sao em li t tui hn c anh kh vy??
- Kh con: *ci *v vy anh mi l anh, v em l em ca anh ch !
- Nai: x! Em t tui hn anh thi, ch cha chc thua anh v hiu bit u nh!
- Kh con: Vy anh em mnh so ti nh!
- Nai: Vng! *v trn tay hnh ch N* anh bit y l ch g???
- Kh con: ch ny !!! Nhn l lm?? Em gi

cho anh i??? *ci tr v cm

thy ms bt u m thua km em Nai *

- Nai: l ch N trong t Nai anh !!! em bo m, anh ch dc ci to xc thi!!
50

- Kh con: Xi!! khng sao, tinh thn hc hi ca anh ln cao, khng bit th
anh s tip thu! By gi em dy anh cch vit ch N i.
- Nai: y ch N vit nh th ny ny.
- Kh: By gi anh hc thm c ch N ca em ri !
- Kh: by gi anh em bit cy kia l cy g. * ch tay v cy me*
- Nai: em bit cy y l cy me.
- Kh: th cy me gm nhng ch g.
- Nai: cy me gm c ch M v ch E. Gp li thnh ch ME.
- Kh: anh mi ch hc c ch e thi ch ch m th anh cha bit. Em c
th dy anh thm ch M c khng.
- Nai: ci vui. c ri em s dy anh thm ch m. Ch m c ng gn ging
nh ch n n thm 1 mc sau na.
- Kh: em ch anh cch vit vi.
- Nai: ch m vit nh th ny ny.
- Kh: nh! Ch m c ng ging vi ch n nhng ch thm 1 mc sau na.
- Kh: anh cm n em dy cho anh cch vit ch n ch m nh th no.
- Nai: khng c g. Chuyn nh y m. Thi em ch dy anh c 2 ch y
thi. Anh i tip hng ny tm kho bu nh!! *ch ch tay v hng *
- Kh: cm n em rt nhiu.
- Nai: vng! Em cho anh.
Ch ong: Vy l kh con li tip tc cuc hnh trnh i tm kho bu ca mnh!
Va i kh con va nhm nhm li nhng ch ci va hc c t nai con: n, m. Kh
con ang i th gp Bc d.
- Kh: A bc d! Chu cho bc !
- Bc d: cho chu!! Chu i u m li lang thang y th ny? Khng phi
chu ang tham gia cuc thi tm kho bu y ch??
- Kh con: D vng ! Chu ang tham gia cuc thi tm kho bu! Sao bc bit
hay vy !
- Bc d: bc on vy m! gip nhng ngi tham gia cuc thi tm kho bu
c d dng hn, bc y i nhng ngi i qua gi cho h 1 tr gip nho nh
chu !
- Kh con: Vy ngha l chu nhn c 1 s tr gip ng khng !!
51

- Bc d: uh! ng vy chu yu ! Nhng chu phi tr li c 1 cu hi ca

bc th mi nhn c s tr gip nh!
- Kh con: Bc i, cu hi l g vy bc!
- Bc d: chu cho bc bit tn bc gm nhng ch ci no.
- Kh con: bc i. Chu cha hc c nhiu ln chu ko th tr li c cu
hi ca bc .
- Bc d: c ri th chu hc c nhng g ri.
- Kh: chu hc c cc ch: e b v l h o c i a n m.
- Bc d: vy l chu cha c hc ch D vy by gi ta s dy chu ch D.
- Kh: d vng ! Bc ch chu cch vit ch D vi .
- Bc d: c ri. Ta s ch cho chu cch vit. Ch D vit nh th ny ny.
- Kh: hay qu vy chu li bit thm c ch D ri.
- Bc d: ch D ghp vi ch s ra tn ca bc.
- Kh con: vy l chu bit tn ca bc vit nh th no ri.
- Bc d: sau y ta s dy cho chu bit thm 1 ch na c ng gn ging vi ch D.
- Kh con: ch g vy Bc.
- Bc d: chu c nhn thy cy pha trc mt kia khng
- Kh con: chu thy ri .
- Bc d: ukm. y l cy u . Tn ca n c bt u bng ch c ng rt
ging vi ch D nhng c thm mt ci gch ngang gia. N c vit nh th ny.
- Kh con: tuyt qu vy l bc ch cho chu c 2 ch ci ri.
- Bc d: sau y ta s ch cho chu ng i n kho bu nhanh nht. Chu c
i tin v pha trc y chu s gp 1 ch th ch s ch dn cho chu i tip
- ong: ci u tm bit bc d. V tip tc i chinh phc th thch tip theo....
4.2.5 Kch bn cho nhm ch n, m, d, .
Cuc hnh trnh i tm kho bu tip theo ca kh con. Pha trc mt kh con l
1 con sui, kh con mun qua c con sui phi c s ch dn ca ch th. *va i
va lm bm khng bit ch th ang u thi bng nhin thy ch th sut hin*
-Kh: chu cho ch th
-Th: um cho cho.
-Th: cho chu.
-Kh: ch c th ch cho chu lm cch no qua bn kia sui c khng .
52

-Th: chu cn sang bn kia sui lm g?

-Kh: d! Chu ang trn ng i tm kho bu . Chu phi vt ht qua cnh
rng ny tin v ngn ni pha trc , nhng mc ch chnh ca chu l i hc ch c .
-Th: hc ch! Th chu hc c nhng g ri.
-Kh: chu chu mi hc c c my ch ci thi .
-Th: th chu c bit tn ca ch gm c nhng ch j ko.
-Kh: d khng .
-Th: tn ca ch gm c ch T, H vi ch O.
-Kh: a chu bit ch H vi ch O chu hc c ch ny ri .
-Th: vy chc chu cha c hc ch T. Gi ta s dy cho chu ch T, sau
khi chu hc c ch T ri th ta s ch ng cho chu lm cch no qua c
con sui ny.
-Kh: d vng . Chu cm n ch, vy ch T vit nh th no ch
-Th: y ch T vit nh th ny ny.
-Kh: hay qu vy l chu bit thm c mt ch na ri. By gi bc ch
cho chu bit lm cch no qua c con sui ny i .
-Th: by gi chu c tin tip theo b sui ny v pha trc 1 on na
c 1 cy cu bc qua con sui ny.
-Kh: chu cm n ch rt nhiu. Chu cho ch gi chu phi ln ng lun y .
Ong: Sau khi qua c con sui di s ch dn cha ch th kh con li lang
thang trong rng tm ng i n nh ni pha trc, ni cha kho bu m kh con
cn ly c. Pha trc ang c 1 ch hu con ang kim n, kh con lin tin li
gn v hi.
-Kh: cho bn!
-Hu: . Cho bn.
-Kh: pha trc l 3 con ng bn c th ch cho ti bit cn ng no gn
nht i n c ngn ni pha trc khng.
-Hu: bn n ngn ni pha trc lm g vy.
-Kh: t ang trn ng i n ngn ni pha trc tm kho bu. Nhng
quan trng hn l t i hc ch bn .
-Hu: hc ch! Vy bn hc c nhng g ri.
-Kh: t mi bt u i t cnh rng pha bn sang. T cha hc c nhiu.
53

-Hu: Vy trong tn ca t bn hc c nhng ch g ri.

-Kh: t c ng khng bit na.
-Hu: trong tn ca t c ch H, , ,U
-Kh: trong tn ca bn t hc c 2 ch l ch H vi ch ri.
-Hu: vy by gi t s dy bn ch U v ch . Hai ch ny c ng gn ging
nhau ln t s dy bn lun. Sau khi bn hc c ch U vi ch th t s ch cho
bn bit con ng no dn n ngn ni pha trc nhanh nht.
-Khi: vy th hay qu. T cm n bn. Vy ch U vit nh th no.
-Hu: ch U vit nh th ny ny.
-Kh: hay qu! vy l t hc thm c mt ch na ri. Bn ch cho t
bit ch vit nh th no i.
-Hu: ch c ng ging vi ch U nhng c thm mc u. Ch vit nh
th ny ny
-Kh: hay qu th l t bit thm c 2 ch na ri. By gi bn ch ng
cho t i.
-Hu: um! By gi bn i theo nhnh th 3 ny n s dn bn n ngn ni
pha trc nhanh nht. Tin v pha trc bn s gp ch xn tc. Bn hi ch y, ch
s ch cho bn bit ng n ngn ni kia.
- Khi: t cm n bn nhiu. T ln ng ngay y. Cho bn.
- Hu: ukm! cho bn. Chc bn sm tm c kho bu.
- Ong: Kh con i c mt on kh di th gp c ch xn tc, kh con ct ting.
- Kh: em cho ch xn tc xinh p.
- Xn tc: ! Cho em kh. Em ang i lm j vy m lang thang 1 mnh trong
rng th ny.
- Kh: em ang trn ng i tm kho bu.
- Xn tc: kho bu ! Ch vi mnh em lm sao m tm c kho bu.
- Kh: m em cho em mt bn i kho bu. M bo c theo ng ch dn
trong bn u ny l em s tm c kho bu v m bo trn on ng em i s hc
hi c rt nhiu iu, c s tr gip ca cc c, d, ch, bc, a,ch tt bng
- Xn tc: th em c cn ch gip g khng?
- Kh: d! C . Ch c th ch cho em ng ln nh ni pha trc c
khng .
54

- Xn tc: c ch s ch cho em
- Kh: ch i! Em khng bit tn ca ch c vit nh th no .
- Xn tc: tn ca ch . tn ch di lm.
- Kh: ch gi

cho em c khng .

- Xn tc: tn ca ch gm nhng ch sau: X,e,n,t,o,c.

- Kh: trong tn ca ch em c hc cc ch e,n,t,o,c ri . Cn ch u
em khng bit
- Xn tc: ch u tin c l ch X. Ch s dy cho em cch vit ch X
- Kh: d vng ! Em vui lm. Ch ch cho em cch vit vi .
- Xn tc: ch X c vit nh th ny ny.
- Kh: hay qu th l em bit c tn ca ch c gp t nhng ch g ri.
- Xn tc: em c cn ch tr gip g na khng:
- Kh: d c : ch ch cho em ng ln nh ni pha trc vi !
- Xn tc: em c i thng con ng phi trc mt l s n ni.
- Kh: d vng! Em cm n ch nhiu. Em ln ng lun y .
- Xn tc: khng c g. Ch cho em. Chc em sm tm c kho bu.
4.2.6 Kch bn cho nhm ch s, r, k, p.
Cho cc b, chng ta cng kh con i khm ph c rt nhiu iu mi l
ri ng khng no. Hm nay chng ta cng kh con tip tc cuc hnh trnh nh.
Hc ch S
- Kh con: Cho bn sc, bn ang lm g vy.
- Sc : cho kh con, t ang hc ch ci, bn c mun hc cng t khng?
- Kh con: , hay qu, bn cho mnh hc cng vi nh. Bn ang hc ch g vy?
- Sc : mnh ang hc ch S
- Kh con: ch S vit nh th no?
- Sc :ch S vit nh th ny ny.
- Sc: y l ch hoa,
- Sc: cn y l ch thng.
- Kh con: hay qu, vy l mnh bit thm c ch S ri. cm n Sc nh.
- Sc: , m bn ang i u vy?
- Kh con: t ang i tm mnh ghp kho bu, thi cho sc, t i y.
Hc ch R
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- Kh con: cho bc ra, bc ang lm g vy?

- Ra: cho kh con, bc ang sa cy cu gip mi ngi c th qua sng.
- Kh con: Vng . Chu c ng mun qua cu i sang b bn kia .
- Ra: nhng trc tin chu phi hc ch ci v tr li cc cu hi ca bc .
- Kh con: A, hc ch ci , chu thch lm, bc dy chu vi nh.
- Ra: , c thi , hm nay bc s dy chu hc ch R, chu nhn ny:
- ch R c vit nh th ny ny.
- Ra: y l ch hoa.
- Ra: cn y l ch thng.
- Kh con: A hay qu, c phi trong tn ca bc c ng c ch R phi khng .
- Ra: ng ri, chu thng minh lm.
- Ra : th bc chu trong tn ca bc c my ch R no.
- Kh con: d t, trong tn bc c mt ch R. chu cn bit trong tn bc c mt
ch u v mt ch a na c.
- Ra: kh con gii lm, by gi th chu c th qua cu c ri.
- Kh con: vng, chu cm n bc .
Hc ch p,k
- Kh con: cho anh kin
- Kin: cho kh con. Kh con ang i u vy ?
- Kh con: em ang trn ng i tm mnh ghp kho bu, mun qua cc ca v
ly c mnh ghp kho bu th em phi hc c cc ch ci.
- Kin: th em hc c nhng ch g ri?
- Kh con: em hc c ch a, b, , v A c th dy em hc ch ci c
khng?
- Kin: c ch. a dy em hc ch p nh.
- Kh con: c th th tt qu .
- Kin: ch P vit nh th ny ny.
- Kin: y l ch hoa.
- Kin: cn y l ch thng.
- Kh con: ch p xut hin trong cc t no .
- Kin: ch p xut hin trong cc ch phong b, phng vin,

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- Kh con: vng. Trong tn ca anh c 4 ch ci, ch I, ch , ch n v mt ch

g vy , sao n c nhiu nt ch vy a?
- Kin: , y l ch k.
- Kin: ch K vit nh th ny ny.
- y l ch hoa
- Cn y l ch thng.
- Kh con:a hay qu. Vy l em bit thm ch p v ch k ri.
- Kin: . Em hc nhanh lm, mnh ghp ca em y, chc em may mn nh.
- Kh con: vng. Em ln ng y .
4.2.7 Kch bn cho nhm ch g, q, y, , .
Cnh 1:
Pha ng xa, mt con rn hung d ang giam bt ch. Ting ku cu ca ch
pht ra t pha trong.
Kh con lao ti vi

nh gii cu cho ch th b rn chn li.

RN: mun cu ch ? Khng d u, phi hc ch ci .

KH: gip t vi.
Ch ong xut hin
ONG: hy n vo nt trn mn hnh hc ch ci i.
Trn mn hnh hin ra nt bm ngi chi chn, bm vo nt vo phn
hc ch ci, hc ht ch hoa chng trnh s t ng nhy sang phn hc ch thng.
RN: ch G
Mn hnh hin ra phn hc ch G v ch g.
RN: ch q na ny.
Mn hnh hin ra phn hc ch Q v ch q.
RN: cn ch y na
Mn hnh hin ra phn hc ch Y v ch y.
RN: th ch xem.
Mn hnh hin ra phn hc ch v ch .
RN: ch th sao
Mn hnh hin ra phn hc ch v ch .
Kt thc phn hc ch s l hnh nh con rn b mt bc tng ln u v cht.
Cnh 2:
57

ch c gii cu, trm tr khen ngi kh con.

CH: wo....w, anh kh gii qu.
Cnh 3:
Sang phn chi game.

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CHNG 5: CHNG TRNH, HNH NH

5.1 Gii thiu b phn mm hc v dy ch ci ting Vit
-Chng trnh dy ch ci ting Vit cho tr emphn mm dnh cho tr em v
ph huynh cc trng Tiu hc Vit Nam. Chng trnh dy ch ci ting Vit cho tr
em c chia ra lm hai phn chnh: phn mt l phn hc ch ci, phn hai l chi
game gip cho tr c n luyn li nhng ch ci mnh hc.
-Phn mm nh hng cho ngi dng l tr em s dng nh mt cng c h
tr hc Ting Vit di s hng dn ca cha m hoc thy c gio, trng c ng
nh gia nh.
-Chng trnh dy ch ci ting Vit, phn hc ch ci c lng ghp vo cc
khc nhau cnh cng vi nhng nhn vt hot hnh vui nhn, gip tr hc nhanh
chng, linh hi c kin thc mt cch d dng.
-Ton b phn hc ch ci c ghi m ging H Ni chun v c m
phng hc tp chnh xc trn my tnh ng theo tng bc v ni dung hc tp ca
sch gio khoa. -M i ch ci c hai phn ch hoa v ch thng c m phng
hon chnh trong chng trnh s gip cc ph huynh hng dn ging dy cho tr
phn kin thc ny mt cch hiu qu nht.
-Chng trnh nh hng cho ngi dng l tr em s dng nh mt cng c
h tr vic n bi nh sau khi c hc trn lp. Chng trnh c ng c th dnh
cho cha m hc sinh s dng hng dn con em mnh hc v n luyn hc Ting
Vit nh.

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Hnh 4.1:Giao din chng trnh sau khi ci t

y l giao din chnh ca game khi ci t xong, ngi chi n vo nt sn
sng vo phn chi game.
Sau khi n nt sn sng chng trnh chuyn sang giao din mi. Ti y
ngi chi c th c hng dn chi game v xem thng tin ca chng trnh. Ngi
chi n bt u vo chi game.

Hnh 4.2: Giao din chng trnh trc khi chi game
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y l on gii thiu ct truyn, nhn vt Kh con nhn c bn t Kh

m v bt u cuc hnh trnh ca mnh

Hnh 4.3: Gii thiu c truyn

Mt bn hin ra gm c 7 khu vc, m i khu vc l mt nhm ch khc
nhau, khi ngi chi di chut m i nt s c toltip hin ra thng bo nt hc nhng
ch ci no. Khi click vo nt bt k ngi chi s hc nhm ch tng ng vi nt
, v chi nhng tr chi hp dn ca chng em to ra.

Hnh 4.4: Bn v cc nt ca chng trnh

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y l ni dung hc ch khi click vo nt bt trn bn

Hnh 4.5: Giao din hc ch ci

Phn hc ch ci: bao gm ch hoa v ch thng.

Hnh 4.6: Hc ch H (hoa).

Nhng game chng em to ra c lng ghp vo phn hc ch trnh nhm
chn cho tr khi hc, ng thi tng s t m, kch thch tr ch ng hn trong vic
hc ch ci. Di y l mt s game trong chng trnh.
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Hnh 4.7: Game 1

Game 1 yu cu ngi chi ko cc hnh nh (c tn bn cnh) c ch ci
tng ng theo yu cu vo vung. Nu ko hnh c ch ci tng ng vo
vung th chng trnh hin ra nt bm chuyn sang chng trnh tip theo.

Hnh 4.8: Game 2

Game ny yu cu ngi chi dng chic knh lp tm ch ci c vit nh i
trong bc tranh, tm c click chut vo ch , trn mn hnh hin ra mt t m
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trong t c ch cn tm. Tm ch ci, chng trnh hin ra nt bm chuyn

sang phn tip theo.

Hnh 4.9: Game 3

Game ny c xy dng bng cch to ra nt trn mn hnh, yu cu ngi
chi tm cc ch ci.Tm ch ci, chng trnh hin ra nt bm chuyn sang
phn tip theo.

Hnh 4.10: Game 4

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Game ny c xy dng ging nh game o vo quen thuc, y thay v

cc vt phm nh trong game o vng l cc ch ci, yu cu ngi chi n cc
ch ci.Tm ch ci, chng trnh hin ra nt bm chuyn sang phn tip theo.

65