IMPLEMENTATION OF NEWTON

RAPHSON METHOD TO EQUATIONS

IN MATRIX FORM

SAJNA K M
ROLL NO:16
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APPROXIMATE NUMERICAL
METHOD
Limitations of analytical method led to numerical method
Often repetitive nature
At each step the result of preceding step is used-iteration

process
Repeated till result is obtained to a desired degree of

accuracy
Newton Raphson method is a well known numerical

method

IDEA BEHIND THE N-R METHOD

Starts with an initial guess which is reasonably close

to true value
Function is approximated by tangent line

Compute X-intercept of this tangent line

X-intercept will typically be a better approximation to

the function root than original guess

& the method can be iterated
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NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD IN
N-VARIABLES
Let

( , . . . , ) (i = 1, . . . ,N) be N non-linear
functions.
Each function is a function in N variables, , . . . ,
can use the compact notation-f (u) where

 to find the solution u to the equation, f (u) = 0

initial guess is

by adding

so that u0+

is the exact

solution,

Conducting a Taylor series expansion around u =

Can write compactly as

finally has the compact expression,

STEPS CAN BE
SUMMARIZED AS FOLLOWS
1.

Guess initial solution

residual

2.

Compute tangent stiffness:

and compute

3. Compute update:

4. Update solution:
5. Compute new residual:
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NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD TO
EQUATIONS IN MATRIX FORM
Consider non linear spring with stiffness k

Applied load

& corresponding displacement

A set of non linear equations in matrix form can be
written as

 Then
Load is increased to

& corresponding displacement

has to be found out

By using Taylors series [

is given by

where

2
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- tangent stiffness matrix

To find

for which

Evaluate

at A

Therefore from eq 1

or

is load imbalance
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After computing

update the displacement

estimate to

For next iteration ,obtain new tangent matrix from eq 2

continue the process until the solution process seeks

to reduce the load imbalance &

to zero

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0
N-R SOLUTION FOR

CAUSED BY

STARTING POINT A

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REFERENCES
Structural analysis a unified classical and matrix

approach-A Ghali ,A M Neville and T G Brown

Matrix and finite element analysis of structures
Makhujith Mukhoopadhyay
Concept and application of finite elementRobert d cook

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THANK YOU

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