86412 Engineering Materials: Strength and Fracture ce CARLETON UNIVERSITY FINAL EXAMINATION December 2000 ———____ No. of Students: 60 Desarment Name & Cours: Nauier, Mechanical & Aerospace Enj Instructors): A, Artemey gineering 86.412A [ AUTHORIZED MEMORANDA Calculators, course notes and textbooks are permitted. Paper has 4 pages, ‘This examination paper MAY be taken from the examination rnam, 1. A thin composite plate is attached by adhesive bondin, 18 10 a wide and stiff supporting beam made of an alloy. It was found that failure inthis system occurs by peeling the plate from the beans. Which of the following changes in the mat overall strength of the system? Explain your selection (2) alloy with a higher yield stress (b) alloy with higher toughness ‘rials can improve the (¢) alloy with a higher or lower Young's modulus (@) adhesive with a higher yield atroos (©) adhesive with higher toughness (© adhesive widh a higher or lower Young's modulus () stronger composite86412 Engineering Materials: Strength and Fracture (b) composite with higher toughness (}) composite with a higher or lower Young's modulus, 2. The following compliances (u/X)) of the 12 mm thick plates (see Table 1) were obtained for various artificially introduced crack lengths, @. The critical loads at which crack growth started, X,, are also given (Tab. 1), The Plate material has yield strength of 280 MPa, Young's modulus of 70 GPa, Poisson's ratio of 0.3 and UTS of 310 MPa, (@) Calculate toughness of the plate material, R (©) Determine the maximum length ofa surface crack which will not reduce effective strength of the plate below the yield strength of the material. (©) Is itpossible to use the available material data to determine fracture conditions for the plates with 20 mm long surface oracks, if the plates are made ot the same ‘material and have the thickness of i) 6 mm or ii) 40 mm? Table 1. Crack lengths, compliance and critical load values eae a (mm Nx10-5) 30 79 10.85 75 235 6.7 100 308 33 125 y21 44 A through crack in a thick plate made of steel has the initial length of 14 mm Crack growth is approximately described by the Paris law with A= 9-10"? micycle and m—2 whew AK ts expressed in MPa-Vm.. The plate is subjected to an altemating sitess of 60 to 150 MPa, Estimate the number of cycles to failure, Material properties are: E=200GPa, oy, =450MPa and Kj. =180MPavm. Comment on the ys Te arcuracy of the obtained estiniate x»SS 86.412 Engineering Materials: Strength and Fracture s 4. Stress corrosion crack growth data for a steel alloy exposed to a salt spray are listed below: [Ky MPaJm | Growih Rave milsee 5 10 10 10 5 10 | 20 10" 25 [108 30 10% | c Es [Te | crack of the length of § mm and subjected to a steady stress of 60 MPa in the same environment. &) Estimate the time to facture forthe same panel containing the same crack inthe “ome cavioutent if eych load with a sinusoidal waveform with the period of Telsecond the stress ratio R=0 and stress amplitude m,=28 sme is ‘applied wo it Fatigue propenies ofthis material are described by the Pris law mleyele Pad em? Iaterial Young"s Madulue ie 205 Gru. constant, A= 8-19-95 Material strength is o,,=450.MPa and 5 A nickel base superalloy s tested for creep properties atthe stress of 300 MPa and °C: Determine the relative contributions of the Nabarro-Herring and the Coble creep mechanisms to the overall steady state creep strain rate, ‘Nickel 1s an FCC metal with a lattice ‘Parameter of 0.5238 nm Activation energy of self diffusion in Ni is 279 kJ/mole Diffusion frequency factor Dy = 27-1074 m? /second Boltzman’s constant k= 1.38-10°23 /K Universal gas constant R= 314 1/ mole K86.412 Engineering Materials: Strength and Fracture 6. List several material Properties which are affected by the grain size. Give examples of Positive and negative effects on material properties that can be produced by the increase in the grain size 7 Explain why S-N data provide insufficient information for the use in applications which utilize a damage tolerant design.