Electrophoresis is a technique that separates biomolecules according to properties such as

size, shape or charge. There are several types of electrophoresis, but the concepts are similar.
The machine has an anode (positive charge) and a cathode (negative charge). Negative
ions move toward the anode, and positive-charged ions move towards the cathode.Life
scientists use the rate and distance traveled by these molecules in the electrophoresis to
analyze samples and to purify biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids.
Electrophoresis is useful for analyzing protein samples.Most proteins carry a negative
charge in a slightly basic solution; thus, they will migrate through a gel with speed
characteristics of their size. Because proteins have complex three-dimensional folded
structures, it is necessary to add a mild solvent to denature the proteins through
disrupting the interactions.
Protein electrophoresis or in another name called Immunoelectrophoresis is a method or
technique of analysing a mixture of proteins by means of gel electrophoresis in medicine,
mainly in blood serum.Before the widespread use of electrophoresis gels, protein
electrophoresis was performed on paper or sometimes in combination with paper
chromatography.
SDS-PAGE, (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), is a technique
widely used in to separate proteins according to their electrophoretic mobility (a
function of length of polypeptide chain or molecular weight). SDS-PAGE is a common
form of electrophoresis for analyzing proteins. The SDS part of the name is a protein
denaturing detergent that causes the molecule to unfold. The detergent binds to the
polypeptide in a 1:1 ratio with each segment of the protein to give it a charge. The
protein polypeptides move through the gel at different rates depending on mass, allowing
researchers to study proteins based on size.

An electrophoresis gel, which can be used to determine a molecule's size.

SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis separate proteins from the blood of different shark species.