RECAPITULARE

1.

2.

3.

Daca un substantiv apare de mai multe ori Intr-o propozitie, poate fi Inlocuit cu cuvantul one:
I don't like this book;
I like that one.

- Nu-mi place aceasta carte;

mie Imi place aceea.

I don't want these shoes;

I want cheaper ones.

- Nu vreau ace~ti pantofi;

vreau unii ieftini.

Modul imperativ:
Come here!

- Vino aici!

Don't eat so fast!

- Nu mancati

Let them go now!

- Lasa-i sa pIece acum!

a~a

de repede!

Genitivul saxon (the Saxon Genitive):

ma~ina

Mary's car

these people's houses

- casele acestor oameni

my parent's friends

- prietenii parintilor mei

Mariei

"
"
PARTEA INTAI

LECTIA
31
,

Ca ~i pana acum, sa incepem leqia cu ciiteva cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce

tare ~i retineti sensuI lor in limba romaml:
matter

> [mEta']

- chestiune, problema,
treaba

fact

> [fEkt]

- fapt; realitate

object

> [ obdjikt]

- obiect, scop

idea

> [aidia]

- idee

peace

> [pi:s]

- pace

soldier

> [sauldja']

- soldat

war

> [" O :']

- razboi

mistake

> [misteik]

complaint

> [kampleint]

- nemultumire, plangere,
reclamatie

incident

> [insidant]

- incident, intamplare

space

> [speis]

- spatiu, univers

space travel

> [speis trEvl]

- calatorie in spatiu

luggage

> [lagidj]

- bagaj

gre~eala,eroare

Sa exersam cuvintele noi intr-o alta ordine:

peace

> [pi:s]

- pace

object

> [obdj ikt]

- obiect, scop

luggage

> [lagidj]

- bagaj

matter

> [mEtil']

- chestiune, problema,
treaba

incident

> [insidant]

- incident, intamplare

idea

> [aidia]

- idee

fact

> [fEkt]

- fapt

space travel

> [speis trEvl]

- calatorie in spatiu

war

> [" O:']

- razboi

mistake

> [mistcik]

complaint

> [kampleint]

- nemultumire, plangere,
reclamatie

soldier

> [sauldja']

- soldat

gre~eala,

eroare

In exercitiul urmator am folosit cuvintele noi in propozitii:

We don't know everything
about this matter yet.

> ["I: daunt nall cVllT'in\g)

aballt D/is mEta' id]

- Nu ~tim inca totul

despre aceasta problema.

The facts are alarming.

> [D/a f1:kts a:' ala: rll1in(gl]

- Faptele sunt alarmante.

They saw a strange object

in the sky.

> [D/ci so: a stlcll1dJ obdjikt

in D/a ska/]

- Au vazut un obiect straniu

pe cer.

These ideas are not new.

> [[Yl:Z aidiaz a:' not nlll'\

- Aceste idei nu sunt noi.

All we want is peace.

> [01 "1: Jont IZ pl:S]

- Tot ce dorim este (sa fie) pace.

What do you know

about the war?

> ["ot dll Ill: nall

aballt IYa "t)"r]

- Ce

This soldier has made

a serious mistake.

> [D/Is Siill!dp' hEz meld

a si.nas ll1lstcik]

- Acest soldat a facut

o gre~eala serioasa.

You can return it if there are

complaints.

> [Ill: kI:n ntii:'n

kall1plcll1ts]

The incident was in

all the papers.

> [Dll insidant "oz in

(J.! D/a pciparz]

- Incidentul a aparut 'in

toate ziarele.

Is there enough space

for our furniture?

> [IZ D'ca'lI1at"spc/s

to.' aua' nl:rmt~a']

- Este destul spatiu

pentru mobila noastra?

The first space travel was in

1957.

> [D/a fa'st SPCIS trEvi U oz IJ1

namtb] finl SC\ nJ

- Prima calatorie in spatiu

a avut loc in 1957.

Is that luggage yours?

>

DZEtlagldj /t)"'zJ

- Acest bagaj este al tau?

[17

It

~til

despre razboi?

It" O/ca r a: r - Puteti s-o inapoiati daca avet i

nemultumiri.

Iar acum completati propozitiile 'in limba engleza cu cuvintele care lipsesc:
Am citit mult despre ace! razboi.

- I have read much about that >war.

Negocierile vor aduce pacea?

- Will the negotiations bring >peace?

Acele idei sunt greu de inteles.

- Those >Icleas are difficult to understand.

Scopul nostru este sa obtinem 0 marire

de salariu cat mai curand posibil.

- Our >object is to get a raise

as soon as possible.

Faptul ca el m-a ajutat a impresionat-o

pemama.

- The >fact that he helped me impressed

my mother.

EI nu poate sa acorde mult timp acestei probleme.

- He cannot spend much time on this >mattcr.

Imi place sa calatoresc lara bagaje.

- I like travelling without any >luggage.

Este periculoasa calatoria in spatiu?

- Is >space travel dangerous?

Universul este incredibil de vast.

- >Space is incredibly vast.

Aceste incidente se petrec in mod regulat?

- Do these >JIlcldcnts happen regularly?

Aceste nemultumiri merita sa fie ascultate.

- These >coJl1plaIJ1ts are worth listening to.

Ai fiicut de doua ori

aceea~i gre~eala.

- You have made the same > mIstake twice.

,

Soldatii sunt gata de lupta.

- The> soldIers are ready for the fight.

"I like travelling without any luggage."

Rezolvati urmatorul exercitiu de traducere:

incident, intiimplare

> incident

gre~eala, eroare

> mIstake

pace

> peace

razboi

> war

chestiune, problema, treaba

> matter

soldat

> soldIer

spatiu, univers

> space

nemultumire, pliingere, reclamatie

> complamt

obiect, scop

> object

idee

> Idea

fapt

> fact

bagaj

> luggage

In lec(iile anterioare, ali intiilnit deja verbul modal must - a trebui.

Acum vom inwi(aforma negativii a acestui verb:
1.

Forma negativii a verbului must se ob(ine prin adiiugarea adverbului de nega(ie not: must
not (forma prescurtatiijiind mustn't l masnt] care inseamnii a nu fi permislingaduit, a nu
avea voie, a fi interzis, de exemplu:
She mustn't smoke.

- Ea nu are voie sa fumeze.

You mustn't talk here.

- Nu ai voie sa

vorbe~ti

aici.

2.

Structura negativii -

BU

trebuie, se exprinu] cuforma scurtii needn't lnLdnt], de exemplu:

You needn't read all these books.

- Nu trebuie sa

cite~ti

She needn't worry about it.

- Ea nu trebuie
cu asta.

sa-~i

toate aceste cacti.

faca griji in legatura

lar acum sa folosim verbele modale invatate anterior. Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu
verbul corespunzator:
Nu trebuie sa mergem acolo.

- We >needn 't go there.

De ce nu am voie sa yin aici?

- Why > 1TI1i stn 't I come here?

Nu avem voie sa facem aceasta gre~eala.

- We >lTIlistn 't make this mistake.

Nu trebuie sa ascult plangerile tale.

- I >needn't listen to your complaints.

Nu ai voie sa-ti
Aceste

~tiri

la~i

- You > 1TI1i stn 'f leave your luggage here.

bagajul aici.

- This news> needn't be facts.

nu sunt neaparat adevarate.

Urmeaza un alt grup de cuvinte noi. Exersati pronuntia

~i

retineti intelesullor in limba romana:

objective

> [abdjekti\]

- obiectiv, nepartinitor

decisive

> ldisaislv]

- hotarator, decisiv

urgent

> [a:ldjant]

- urgent

concrete

> l konkri:t]

- concret, palpabil

abstract

> [EbstrEkt]

- abstract

peaceful

> [pi:sfal]

presently

> [prezantl i]

- imediat, indata

pa~nic, lini~tit

lata cum se folosesc cuvintele noi in propozitii:

Can you talk about this
objectively?

> l kEn Ill: to. k aballt DZIS

abd.lektlvll]

- Poti sa vorbe~ti obiectiv

despre asta?

Tomorrow will be
the decisive day.

> [tamorall uil bi:

D"a disaisiv dC/]

- Maine va fi ziua
decisiva.

This is a very urgent

matter.

> l D"is jz a veri a:ldpnt

mEtal]

- Aceasta este 0 treaba foarte

urgenta.

Is there concrete information? > [IZ {Yca f konkri:t

II1fame/~n]

Ehstrl~kt

- Sunt informatii concrete?

subjects.

> l ai daunt hllk

sabdjlkb]

The surroundings are

very peaceful.

> l Dfa ~araundm(~lz a: 1

\ en pi.~fld]

- Imprejurimile sunt
foarte pa~nice.

We'll start it presently.

> lUi:l start it prezantli]

- Vom incepe imediat.

I don't like abstract

- Nu-mi plac subiectele

abstracte.

Acum completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu noile cuvinte:

ldeile abstracte sunt dificil de inteles.

Avem nevoie urgenta de mai mult

ingra~amant chimic.

- We >ur~cnlly need more

fertilizer.

Aceasta trebuie prezentata intr-un mod obiectiv.

Vom termina imediat.

- We'll finish it >prcsenlly.

Ei traiesc intr-o reglUne

lini~tita.

> A bStLlct ideas are difficult to understand.

It has to be shown in an >ob.lcctlve way.

- They live in a >pcaccful region.

Masa este un obiect coneret.

- A table is a >concrck object.

Este greu sa fii obiectiv in aceasta problema.

- It is difficult to be >obJcctive in this matter.

Traduceti unnatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza:

concret

> cOllclde

decisiv

> deClSI\ c

pa~nic, lini~tit

> peaceful

imediat, indata

> presently

abstract

> aboitract

urgent

> urgent

obiectiv

>ob.lectl\C

Ati

reu~it

sa rezolvati exercitiul anterior? lata acum un grup de verbe noi:

to matter

> rtu mEta' j

- a conta, a avea importanta

to notice

> [tu naullsj

- a observa, a baga de seama

to complain

> l tu kamplclTl ]

- a se plange, a reclama

to agree

> [tuagri"]

- a fi de acord, a accepta

to disagree

>

to decide

>[tUJloilltJj

flU (hsagri:]

- a nu fi de acord, a nu accepta
- a decide, a hotari

lata cuvintele noi intr-un scurt dialog. Cititi-l cu atentie:

A:

Peter, Jane complains that you forbid her everything.

B:

Really? I haven't noticed.

A:

She wanted to go on holiday with her friends and you didn't agree.

S:

I think I was right. But does it matter?

A:

Yes, it does. You didn't even tell her why you disagreed.

B:

Now you are right. Next time when I decide to forbid her something 1'1\ explain why.
6

Sa analizam acum fiecare

propozi~ie separat:

Peter, Jane complains that

you forbid her everything.

> i pi'fa' dJclll kalt1plcll1z DzEt - Peter, Jane s-a plans

Il,: forhid ba:' cvnl 'in(~lj
ca Ii interzici totuI.

Really? I haven't noticed.

> I IbiI al hF\"llt nallt!st]

She wanted to go on holiday

with her friends and you
didn't agree.

> [Sl. "0n lld tll gall on holide: - Ea a vrut sa mearga in concediu
Jl), hel r frcndl 1 nd Ill:
cu prietenii ei dar tu
,iidnt a~n: j
nu ai fost de acord.

I think I was right.

> 1:11'] 'Jl1'C'k al"OI rail1

- ered ca am avut dreptate.

But does it matter?

> l bat daz It mEta' 1

- Dar conteaza asta?

Yes, it does.

>

[ICS

It d:l/1

- Da.

You didn't even tell her

why you disagreed.

>

1'11,

didn! i \ n tel hal

dls;I~" Ld j

- Nici macar nu i-ai spus

de ce nu ai fost de acord.

Now you are right.

> [nallill ;\",ailj

- Acum ai dreptate.

Next time when I decide

to forbid her something
I'll explain why.

> lnd; 'I (<11111 ''\:n dl (!Jsald

tll Illlhid kl" s;\lnT'Jl1':')
:1l1Ibpil'J11 "alJ

- Data viitoare cand

voi decide sa-i interzic ceva,
ii voi explica de ceo

'dl

III

- lntr-adevar? Nu am observat.

Acum completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu verbele corespunzatoare:

A contat mult pentru mine.

- It >l1lattCl cd a lot to me.

Ai observat ca el a baut prea mult?

- Have you >J1l,tILcd that he has drunk

too much?

S-au plans de cal dura.

- They> COJl1I' 1:1 ined of the heat.

~tiu

- I know they don't >dgrce.

ca ei nu sunt de acord.

Nu am fost de

aceea~i parere

Noi am dec is sa nu-i

- We >dlsagrt.'cd on that maUer.

in acea problema.

a~teptam.

- We >declded not to wait for them.

Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele verbe:

a accepta, a fi de acord
a decide, a hotari

> to dec Ide

a se plange, a reclama

> to c< ,mplain

a observa

> to notice

a conta, a avea importanta

> to Jl1.ltkl

a nu fi de acord

lar acum sa revenim la imperativulformat cu verbullet.

Dacii propozi(ia in care verbul este la imperativ este flegatlva (vrem ca cineva sa flU facii ceva),
atunci se folose~te cuvantul de nega(ie not.
De exemplu:
Let's not agree.

- Sa nu fim de acord!

Let them not decide themselves.

- Sa nu decida ei

ln~i~i!

In exercitiul urmator traduceti propozitiile in Iimba engleza:

Las( -0) sa nu faca aceasta gre~eala!

> Let her not make thIs mistake.

Sa nu luam bagajul cu noi!

> Let's not take the luggage wIth us.

Sa nu-llasam sa vorbeasca tot timpul

despre razboi.

> Let hun not talk about the war

a II the tIme.

Urmeaza ultimul exereitiu al lectiei, in care vom sintetiza cele invatate. Traduceti propozitiile
urmatoare in limba engleza:
Acest incident nu trebuie sa se mai intiimple.

> ThIs incIdent mustn't happen again.

Calatoria in spatiu este captivanta.

> Space travel IS excllJl1g.

Nu trebuie sa te
El are

giinde~ti

la aceasta problema.

> You needn'l thmk about thIS matter.

idee buna, sa-I lasam sa vorbeasca.

> He has a good Idea, let hllll speak.

> Have you noticed thIS man m a green hat?

L-ai observat pe barbatul cu palaria verde?

Nu ai voie sa

hotara~ti

lara sa

vorbe~ti

cu Jane.

>

YDU

mustn't declClc Wllhout lalkmg to .lane.

Nu conteaza.

> It doesn '1 matter.

Sa nu-i lasam sa se pliinga!

> LeI them not complalll'

Nu trebuie sa ajungem la un acord acum.

> We needn't aglec now.

LECTIA
31 - PARTEA A DOUA
,
incepem partea a doua a lectiei cu substantive referitoare la razboi.
Cititi cuvintele cu voce tare:
army

> [a:fmi]

- armata

navy

> [neivi]

- flota maritima, marina

militara

air force

> [eaffo:fs]

- forta aeriana

civilian

> [sivilian]

- civil

trench

>

weapon

> [U epn ]

- arma

enemy

> [cnami]

- mamlC

ally

> [Elai]

- aliat

cartridge

> [ka:ftridj]

atom-bomb

> [Etam bom]

- bomba atomica

battle

> [bEtl]

- batalie, lupta

submarine

> [sabmari:n]

- submarin

Sa exersam cuvintele noi

[trent~]

~i

tran~eu

cartu~

intr-o alta ordine:

enemy

> [enami]

- inamic

ally

> [Elai]

- aliat

battle

> [bEtl]

- batalie, lupta

navy

> [neivi]

- flota maritima, marina

militara

cartridge

> [ka:ftridj]

submarine

> [sabm[lri:n]

- submarin

army

> [a:'miJ

- armata

atom-bomb

> [EUun hom]

- bomba atomica

air force

> [ca f fO:f S]

- fortii aeriana

weapon

> [U cpn ]

- arma

trench

>

civilian

> [slvilian]

[trent~]

cart~

tran~eu

- civil

Unnariti folosirea cuvintelor nOl in propozitii. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare

limba romana:

~i

fiti atenti la traducerea lor in

This country has

a small army.

> l DIIs kantll hEz

a smo:1 armi]

In a war the air forces are

often decisive.

>

Many civilians were killed.

> [meD! sivillanz "a.' klld]

- Multi civili au fost

The soldiers had to dig

trenches.

> [DZa sauldja'z hEd tll dig

trent~lz ]

- Soldatii au trebuit sa sape

Our weapons are not

modem enough.

> [aLia' "frllZ a: r not

l11oda'n maf]

- Annele noastre nu sunt

destul de modeme.

We have no infonnation
on the enemy.

> [uJ. hE\ nall Il1famelSn

on D/) ena111l]

- Nu avem infonnatii
despre inamic.

Our allies were too late

to help us.

> lalla' Elalz "a:' tll: lelt

tll help as]

- Aliatii au venit prea tarziu

sa ne ajute.

These are bad cartridges.

> [DzI:z a: r bEd ka:rtnd]lz J

- Acestea sunt

Was it necessary to use

the atom-bomb?

> [U oz It nCSlsarl tll

DZj Etam bom]

- A fost necesara folosirea

bombei atomice?

The battle started at night.

> [Dca bEtI sta.'tld Et nait]

- Batalia a inceput noaptea.

TheIr navy has no

submarines.

> l DZel' nervI hEz nall

sabmallllz]

- Flota lor maritima nu are

submarine.

- Aceasta tara are

o annata mica.

l In a "o ' \)'1 ea' fo:'slz a:'

olil dlsalsl\]

11I:Z

- intr-un razboi foI1a aeriana este

deseori decisiva.
uci~i.

tran~ee.

cartu~e proaste.

Acum completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele care Iipsesc:

Sunt destule

cartu~e?

- Are there enough> caJiridgeS?

Inamicul are avioane modeme.

- The >enemyhas modem planes.

Tran~eele

- The> trenches are deep enough.

Aliatii

sunt suficient de adanci.

no~tri

- Our> allies support us.

ne sprij ina.

Multi civili parasesc

ora~ul.

- Many >civilians are leaving the town.

Ei construiesc multe submarine.

- They are building many >slIbmannes

Batalia a continuat timp de

- The >battle has continued for a week.

saptamana.

Noi folosim cell' mai modeme anne.

- We are using the latest > weapon~.

Bomba atomica a fost folosita de aliatul nostru.

- The >atom-bomb was used by our ally.

10

Fratele meu este in aviatia militara.

- My brother is in the >alr force.

Armata are nevoie de mult petrol.

- The >army needs a lot of petrol.

Unele tari nu au flota maritima.

- Some countries haven't got a >navy.

"My brother is in the air force"

Acum traduceti noile cuvinte in engleza:

forta aeriana

> ail force

arma

> weapon

cartu~

>nlltridgc

submarin

> submannc

lupta, batalie

> battle

aliat

>ally

civil
flota maritima

> n:l\ v

bomba atomica

> dto!1l-bomb

armata

> :III11Y

tran~eu

>\rench

In continuare iatii cum putem exprima datele:

In the forties there were
many battles.

>llI1lYd

10.\))/

lYe;}'

men! bEll/J

II

"'.1.'

- In anii patruzeci au fast (avut lac)

multe lupte.

Dupii eum ali observat, expresiile ea anii patruzeci, anii cincizeci etc., se formeazii adiiugiind la
numeral artieolul hotiirat :;i sufixul-es. Nu uitali eii litera -y de la sfar:;itul euviintului se transformii
in -i, iar aeeasta este urmatii de terminalia -es.
lata exemplele:
the fifties

- anii cincizeci

the sixties

- anii l?aizeci

Aeeste expresii pot fi sense eu ajutorul eiji-elor in felul urmiitor:

the 80s

- the eighties

- anii optzeci

the 20s

- the twenties

- anii douazeci

\..

Daea vrem sa sllbhniem seeollll, atllnei data se scrie in felul urmiitor:

the 1830s

- the eighteen thirties

- anii

mie opt sute treizeci

the 1970s

- the nineteen seventies

- anii

mie noua sute l?aptezeci

Pe baza exemplelor de mai sus traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

> The war started

Razboiul a inceput in anii 1930.

In

the 1930s

(nineteen thIrties).
Mary s-a nascut in anii l?aizeci.

> Mary was born

Aceasta casa a fost construita in anii 1790.

> ThIs house \\ as built

In

the 60s (sIxtIes).

111

the J 790s

(se\entccn ninetIes).
> In the 405 (fortIes) there were fe\\ cars

In ann '40 au fost putine mal?mi

in Romania.

In Romania.

Unneaza din nou cateva cuvinte noi:

tactical

>[tEktlkl]

- tactic

civilian

>[SI\ illan]

- civil

nuclear

> [11m klIa']

- nuclear

live

> [1'11\]

- viu, intens

naval

> [I1C{\ I]

- naval, maritim

annoured

>[a 'l11d'll]

- blindat, annat

12

Unnariti folosirea cuvintelor noi in propozitii. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare

~i

exersati pronuntia:

The enemy made

a tactical mistake.

> [OZi enami meld

a tEktlkl mistelk]

- lnamicul a facut
o gre~eala tactica.

Also civIlian planes

are used.

> [a:lsau :m'ilian plen1Z

a:' iu:zd]

- Se folosesc
civile.

Nuclear weapons are

enonnously dangerous.

> [niu:klia T "cpanz a:'

ll1o:'masli dell1djaras]

- Annele nucleare sunt extraordinar

de periculoase.

The police were using

live cartridges.

> [D/a pali.s "a:' lU:zin(g)

lalv ka 'tndJlz]

- Politia a folosit
adevarate.

Naval planes are important

in a modem war.

> [nclvl plelnz a:' IInpo:'tant

III a moda'n "0:']

- Avioanele flotei maritime sunt

foarte importante intr-un
razboi modern.

Their planes are only lightly

annoured.

> [O/el' plelOz a:' aunlI laltli

armLl'd]

- Avioanele lor sunt slab

blindate.

~i

avioane

cartu~e

Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare:

Inamicul are doua submarine nuc1eare.

- The enemy has two >nuclear submarines.

De obicei avioanele tactice nu sunt

foarte mario

- The >tactlcal planes are usually not

very big.

Nu este u~or sa distrugi

un avion blindat.

- It is not easy to damage

Ace~ti

- These children have found >live cartridges.

an >armoured plane.

copii au gasit cartu~e adevarate.

Batalia navala a fost decisiva.

- The >naval battle was decisive.

Soldatii purtau haine civile.

- The soldiers were wearing >clvilian clothes.

Traduceti in limba engleza cuvintele unnatoare:

naval, maritim

> naval

civil

> civIlILln

nuclear

> nucleLlr

tactic

> (actlc,,1

blindat

> armoured

VIU

> live

13

in eontinuare ne vom oeupa din nou de gramatiea.

Am inw'i!at deja cuwintul one, care se folose~te pentru inlocuirea unui substantiv care se repetti in
propozitie.
latti

~i

cdteva detalii:

Cuvdntul one nu se folose~te pentru inlocuirea unui substantiv care se repetti. dacti in propozi!ie se
aflti ~i pronumele own.

De exemplu:
folose~te-l pe

I won't give you my pen; use your own.

- NU-li voi da stiloul meu;

He doesn't need your car. He has

his own.

- El nu are nevoie de
propria ma~ina.

We never buy vegetables.

We grow our own.

- Nu eumparam nieiodata zarzavaturi.

Noi In~ine Ie eultivam.

ma~ina

al tau.

tao El are

Sa invatam eiiteva verbe noi:

to fight

> [tll f3lt]

- a (se) lupta, a se bate

to surrender

> [tll sarenda']

- a se preda, a capitula

to join

> [tu djom]

- a se uni, a intra (In)

to arm

> [tua:'m]

- a (se)lnarma

to fire at

> [tll fa/a' El]

- a trage (eu 0 arma)

to sink

- a (se) seufunda

Dintre verbele de mai sus doua sunt neregulate. lata formele lor:
forma I

forma a II-a

forma a I1I-a

fight > [ faIt]

fought > [fa. t]

fought

sank

sunk

sink

>

[sll1 l g l k]

> [fo.t]

Aeum iata noile verbe In propozilii:

This country has fought
many wars.

> [D/Is kant!! hEz fa. t

The enemy soon surrendered.

> [D/] cnami slI.n sarenda'd]

- Inamicul a capitulat repede.

He has joined his army,

we have joined our own.

> [hI hEz d,oll1d hiZ a:'mi

" 1: hEy djOlml aua' <lun]

- El a intrat In armata lui,

nOI am intrat In a noastra.

I11CnI

"(1

'z1

14

- Aeeasta lara a dus

multe razboaie.

They armed themselves

> [D'ei a:'md DZemselvz

with their own knives.

They have fired at us

lid)' f)'f'I'

The submarine sank

aun naivz]

> [D'el hEy faia'd Et as

occasionally.

- S-au inannat cu cutitele lor.

- Au tras uneori asupra noastra.

akrlJanall]
> [[Ya sa?man:n sEn(~)k

five ships in two days.

l3,v

~1PS 111

- Submarinul a scufundat

tu: delZ]

cinci vapoare in doua zile.

We fought in vain.

> lUi: fo:t in velD]

- Noi am luptat in zadar.

Our allies have surrendered.

> [aua' Elalz hEy sarcnda'd]

- Aliatii

Will you join us?

> [lid iu: dJoin as]

- Ni te vei alatura?

Are our soldiers

>

sufficiently armed?
We fired at the enemy planes,

[~l.'

of our ships already.

- Soldatii

safi~ant1J a. 'mdl

> lUi. faia'cl Et

not at our own.

They have sunk too many

alia' sltuld.FJ'z

1)'1

av aua'

no~trii

sunt

cnami pleinz - Am tras in avioanele inamice,

san'~)k

~IPS

au capitulat.

suficient de inarmati?

not Et au,,' 3un)

> [D/el hEv

no~trii

nu in ale noastre.
tu: mcni

- Ei ne-au scufundat deja

prea multe nave.

o:lrccll]

Unneaza un exercitiu nou in care vom folosi cuvintele noi. Completati unnatoarele propozitii in
limba engleza:
Vom inceta lupta de indata ce inamicul

- We will stop >fighting as soon as the enemy

se va preda.
Dupa

>surrcndcrs.

saptamana, el a venit dupa sotia sa

- After a week he >jomcd his wife

la Londra.

in London.

Am scufundat un vapor la miezul noptii.

- We >sanK a ship at midnight.

Nu am tras niciodata asupra nimanui.

- I have never >fired at anybody.

Avioanele sunt foarte inannate.

- The planes are heavily >armcd.

Vom lupta pana la ultimul om.

- We will >fig-ht to the last man.

Ei s-au predat Tara sa lupte.

- They >SllrJ l'ndereu without >fightmg.

Cele doua annate s-au unit inainte

- The two amlies >Jomed before

de ultima batalie.

the last battle.

Cate nave au fast scufundate

- How many ships >have becn sunk

in aceasta saptamana?

this week?

15

Pentru a verifica daca ati retinut cele studiate piina acum, traduceti verbele urmatoare in limba
engleza:
a trage (cu 0 arma)

> to fire (at)

a se uni, a intra 1n

> to Jom

a (se) scufunda

> to sink

a 1narma

> to ann

a (se) lupta

> to fIght

a se preda

> to surrender

Sii revenim incii

datii /a f%sirea cuvantu/ui one in in/ocuirea substantive/or.

latii ~i a/te cazuri in care cuvantu/ one poate fi omis:

1.

2.

3.

Dupii numera/e cardinale:

~i

I have three chairs and she has five.

- Eu am trei scaune

She bought two coats and stole three.

- Ea a cumparat doua haine

ea are cinci.
~i

a furat trei.

Dupii genitivu/ saxon:

This bicycle is not so expensive
as John's.

- Aceasta bicicleta nu este atiit de scumpa

ca a lui John.

It was not her mistake, but her sister's.

- Nu a fast

gre~eala

ei, ci a surorii sale.

Dupii pronume/e some, any, these, those:

If you want cigarettes, I can give you some. - Daca vrei tigari, iti pot da cateva.
- EI a cautat perdele ieftine,
dar nu a vazut niciuna.

He was looking for cheap curtains,

but he didn't see any.

4.

Dupii forma de super/ativ a adjective/or:

Of all the cars we have, this
is the fastest.

- Dintre toate ma~inile pe care Ie avem aceasta

este cea mai rapida.

Of all the flowers I have seen today,

these are the most beautiful.

- Dintre toate florile pe care Ie-am vazut azi,

acestea sunt cele mai frumoase.

In exercitiul urmator vom exersa constructiile invatate anterior. Traduceti propozitiile in limba
engleza:
Ma~ina

> fiIs car IS not so/as fast as Mary's.

lui nu este atiit de rapida ca a lui Mary.

Noi am cumparat doua vapoare

~i ei au cumparat cinci.

> We bought two ships

Am camera mea ~i el

> 1 have

and they bought jive.

are pe a sa.

111) 0\\

> I lIs \\ Ill.'

Sotia lui este cea mai frumoasa.

16

IS

100111

and he has hiS

the most bedutlful

nIl II

Noi avem doi copii, iar vecinii

au ClnC!.

no~tri

> We have two children and our nelghbOllrs

have five.
> I needn't borrow any money; I have my own.

Nu trebuie sa imprumut bani; ii am pe ai mei.

Parintii lui John sunt mai batnlni dedit ai lui Mary. > John's parents are older than Mary's.

> This boy

Acest baiat este cel mai inaIt.

lS

the tallest.

Urmeaza ultimul exercitiu al lectiei. Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza:

Ciind am observat ca a inceput sa se intunece,
ne-am alaturat aliatilor no~tri.

> When we noticed it was gettmg dark,

we .lamed our allies.

Nu avem nevoie de submarinele flotei lor militare, > We don't need the submarines of theu' navy:
Ie avem pe ale noastre.
we have our own.
EI a Iacut doua

gre~eli,

dar tu ai Iacut ~ase.

> He made two mistakes, but you made six.

Armele inamicului nu sunt modeme.

> The weapons of the enemy are not modem.

Reclamatiile cumparatorilor merita

ascultate.

> The complamts of the customers are worth

listening to.

Am obosit repede pentru ca bagajul meu

a fost greu.

> I soon got tired because my luggage

\\ as hea\').

Nu ai voie sa iei asta.

> You mustn't take it

In anii '20 noi aveam

> III the 20s (t\\el1t1es) we had a small anny.

armata mica.

Nu trebuie sa faci asta azi.

> You needn't do It today.

Ei au decis sa foloseasca bomba atomica.

> They have decided to use the atom-bomb.

In incheiere iata exercitiul de pronuntie. Repetati cuvintele:

le]

lei]

l all

la]

weapon

navy

decide

army

trench

naval

live

arm

bed

mistake

decisive

cartridge

enemy

space

fire

armoured

let

lake

fight

car

17

RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI
31
,
31.1. Fonna negativa a verbului modal must
31.1.1. Daca verbulUi modal must i se adauga adverbul de negatie not, obtinem fonna must
not (fonna scurta mustn't) care inseamna a nu fi permis/ingaduit, a nu avea voie, a
fi interzis.
She mustn't smoke.

- Ea nu are voie sa fumeze.

You mustn't talk here.

- Nu ai voie sa

vorbe~ti

aici.

31.1.2. Corespondentul englezesc al expresiei nu trebuie este needn't:

cite~ti

You needn't read all these books.

- Nu trebuie sa

She needn't worry about it.

- Ea nu trebuie sa-~i faca griji in legatura

cu acest lucm.

toate aceste carti.

31.2. Daca vrem ca cmeva sa nu faca ceva, atunci verbului let i se adauga cuvantul de negatie not:
Let's not go there!

- Sa nu mergem acolo!

Let them not speak.

- Sa nu-i lasam sa vorbeasca.

31.3. Expresnle anii patruzeci, anii cincizeci se formeaza adaugand numeralului articolul hotarat
~i sufixul -es. Litera -y de la sfar~itul cuvantului se transfonna in -i, de exemplu:
..

the fifties

- ann cmClzeCl

the sixties

- anii

~aizeci

Aceste expresii pot fi scrise cu cifre in felul unnator:

the 80s

- the eighties

- anll optzeci

Daca vrem sa subliniem secolul, atunci data se scrie in felul unnator:

the 1830s

- the eighteen thirties

- anii

mie opt sute treizeci

the 1970s

- the nineteen seventies

- anii

mie noua sute

18

~aptezeci

3 1.4. Omiterea cuvantuIui one in cazuI in care

inlocuie~te

substantive:

in unnatoarele cazuri cuvantul one care inlocuie~te substantive care se repeta, poate fi omis:
1.

Dupa adjectivuI own

I won't give you my pen;
use your own.

2.

- Nu-ti voi da stiloul meu;

pe aI tau.

Dupa numerale cardinale:

I have three chairs and she has five. - Am trei scaune

3.

ea are cinci.

- Aceasta bicicleta nu este aHit de scumpa

ca a lui John.

Dupa pronumeIe some, any, these, those:

If you want cigarettes,
I can give you some.

5.

~i

Dupa genitivuI saxon

This bicycle is not so expensive
as John's.

4.

folose~te-l

- Daca vrei tigari,

iti pot da cateva.

Dupa forma de superlativ a adjectiveIor:

- Dintre toate ma~iniIe pe care Ie avem,
aceasta este cea mai rapida.

Of all the cars we have,

this is the fastest.

19

.......TEMA PENTRU ACAS.A 31

A

B.

c.

Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba romana:

I.

Let them not buy this expensive bicycle.

2.

In the '80s there were a lot of battles.

3.

They have two submarines and we have ten.

4.

She mustn't give us these towels.

5.

You needn't join the army.

6.

I wanted stamps but they didn't have any.

Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

I.

Nu-mi place aceasta idee. 0 prefer pe aceea.

2.

Oilatoriile in spatiu au inceput in anii treizeci.

3.

Nu avem voie sa facem

4.

Sa nu-Ilasam pe John sa se planga.

5.

Nu trebuie sa lupt in acest razboi.

6.

Acesta nu este bagajul meu, ci al Mariei.

Corectati

gre~elile

aceea~i gre~eala

de doua ori.

din urmatoarele propozitii:

1.

You needn't to go to school today. You can stay at home if you want.

2.

Let her not to open the window.

3.

I have one daughter and they have two ones.

4.

We met in the 1970.

5.

They don't needn't wear these trousers.

20

....--iil. ._ _

"
"
PARTEA INTAI

LECTIA
32
,

In continuare va vom prezenta alte cuvinte legate de razboi:

ritle

> [raitl]

tank

> [tEn(g)k]

- tanc

aircraft

> [ea'kra:ft]

- aVlOn, aVlOane

aircraft carrier

> [eilrkra:ft kEria']

- port-avion

anti-aircraft gun

> [Enti ea'kra:ft gan] - tun anti-aerian

ammunition

>

target

> [ta:'git]

- tinta

casualties

> [kEjiualtiz]

- pierderi, victime

measures

> [meja'z]

- masuri, dispozitii

bomber

> [boma']

- bombardier, avion de
bombardament

fighter

> [faitil r]

- avion de vanatoare

attack

> [atEk]

- atac, asalt

Exersati cuvinte1e noi

~i

aircraft carrier

> [earkra:ft kEria r]

- port-avion

attack

> [atEk]

- atac, asa1t

tank

> [tEn(g'k]

- tanc

measures

> [meja'z]

- masuri, dispozitii

ritle

> [raitl]

bomber

> lboma']

- bombardier, avion de
bombardament

aircraft

> [eil'kra:ft]

- avion, avioane

casualties

> [kEjiualtiz]

- pierderi, victime

ammunition

> l Emiuni~n]

- munitie

fighter

> l fait a']

- avion de vanatoare

anti-aircraft gun

> [Enti ea'kra: ft gan] - tun anti-aerian

target

> [ta:'git]

21

[Emiuni~n]

pu~ca

- munitie

Intr-o alta ordine:

pu~ca

- tinta

Acum urmariti folosirea cuvintelor noi in propozitii:

The soldiers are armed
wIth rifles.

> [D/a sauldp'z a r a:'md

uiD z ratflz]

- Soldatii sunt inarmati

eu pu~ti.

How many tanks has

the enemy got?

> [hau mcn) tEnlg)ks hEz

011 cnalnl got]

- Cite taneuri are inamieul?

Aircraft carriers are

enormous ships.

> l ea'kra:1t kEna'z a:'

- Port-avioanele sunt
vapoare enorrne.

Our aircraft have not

yet returned.

> [aua' eil'kra:ft hE\' not

let nta:'nd]

- Avioanele noastre nu
s-au intors inca.

We need more
anti-aircraft guns.

> [til: m:d mo"

Entl ca'kra.1t ganz]

- Avem nevoie de mai multe

tunuri anti-aeriene.

They are having troubles

with their ammunition.

>

A ship IS an easy target.

> [a

How many casualties were

there in that battle?

> [hall

- Cite vietime au fost

in aeea biitiilie?

We have to take
serious measures.

> [") hE\' tu teik

- Trebuie sa luam
masuri serioase.

Our bombers have hit

all the targets.

> [aua' boma'z hEv hIt

o'j D/a ta:'gits]

- Bombardierele noastre
au nimerit toate tintele.

We lost two fighters

yesterday.

> [" 1 lost tu. f alta' z

lesta' del]

- Jeri noi am pierdut doua

avioane de vfmatoare.

The attack came in

the early morning.

> [D/i [ltEk kcnTI 111

011 a:'iI l11o.rmn,g,]

- Ataeul a ineeput
dimineata devreme.

Illo:'mas ~lpS]

a:' hE\'m lel trablz

" I DI [YCI' El111Lll1isn]

[D/CI

~IP lZ

an i:Zl ta:'gltJ

I11Cl1l kEJlualtlz "a '

D/ea'In DIEt bEtl]

si lIas me)a'z]

- Ei au probleme
eu munitia lor.
- Un vapor este

----="'~-----

"The soldiers are armed with rifles"

22

tinta

u~oarii.

Sa exersam inca
corespunzatoare:

data cuvintele noi. Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cuvintele

Tunurile noastre anti-aeriene au fost nefolositoare. - Our> anti-aircraft guns were useless.
- The> bombers fly very high.

Bombardierele zboara la inaltime foarte mare.

Acestea sunt

pu~ti

- These are foreign> nfles.

straine.

Au fost putine victime.

- There were hardly any > casualties.

Au fost alese multe tinte industriale.

- Many industrial> targets were chosen.

S-au raportat doua avioane de vanatoare avariate.

- Two> fighterswere reported damaged.

Atacul va avea loc in ceata.

- The> attackwill be made in fog.

Ultimul lor port-avion

a fost scufundat in zori.

- Their last> aircraft carrier

was sunk at dawn.

Pe un port-avion este loc

pentru multe avioane.

- On an aircraft carrier there is space

for many> aircraft

Tancurile sunt sigure.

- The> tanks are reliable.

Aceste masuri nu sunt suficiente.

- These> measuresare not sufficient.

Nu avem munitie pentru aceste arme.

- We have no > ammunition for these weaports.

Acum traduceti in limba engleza cuvintele:

avion (avioane)

> aircraft

munitie

> ammunition

pierderi, victime

> casualtIes

bombardier

> bomber

atac, asalt

> attack

t inta

> target

tanc

> tank

port-avion

> aircraft carrier

masuri, dispozitii

> measures

avion de vanatoare

> fighter

pu~ca

> rifle

tun anti-aerian

> anti-aircraft gun

23

Acum ne yom reintoarce la 0 problema gramaticala discutata in lectia anterioara, ~i anume, genitivul
saxon.
Genitivul saxon se folose,~te inaintea substantivelor care exprima timpul sau distan!a, de exemplu:
Did you hear last night's news?

- Ai auzit

~tirile

There was a two hours' delay.

- A fost

intarziere de doua ore.

The building was a mile's distance from us.

- Cladirea era la 0 distanta de

de ieri seara?

mila de noi.

Nu uita!i sa adauga!i substantivului la singular sau plural apostroful $i litera sf

Sa aplicam aceasta regula in urmatorul exercitiu:
~tii

ceva despre intalnirea de saptamana trecuta?

> Do you know anythIng about last week's

meetmg?

~coala se afla la 0 distanta de un kilometru

jumatale de casa mea.

> The school

Cuno~ti

> Do you know last Monday's results?

IS

a mile's dIstance

fi om my house.

rezultatele de lunea trecuta?

Sa invatam ciiteva cuvinte noi:

military

>[mihtan]

- militar

defensive

>[dlfenslv]

- defensiv, de aparare

mlssmg

- disparut

hostile

> [hostad]

- ostil, inamic

jet

> [dJet]

- avion cu reactie

vulnerable (to)

> [valnarabl]

- vulnerabil, care poate fi atacat

In exercitiul urmator puteti urmari folosirea cuvintelor noi in propozitii. Cititi-le cu atentie ~i retineti
traducerea lor in limba romana:
Only military targets
are important.

> [aunl! mihtan ta,'glts

We took defensive measures.

> [lil. tuk dlfenslv meJa'z]

- Am luat masuri de aparare.

Twenty soldiers are

reported missing.

> [tUentl sauld,a'z a r

- S-a raportat disparitia a

douazeci de soldati.

No hostile fighters were seen

that day.

> l nau hostal1 falta'z Ua,l si:n

Heavy jet bombers will be

necessary for those targets.

> [he\ I dIet boma'z lid bl:

Tanks are vulnerable to some

kinds of aircraft.

> [1[n1e1ks a I valnalabl tu

- Doar tintele militare

sunt importante.

a:' unpo:'tant]

J Ipoltld

mism lgl ]

DIEt del]

neSlsal1 to' !Yauzta 'glts]

kallldz a\ ea'kJa It]

24

S3m

- Nu au fost vazute avioane

de vanatoare inamice in acea zi.
- Sunt necesare avioane de
bombardament cu reactie pentru
acele tinte.
- Tancurile sunt vulnerabile fata de
unele tipuri de avioane.

Acum completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele noi:

Avioanele lor de viinatoare cu reactie
sunt foarte rapide.

- Their >jet fighters are very fast. .-

Au disparut cinci avioane.

- Five planes are >missing

Multe cladiri militare sunt avariate.

- Many >military buildings are damaged.

Vapoarele sunt vulnerabile la atacurile

submarinelor.

- Ships are >vulnerable to attacks

by submarines.

Bombardierele inamice sunt inarmate.

- The >hostll e bombers are armed.

Vom avea nevoie de mai multe arme defensive.

- We shall need more >defensive weapons.

Jar acum urmeazii douii expresii f%site des in /imba eng/ezil:

to be interested in

> [tu bi: intrastid in]

- a fi interesat(a) de/sa...

to be afraid of

>[tu bi: afrc/d av]

- a se teme de

Aceste expresii se folosesc la toate timpurile din limba englezii, prin cOlljugarea corespullziltoare a
verbului to be.

De exemplu:
They are interested in buying your house.

- Sunt interesati sa cumpere casa tao

I am afraid of big dogs.

- Mi-e friea de ciiinii mario

How long have you been interested in weapons?

- De ciind te intereseaza armele?

They were afraid of the enemy.

- Le-a fast frica de du~man.

Pentru a exersa folosirea eelor doua expresii, traduce1i in limba engleza urmatoarele propozi1ii:
Ma intereseaza submarineIe.

> I am interested in submarines.

De ce ti-e frica de mine?

> Why are you afraId of me')

Te intereseaza aceasta

> Arc you interested in this news?

~tire?

ered ca a va interesa.

> I think she will be 1l1terestcd in it.

Pe parintii mei nu-i intereseaza prietenii mei.

> My parents are not interested in my friends.

Le-a fast frica de eel de-al doilea atac.

> They were afraid of the second attack.

25

Yom invata ultimele verbe noi din aceasta lectie:

to destroy

> [tu (lIstJ oi]

- a distruge, a darama

to bomb

> [tu bom]

- a bombarda

to bring down

> [tu brin lgl daun]

- a dobori (un avion etc.)

to take off

> [tu te/k of]

- a decola,

to attack

> [tll atEk]

- a ataca, a asalta

to defend

> [tu (Mend]

- a apara

to receive

> l tll nsi v]

- aprnm

to carry

> l tll kElI]

- a transporta, a duce

a-~i

lua zborul

lata folosirea verbelor noi in lIrmatoarele propozitiJ:

Many factories were
destroyed III the attack.

> [menl fEktanz tla:'

dlstlO/d In IYI atEk]

- Au fost distruse multe fabrici in

timpul atacului.

The enemy bombed

our capital.

> lO"l cnal1ll bomd

alia' kEpltl]

- lnamicul a bombardat
capitala noastra.

They have brought down

three of our aircraft.

> [O/el hEv bro:t dalln

T'll av aua' ca'kJa:ft]

- Au doborat trei dintre

avioanele noastre.

The fighters have attacked

the tanks.

> [O/a fa/ta'z hEy atckt

IYa I En lg 'ks]

- Avioanele de vanatoare au atacat

tancurile.

The planes took off from

the aircraft carrier.

> [IVa plell1Z tuk ortrom

f)ll ea'kra:ft kEnai]

- Avioanele au decolat de pe
vasul purtator de avioane.

We defended the capital

as long as possible.

> [til. dIfcmhd D/a kEpltl

Ez lon,e) Ez ]1oslbl]

- Noi am aparat capitala cat

mai mult timp posibil.

Three ships carrying

ammunition were sunk.

> [ r'n. ~lPS kElIlIl le )

Em/llni~ntla:' san1glk]

- Trei vapoare, care transportau

munitie au fost scufundate.

I receIved a letter yesterday.

> [ai nsi:vd a leta' Icsta'de/]

- leri am primit 0 scrisoare.

Completati propozitiIie urmatoarele cu verbele corespunzatoare:

Ne putem apara portunle?

- Can we >dcfend our harbours?

Avioanele s-au inaltat in direetia vantului.

- The planes >took off into the wind.

Au bombardat avioanele noastre de vanatoare

inainte ca ele sa poata decola.

- They >bombed our fighters

before they could take off.

Jumatate din tancuri au fost distruse

in primele cateva minute.

- Halfofthe tanks were >deslloycd

in the first few minutes.

Yestea pe care am primit-o este ingrozitoare.

- The news I have >ICCl'!\ cd is awful.

26

Tunurile anti-aeriene au doboriit

multe avioane.

- The anti-aircraft guns have> broughtdown

many aircraft.

Bombardierele au atacat de doua ori In acea zi.

- The bombers> attackedtwice that day.

Ele pot transporta bombele cele mai grele.

- They can> can") the heaviest bombs.

In Incheierea acestui ~ir de exercitii, traduceli In limba engleza urmatoarele cuvinte:

a transporta, a duce

> to carry

a apara

> to defend

apnml

> to receive

a ataca

> to attack

a decola

> to take off

a doborl

> to bring down

a bombarda

> to bomb

a distruge

> to destroy

Iar acum sa ne Intoarcem la pronumele

~i

adjectivul pronominal any.

Adjeetivul pronominal any se folose~te ~i in propozi!ii afirmative. in aeest caz inseamii: orice,
oricare, ~i se folose~te pentru determinarea persoQnelor :;;i obiectelor.

Any child knows the answer

to that question.

- Orice copil ~tie raspunsul

la aceasta Intrebare.

He will take any room you can

offer to him.

- Va accepta orice camera pe care poli

sa i-o feri.

You can come any day.

- Poli veni In orice zi.

Vii prezentiim

~i formele

pronominale compuse ale acestui cuvant:

anybody

> [ embodl]

- oricine, oricare

anyone

> [eni"anj

- oricine, orieare

anything

> [eniT'in(g)j

- once

anywhere

> l cI1l U ea']

- oriunde, In oriee loe

lata ciiteva exemple:

Anybody can tell you that.

- Oricine 11i poate spune asta.

You can give it to anyone you meet there.

- Poti sa dai asta oricarei persoane pe care

o Intiilne~ti acolo.

Those people will do anything for money.

- Oamenii aceia vor face orice pentru bani.

You can put that chair anywhere.

- Poti pune oriunde scaunul acesta.

27

in exercitiul unnator vom exersa utilizarea adjectivului pronominal any ~i a fonnelor sale compuse.
Traduceti propozltlile in Iimba engleza:
Orice camera este destul de buna pentm mine.

> Any room IS good enough for me.

Poate fi folosit in orice tara.

> It can be used m any country.

Orice carte cumparata va fi impachetata

frumos.

> Any book that IS bought wIll be wrapped up

nJCe!y.

Oricine poate vedea ca acele flori

nu sunt proaspete.

> Anybody can see that those flowers

,II e not fresh.

Oricine a fost acolo,

este traficul.

~tie

> Anyone who has been there knows how much

cat de intens

hallic there IS.

Poate fi Iacut cu orice lucru ascutit.

> It can be done wIth anythmg that is sharp.

Criminalul se poate ascunde oriunde.

> The cnmmal can be hldmg anywhere.

lata ~i ultimul exercitiu de traducere din aceasta parte a lectiei. Traduceti propozitiile unnatoare in
limba engleza:
Pu~tile

pe care Ie folositi sunt mai bune

decat acestea.

> The nfles you ale using are better

than these.

Dintre toate tancurile pe care Ie-am condus,

acesta este cel mai rapid.

> Of a]] the tanks I have driven,

thIS IS the fastest.

Orice bombardier poate fi doborat.

> Any bombel can be blought down.

Oricine poate nimeri aceasta tinta.

> Anybody can hit thIS target.

Atacul poate incepe oriunde.

> The attack can start anywhere.

Dintre toate tintele pe care trebuia sa Ie aparam,

acesta este cea mai vulnerabila.

> Of a]] the tal gets \\ e have to defend,

thIS IS the most vulnerable.

Daca aliatii no~tri au nevoie de bombardiere,

putem sa Ie dam cateva.

> If our al lIes need bombers,

we can gIve them some.

Aceste cauciucuri sunt cele mai bune.

> These tyres are the best.

Orice masura de aparare ne va ajuta.

> Any defensIve measure wIll help.

Te intereseaza aceste fapte?

> Are you interested m these facts?

in incheierea lectiei, unneaza obi~nuitul exercitiu de pronuntie:

[eJ

[EJ

[a1J

[IJ

jet

casualties

rifle

military

defend

attack

fighter

missing

measure

carry

light

civilian

trench

tactical

time

bring

send

matter

find

sink

28

LECTIA
32 - PARTEA A nOVA
,
Cititi cu atentie unnatorul dialog:
Mary:

Every day when you read the morning papers, there is news about all kinds of wars, isn't
it, Peter?

Peter:

Well, yes. But is it bad? In this way we cannot forget that while we ourselves are living in
peace, things are not so good for a lot of other people.

Mary:

Why is it that people cannot live peacefully for a longer time?

Peter:

This question is hard to answer. it must be something deep within us.

Mary:

Is there anything we can do about it?

Peter:

I really don't know. Some people say that we have to destroy all weapons and close ,the
factories that make them.

Mary:

But things don't work that way.

Barbara: I agree with what Mary just said, and you John?
John:

There will always be people who will do anything for money.

Barbara: I guess so, but other people say that negotiating is the answer. But it often happens that
people finish negotiations when it seems they are getting less than the others.
John:

lata-ne

We have to try to be good to other people and in the meantime remember what has often
been said: if you want peace you have to be prepared to fight.

ajun~i

la ultimul exercitiu al cursului. Ca de obicei, traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza:

EI a crezut ca nu vor fi reclamatii,

dar au fast patru.

> He thought there would be no complaints,

~tiu

> I know your Ideas are better than my own.

but there were four.

ca ideile tale sunt mai bune deciit ale mele.

A trebuit sa cautam port-avioane,

dar nu am gasit niciunul.

> We had to look for aircraft carriers,

Mi-am pierdut pu~ca

> I had lost my ov.n rifle and took Mark's.

~i

but we dIdn't find any.

am luat-o pe a lui Mark.

Nu crede ca un tanc poate fi fa losit oriunde!

Oricine poate vedea ca
va pierde razboiul.

> Don't think that a tank can be used anywhere!

> Anybody can see that the enemy

du~manul

Oricine poate transporta aceste

IS

cartu~e.

losing the war.

> Anybody can carry these cartridges.

29

> Any jet bomber can destroy

Orice bombardier cu reaqie poate distruge

aceIe ,inte.

those targets.

Ei au decolat pentru a ataca fabrici de

muni~ie,

> They took off to aUclck ammUnItIon factones.

Ce s-a decis in leg.1Ima cu

anneIe nucleare?

> What has been dccJ(led about

nuclear \\ capons'?

Nu trebuie sa folosim bomba atomica.

> We mustn't use the atom-bomb.

Alia~ii no~tri

> Our allIes have surrendered.

au capitulat.

Ce anne defensive au
bombardierele lor?

> What defenSIve weapons have

thell bombers got'!

Doua avioane ale flotei militare, au disparut

dupa lupta aeriana.

> Two naval aIrcraft \\ ere mlssmg

Care dintre navele lor este cea mai vulnerabila?

> Willch of thell ships is the most vulnerable'?

S-a tras

~i

aftcr the

~m

battle.

> Also CIvIlian planes were fired at.

asupra avioanelor civile.

Ai observat numarul mare de tun uri

anti-aeriene?

> !-la\ e

Ei au intrat in marina militara.

> They ha\ e Jomed the navy.

Acum nu trebuie sa-i cautam.

> We needn't look for them now.

Nu sunt cunoscute inca toate faptele legate

de acel razboi.

> All the j~ll'(.; about that \\'ar ale not

yet kncJ\\ Jl

gre~eli

> A fe\\ tactIcal mIstakes were made.

S-au facut pu,ine

)'LlU notIced the large numbcI of

anti-anu aft guns')

tactice.

> Let them not taik about wcapons'

Nu-i lasa vorbeasca despre anne!

S-au construit multe avioane In anii

~aptezeci.

> In the 70s (Sl'\ cntles) a'lot oLmcraft \H're btult.

> Are you lI1terestcd

Te intereseaza aceste masuri?

"I had lost my own rifle and took Mark's."

30

111

these meaSlil es'.)

RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI
32

32.1. Alte cazuri de folosire a genitivului saxon

Genitivul saxon se
exemplu:

folose~te ~i

inaintea substantivelor care exprima timpul

~i

distanta, de

Did you hear last night's news?

- Ai auzit

ve~tile

There was a two hours' delay.

- A fost

intarziere de doua ore.

The building was at a mile's distance

from our house.

- Cladirea era la 0 distanta de

de casa noastra.

32.2. Cuvantul any

I.

~i

mila

formele sale compuse

Adjectivul pronominal any se folosqte ~i in propozitii afirmative. In acest caz inseamna:

orice, oricare:
- Orice copil ~tie raspunsul
la intrebarea asta.

Any child knows the answer

to that question.
2.

din seara trecuta?

Formele compuse ce deriva de la any sunt:

anybody

- oricine, oricare

anyone

- oricine, oricare

anything

- orice

anywhere

- oriunde, in orice loc

Anybody can tell you that.

- Oricine iti poate spune asta.

You can give it to anyone

you meet there.

- Poti sa dai asta oricareia dintre

persoanele eu care te intalne~ti aeolo.

Those people will do anything

for money.

- Oamenii aceia vor face orice

pentru bani.

You can put that chair anywhere.

- Poti pune oriunde scaunul acela.

31

TEMA PENTRU ACASA 32

A.

B.

Traduceti urmatoarele propozitli in limba romana:

I.

A lot of aircraft joined the battle.

2.

Your ten minutes' speech was interesting.

3.

Anybody can tell you about Jane.

4.

Have you read yesterday's newspaper?

5.

We met a lot of hostile people there.

6.

I'm afraid it can be anywhere.

Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

I.

Razboiul a inceput dupa doi ani de pace.

2.

Ne-am intors acasa infometatl dupa patru ore de plimbare.

3.

Grice soldat

4.

Intreaba pe oricine!

5.

Poti primi orice la micul dejun.

6.

Voi lua orice carte imi vei imprumuta.

C.

cunoa~te aceste

fapte.

Alegeti raspunsul corect dintre cele trei variante

I.

. .. can tell you where it is.

a. Anybody
b. None
c. Anything

2.

After a ... travel we came to Madrid.

a. two days
b. two day's
c. two days'

3.

The ... news is very good.

a. last week
b. last week's
c. last weeks'

32

~i

completati propozitiile urmatoare:

VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR
31 SI
,
, 32
abstract

> [EbstrEkt]

- abstract

to be afraid of

> [tu bi: afreld av]

- a se teme de, a avea frica de

to agree

> [tuagri.]

- a accepta, a fi de acord,
a fi de aceea~i
parere

aircraft

> [ea'kra:ft]

- avion, avioane

aircraft carrier

> [ea'kra:ft kEria']

- port-avion

air force

> [ca' fo:' s]

- foI1a aeriana

ally

> [Elal]

- aliat

ammunition

>

anti-aircraft gun

> [anti ea'kra:ft gan]

- tun anti-aerian

any

> [em J

- orice, oncare

anybody

> (enihodl]

- oncme, oncare

anyone

> [emUan]

- oricine, oricare

anything

> [eniT'm lgl ]

- orice

anywhere

> [eniUca']

- in orice loc, oriunde

to ann

> [tua:'m]

- a inarma, a se inarma

armoured

> [a:'ma'dJ

- blindat, armat

army

> [a:'mi]

- armata

atom-bomb

> [Etam bom]

- bomba atomica

attack

> [atEk]

- atac, asalt

to attack

>[tuatEk]

- a ataca, a asalta

battle

> [bEtl]

- batalie, lupta

to bomb

> [tu bom]

- a bombarda

bomber

> [boma']

- borbardier, avion de
bombardament

to bring down

> [tu brin(g) daunJ

- a dobori (un avion etc.)

to carry

> [tu kEri]

- a duce, a transporta

cartridge

> (ka:'tridJ]

casualties

> [kEjlllaltIz]

- pierderi, victime

civilian

> [51\ ilran]

- civil

to complain

> [IU kamplein]

- a se plange, a reclama

[Emluni~n]

- munitie

33

cartU~

complaint

> [kampleint]

- nemultumire, plfmgere,
reclamatie

concrete

> [konkn:t]

- concret, palpabil

to decide

> [tu disaid]

- a decide, a hoUiri

decisive

> [dlsa/slv]

- hotarator, decisiv

to defend

> [tu dlfend]

- a apara

defensive

> [dlfenslv]

- defenslv, de aparare

to destroy

> [tu dlstro/]

- a distruge, a darama

to disagree

> [tu dlsagIi:]

- a nu fi de acord, a nu accepta

enemy

> [enaml]

fact

> l fEkt]

- fapt, intamplare

to fight

> [tu fail]

- a (se) lupta, a se bate cu

fighter

> [fa/tar]

- luptator, avion de vanatoare

to fire (at)

> [tu fa/a']

- a trage (cu 0 anna)

hostile

> [hostaJ!]

- ostil; inamic

idea

> [a/dia]

- idee

incident

> l insldant]

- incident, intamplare

to be interested in

>[tutll intrastld 111]

- a (se) interesa de

jet

> [dJet]

- avion cu reaqle

to join

> [tu dlOIl1]

- a se uni, a se asocia

live

> [la/v]

- viu, intens

luggage

> [lagldJJ

- bagaj

matter

> [mEta'J

- chestiune, problema, treaba

to matter

> [tu mEta']

- a conta, a avea importanta

measures

> lmela' z]

- masuri, dispozitii

military

> [miiItan]

- militar

mlssmg

>

mistake

> [mlste/k]

mustn't

> [masnt]

- a nu avea voie, a nu fi pennis,

a fi interzis

naval

>lnelvl]

- naval, maritim

lmisml~l]

du~man,

inamic

- disparut

34

gre~eala,eroare

navy

> [neivl]

- flota maritima, marina militara

needn't

> [ni:dnt]

- nu trebuie, nu e cazul

to notice

> [tu nalltis]

- a observa, a baga In seama

nuclear

> [nlU:klia']

- nuclear

object

> [obdjlkt]

- obiect, scop

objective

> [abdJcktiv]

- obiectiv, nepartinitor

peace

> [pi:s]

- pace

peaceful

> [pi:sfal]

presently

> [prezantll]

- imediat, indata -

to receive

> [tu risi:v]

- a primi, a lua

rifle

> [raJtl]

to sink

> [tu sin(glk]

- a (se) scufunda

soldier

> [sauld]a r ]

- soldat

space

> [speis]

- spaliu, univers

space travel

> [speJS trEvI]

- calatorie in spaliu

submarine

> [sabman:n]

- submarin

to surrender

> [tll sMcnda r ]

- a capitula, a se preda

tactical

> [tEktikl]

- tactic

to take off

> [tll telk of]

- a decola,

tank

> [tEn(Clk]

- tane

target

> [ta:'git]

- linta

trench

>

urgent

> [a:'djant]

- urgent

vulnerable (to)

> [valnarabl]

- vulnerabil

war

> [U o :']

- razboi

weapon

> [U epn ]

- anna

[trent~]

35

pa~nic,

calm,

lini~tit

pu~ca

a-~i

tran~eu

lua zborul