Phuong Trinh Song

AI HOC QUOC GIA TP.
HO CH MINH
TRNG AI HOC KHOA HOC T NHIEN
LE HU KY SN
PHNG TRNH SONG PHI TUYEN VI

IEU KIEN BIEN PHI TUYEN: TNH TRN
VA KHAI TRIEN TIEM CAN CUA NGHIEM
YEU
LUAN VAN THAC S TOAN HOC
Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh - 2011
AI HOC QUOC GIA TP. HO CH MINH

TRNG AI HOC KHOA HOC T NHIEN
LE HU KY SN
PHNG TRNH SONG PHI TUYEN VI

IEU KIEN BIEN PHI TUYEN: TNH TRN
VA KHAI TRIEN TIEM CAN CUA NGHIEM
YEU
LUAN VAN THAC S TOAN HOC
Chuyen nganh: Toan Giai Tch
Ma so: 60 46 01
NGI HNG DAN KHOA HOC

TS. TRAN MINH THUYET
ai hoc Kinh Te Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh
Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh - 2011
Luan van thac s toan hoc - Chuyen nganh Giai Tch
Trang 3
LI CAM N
Li au tien, toi xin tran trong knh gi en Thay TS. Tran Minh Thuyet li cam n sau
sac nhat ve s tan tam hng dan va ch bao cua thay trong suot qua trnh lam luan van. Qua
o toi a hoc c t thay nhieu ieu bo ch.
Xin tran trong cam n Thay TS. Nguyen Thanh Long a tao ieu kien cho toi tham gia
nhom hoc thuat, a oc va ong gop nhieu y kien quy bau cho luan van cua toi.
Xin tran trong cam n quy Thay - Co trong hoi ong cham luan van Thac s a danh thi
gi quy bau e oc va gop y cho luan van cua toi.
Xin chan thanh cam n quy Thay - Co thuoc Khoa Toan - Tin Trng, ai Hoc Khoa Hoc
T Nhien, ai Hoc Quoc Gia Thanh Pho Ho Ch Minh, a tan tnh truyen at kien thc cho
toi trong suot thi gian toi hoc tap.
Xin chan thanh cam n quy Thay - Co thuoc Phong quan ly sau ai Hoc, Trng ai Hoc
Khoa Hoc T Nhien, ai Hoc Quoc Gia Thanh Pho Ho Ch Minh, a tao moi ieu kien thuan
li e toi co the hoan tat khoa hoc.
Xin cam n anh Pham Thanh Sn a rat nhiet tnh, ong vien, quan tam, giup toi trong
suot qua trnh lam luan van.
Xin cam n cac ban lp cao hoc giai tch khoa 18 a ong vien giup toi rat nhieu trong
suot khoa hoc.
Li than thng nhat xin c gi en gia nh toi va ngi ban gai, ni a ong vien, lo
lang, tao cho toi moi ieu kien thuan li e hoc tap va hoan thanh luan van nay.
Toi rat mong nhan c s ch bao quy bau cua quy Thay - Co va nhng ong gop cua cac
ban ong mon. Tran trong va chan thanh cam n.
Le Hu Ky Sn - Cao hoc Giai Tch K18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trang 3
Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh, ngay 20 thang 11 nam 2010

Tac gia
Le Hu Ky Sn
MUC LUC
Li noi au
1 KIEN THC CHUAN B
12
1.1
Mot so khong gian ham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2
Khong gian ham Lp (0, T ; X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3
Phan bo co tr vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.4
ao ham trong Lp (0, T ; X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.5
Bo e ve tnh compact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.6
Bo e ve s hoi tu yeu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.7
Bo e Gronwall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.8
nh ly Ascoli-Arzela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.9
nh ly Schauder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2 S TON TAI VA DUY NHAT NGHIEM YEU CUA BAI TOAN VI NHOM IEU KIEN
TH NHAT
20
5
Trang 6
Luan van toan hoc
3 S TON TAI VA DUY NHAT NGHIEM YEU CUA BAI TOAN VI NHOM IEU KIEN
TH HAI
33
4 KHAI TRIEN TIEM CAN CUA NGHIEM YEU THEO BA THAM SO BE (, 0 , 1 )
42
Ket luan
56
Tai lieu tham khao
58
Li noi au
Trong luan van nay, chung toi xet bai toan gia tr bien va ban au cho phng trnh song
phi tuyen
utt uxx + |u|2 u = f (x, t), 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,
u(0, t) = 0,
ux (0, t) ut (0, t) 0 |u(0, t)|
(1)
(2)
u (1, t) + u (1, t) + |u(1, t)|2 u(1, t) = 0,

x
t
1
u(x, 0) = u
e0 (x), ut (x, 0) = u
e1 (x),
(3)
trong o , , > 1, , 0 , 1 > 0 cac hang so, u

e0 , u
e1 , f la cac ham cho trc cac ieu kien
ma ta se ch ra sau.
Bai toan (1) - (3) co nhieu y ngha trong C hoc ma nhieu nha Toan hoc quan tam nghien
cu trong thi gian gan ay [1], [2], [5] - [14].
Trong [5], Nguyen Thanh Long va Alain Pham Ngoc nh a nghien cu bai toan
utt uxx + f (u, ut ) = 0, 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,
ux (0, t) hu (0, t) = g (t) , u (1, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = u
0 (x), ut (x, 0) = u
1 (x),
trong o h > 0 la mot hang so cho trc va f, g, u

0 , u
1 la cac ham cho trc.
7
(4)
Trang 8
Luan van toan hoc
Trong [1], Nguyen Thuc An va Nguyen nh Trieu a nghien cu bai toan
utt uxx + ut + Ku = F (x, t), 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,
Z t
k (t s) u (0, s) ds,
ux (0, t) = g(t) + K1 u(0, t)
0
(5)
u(1, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = u
1 (x),
0 (x), ut (x, 0) = u
trong o K 0, 0, K1 > 0,la cac hang so cho trc, g(t), k(t), u
0 (x), u
1 (x), la cac ham
cho trc. Trong trng hp nay, bai toan (5), la mo hnh toan hoc mo ta va cham cua mot vat
ran vao mot thanh an hoi nht ta tren mot nen cng.
Trong [2], Bergounioux, Nguyen Thanh Long va Alain Pham Ngoc nh a nghien cu bai
toan (5)1,2,4 vi ieu kien bien tai x = 1 la
ux (1, t) + K1 u(1, t) + 1 ut (1, t) = 0,
(6)
trong o K1 0, 1 > 0 la cac hang so cho trc.

Trong [7], Nguyen Thanh Long, Alain Pham Ngoc nh, Tran Ngoc Diem a thu c s ton
tai duy nhat, tnh trn va khai trien tiem can cua bai toan
p2
utt (t)uxx + K |u|
q2
u + |ut |
ut = F (x, t), 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,
(7)
u0 , u
1 )
vi cac ieu kien bien va ieu kien au (3), (5)2 , (6) trong o K, 0, p, q 2 va (
H 2 H 1.
Trong [8], cac tac gia Nguyen Thanh Long, Tran Minh Thuyet a xem xet bai toan phng
trnh song phi tuyen
utt uxx + f (u, ut ) = 0, 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,
ux (0, t) = P (t) , u (1, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = u
(x), u (x, 0) = u
(x),
0
(8)
Trang 9
trong o u0 , u1 , f la cac ham cho trc, ham an u(x, t) va ham gia tr bien cha biet P (t) thoa
man phng trnh tch phan phi tuyen sau
Z
P (t) = g (t) + H (u (0, t))
k (t s) u (0, s) ds,
0
vi g, H, k la cac ham cho trc. Cac tac gia cung a chng minh s ton tai va duy nhat nghiem
yeu cua bai toan va tnh on nh cua nghiem (u, P ) ng vi cac ham g, H va k.
Trong [12], Le Th Phng Ngoc, Le Nguyen Kim Hang, Nguyen Thanh Long a xet bai toan
utt x
((x, t)ux ) + ut + F (u) = 0, 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,
Z t
(t)ux (0, t) = g0 (t) +

k0 (t s) u (0, s) ds,
0
(9)
Z t
(t)ux (1, t) = g1 (t) +

k1 (t s) u (1, s) ds,
u(x, 0) = u
0 (x), ut (x, 0) = u
1 (x),
trong o (x, t), g0 (t), g1 (t), k0 (t), k1 (t), F la cac ham cho trc va > 0 la mot hang so cho
trc.
Trong [9], Nguyen Thanh Long, Nguyen Cong Tam va Nguyen Th Thao Truc a xem xet
bai toan bien cho phng trnh song phi tuyen
utt uxx = f (x, t, u, ux , ut ) , 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,
ux (0, t) h0 u (0, t) = g0 (t) , u (1, t) = g1 (t) ,
u(x, 0) = u
0 (x), ut (x, 0) = u
1 (x),
(10)
trong o h0 > 0 la mot hang so cho trc va f, g0 , g1 , u

0 , u
1 la cac ham cho trc. Cac tac
gia a s dung mot thuat giai xap x tuyen tnh ma trong o s ton tai va duy nhat cua nghiem
a phng c chng minh bang phng phap compact. ac biet, neu g0 , g1 C 3 (R+ ) ,

f C N +1 [0, 1] R+ R3 , f1 C N [0, 1] R+ R3 , cac tac gia cung ch ra c rang
nghiem yeu u (x, t) cua phng trnh utt uxx = f (x, t, u, ux , ut ) + f1 (x, t, u, ux , ut ) vi
Trang 10
Luan van toan hoc
cac ieu kien bien va ieu kien au (10)2,3 co mot khai trien tiem can en cap N + 1 theo ,
vi u nho.
Trong [13], cac tac gia Le Th Phng Ngoc, Le Khanh Luan, Tran Minh Thuyet, Nguyen
Thanh Long a xet bai toan
utt x
( (u) ux ) = f (x, t, u, ux , ut ) , 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,
ux (0, t) = g (t) , u (1, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = u
0 (x), ut (x, 0) = u
1 (x),
(11)
vi u
0 , u
1 , , f, g la cac ham cho trc. Cac tac gia a lien ket bai toan vi mot thuat giai lap
tuyen tnh ma trong o s ton tai va duy nhat cua nghiem a phng a c chng minh bang
cach ap dung phng phap Faedo - Galerkin va phng phap compact yeu. Trong trng hp,
C N +2 (R) , 1 C N +1 (R) , (z) 0 > 0, 1 (z) 0, vi moi z R va g C 3 (R+ ) ,

f C N +1 [0, 1] R+ R3 , f1 C N [0, 1] R+ R3 th nghiem yeu u1 ,2 (x, t) cua bai
toan
utt
([ (u) + 1 1 (u)] ux ) = f (x, t, u, ux , ut )

+2 f1 (x, t, u, ux , ut ) , 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,
(12)
ux (0, t) = g (t) , u (1, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = u
0 (x), ut (x, 0) = u
1 (x).
Luan van ngoai phan m au, luan van gom 04 chng nh sau:
CHNG 1. Trnh bay mot so ket qua chuan b bao gom viec nhac lai mot so khong gian
ham, mot so ket qua ve cac phep nhung compact gia cac khong gian ham.
CHNG 2. S ton tai va duy nhat nghiem yeu cua bai toan (1) - (3) ng vi (e
u0 ,
u
e1 ) H 1 (0, 1) L2 (0, 1) cung vi mot so ieu kien phu.
CHNG 3. S ton tai va duy nhat nghiem yeu cua bai toan (1) - (3) ng vi (e
u0 ,
u
e1 ) H 2 (0, 1) H 1 (0, 1) cung vi mot so ieu kien phu.
Le Hu Ky Sn - Cao hoc Giai Tch K18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trang 10
Trang 11
CHNG 4. Nghien cu khai trien tiem can yeu u cua bai toan (1) -- (3) theo ba tham so
be , 0 , 1 , co ngha la co the xap x nghiem u bi mot a thc theo ba bien , 0 , 1 :
u(x, t)
i+j+kN
u
bijk (x, t)i j0 , k1 ,
(13)
theo ngha can phai ch ra cac ham u

bijk (x, t), 0 i + j + k N va thiet lap anh gia

p
N +1
P

i j
k
2
2
2
,
+ 0 + 1
bijk 0 , 1 CN
u i+j+kN u
(14)
theo mot chuan thch hp kk , vi hai tham so dng , 0 , 1 u be, cac hang so CN oc
lap vi hai tham so be tham so be , 0 , 1 .
Ke en la phan ket luan va sau cung la danh muc cac tai lieu tham khao.
CHNG 1
KIEN THC CHUAN B

1.1
Mot so khong gian ham
Trong toan bo luan van nay, ky hieu = (0, 1), QT = (0, T ), T > 0 va bo qua cac nh
ngha ve cac khong gian ham C m (), Lp (), W m,p () (chi tiet co the xem trong [3]). e cho
gon, ta ky hieu lai nh sau:
Lp W 0,p (), W m,p W m,p (), H m W m,2 (), 1 p , m N
Ta cung dung cac k hieu u(t), u0 (t) ut (t) u(t),
u00 (t) utt (t) u

(t), ux (t), uxx (t)
2
2
u
u
u
u
(x, t),
(x, t),
(x, t),
(x, t).
e ch lan lt u(x, t),
2
t
t
x
x2
Ta ky hieu h, i e ch tch vo hng tren khong gian L2 c xac nh bi
Z 1
hu, vi =
u(x)v(x)dx, u, v L2 ,
(1.1)
va || || la chuan sinh bi tch vo hng (1.1), tc la

Z 1
21
p
2
||u|| = hu, ui =
u (x)dx,
u, v L2
(1.2)
Ta cung ky hieu h, iH 0 ,H e ch cap tch oi ngau gia mot phiem ham tuyen tnh lien tuc
12
Trang 13

tren khong gian Hilbert vi mot phan t thuoc khong gian o.
Ta nh ngha cac khong gian Hilbert H 1 , H 2 lan lt la
H1
= {v L2 : vx L2 },
(1.3)
H2
= {v L2 : vx , vxx L2 },
(1.4)
vi tch vo hng c nh ngha tng ng la h, iH 1 va h, iH 2 , xac nh bi

hu, viH 1
= hu, vi + hux , vx i,
(1.5)
hu, viH 2
= hu, vi + hux , vx i + huxx , vxx i.
(1.6)
Ta cung k hieu || ||H 1 , || ||H 2 e ch chuan tren H 1 , H 2 cam sinh bi tch vo hng (1.5)
va (1.6) tc la
||u||H 1
||u||H 2
||u||2 + ||ux ||2
21
, u H 1 ,
1
||u||2 + ||ux ||2 + ||uxx ||2 2 , u H 2 .
(1.7)
(1.8)
Khi o, ta co bo e sau
Bo e 1.1. Phep nhung H 1 , C 0 () la compact va
||v||C 0 ()
2||v||H 1 , v H 1 .
(1.9)
Chng minh
Vi moi v H 1 , x, y [0, 1], ta co
x
Z
|v(x)| = |v(y) +
vt (t)dt|
y
1
|vx (x)|dx.
|v(y)| +
(1.10)
Do o
2
v (x) 2v (y) + 2
|vx (x)|2 dx
2v (y) + 2||vx ||2 .
(1.11)
Trang 14
Luan van toan hoc
Tch phan (1.11) theo bien y, can t 0 en 1, ta c

v 2 (x) 2||v||2 + 2||vx ||2 = 2||v||2H 1 .
(1.12)
Suy ra
|v(x)|
(1.13)
2||v||H 1 ,
do o
||v||C 0 ()
2||v||H 1 , v H 1 .
(1.14)
Bo e 1.1 c chng minh xong.

Bo e 1.2. ong nhat L2 vi khong gian oi ngau (L2 )0 cua no. Khi o ta co H 1 , L2
(L2 )0 , (H 1 )0 vi cac phep nhung lien tuc va tru mat.
Chng minh
De thay H 1 nhung lien tuc va tru mat trong L2 theo (1.3). Ta chng minh L2 nhung lien
tuc trong (H 1 )0 bang anh xa T nao o va T (L2 ) tru mat trong (H 1 )0 .
au tien, vi moi L2 ta de dang thay anh xa
T : H 1
R
Z
T (v) =
(x)v(x)dx
(1.15)
tuyen tnh lien tuc tren H 1 . Do o T (H 1 )0 .

Xet anh xa
T : L2
(H 1 )0
T () T
(1.16)
trong o T c xac nh (1.15) va hT , vi(H 1 )0 ,H 1 = h, vi.

Ta se chng minh T thoa cac tnh chat sau:
Trang 15

(T1 ) T la n anh, tuyen tnh,
(T2 ) T lien tuc tren L2 ,
(T3 ) T (L2 ) tru mat trong (H 1 )0 .
Chng minh (T1 )
De thay T tuyen tnh tren L2 . Gia s T () = T = 0, suy ra
hT , vi(H 1 )0 ,H 1 = h, vi = 0, v H 1 .
(1.17)
Mat khac, H 1 tru mat trong L2 nen ta viet lai (1.17) rang
h, vi = 0, v L2 .
(1.18)
T (1.18), suy ra = 0.
Vay T la n anh, tc T la mot phep nhung t L2 vao (H 1 )0 .
Chng minh (T2 )
Do T tuyen tnh tren L2 nen e chng minh T lien tuc tren L2 ta ch can chng minh T
b chan. That vay, vi moi L2 , ta co
||T ||(H 1 )0
sup
|T (v)| =
vH 1 ,||v||H 1 =1
sup
|h, vi|
vH 1 ,||v||H 1 =1
sup
sup
|hT , vi|
vH 1 ,||v||H 1 =1
sup
||||.||v||
vH 1 ,||v||H 1 =1
||||.||v||H 1 = ||||.
(1.19)
vH 1 ,||v||H 1 =1
suy ra L2 c nhung lien tuc vao trong (H 1 )0 .

Chng minh (T3 )
Ta se chng minh rang moi phiem ham L tuyen tnh lien tuc tren (H 1 )0 va triet tieu tren
T (L2 ) th cung triet tieu tren (H 1 )0 .
Xem L (H 1 )00 , vi hL, T i(H 1 )00 ,(H 1 )0 = 0, T T (L2 ).
Trang 16
Luan van toan hoc
Ta chng minh L = 0.
Do H 1 phan xa, tc la H 1 (H 1 )00 theo ngha
L (H 1 )00 , v H 1 : hL, vi(H 1 )00 ,H 1 = hz, vi(H 1 )0 ,H 1 z (H 1 )0 .
(1.20)
ac biet, khi z = T (H 1 )0 , ta co
0 = hL, T i(H 1 )00 ,(H 1 )0 = hT , vi(H 1 )0 ,H 1 = h, vi , H 1 ,
(1.21)
suy ra v = 0, nen theo (1.17), ta co

hL, zi(H 1 )00 ,(H 1 )0 = hz, vi(H 1 )0 ,H 1 = 0 , z (H 1 )0 .
(1.22)
Vay L triet tieu tren (H 1 )0 . Bo e c chng minh xong.
1.2
Khong gian ham Lp (0, T ; X)
Ky hieu Lp (0, T ; X), 1 p la khong gian cac lp tng ng cac ham thc o
Z T
c u : (0, T ) X, sao cho
||u(t)||pX dt < , vi 1 p < hay M > 0 sao cho
0
||u(t)||X M , a.e t (0, T ) vi p = , ay ta ong nhat cac ham bang nhau hau khap ni
tren (0, T ).
Ta trang b tren Lp (0, T ; X) bi chuan ||u||Lp (0,T ;X) , vi
Z
||u||Lp (0,T ;X)
=
0
||u||L (0,T ;X)
! p1
||u(t)||pX dt
, vi 1 p < ,
= ess sup ||u(t)||X

0<t<T

= inf M > 0 : ||u(t)||X M, a.e, t (0, T ) .
(1.23)
(1.24)
Khi o, ta co cac bo e sau

Bo e 1.3. Vi 1 p , th Lp (0, T ; X) la khong gian Banach.
Trang 17

Bo e 1.4. Khong gian oi ngau cua Lp (0, T ; X) la
p
0

0 Lp (0, T ; X 0 ), 1 < p < , p0 =
,
p1
Lp (0, T ; X) =

L (0, T ; X 0 ), p = 1.
Bo e 1.5.
(i) Neu X phan xa th Lp (0, T ; X) cung phan xa vi 1 < p < ,
(ii) Cac khong gian L1 (0, T ; X), L (0, T ; X) la khong phan xa.
1.3
Phan bo co tr vector
Ta ky hieu D(0, T ) thay cho (D(0, T )) hoac Cc (0, T ) e ch khong gian cac ham so thc
kha vi vo han co gia compact trong (0, T ).
nh ngha 1.6. Cho X la mot khong gian Banach thc. Mot anh xa tuyen tnh lien tuc t
D(0, T ) vao X goi la mot phan bo (ham suy rong) co gia tr trong X. Tap cac phan bo co gia
tr trong X ky hieu la

D0 (0, T ; X) = f : D(0, T ) X : tuyen tnh lien tuc .
nh ngha 1.7. Cho f D0 (0, T ; X). Ta nh ngha ao ham
(1.25)
df
theo ngha phan bo cua f
dt
bi cong thc
h
df
d
, i = hf,
i , D(0, T ).
dt
dt
(1.26)
Bo e 1.8. Phep nhung Lp (0, T ; X) , D0 (0, T ; X) la lien tuc.
1.4
ao ham trong Lp (0, T ; X)
Theo bo e 1.8, phan t f Lp (0, T ; X) do o f va
df
dt
la phan t cua D0 (0, T ; X).
Ta co bo e sau
Trang 18
Luan van toan hoc
Bo e 1.9. [4, Lions] Neu f,
df
Lp (0, T ; X), 1 p + th f bang hau het vi mot ham
dt
lien tuc t [0, T ] vao X.
1.5
Bo e ve tnh compact
Cho B0 , B, B1 la cac khong gian Banach vi B0 B B1 vi cac phep nhung lien tuc,
sao cho
(i) B0 , B1 la phan xa,
(ii) phep nhung B0 , B la compact.
Vi 0 < T < , 1 pi +, i = 0, 1, ta at
n
o
p0
0
p1
W (0, T ) = v L (0, T ; B0 ) : v L (0, T ; B1 ) .
(1.27)
Ta trang b cho W (0, T ) chuan

||u||W (0,T ) = ||u||Lp0 (0,T ;B0 ) + ||u0 ||Lp1 (0,T ;B1 ) .
(1.28)
Khi o, W (0, T ) la mot khong gian Banach oi vi chuan (1.28). Hien nhien W (0, T ) ,
Lp0 (0, T ; B). Mat khac, ta co ket qua quan trong sau ay ve phep nhung compact.
Bo e 1.10. [4, Lions] Neu gia thiet (i)-(ii) thoa va neu 1 < p0 , p1 < th phep nhung
W (0, T ) , Lp0 (0, T ; B) la compact.
1.6
Bo e ve s hoi tu yeu
Bo e 1.11. [4, Lions] Cho Q la tap m b chan trong RN . Cho Gm , G Lp (Q), 1 < p < ,
sao cho ||Gm ||Lp (Q) C, Gm G, a.e x Q, ay C la hang so oc lap vi m. Khi o, ta
co Gm G trong Lp (Q) yeu.
1.7
Trang 19
Bo e Gronwall
Bo e nay lien quan en mot bat ang thc va no rat can thiet cho viec anh gia tien nghiem
trong cac chng sau.
Bo e 1.12. Gia Zs f : [0, T ] R la ham kha tch, khong am tren [0.T ] va thoa bat ang thc
t
f (t) C1 + C2
f (s)ds vi hau het t [0, T ], trong o C1 , C2 la cac hang so khong am.
0
C2 t
Khi o f (t) C1 e
, vZi hau het t [0, T ].

t
f (s)ds, vi hau het t [0, T ], th f (t) = 0 vi hau het t [0, T ].
ac biet, neu f (t) C1
0
1.8
nh ly Ascoli-Arzela
nh ly 1.13. Cho A la mot tap con cua C([0, T ]; Rm ). Khi o, A la mot tap compact trong
C([0, T ]; Rm ) neu va ch neu A thoa cac ieu kien sau
i) A b chan tng iem, ngha la vi moi t trong [0, T ] ta co tap A(t) {f (t) : f A} b
chan trong Rm .
ii) A ong lien tuc, tc la
> 0, > 0 : t, t0 [0, T ], |t t0 | < ||f (t) f (t0 )||Rm < , f A.
1.9
nh ly Schauder
nh ly 1.14. Cho C la tap hp loi, ong, b chan trong khong gian Banach X, T: C C la
anh xa lien tuc tren C va T (C) la mot tap hp compact trong C. Khi o, T co iem bat ong.
CHNG 2
S TON TAI VA DUY NHAT

NGHIEM YEU CUA BAI TOAN VI
NHOM IEU KIEN TH NHAT
Trong chng nay, chung toi trnh bay nh ly ton tai va duy nhat nghiem yeu cho bai toan:
utt uxx + |u|2 u = f (x, t) , 0 < x < 1 , 0 < t < T ,
u (0, t) u (0, t) |u(0, t)|2 u(0, t) = 0,

x
t
0
ux (1, t) + ut (1, t) + 1 |u(1, t)|2 u(1, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = u (x), u (x, 0) = u (x),

0
t
1
(2.1)
trong o , , > 1 va , 0 , 1 > 0 la cac hang so, u0 , u1 , f la cac ham cho trc thoa cac
ieu kien ma ta se ch ra sau.
nh ngha 2.1. Ta noi u la nghiem yeu cua bai toan (2.1) neu u L (0, T ; H 1 ), sao cho
20
Trang 21
ut L (0, T ; L2 ), u(0, .) H 1 (0, T ), u(1, .) H 1 (0, T ), va u thoa bai toan bien phan sau.
d
0
2
u(t), vi
dt hu (t), vi + hux (t), vx i + h|u(t)|
+{u0 (1, t) + 1 |u(1, t)|2 u(1, t)}v(1)
(2.2)
+{u0 (0, t) + 0 |u(0, t)|2 u(0, t)}v(0)
= hf (t), vi, v H 1 ,
u(0) = u , u0 (0) = u .
0
1
Trc tien, ta thanh lap cac gia thiet sau
(A1 ) u0 H 1 , u1 L2 ,
(A2 ) f L2 (QT ),
(A3 ) , , > 1; , 0 , 1 > 0.
Khi o ta co nh ly sau:
nh ly 2.2. Gia s (A1 ) (A3 ) ung. Khi o, vi moi T > 0, bai toan (2.1) ton tai duy nhat
nghiem yeu u thoa
u L (0, T ; H 1 ), u0 L (0, T ; L2 ),
u(0, ) H 1 (0, T ), u(1, ) H 1 (1, T ).
Hn na, neu , , 2 th nghiem yeu la duy nhat.
Chng minh .
Chng minh nh ly 2.2 gom nhieu bc.
Chng minh nh ly da vao phng phap xap x Galerkin lien he vi cac anh gia tien
nghiem, t o rut ra cac day con hoi tu yeu trong cac khong gian ham thch hp nh mot so
phep nhung compact. Trong phan nay, nh ly Schauder va Ascoli-Arzela c s dung trong
viec chng minh ton tai nghiem xap x Galerkin.
Bc 1: Xap x Galerkin
Trang 22
Luan van toan hoc
Xet wj la mot c s trc chuan cua H 1 . Ta tm nghiem xap x cua bai toan (2.1) di dang
um (t) =
m
X
cmj (t)wj ,
(2.3)
j=1
trong o, cac ham he so cmj thoa he phng trnh vi phan phi tuyen sau ay
hu00m (t), wj i + humx (t), wjx i + h|um (t)|2 um (t), wj i
+{u0m (1, t) + 1 |um (1, t)|2 um (1, t)}wj (1)
+{u0m (0, t) + 0 |um (0, t)|2 um (0, t)}wj (0)
= hf (t), wj i, 1 j m,
u (0) = u , u0 (0) = u ,
m
0m
1m
m
(2.4)
trong o
u0m =
m
X
mj wj u0 manh trong H 1 ,
j=1
m
X
u1m =
mj wj u1 manh trong L2 .
(2.5)
(2.6)
j=1
Thay (2.3) vao (2.4)-(2.6), va at p (z) = |z|p2 z, p {, , }, ta c
Pm 00
Pm
cmi (t)hwi , wj i + i=1 cmi hwix , wjx i + h (um ), wj i
i=1
Pm 0
i=1 cmi (t)wi (1)wj (1) + 1 (um (1, t))wj (1)
Pm 0
+ i=1 cmi (t)wi (0)wj (0) + 0 (um (0, t))wj (0)
= hf (t), wj i,
c (0) = , c0 (0) = , 1 j m.
mj
mj
mj
mj
(2.7)
Bo qua cac ch so m, ta viet ci , i , i lan lt thay cho cmi , mi , mi va s dung cac k

Trang 23

hieu sau:
c(t) = (c1 (t), ..., cm (t))T ,
A = (aij ), aij = hwi , wj i,
B = (bij ), bij = hwix , wjx i,
D = (dij ), dij = wi (1)wj (1) + wi (0)wj (0),
G[c](t) = (G1 [c](t), ..., Gm [c](t))T , Gj [c](t) = h (um ), wj i,
H0 [c](t) = (H01 [c](t), ..., H0m [c](t))T , H0j [c](t) = 0 (um (0, t))wj (0),
H1 [c](t) = (H11 [c](t), ..., H1m [c](t))T , H1j [c](t) = 1 (um (1, t))wj (1),
F (t) = (f1 (t), ..., fm (t))T , fj (t) = hf (t), wj i,
= ( , ..., )T va = ( , ..., )T .
1
m
1
m
Ta viet lai he (2.7) nh sau
Ac00 (t) + Bc(t) + G[c](t) + H [c](t) + H [c](t) + Dc0 (t) = F (t),

0
1
c(0) = , c0 (0) = .
(2.8)
(2.9)
Do {wj } la c s nen ma tran A la kha nghch. Sau khi nhan A1 va lay tch phan can t
0 en t hai lan vao hai ve. Ta co
Z t Z s
Z t Z s
Z t Z s
1
1
c(t) = Fe(t)
ds
A Bc(r)dr
ds
A G[c](r)dr
ds
A1 H0 [c](r)dr
0
0
0
0
0
0
Z t Z s
Z t
ds
A1 H1 [c](r)dr
A1 Dc(s)ds,
(2.10)
0
trong o
Fe(t) = + t + tA1 D +
Z
ds
A1 F (r)dr.
Vi moi Tm > 0, > 0, ta at X = C([0, Tm ]; Rm ), vi chuan cua X la

||c||X =
sup |c(t)|1 , |c(t)|1 =

0tTm
m
X
|cj (t)| va tap S = {c X : ||c||X }.
j=1
Ta chon chuan ma tran vuong cap m

||A|| = max
1jm
m
X
|aij |.
i=1
Trang 24
Luan van toan hoc
e y rang ta co bat ang thc sau

|Ac(t)|1 ||A|||c(t)|1 , c X,
Vi moi c X, ta nh ngha toan t U
t
ds
A1 G[c](r)dr
0
0
0
0
Z t Z s
Z t Z s
ds
A1 H0 [c](r)dr
ds
A1 H1 [c](r)dr
0
0
0
0
Z t
A1 Dc(s)ds.
U [c](t) = Fe(t)
ds
Bc(r)dr
(2.11)
Luc nay he (2.10) thanh

(2.12)
c(t) = U [c](t).
Ta can chon e U : S S, roi dung nh ly iem bat ong Schauder e chng minh (2.12)
co nghiem. Ta kiem tra cac ieu sau
(S1 ) U : X X lien tuc,
(S2 ) U : S S vi cach chon va Tm thch hp,
(S3 ) U (S) compact trong X.
Chng minh (S1 )
Trc tien ta kiem tra toan t U xac nh. Do f L2 (QT ) nen Fe X, lai co c X nen
Z
A1 Bc(r)dr +
ds
0
A1 Dc(r)ds

X,
va G[c], H0 [c], H1 [c] X cho nen

Z
Z
ds
A
0
Z
G[c](r)dr +
Z
ds
A
0
Z
H0 [c](r)dr +
ds
0
s
1

H1 [c](r)dr
X.
Trang 25

Vay U xac nh. Ta i chng minh U : X X lien tuc
Lay day {c(k) } X sao cho c(k) c trong X. Khi o

(k)
U [c ] U [c]
+
+
+
+
Z t Z s

1
(k)
ds
A B c (r) c(r) dr

X
0
0
Z t Z s

(k)
1
ds
G[c ](r) G[c](r) dr
A

X
0
0
Z
Z
t
s

1
(k)
ds
A
H
[c
](r)
H
[c](r)
dr

0
0
X
0
0
Z t Z s

ds
A1 H1 [c(k) ](r) H1 [c](r) dr

X
0
0
Z t

A1 D c(k) (s) c(s) ds

X
(2.13)
= I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 + I5 .
Vi I1 , ta co
I1
Z t Z s

=
ds
A1 B c(k) (r) c(r) dr
X
0
0

Z t Z s

(k)

A1 B
ds
c (r) c(r) dr
0

T2

1 (k)
A B c c m .
X 2
(2.14)
Suy ra I1 0 khi c(k) c trong X.

Tng t ta cung co I5 0 khi c(k) c trong X.
Ta lai co Gj [c(k) ](t) Gj [c](t) trong L1 (0, T ), do c(k) c trong X nen {c(k) } b chan va Gj
lien tuc nen Gj [c(k) ](t) b chan. Do do ap dung nh ly hoi tu b chan ta co I2 0 khi c(k) c
trong X.
Tng t cho I3 , I4 . Vay ta co U : X X lien tuc.
Chng minh (S2 )
Ta se ch ra rang vi va Tm thch hp th U : S S. at
K = sup |Fe(t)|1 .
(2.15)
0tT
Trang 26
Luan van toan hoc
Khi o vi moi c S, ta co
||U [c]||X
K + T ||A1 B||Tm + ||A1 D||Tm + mT ||A1 ||Tm 21 1
1
1
1
+ m0 T ||A ||Tm 2
+ m1 T ||A ||Tm 2 1
(2.16)
Ta chon sao cho K 2 . Sau o chon Tm thoa

h
Tm T ||A1 B|| + ||A1 D|| + mT ||A1 || 21 1

i
1
1
1
1
+ m1 T ||A || 2
.
+ m0 T ||A || 2
2
(2.17)
Khi o ta co ||U [c]||X tc la U [c] S. Vay U : S S.

Chng minh (S3 )
Do U (S) S nen {U [c]}cS b chan eu. Mat khac, vi moi c S, ta co the chng minh
{U [c]}cS ong lien tuc bang k thuat tng t nh chng minh (S2 ).
Vay theo nh ly Ascoli-Arzela th U (S) compact trong X. Va t nh ly Schauder, U co iem
bat ong.
Bc 2: anh gia tien nghiem
Ta nhan c0mj vao phng trnh th j cua he (2.4), sau o cong m phng trnh o lai roi lay
tch phan can t 0 en t, ta co
Z
(2.18)
hf (s), u m (s)ids + Sm (0),
Sm (t) = 2
0
vi
Sm (t)
= ||u m (t)|| + ||um (t)|| + 2
u 2m (0, s)ds
Z
+2
u 2m (1, s)ds
21
20
2
|um (1, t)| +
|um (0, t)| +
||um (t)||L .
Do f L2 (QT ), nen
Z t
hf (s), u m (s)ids
2
||f (s)||.||u m (s)||ds

0
Z t
2
||f ||L2 (QT ) +
Sm (s)ds.
t
2
(2.19)
||f (s)|| ds +
0
||u m (s)||2 ds
(2.20)
Trang 27

Ta co
Sm (0) = ||u 1m ||2 + ||u0m ||2 +
21
20
2
|u0m (1)| +
|u0m (0)| +
||u0m ||L .
(2.21)
Do (2.5) va (2.6) ta suy ra ||u1m ||2 va ||u0m ||2 b chan.

Va H 1 (0, 1) , Lp (0, 1) vi p 1 th ton tai M > 0 e
||u0m ||L M ||u0m ||H 1 ,
|u0m (1)| ||u0m ||C([0,1]) 2||u0m ||H 1 .

Vay ton tai C1 > 0 e Sm (0) + 2||u0m ||2 C1 vi moi m. Cho nen
Z t
Sm (t) C2 +
Sm (s)ds,
(2.22)
(2.23)
vi C2 = C1 + ||f ||2L2 (QT ) .

Ap dung bo e Gronwall ta co
Sm (t) C2 et C3 , 0 t Tm T.
Chu y rang ton tai mot so dng C4 e
Z t
2
||um (t)|| 2t
||u m (s)||2 ds + 2||u0m ||2
0
Z t
2t
Sm (s)ds + 2||u0m ||2 ,
0
Z t
2
2
||um (t)||H 1 ||um (t)|| + 2t
Sm (s)ds + 2||u0m ||2
0
Z t
Sm (t) + 2t
Sm (s)ds + C1 C4 .
(2.24)
(2.25)
Bc 3: Qua gii han

T (2.18)-(2.25) ta trch c day con cua day {um } ma van k hieu {um } sao cho
um u trong L (0, T ; H 1 ) yeu ,
u m u trong L (0, T ; L2 ) yeu ,
(2.26)
(2.27)
Trang 28
Luan van toan hoc

um (0, ) u(0, ) trong H 1 (0, T ) yeu,
(2.28)
um (1, ) u(1, ) trong H 1 (0, T ) yeu.
(2.29)
T (2.26), (2.27) va bo e ve tnh compact (1.5) ta trch c day con cua day {um } ma van k
hieu {um } sao cho
um u trong L2 (QT ) manh va hau het trong QT .
(2.30)
Ham lien tuc cho nen

(um ) (u) hau het trong QT .
Hn na vi
1
0
(2.31)
= 1 th
0
|| (um (t))||L 0 = |||um (t)|2 um (t)||L 0 = ||um (t)||L <
C3
.
2
Theo bo e ve s hoi tu yeu 1.11 ta co

0
(um ) (u) trong L (QT ) yeu.
(2.32)
T (2.28) ta trch c day con cua day {um (0, )} ma van k hieu {um (0, )} sao cho
um (0, ) u(0, ) trong C([0, T ]),
va lien tuc nen
(um (0, )) (u(0, )) trong C([0, T ]).
(2.33)
(um (1, )) (u(1, )) trong C([0, T ]).
(2.34)
Tng t, ta co
Vay, sau khi qua gii han trong (2.4) va nh (2.26)-(2.34) ta co u thoa bai toan bien phan sau
d
0
2
u(t), wi
dt hu (t), wi + hux (t), wx i + h|u(t)|
+{u0 (1, t) + 1 |u(1, t)|2 u(1, t)}w(1)
(2.35)
+{u0 (0, t) + 0 |u(0, t)|2 u(0, t)}w(0)
= hf (t), wi, w H 1 ,
u(0) = u , u0 (0) = u .
0
1
Trang 29

Bc 4: Chng minh s duy nhat nghiem
e chng minh tnh duy nhat cua nghiem yeu bai toan, ta thay gia thiet A3 bi A03 va co
bo e sau:
(A03 ) 2, 2, 2.
Ta can dung bo e sau ay, ma chng minh no co the tm thay trong [12].
Bo e 2.3. Gia s u la nghiem yeu cua bai toan
u00 uxx + F1 = 0, 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,
u (0, t) = P (t), u (1, t) = P (t),

x
u(x, 0) = u0 (x, 0) = 0,
u L (0, T ; V ), u0 L (0, T ; L2 ), u(0, ), u(1, ) H 1 (0, T ).
(2.36)
Khi o, ta co
||u0 (t)||2
+ ||ux (t)||2 + 2
Zt
0
Zt
+
P0 (s)u0 (0, s) ds + 2
Zt
P1 (s)u0 (1, s) ds
hF1 (s), u0 (s)ids = 0, a.e t [0, T ].
(2.37)
Gia s u1 va u2 la hai nghiem yeu cua bai toan (2.1) sao cho
u L (0, T ; V ), u0 L (0, T ; L2 ),
i
i
u (0, ), u (1, ) H 1 (0, T ), i = 1, 2.
i
(2.38)
Th u vi u = u1 u2 la nghiem yeu cua bai toan sau:
u00 (t) uxx (t) + ( |u1 |2 u1 |u2 |2 u2 ) = 0, 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,
u (0, t) = u0 (0, t) + ( |u (0, t)|2 u (0, t) |u (0, t)|2 u (0, t)),

x
0
1
1
2
2
ux (1, t) = u0 (1, t) 1 ( |u1 (1, t)|2 u1 (1, t) |u2 (1, t)|2 u2 (1, t)),
u(0) = u0 (0) = 0.
(2.39)
Ap dung bo e tren vi
F1 = ( |u1 |2 u1 |u2 |2 u2 ),
(2.40)
Trang 30
va
Luan van toan hoc
P (t) = u0 (0, t) + ( |u (0, t)|2 u (0, t) |u (0, t)|2 u (0, t)),

0
0
1
1
2
2
P (t) = u0 (1, t) + ( |u (1, t)|2 u (1, t) |u (1, t)|2 u (1, t)).
1
1
1
1
2
2
(2.41)
Ta co
t
Z
H(t)
h( |u1 (s)|2 u1 (s) |u2 (s)|2 u2 (s)), u0 (s)ids
= 2
0
Zt
20
( |u1 (0, s)|2 u1 (0, s) |u2 (0, s)|2 u2 (0, s))u0 (0, s)ds
Zt
21
( |u1 (1, s)|2 u1 (1, s) |u2 (1, s)|2 u2 (1, s))u0 (1, s)ds
= I1 + I2 + I3 ,
(2.42)
trong o
0
H(t) = ||u (t)|| + ||ux (t)|| + 2
|u (0, s)| ds + 2
0
|u0 (1, s)|2 ds.
(2.43)
Ta co cac anh gia sau:

I1
Zt
2
h |u1 |2 u1 (s) |u2 |2 u2 (s), u0 (s)ids
( 1)M12 ||u(s)||||u0 (s)||ds

0
Z t
Z t
2 2
2
[( 1)M1 ]
||u(s)|| ds +
||u0 (s)||2 ds,
2
(2.44)
trong o
M1 =
2 max{||u1 ||L (0,T ;H 1 ) , ||u2 ||L (0,T ;H 1 ) }.
Mat khac
Z
u(s) =
u0 ()d,
Do o
2
||u(s)||
Z
0
s
0
||u ()||d
2
Z
s
||u0 ()||2 d.
Trang 31

Vay
t
||u(s)|| ds
0
||u ()|| dds T
s
0
||u0 ()||2 d.
(2.45)
Do o
I1
(
h
1)T M12
i2
)Z
e1
H(s)ds D
+1
0
H(s)ds.
(2.46)
Tiep theo
I2
Zt
20
( |u1 (0, s)|2 u1 (0, s) |u2 (0, s)|2 u2 (0, s))u0 (0, s)ds
20 ( 1)M22 ]
Zt
|u(0, s)| |u0 (0, s)|ds
[0 (
1)M22 ]2
Zt
|u(0, s)| ds +
1)M22 ]2 (T 2
|u0 (0, s)|2 ds
[0 (
|u0 (0, s)|2 ds
+ 1)
0
1
[0 ( 1)M22 ]2 (T 2 + 1)
2
e2
H(s)ds D
0
H(s)ds,
(2.47)
trong o
M2 =
2 max{||u1 (0, )||H 1 (0,T ) , ||u2 (0, )||H 1 (0,T ) }.

(2.48)
Tng t
I3
Zt
21
( |u1 (1, s)|2 u1 (1, s) |u2 (1, s)|2 u2 (1, s))u0 (1, s)ds
Zt
21
( 1)M32 ]|u(1, s)||u0 (1, s)|ds
Trang 32
Luan van toan hoc
[1 (
1)M32 ]2
Zt
|u0 (1, s)|2 ds
|u(1, s)| ds +
0
[1 (
1)M32 ]2 (T 2
|u0 (1, s)|2 ds
+ 1)
0
1
[1 ( 1)M32 ]2 (T 2 + 1)
2
Z
e3
H(s)ds D
H(s)ds,
(2.49)
vi
M3 =
2 max{||u1 (1, .)||H 1 (0,T ) , ||u2 (1, .)||H 1 (0,T ) }.
T (2.42)-(2.49), ta co
Z
e1 + D
e2 + D
e 3)
H(t) (D
H(s)ds.
0
Vay ap dung nh ly Gronwall

u = 0, hay u1 = u2 .
(2.50)
Tnh duy nhat nghiem cua bai toan a c chng minh.
CHNG 3
S TON TAI VA DUY NHAT

NGHIEM YEU CUA BAI TOAN VI
NHOM IEU KIEN TH HAI
Trong chng nay, chung toi trnh bay nh ly ton tai va duy nhat nghiem yeu cho bai toan:
utt uxx + |u|2 u = f (x, t) , 0 < x < 1 , 0 < t < T ,
u (0, t) u (0, t) |u(0, t)|2 u(0, t) = 0,

x
t
0
(3.1)
2
(1,
t)
+
u
(1,
t)
+
|u(1,
t)|
u(1,
t)
=
0,
u
x
t
1
u(x, 0) = u (x), u (x, 0) = u (x),

0
trong o , , 2 va , 0 , 1 > 0 la cac hang so, u0 , u1 , f la cac ham cho trc thoa cac
ieu kien:
(B1 ) u0 H 2 ,
u1 H 1 ,
(B2 ) f, ft L2 (QT ),
33
Trang 34
Luan van toan hoc
(B3 ) , , 2; , 0 , 1 > 0.
Khi o ta co nh ly sau:
nh ly 3.1. Gia s (B1 ) (B3 ) ung. Khi o, vi moi T > 0, bai toan (3.1) ton tai duy nhat
nghiem yeu u thoa
u L (0, T ; H 2 ), u0 L (0, T ; H 1 ), u00 L (0, T ; L2 ),
u(0, ) H 2 (0, T ), u(1, ) H 2 (0, T ).
Chng minh
Chng minh nh ly 3.1 gom nhieu bc.
Bc 1: Xap x Galerkin
Xet wj la mot c s em c cua H 2 . Ta tm nghiem xap x cua bai toan (3.1) di dang
um (t) =
m
X
cmj (t)wj ,
(3.2)
j=1
trong o cac ham he so cmj thoa he phng trnh vi phan thng (2.4), trong o
u0m =
u1m =
m
X
mj wj u0 manh trong H 2 ,
j=1
m
X
mj wj u1 manh trong H 1 .
(3.3)
(3.4)
j=1
T gia thiet (B1 ) - (B3 ) th he (2.4) co nghiem um tren [0, Tm ].

Bc 2: anh gia tien nghiem
anh gia tien nghiem lan I
Tng t nh khi chng minh nh ly 2.2 ta thu c anh gia tien nghiem sau:
Sm (t) C3 , m N, t [0, T ],
(3.5)
Trang 35

trong o Sm (t) c xac nh nh (2.20).
anh gia tien nghiem lan II
Lay ao ham (2.4) theo t, sau o nhan vi c00mj (t) ng vi phng trnh th j roi cong lai:
00
0
00
2 0
hu000
um (t), u00m (t)i
m (t), um (t)i + humx (t), umx (t)i + ( 1)h|um (t)|
+{u00m (1, t) + 1 ( 1)|um (1, t)|2 u0m (1, t)}u00m (1, t)
(3.6)
+{u00m (0, t) + 0 ( 1)|um (0, t)|2 u0m (0, t)}u00m (0, t)
= hf 0 (t), u00m (t)i,
u (0) = u , u0 (0) = u .
m
0m
1m
m
Lay tch phan hai ve can t 0 en t, ta co
Z t
h|um (s)|2 u0m (s), u00m (s)ids

Xm (t) = Xm (0) 2( 1)
Z0 t
21 ( 1)
|um (1, s)|2 u0m (1, s)u00m (1, s)ds
Z0 t
20 ( 1)
|um (0, s)|2 u0m (0, s)u00m (0, s)
0
Z t
+ 2
hf 0 (s), u00m (s)ids
(3.7)
= Xm (0) + I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 ,
vi
Xm (t) =
||u00m (t)||2
||u0m (t)||2
Z
+2
|u00m (1, s)|2 ds
Z
+2
|u00m (0, s)|2 ds.
(3.8)
anh gia so hang Xm (0) = ||u00m (0)||2 + ||u0m (0)||2 .

T (2.1), ta co
hu00m (0), wj i h4u0m , wj i + h|u0m |2 u0m , wj i = hf (0), wj i, j = 1, m.
(3.9)
Nhan c00mj (0) vao (3.9), roi lay tong theo j, ta c

hu00m (0), u00m (0)i h4u0m , u00m (0)i + h|u0m |2 u0m , u00m (0)i = hf (0), u00m (0)i.
(3.10)
Suy ra
||u00m (0)|| ||4u0m || + |||u0m |1 || + ||f (0)||.
(3.11)
Trang 36
Luan van toan hoc
Do (3.3) va (3.4) ta suy t (3.8), (3.11)

Z trang Xm (0) b chan bi mot hang so oc lap vi m.
anh gia so hang I1 = 2( 1)
h|um (s)|2 u0m (s), u00m (s)ids.
0
Ta co
|||um (s)|2 u0m (s)|| ||u00m (s)||ds
I1 2( 1)
(3.12)
Ta thay rang
|||um (s)|2 u0m (s)||

2
0
1
2||u
(s)||
||u0m (s)||
||um (s)||2
||u
(s)||
m
H
m
C 0 ([0,1])
0
0
( 2)2 ||um ||2
(3.13)
L (0,T ;H 1 ) ||um (s)|| C4 ||um (s)||.
Khi o
Z
I1
||u0m (s)||.||u00m (s)||ds

0
Z t
Z t
2 ( 1)2 C42
||u0m (s)||2 ds +
||u00m (s)||2 ds
0
0
Z t
Z t
2 ( 1)2 C42
Sm (s)ds +
Xm (s)ds
0
0
Z t
C5 +
Xm (s)ds,
2( 1)C4
(3.14)
vi C5 = 2 ( 1)2 C42 C3 T.
t
anh gia so hang I2 = 21 ( 1)
|um (1, s)|2 u0m (1, s)u00m (1, s)ds.
T (2.20), (2.27) va 2, ta co
|um (1, t)|
<
C3
21
2
= C6 .
(3.15)
Do o
Z
I2
u0m (1, s)u00m (1, s)ds

0
Z
Z t
1 t 00
2
2 2
0
2
21 ( 1) C6
[um (1, s)] ds +
[um (1, s)]2 ds
2 0
0
Z t
1
21 ( 1)2 C62
Sm (s)ds + Xm (s)ds.
4
0
21 ( 1)C6
(3.16)
Trang 37

anh gia so hang I3 = 20 ( 1)
|um (0, s)|2 u0m (0, s)u00m (0, s)ds.
Tng t vi anh gia vi I2 , ton tai mot so dng C7 sao cho |um (0, t)|2 C7 va
Z t
1
I3 220 ( 1)2 C72
Sm (s)ds + Xm (s)ds.
4
0
Z t
anh gia so hang I4 = 2
hf 0 (s), u00m (s)ids.
(3.17)
Z
I4
hf 0 (s), u00m (s)ids
2
0
||f 0 (s)||.||u00m (s)||ds

0
Z t
2
||f ||L2 (QT ) +
Xm (s)ds.
(3.18)
T nhng chng minh tren Xm (0) b chan, va t (3.12)-(3.18) ton tai mot so dng C8 ch phu
thuoc f, , , , , 1 , 0 , T, u0 , u1 . Ta co
Z
Xm (t) C8 + 4
(3.19)
Xm (s)ds.
0
Do bo e Gronwall, ta thu c t (3.19)

Xm (t) C8 e4t C9 , m N, t [0, T ].
(3.20)
Bc 3: Qua gii han

T (3.6), (3.7), (3.10), (3.21), ta trch c day con cua day {um } ma van k hieu {um } sao
cho
um u trong L (0, T ; H 1 ) yeu ,
u0m u0 trong L (0, T ; H 1 ) yeu ,
(3.21)
(3.22)
u00m u00 trong L (0, T ; L2 ) yeu ,
(3.23)
um (0, ) u(0, ) trong H 2 (0, T ) yeu,
(3.24)
Trang 38
Luan van toan hoc

um (1, ) u(1, ) trong H 2 (0, T ) yeu.
(3.25)
Theo bo e compact cua Lions [4] va phep nhung H 2 (0, T ) , C 1 ([0, T ]), ta co the suy ra t
(3.21)-(3.25) ton tai mot day con cua {um } ma van k heu {um } sao cho
um u manh trong L2 (QT ),
(3.26)
u0m u0 manh trong L2 (QT ),
(3.27)
um (0, ) u(0, ) manh trong C 1 ([0, T ]),
(3.28)
um (1, ) u(1, ) manh trong C 1 ([0, T ]).
(3.29)
Ta lai co bat ang thc sau:

||x|p2 x |y|p2 y| (p 1)Rp2 |x y| x, y [R, R] vi moi R > 0, p 2.
V
|um (x, t)| ||um (t)||C[0,1]
e1 , m N.
2||um (t)||H 1 (0,1) R
Tng t ta cung co
|u(x, t)| ||u(t)||C[0,1]
e1 ,
Cho nen vi R = M ax{R
2||u(t)||H 1 (0,1)
2||u||L (0,T ;H 1 ) .
2||u||L (0,T ;H 1 ) }, ta co
||um |2 um |u|2 u| (p 1)R2 |um u|.
(3.30)
Hn na, t (3.26) va (3.30) th

|um |2 um |u|2 u manh trong L2 (QT ).
(3.31)
Do (3.29), (3.30) va ham p (x) = |x|p2 x lien tuc vi p 2 nen

|um (1, )|2 um (1, ) |u(1, )|2 u(1, ) manh trong C 0 [0, T ],
(3.32)
Trang 39
|um (0, )|2 um (0, ) |u(0, )|2 u(0, ) manh trong C 0 [0, T ].
Lay gii han (2.4) nh (3.21)-(3.33) ta co nghiem u thoa phng trnh
hu00 (t), vi + hux (t), vx i + h|u(t)|2 u(t), vi
+{u0 (1, t) + 1 |u(1, t)|2 u(1, t)}v(1)
+{u0 (0, t) + 0 |u(0, t)|2 u(0, t)}v(0)
= hf (t), vi, v H 1 (0, 1),
u(0) = u , u0 (0) = u .
0
1
(3.33)
(3.34)
Mat khac, t (3.21)-(3.25) va gia thiet (B1 ), (B2 ). Ta co

uxx = utt + |u|2 u f L (0, T ; L2 ).
(3.35)
Vay u L (0, T ; H 2 ) va s ton tai nghiem cua bai toan a c chng minh.
Bc 4: S duy nhat nghiem
Gia s u1 va u2 la hai nghiem yeu cua bai toan (3.1) sao cho
ui L (0, T ; H 2 ), u0i L (0, T ; H 1 ), u00i L (0, T ; L2 ),
ui (0, ) H 2 (0, 1),
ui (1, ) H 2 (0, 1).
(3.36)
(3.37)
Khi o u = u1 u2 la nghiem yeu cua bai toan bien phan

hu00 (t), vi + hu(t), vi + h (u1 (t)) (u2 (t)), vi
+ {u0 (1, t) + 1 [ (u1 (1, t)) (u2 (1, t))]}v(1)
(3.38)
+ {u0 (0, t) + 0 [ (u1 (0, t)) (u2 (0, t))]}v(0), v H 1 (0, 1),
u(0) = u0 (0) = 0.
Thay v = u0 trong (3.39) va lay tch phan theo t, ta co
Z t
Z(t) = 2
h (u1 (s)) (u2 (s)), u0 (s)ids
0
Z t
21
u0 (1, s)[ (u1 (1, s)) (u2 (1, s))]ds
0
Z t
20
u0 (0, s)[ (u1 (0, s)) (u2 (0, s))]ds = J1 + J2 + J3 ,
(3.39)
(3.40)
Trang 40
Luan van toan hoc
vi
0
t
0
Z(t) = ||u (t)|| + ||u(t)|| + 2
|u (1, s)| ds + 2
0
anh gia so hang J1 = 2
|u0 (0, s)|2 ds.
(3.41)
h (u1 (s)) (u2 (s)), u0 (s)ids.
Ta co
Z
J1
|| (u1 (s)) (u2 (s))||||u0 (s)||ds
2
0
t
( 1)M 2 ||u(s)||||u0 (s)||ds

0
Z t
Z t
2 2
2
[( 1)M
]
||u(s)|| ds +
||u0 (s)||2 ds,
(3.42)
trong o
M=
2 max{||u1 ||L (0,T ;H 1 ) , ||u2 ||L (0,T ;H 1 ) }.
Va
s
|u0 ()|d,
|u(s)|
0
2
|u(s)|
||u(s)||2
Z
||u(s)||2 ds
|u0 ()|2 d,
s
Z0 s
s
||u0 ()||2 d,
0
Z t Z s
s
||u0 ()||2 dds,
0
0
Z t
T2
Z(s)ds.
(3.43)
Thay (3.43) vao (3.42), ta co

(
)Z
t
h
i2
J1
( 1)T M 2 + 1
Z(s)ds.
(3.44)
u0 (1, s)[ (u1 (1, s)) (u2 (1, s))]ds.
Tng t cach anh gia J1 , ta co

Z t
J2 21
|u0 (1, s)|| (u1 (1, s)) (u2 (1, s))|ds
0
Trang 41

t
( 1)N 2 |u(1, s)||u0 (1, s)|ds

0
Z t
Z t
2 2
2
[1 ( 1)N
]
|u(1, s)| ds +
|u0 (1, s)|2 ds,
21
(3.45)
trong o
o
n
N = max ||u1 (1, )||C 0 [0,T ] , ||u2 (1, )||C 0 [0,T ] ,
va
t
T2
u (1, s)ds
2
2
(3.46)
Z(s)ds.
0
Thay (3.46) vao (3.45), ta co

(
)Z
t
h
i2
2
J2
1 ( 1)T N
+1
Z(s)ds.
(3.47)
u0 (0, s)[ (u1 (0, s)) (u2 (0, s))]ds.
Tng t cach anh gia J2 , ta co

(
)Z
t
h
i2
J3
0 ( 1)T P 2 + 1
Z(s)ds,
(3.48)
vi
n
o
P = max ||u1 (0, )||C 1 [0,T ] , ||u2 (0, )||C 1 [0,T ] .
Thay (3.44), (3.47), (3.48) vao (3.40), ta co
Z
Z(t) NT
(3.49)
Z(s)ds,
0
vi
NT =
(
h
( 1)T M 2
i2
+ 1 ( 1)T N 2
i2
+ 0 ( 1)T P 2
i2
)
+3 .
(3.50)
Ap dung bo e Gronwall vao (3.50), ta co

Z(t) = 0 suy ra u1 = u2 .
Vay nghiem yeu la duy nhat, nh ly 3.1 c chng minh xong.
CHNG 4
KHAI TRIEN TIEM CAN CUA

NGHIEM YEU THEO BA THAM SO
BE (, 0, 1)
Trong phan nay, ta thay hai ham u0 , u1 bi u
0 , u
1 ; va (
u0 , u
1 , f, , , ) thoa cac gia
thiet (B1)-(B3). at (, 0 , 1 ) R3+ . Theo nh ly 3.1, bai toan (3.1) co nghiem yeu duy
nhat phu thuoc vao (, 0 , 1 ). Xet bai toan nhieu sau ay theo ba tham so be (, 0 , 1 ) thoa
0 ; 0 0 0 ; 0 1 1 ( , 0 , 1 la cac hang so dng co nh).
Au u00 u = (u) + f (x, t) , 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,
u(0, t) = u0 (0, t) + (u(0, t)),

0
P(, 0 ,1 )
u(1, t) = u0 (1, t) 1 (u(1, t)),
u(x, 0) = u
1 (x),
0 (x) , u0 (x, 0) = u
(4.1)
vi > N 2, > N 2, > N 2. Ta nghien cu khai trien tiem can nghiem yeu cua
bai toan P(, 0 ,1 ) ng vi (, 0 , 1 ), tc la ta co the xap x nghiem yeu u bi mot a thc
42
Trang 43

theo ba bien (, 0 , 1 ).
Ta dung cac k hieu sau. Vi a ch so = (1 , 2 , 3 ) Z3+ va = (, 0 , 1 ) R3+ , ta

at:
|| = 1 + 2 + 3 , ! = 1 !2 !3 !,
q
|| || = 2 + 20 + 21 , = 1 02 13 ,
a, b Z3+ , b a bi ai i = 1, 2, 3.
Trc tien ta co bo e sau.
Bo e 4.1. Cho m, N N va v R, Z3+ , 1 || N . Ta co
m
T (m) [v] ,
m||mN
1||N
trong o cac he so T (m) [v] , m || mN phu thuoc vao v = (v ), Z3+ , 1 || N

c nh ngha bi cong thc truy hoi sau
T (1) [v] = v , 1 || N,
T (m) [v] =
v T (m1) [v] , m || mN, m 2,
(m)
A
(m)

= Z3+ : 6 , 1 6 | | 6 N, m 1 6 || (m 1) N .
Chng minh bo e 4.1 co the c tm thay trong [10].

at u0 u0,0,0 la nghiem yeu duy nhat cua bai toan P(0,0,0) ng vi (, 0 , 1 )=(0,0,0);
Au0 = P0,0,0 f (x, t), 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,
u0 (0, t) = u00 (0, t), u0 (1, t) = u00 (1, t),
u0 (x, 0) = u
0 (x) , u00 (x, 0) = u
1 (x),
u0 C 0 (0, T ; H 1 ) C 1 (0, T ; L2 ) L (0, T ; H 2 ),
Trang 44
Luan van toan hoc

u00 L (0, T ; H 1 ), u000 L (0, T ; L2 ),
u0 (1, ) H 2 (0, T ),
u0 (0, ) H 2 (0, T ).
Va ta xem day cac nghiem yeu u , Z3+ , 1 || N, cua cac bai toan (Pe ):
Au
u (0, t)
u00 u = F , 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,

= u0 (0, t) + Z ,
u (1, t) = u0 (1, t) + K ,
u (x, 0)
= u0 (x, 0) = 0,
(4.2)
u C 0 (0, T ; H 1 ) C 1 (0, T ; L2 ) L (0, T ; H 2 ),

u0 L (0, T ; H 1 ), u00 L (0, T ; L2 ),
u (1, ) H 2 (0, T ),
u (0, ) H 2 (0, T ),
trong o F , Z , K , 1 || N c xac nh bi cong thc truy hoi sau:
(u0 ) neu = (1, 0, 0),
0
neu 1 = 0, 2 1, 3 1,
F =
||1
X 1
(m) (u0 )T (m) [u]1 1,2 ,3 , 2 || N, 1 1,
m!
m=1
(4.3)
(u0 (0, t)) neu = (0, 1, 0),
0
neu 2 = 0, 1 1, 3 1,
Z =
||1 (m)
X (u0 (0, t))
T (m) [u(0, t)]1 ,2 1,3 , 2 || N, 2 1,
m!
m=1
(4.4)
(u0 (1, t)) neu = (0, 0, 1),
0
neu 3 = 0, 1 1, 2 1,
K =
||1 (m)
X (u0 (1, t))
T (m) [u(1, t)]1 ,2 ,3 1 , 2 || N, 3 1.

m!
m=1
(4.5)
Trang 45

Gia s u la nghiem yeu duy nhat cua bai toan (4.1). Th
v =u
u u h,
||N
thoa bai toan sau

Av
(1)
v 00 v = [ (v + h) (h)] + EN ( ), 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,
v(0, t)
(2)
= v 0 (0, t) + 0 [ (v(0, t) + h(0, t)) (h(0, t))] + EN ( ),
v(1, t)
(3)
= v 0 (1, t) 1 [ (v(1, t) + h(1, t)) (h(1, t))] + EN ( ),
v(x, 0) = v 0 (x, 0) = 0,
(4.6)
v C 0 (0, T ; H 1 ) C 1 (0, T ; L2 ) L (0, T ; H 2 ),

v 0 L (0, T ; H 1 ), v 00 L (0, T ; L2 ),
v(1, ) H 2 (0, T ),
v(0, ) H 2 (0, T ),
trong o
(1)
EN ( )
= (h)
N
X
F ,
(4.7)
||=1
(2)
EN ( )
N
X
= 0 (h(0, t))
Z ,
(4.8)
K .
(4.9)
||=1
(3)
EN ( )
= 1 (h(1, t))
N
X
||=1
Khi o ta co bo e sau:
Bo e 4.2. Neu (B1 ) va (B2 ) thoa. Th
(1)
||EN ( )||L (0,T ;L2 ) C1N || ||N +1 ,
(4.10)
(2)
||EN ( )||H 2 (0,T ) C2N || ||N +1 ,
(4.11)
Trang 46
Luan van toan hoc
(3)
||EN ( )||H 2 (0,T ) C3N || ||N +1 ,
(4.12)
cho moi = (, 0 , 1 ) R3+ , || || || || vi = ( , 0 , 1 ), va C1N , C2N , C3N la cac
hang so dng ch phu thuoc vao || ||, ||u ||L (0,T,H 1 ) , ||u0 ||L (0,T,H 1 ) , (|| N ).
Chng minh
at
u .
h = u0 + h1 , h1 =
(4.13)
1||N
Khai trien Taylor cua ham (h) = (u0 + h1 ) tai lan can iem u0 en cap N 1, ta co
(h) = (u0 ) +
N
1
X
k=1
hk1 (k)
(u0 ) +
k!
Z
0
N 1
hN
1 (1 )
(N ) (h1 + u0 )d
(N 1)!
(4.14)
T bo e 4.1 va (4.14), ta co
(h)
N
1
X
k=0
N
1
X
k=0
+
0
N
1
X
k=0
Z
+
0
(h)
1 (k)
(u0 )
k!
1 (k)
(u0 )
k!
! Z
T (k) [u] +
0
k||kN
T (k) [u] +
k||N 1
N 1
hN
1 (1 )
(N ) (h1 + u0 )d
(N 1)!
T (k) [u]
N ||kN
N 1
hN
1 (1 )
(N ) (h1 + u0 )d
(N 1)!
1 (k)
(u0 )
k!
X
k||N 1
! N 1
X 1
T (k) [u] +
(k) (u0 )
k!
k=0
T (k) [u]
N ||kN
N 1
hN
1 (1 )
(N ) (h1 + u0 )d,
(N 1)!
= (u0 ) +
N
1
X
||=1
= (u0 ) +
!
||
X
1 (k)
(1)
(u0 )T (k) [u] + RN ( , )
k!
k=1
N
X
||1
||=2,1 1
k=1
!
X 1
(1)
(k) (u0 )T (k) [u]1 1,2 ,3 + RN ( , ),
k!
(4.15)
Trang 47

trong o
(1)
RN ( , )
N
1
X
k=0
+
0
1 (k)
(u0 )
k!
T (k) [u]
N ||kN
N 1
hN
1 (1 )
(N ) (h1 + u0 )d.
(N 1)!
(4.16)
Hoan toan tng t, ta khai trien Taylor ham (h(0, t)) = (u0 (0, t) + h1 (0, t)) tai lan can
iem u0 (0, t) en cap N 1, ta co
(h(0, t))
= (u0 (0, t)) +
N
1
X
k=1
Z
+
0
hk1 (0, t) (k)

(u0 (0, t))
k!
N 1
hN
1 (0, t)(1 )
(N ) (h1 (0, t) + u0 (0, t))d.
(N 1)!
(4.17)
T bo e 4.1 va (4.17), ta co
(h(0, t))
N
1
X
k=0
+
0
N
1
X
k=0
+
0
N
1
X
k=0
N
1
X
k=0
Z
+
0
1 (k)
(u0 (0, t))
k!
T (k) [u(0, t)]
k||kN
N 1
hN
1 (0, t)(1 )
(N ) (h1 (0, t) + u0 (0, t))d
(N 1)!
1 (k)
(u0 (0, t))
k!
T (k) [u(0, t)] +
T (k) [u(0, t)]
N ||kN
k||N 1
N 1
hN
1 (0, t)(1 )
(N ) (h1 (0, t) + u0 (0, t))d
(N 1)!
1 (k)
(u0 (0, t))
k!
1 (k)
(u0 (0, t))
k!
T (k) [u(0, t)]
k||N 1
T (k) [u(0, t)]
N ||kN
N 1
hN
1 (0, t)(1 )
(N ) (h1 (0, t) + u0 (0, t))d,
(N 1)!
Trang 48
Luan van toan hoc
0 (h(0, t))
N
1
X
= 0 (u0 (0, t)) + 0
||=1
0 (h(0, t))
!
||
X
1 (k)
(2)
(u0 (0, t))T (k) [u(0, t)] + RN ( , )
k!
k=1
N
X
||1
||=2,2 1
k=1
= 0 (u0 (0, t)) +
!
X 1
(k) (u0 (0, t))T (k) [u(0, t)]1 ,2 1,3

k!
(2)
+ RN ( , ),
(4.18)
trong o
(2)
RN ( , )
= 0
N
1
X
k=0
+ 0
0
1 (k)
(u0 (0, t))
k!
T (k) [u(0, t)]
N ||kN
N 1
hN
1 (0, t)(1 )
(N ) (h1 (0, t) + u0 (0, t))d.
(N 1)!
(4.19)
Tng t, ta khai trien Taylor ham (h(1, t)) = (u0 (1, t) + h1 (1, t)) tai lan can iem u0 (1, t)
en cap N 1, ta co
1 (h(1, t))
= 1 (u0 (1, t))
N
X
||1
||=2,3 1
k=1
!
X 1 (k)
(u0 (1, t))T (k) [u(1, t)]1 ,2 ,3 1 (4.20)

k!
(3)
+ RN ( , ),
trong o
(3)
RN ( , )
= 1
N
1
X
k=0
+ 0
0
1 (k)
(u0 (1, t))
k!
T (k) [u(1, t)]
N ||kN
N 1
hN
(N )
1 (1, t)(1 )
(h1 (1, t) + u0 (1, t))d.
(N 1)!
(4.21)
Ket hp (4.3), (4.7), (4.15) va (4.16), ta c
(1)
EN ( )
= (h)
N
X
||=1
Trang 49

N
X
||1
||=2,1 1
k=1
= (u0 )
(1)
RN ( , )
N
X
!
X 1
(k) (u0 )T (k) [u]1 1,2 ,3

k!
||=1
(1)
= RN ( , ).
(4.22)
Tiep theo ta se anh gia so hang ve phai (4.22). Do cac ham u , Z3+ , || N b chan
trong khong gian L (0, T ; H 1 ) va cac bat ang thc
|| || || ||,
(4.23)
| | = | | = |1 02 13 | || ||1 || ||2 || ||3 = || |||| ,
(4.24)
|(k) (u0 )|
( 1)...( k)|u0 |k1

k1

,
( 1)...( k) 2||u0 ||L (0,T ;H 1 )
(4.25)
( 1)...( N )|u0 + h1 |N 1
|(N ) (u0 + h1 )|
( 1)...( N )(|u0 | + |h1 |)N 1 ,
(4.26)
N

N 1
X
( 1)...( N ) 2||u0 ||L (0,T ;H 1 ) +

||u ||L (0,T ;H 1 ) || ||||
||=1

N
|h1 | =

N
X
||=1
!N

N
X
!N
|u || |
||=1
N
X
!N
||u ||L (0,T ;H 1 ) || |||| (4.27)
||=1
T (4.16), (4.23)-(4.27), ta suy ra
(1)
|RN ( , )|
||
N
1
X
k=1
Z

+

1 (k)

(u0 )
k!

(k)
T [u]
N ||kN
hN (1 )N 1

1

(N )
(h1 + u0 )d

(N 1)!
Trang 50
Luan van toan hoc

N 1
X
|| ||
1
( 1)...( k)
k!
k=1 N ||kN

k1

(k)
2||u0 ||L (0,T ;H 1 )

T [u] || ||||
!N
N
X
1
+ || ||
||u ||L (0,T ;H 1 ) || ||||
(N 1)!
||=1
( 1)...( N )
N
N 1

X
2||u0 ||L (0,T ;H 1 ) +

.
||u ||L (0,T ;H 1 ) || ||||
||=1
Do o
(1)
||RN ( , )||L (0,T ;L2 ) C1N || ||N +1 ,
(4.28)
vi
C1N
N
1
X
k
C1
2||u0 ||L (0,T ;H 1 )
k1
||T (k) [u] ||L (0,T ;L2 ) || ||||N
k=1 N ||kN
N
N C1
|| ||N
2||u0 ||
L (0,T ;H 1 )
N
X
||u ||
L (0,T ;H 1 )
|| 1
,
|| ||
(4.29)
||=1
va
k
C1
=
( 1)( 2)...( k)
, = ( , 0 , 1 ).
k!
Tng t, ta co
(2)
||EN ( )||L2 (0,T ) C2N || ||N +1 ,
(4.30)
vi
C2N
N
1
X
k
C1
||u0 (0, )||
k1
L (0,T )
||T (k) [u(0, )] ||L (0,T ) || ||||N
k=1 N ||kN
N
T N C1
|| ||N
||u0 (0, )||L (0,T ) +
N
X
|| 1
||u (0, )||L (0,T ) || ||
, (4.31)
||=1
Trang 51

va
(3)
||EN ( )||L2 (0,T ) C3N || ||N +1 ,
(4.32)
vi
C3N
N
1
X
k
C1
||u0 (1, )||L (0,T )
k1
||T (k) [u(1, )] ||L (0,T ) || ||||N
k=1 N ||kN
N
T N C1
|| ||N
||u0 (1, )||L (0,T ) +
N
X
1
. (4.33)
||u (0, )||L (0,T ) || ||||
||=1
nh ly 4.3. Neu B1 va B2 thoa. Th vi moi R3+ , vi 0 , 0 0 0 ,

0 1 1 , bai toan (4.1) co nghiem yeu duy nhat thoa khai trien tiem can en cap N + 1
sau
||u0
u0 ||L (0,T ;L2 ) + ||u

u ||L (0,T ;H 1 )
X
||N
+ ||u0 (0, )
||N
u0 (0, ) ||L2 (0,T ) + ||u0 (1, )

u0 (1, ) ||L2 (0,T )
||N
||N
DN || ||N +1 .
(4.34)
Chng minh
Trc het, ta chu y rang neu nh thoa

0 , 0 0 0 , 0 1 1 ,
(4.35)
vi , 0 , 1 la cac hang so dng co nh. Th theo anh gia tien nghiem cua day cac {um }
trong chng minh nh ly 2.2 va nh ly 3.1 ta co
Z t
Z t
0
2
2
0
2
||um (t)|| + ||um (t)|| + 2
|um (0, s)| ds + 2
|u0m (1, s)|2 ds
0
MT , t [0, T ],
(4.36)
||u00m (t)||2
||u0m (t)||2
Z
+2
0
|u00m (1, s)|2 ds
Z
+2
|u00m (0, s)|2 ds
MT , t [0, T ],
(4.37)
Trang 52
Luan van toan hoc
vi MT la hang so ch phu thuoc vao T, u

0 , u
1 , f, , , 0 , 1 , , , (khong phu thuoc vao
). Do o, gii han u trong cac khong gian ham thch hp cua day {um } la nghiem yeu cua
bai toan (2.1) thoa cac anh gia tien nghiem (4.36), (4.37).
Nhan hai ve cua (4.6)1 vi v 0 , roi lay tch vo hng trong L2 (0, 1), sau o lay tch phan theo
t, ta c:
t
h (v(s) + h(s)) (h(s)), v 0 (s)ids
(t) = 2
0
20
Z t

(v(0, s) + h(0, s)) (h(0, s)) v 0 (0, s)ds
Z t

21
(v(1, s) + h(1, s)) (h(1, s)) v 0 (1, s)ds
0
Z t
Z t
Z t
0
0
(2)
(3)
(1)
EN ( )v 0 (1, s)ds
EN ( )v (0, s)ds + 2
+ 2
hEN ( ), v (s)ids 2
0
(4.38)
= K1 + K2 + K3 + K4 + K5 + K6 ,
trong o
0
(t) = ||v (t)|| + ||v(t)|| + 2
t
0
|v (0, s)| ds + 2
0
|v 0 (1, s)|2 ds
(4.39)
Bang cach ly luan tng t nh tren, ta co the chng minh rang nghiem yeu u cua bai toan
P(, 0 ,1 ) thoa
0
||u (t)|| + ||u(t)|| + 2
t
0
|u (0, s)| ds + 2
0
|u0 (1, s)|2 ds
MT , t [0, T ].
(4.40)
Ma MT khong phu thuoc vao . Hn na

||u(t)||2H 1
= ||u(t)||2 + ||u(t)||2
Z t
||u0 (s)||2 ds + ||u(t)||2
2||u(0)||2 + 2t
0
Z t
2||u(0)||2 + 2t
MT ds + MT
0
2
2T MT + 2MT .
(4.41)
Trang 53

Suy ra
||u||L (0,T ;H 1 )
||h||L (0,T ;H 1 )
2T 2 MT + 2MT R2 ,
||u ||L (0,T ;H 1 ) || |||| R1 .
(4.42)
(4.43)
||N
Ly luan tng t nh (3.44), ta co

Z t
Z t
2
2
||v(s)|| ds T
(s)ds.
0
anh gia so hang K1 = 2
(4.44)
0
t
h (v(s) + h(s)) (h(s)), v 0 (s)ids.
Ta co
K1
|| (v(s) + h(s)) (h(s))||||v 0 (s)||ds

0
Z t
2
2( 1)R
||v(s)||||v 0 (s)||ds
0
Z t

2
2
0
2
( 1)R
||v(s)|| + ||v (s)|| ds
0

Z t
( 1)R2 T 2 + 1
(s)ds,
(4.45)
vi
R = max{ 2R1 , 2R2 }.

Z th
i
(v(0, s) + h(0, s)) (h(0, s)) v 0 (0, s)ds.
0
Ta co
Z
K2
| (v(0, s) + h(s)) (h(0, s))||v 0 (0, s)|ds

0
Z t
2
2( 1)0 R3
|v(0, s)||v 0 (0, s)|ds
0
Z t
Z
1 t 0
2 2
2
[2( 1)0 R3 ]
|v(0, s)| ds +
|v (0, s)|2 ds
4 0
0
Z t
1
2T [( 1)0 R32 ]2
(s)ds + (t),
8
0
20
(4.46)
Trang 54
Luan van toan hoc
vi
R3 = max{ 2||u(0, )||H 1 (0,T ) , 2||h(0, )||H 1 (0,T ) }.

Z th
i
(v(1, s) + h(1, s)) (h(1, s)) v 0 (1, s)ds.
(4.47)
Tng t nh tren
K3
2T [(
1)1 R42 ]2
Z
0
1
(s)ds + (t),
8
(4.48)
vi
R4 = max{ 2||u(1, )||H 1 (0,T ) , 2||h(1, )||H 1 (0,T ) }.

Z t
(1)
hEN ( ), v 0 (s)ids.
(4.49)
Ta co
(1)
2
||EN ( )||||v 0 (s)||ds
0
Z t
Z t
2
(1)
||v 0 (s)||2 ds
||EN ( )|| ds +
0
0
Z t
T (C1N || ||N +1 )2 +
(s)ds.
K4
(4.50)
Z
0
Ta co
(2)
EN ( )v 0 (0, s)ds.
K5

Tng t nh tren
Z
1 t 0
2
+
|v (0, s)|2 ds
2 0
0
1
2(C2N || ||N +1 )2 + (t).

4
Z
Z
0
(2)
|EN ( )|2 ds
(4.51)
(3)
EN ( )v 0 (1, s)ds.
K6
2(C3N || ||N +1 )2 + (t).

4
(4.52)
T (4.36)-(4.37), (4.43)-(4.44), (4.46), (4.48)-(4.50), ta co

Z t

2N +2
2
2
2
(t) 4 T C1N + 2C2N + 2C3N || ||
+ 1
(s)ds,
(4.53)
Trang 55

vi
!
1 = 4 ( 1)R2 (T 2 + 1) + 2T [( 1)0 R32 ]2 + 2T [( 1)1 R42 ]2 + 1 . (4.54)
Theo bo e Gronwall, ta co t (4.51)

2
2
2
(t) 4 T C1N
+ 2C2N
+ 2C3N
|| ||2N +2 eT 1
C4N || ||2N +2 ,
(4.55)
vi moi t [0, T ] va moi R3+ thoa , ta co

0
||v (t)|| + ||v(t)|| + 2
t
0
|v (0, s)| ds + 2
0
|v 0 (1, s)|2 ds C4N || ||2N +2 .
(4.56)
Do o
||v 0 ||L (0,T ;L2 )
+ ||v||L (0,T ;L2 ) + ||v 0 (0, )||L2 (0,T ) ) + ||v 0 (1, )||L2 (0,T )
DN || ||N +1 ,
(4.57)
hay
||u0
u0 ||L (0,T ;L2 ) + ||u

u ||L (0,T ;H 1 )
X
||N
+ ||u0 (0, .)
||N
u0 (0, .) ||L2 (0,T ) + ||u0 (1, .)

u0 (1, .) ||L2 (0,T )
||N
DN || ||N +1 ,
||N
(4.58)
vi moi t [0, T ] va moi R3+ va || || || ||, va hang so DN khong phu thuoc vao .
Vay nh ly 4.3 a c chng minh xong.
Ket luan
Qua luan van nay, tac gia thc s c lam quen vi cong viec nghien cu khoa hoc mot
cach nghiem tuc va co he thong. Tac gia hoc tap c phng phap nghien cu qua viec oc
tai lieu va thao luan trong nhom sinh hoat hoc thuat do Thay TS. Nguyen Thanh Long to chc,
hieu c cac cong cu cua giai tch ham phi tuyen trong viec nghien cu tnh giai c cua bai
toan phi tuyen nh: phng phap chng minh s ton tai va duy nhat nghiem cua bai toan bien
phi tuyen vi ieu kien bien hon hp bang phng phap xap x Galerkin lien he vi mot so k
thuat anh gia tien nghiem, k thuat ve tnh compact va s hoi tu yeu. Ngoai ra, chung toi con
dung nh ly Schauder e chng minh s ton tai nghiem xap x Galerkin.
Luan van gom 4 chng, trong o noi dung chnh cua luan van tap trung cac chng 2,
3 va 4.
chng 2, chung toi nghien cu bai toan phi tuyen
utt uxx + |u|2 u = f (x, t) , 0 < x < 1 , 0 < t < T ,
ux (0, t) ut (0, t) 0 |u(0, t)|2 u(0, t) = 0,
ux (1, t) + ut (1, t) + 1 |u(1, t)|2 u(1, t) = 0,
u(x, 0) = u0 (x),
ut (x, 0) = u1 (x),
trong o , , > 1 va , 0 , 1 > 0 la cac hang so, u0 H 1 , u1 L2 , f L2 (QT ).

Bang cach s dung cac phng phap neu tren chung toi a chng minh c s ton tai va duy
56
Trang 57

nhat nghiem yeu cua bai toan,
u L (0, T ; H 1 ), u0 L (0, T ; L2 ),
u(0, ) H 1 (0, T ), u(1, ) H 1 (1, T ).
Hn na, neu , , 2 th nghiem yeu la duy nhat.
Trong chng 3, chung toi nang mot so ieu kien gia thiet len nh , , 2, u0 H 2 , u1 H 1 , f
L2 (QT ), f 0 L2 (QT ) va nh o nghiem yeu cua bai toan c trn hn, cu the la
u L (0, T ; H 2 ), u0 L (0, T ; H 1 ), u00 L (0, T ; L2 ),
u(0, ) H 2 (0, T ), u(1, ) H 2 (0, T ).
Trong chng 4, chung toi khai trien tiem can nghiem yeu cua bai toan theo ba tham so
, 0 , 1 en cap N + 1
||u0
u0 ||L (0,T ;L2 ) + ||u

u ||L (0,T ;H 1 )
X
||N
+ ||u0 (0, )
||N
X
||N
u0 (0, ) ||L2 (0,T ) + ||u0 (1, )

u0 (1, ) ||L2 (0,T )
||N
DN || ||N +1 .
Tac gia a au t tm hieu, nghien cu tai lieu va van dung kien thc a hoc e hoan thanh luan
van. Tuy nhien s hieu biet con han che cua ban than, tac gia rat mong c hoc hoi nhieu
hn qua s ch bao quy bau cua Thay Co trong va ngoai hoi ong cham luan van.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

[1]
Nguyen Thuc An, Nguyen Dinh Trieu, Shock between absolutely solid body and elastic
bar with the elastic viscous frictional resistance at the side, J. Mech. NCSR. Vietnam, 13
(2) (1991) 1 - 7.
[2]
M. Bergounioux, Nguyen Thanh Long, Alain Pham Ngoc Dinh, Mathematical model for a
shock problem involving a linear viscoelastic bar, Nonlinear Anal. 43 (5) (2001) 547 - 561.
[3]
H. Brezis, Analyse fonctionnelle. Theorie et Applications, Masson Paris, 1983.
[4]
J. L. Lions, Quelques methodes de resolution des problems aux limites non-lineaires,

Dunod; Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1969.
[5]
Nguyen Thanh Long, Alain Pham Ngoc Dinh, On the quasilinear wave equation: utt
u + f (u, ut ) = 0 associated with a mixed nonhomogeneous condition, Nonlinear Anal.
19 (7) (1992) 613 - 623.
[6]
Nguyen Thanh Long, Alain Pham Ngoc Dinh, A semilinear wave equation associated with
a linear differential equation with Cauchy data, Nonlinear Anal. 24 (8) (1995) 1261 - 1279.
[7]
Nguyen Thanh Long, Alain Pham Ngoc Dinh, Tran Ngoc Diem, On a shock problem
involving a nonlinear viscoelastic bar, Bound. Value Probl. 2005 (3) 337 - 358.
[8]
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nonlinear integral equation, Demonstratio Math. 36 (4) (2003), 915-938.
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Nguyen Thanh Long, Nguyen Cong Tam, Nguyen Thi Thao Truc, On the nonlinear
wave equation with the mixed nonhomogeneous conditions: Linear approximation and
asymptotic expansion of solution, Demonstratio Math. 38 (2) (2005) 365 - 386.
[10] Nguyen Thanh Long, Le Xuan Truong, Existence and asymptotic expansion for a viscoelastic problem with a mixed nonhomogeneous condition, Nonlinear Analysis, Theory, Methods
& Applications, Series A: Theory and Methods, 67 (3) (2007) 842 - 864.
[11] Nguyen Thanh Long, Le Thi Phuong Ngoc, On nonlinear boundary value problems for
nonlinear wave equations, Vietnam J. Math. 37 (2 - 3)(2009) 141 - 178.
[12] Le Thi Phuong Ngoc, Le Nguyen Kim Hang, Nguyen Thanh Long, On a nonlinear wave
equation associated with the boundary conditions involving convolution, Nonlinear Analysis,
Theory, Methods & Applications, Series A: Theory and Methods, 70 (11) (2009) 3943 - 3965.
[13] Le Thi Phuong Ngoc, Le Khanh Luan, Tran Minh Thuyet, Nguyen Thanh Long, On
the nonlinear wave equation with the mixed nonhomogeneous conditions: Linear approximation and asymptotic expansion of solutions, Nonlinear Analysis, Theory, Methods &
Applications, Series A: Theory and Methods, 71 (11) (2009) 5799 - 5819.
[14] Le Xuan Truong, Le Thi Phuong Ngoc, Alain Pham Ngoc Dinh, Nguyen Thanh Long,
The regularity and exponential decay of solution for a linear wave equation associated
with two-point boundary conditions, Nonlinear Analysis, Series B: Real World Applications,
11(3) (2010) 1289 - 1303.

Phuong Trinh Song

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AI HOC QUOC GIA TP.

PHNG TRNH SONG PHI TUYEN VI

LUAN VAN THAC S TOAN HOC

Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh - 2011

AI HOC QUOC GIA TP. HO CH MINH

PHNG TRNH SONG PHI TUYEN VI

NGI HNG DAN KHOA HOC

Luan van thac s toan hoc - Chuyen nganh Giai Tch

Le Hu Ky Sn - Cao hoc Giai Tch K18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trang 3

Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh, ngay 20 thang 11 nam 2010

1 KIEN THC CHUAN B

Mot so khong gian ham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Khong gian ham Lp (0, T ; X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

ao ham trong Lp (0, T ; X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Luan van toan hoc

4 KHAI TRIEN TIEM CAN CUA NGHIEM YEU THEO BA THAM SO BE (, 0 , 1 )

Tai lieu tham khao

Le Hu Ky Sn - Cao hoc Giai Tch K18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trang 6

u (1, t) + u (1, t) + |u(1, t)|2 u(1, t) = 0,

trong o , , > 1, , 0 , 1 > 0 cac hang so, u

utt uxx + f (u, ut ) = 0, 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,

ux (0, t) hu (0, t) = g (t) , u (1, t) = 0,

trong o h > 0 la mot hang so cho trc va f, g, u

Luan van toan hoc

Trong [1], Nguyen Thuc An va Nguyen nh Trieu a nghien cu bai toan

utt uxx + ut + Ku = F (x, t), 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,

trong o K1 0, 1 > 0 la cac hang so cho trc.

utt (t)uxx + K |u|

ut = F (x, t), 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,

utt uxx + f (u, ut ) = 0, 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,

ux (0, t) = P (t) , u (1, t) = 0,

Le Hu Ky Sn - Cao hoc Giai Tch K18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trang 8

Luan van thac s toan hoc - Chuyen nganh Giai Tch

(t)ux (0, t) = g0 (t) +

(t)ux (1, t) = g1 (t) +

utt uxx = f (x, t, u, ux , ut ) , 0 < x < 1, 0 < t < T,

ux (0, t) h0 u (0, t) = g0 (t) , u (1, t) = g1 (t) ,

trong o h0 > 0 la mot hang so cho trc va f, g0 , g1 , u

Luan van toan hoc

ux (0, t) = g (t) , u (1, t) = 0,

([ (u) + 1 1 (u)] ux ) = f (x, t, u, ux , ut )

ux (0, t) = g (t) , u (1, t) = 0,

Luan van thac s toan hoc - Chuyen nganh Giai Tch

theo ngha can phai ch ra cac ham u

Le Hu Ky Sn - Cao hoc Giai Tch K18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trang 11

KIEN THC CHUAN B

Mot so khong gian ham

u00 (t) utt (t) u

va || || la chuan sinh bi tch vo hng (1.1), tc la

Luan van thac s toan hoc - Chuyen nganh Giai Tch

vi tch vo hng c nh ngha tng ng la h, iH 1 va h, iH 2 , xac nh bi

= hu, vi + hux , vx i + huxx , vxx i.

||u||2 + ||ux ||2

2v (y) + 2||vx ||2 .

Le Hu Ky Sn - Cao hoc Giai Tch K18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trang 13

Luan van toan hoc

Tch phan (1.11) theo bien y, can t 0 en 1, ta c

Bo e 1.1 c chng minh xong.

tuyen tnh lien tuc tren H 1 . Do o T (H 1 )0 .

trong o T c xac nh (1.15) va hT , vi(H 1 )0 ,H 1 = h, vi.

Luan van thac s toan hoc - Chuyen nganh Giai Tch

suy ra L2 c nhung lien tuc vao trong (H 1 )0 .

Luan van toan hoc