Dana Cojocaru You CAN speak ROMANIAN! (Manual 4 companiaMacheea realizrea: compan. edactarea: Adina Keneres Procesare computerizath: Ilana Linc, ogln Constistnesca Precesare filma Creprint Tipe ta Lumias Tipo esse CIP Bison Noe (CojoCARU Dan os pRamin Na ts ont oa Bins. Bevo snin40 sisi compa 2008 3% Po on Boga He 16 Secor 1, 010835 Bes Hd:211 S964 Be 1 48 eh cre 2106650 2106 94 onl: compare ‘ocean [ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5) kon is ek me oe yl mgr ore US £ Department of Edt, the Core Se, Burns and Ese Faropean St se andthe Deparment of vie Languge nd Leratire a De Unters {am indebed wo Profesor Ena Andrews and Profeir Julie ee (Due Uni ‘erp as ell at Peesor Ron Festina Unies Blom) {nd Profesor lana Chora (Drtouth Cale), hon ight professional em ‘mens, cits and encouragement conte to espn ibook Iwan to thank the menber ving profesor and stl the Sie Deparnent and of | the Center for Sie, Eurasian and East European Stain at Duke Uneray Gra li hte Gah uno, De cs oon Mica! Neve, Ted Wale, Toy Wibans, Cl Wight, Bana Glare, Erg Solr, rns Gabva, Care Langue, Marna Micros, Elena Petsson stan, Alson Rowley Alcsnd Vikoroy, Lia Vitro, Boy Haye, Si Reiner: They were days ren to answer my queton sod afer suppor Speci and hare hanks ol my sant ke and cere, who cently [nlped me by prosiding imalanbl Tedback wil tein al the rated cs, aa making th lente fn Ebert, As Mand Csr, ar (Cis Ela Kis Gile, Ben Gare lier Gilt, Mist Mites, Sis Nepe, Jenn Nov, Rachel Oe, Con Por, Jouve Richardion, Daniel Swanwick, (Cola Tein Willams 1am ao gate othe suor of eater Romanian ebooks ~ thee thought and perience were hs ell nd ping omeARE YOU READY ? G fl | ees start then! With qui. You are $ (9) war wo wil end ome ne in ths prof Eastern Ea {someone who plea odo une in Romania = {©)2 NGO volunteer no wants top Ranen pope in ned {@dplomators peor working wt nitration erie in Romania {0)astalet major in legs, Eat Earopenn sudan, ple scence, ste ahitora ora member frac eam who cede nso Rents ti deme oi nice pron who har 3 Romanian glen or bofiend (Qensdso"a” ngags Ms ) other ye aos ft dino let yo a Ro si And yo leaning ope an any Romar x Soak ty nee youl ad moe ble Seme years cating with end na huge Americ spa al whee sete cae nr sed “What Ln ef Spt a P81 ‘erylapy net gusionneoe whem hn nt een sles pt + omar on the map, ar ay bo Drs mat a seal cw nga somthing ose o “ea pith Ince, Remasion rs Romance nage ‘lr to Spanish, bt al olin, Prague, Fes ur tat Ra ‘especial aniong other Romance languages. Over the cents twas inn ced by numero idioms, abiorbed many cultural paterns, borrowed alt of Foreign words Nevertcles preserved ts yry ld structure, sat othe cogil Lain comes rom, 5 titi prtir mise of gine Latin mens aed mall fences at makes Romanian fiat, aght Romanian x Dake Universi the USA. ted dcoveed tht hs corbnion reaction among nga rue ith my st ‘dns ae wel. This ery “exotica” matted the to hee sgging with 2 langage that is ot cry olan, but uncovers ch, calengig and rewarding repertoire. Pople are tracted bys langage that has hve werd for lve” one ‘ng fom Ltn or”) and two of Save origin ube” and “ages” [otto menton ster moder ahr “inertia!” synonyms chs actin. 5 pe" or pane” The ens of mystudens and the generous support of te * Centro Sane, Euan and Et Erpean Ste ot Du Unser seu for ny enurge tote ad ee srogh he projet of wring ths Ramanan tx thu for matated English speaking adult learner. Thope the wll have the opportunity to daca a whole new ingaste and cata univers. ‘Ana I hve restos to ble thi not jut wif hiking. Yu con speak Ro- ‘aan ws meant tobe a new and lable tol for my stents. And it stood the test My students reilly learned Romani ad hey al survived this expe enc, kh sme flr was requ, Ths book snot ofthe earner Ianguage-in-icruple-of days” ype. “Thoghout my en yeare long experience of eachgfregs languages many pple asked me to help them “hve « conversation”. Unfortantey this is but pte tops! Afterall you an use sg guage, ravings, even crying you fe Xestina foreign envionment, but ve don! words nthe loi weal ot make a big dlference. Learning fog Inge sould help you under- ‘ind whit te ote” sy and think Inter tothe pews on User TV chanel, ‘esd her nenpapers, xpresr your ow Hen sng the sae means they do. Ay language rove the way in which an enize communi thinks, Ines and tect ies Therefore ening ny Trego langue ts worthwhile. The question {show to doit"? You could memorize a cictonry ora conversation guide, but thir does not mean you will eer be able to make youself undertood Storing» lit of words and pase, and ae of boring gamma rles is not ‘ard, Tne cul challenge how t master wel-strctured boy of words and ‘ales, and ler howto we them nore to communi, This presily theancern ofthis book: tach you how to build word forms and sentences, how to generate meanngfltretches of language: In ether wed to each yout both grammar and conversational srategies, to make ste tha you can fly ‘communicate in Romanian, ranma thre the one of ht ok. Eh rate so corre th compre expt wl lin rcs ol sich ead th he tr a yes const ny een torent Fort, on pag 282 ou wl als ngs of nap ik onbied insrese part prone Dont wor) Fou we not pected tomemor litt ch Baily or fps how cone re Inponony th sac abe hand Maeoey rongboe te aaa {otrtomin gun nvr conse el Eh got However grammar isnot an end intel For example, good command ofthe subjunctive i nots coil regiment, but he rly my fo get srs a important message such as“ want ext Al the gramme point sr inte. Ip introduced by means of extensive dilogses tha fe saps of ara and ‘vid contemporary Remanin speech, These dogs even imply fae srt, estations, interrupted sentences, repetitions and other migrormance hit common ligge textbooks Ignore. Grammar notes are aay supported by samples in genuine” Romana showing dearest patterns, patil t the ‘writen Inguage, and sworpart exchanges, cirateratc of the spoken lan age. Each grammar polnt alowed y execs, thos f them do suggest Ing loge Literary excerpts (both prose sn poetry minh fom coterie "ey authors) and some other pes of Roman writen ext (uch os new pe arcs, product presentation etc) are tobe found in he second bal of the book, They ae meant to offer aditional vocabulary and structures, end help the sadent ge acquated with Romanian iterstur. There are no pric sections dedicated to cultural tpi since information on ar, ction and traditions is incorporsted in each chapter, Yau cn ak Romanian side nto then chapters ach cape or ‘ponte a cnpetensve neti For fetace,Chpter (de GSted wo “uvelig and docs theme richie of tonpertton”, “helo canons poe snl pp choy ea seh akg scum "ping to cee ach caper compris thee secon. Seton 1 Grd log) in- ‘lakes convertion pate ran henner eel {nt aio comms Sich dupes phe lent become iar wh word sears and intresting ca! apse, and deep comet {Eisen worare gen sch hy eprint et ogee ath tir Sietonary form thay Sudan in crete sant pd moro a= {ermton on mgr ne Ror neal ng). Sn find creases tin Secon | foes oy nding the anmsrprobins SKuucl wine apa el so le xen wt se el ing mont momorie wer nd ner hog pet. Son umm proves deta xpnatos Fete ery norpho- lng or stacey Each raat em aeconpanl by emery camp of lange pedrd oar one Stat pot tein! ono exthange se sings tated no Engi in thei al efthe bok sch tran altins re mete set nth anced Shapes, ast ta stent con sndentand example toa te ee ete it tet eon Et a ot {Thi cred feo en epg et pro his ber common Se ne neds valy none wht Stra sanded Bagi oul be ke Each oc uner dacoson i falowe by cases of ous ISI intel eur sme cmon ah om Eh io Rom ening tern te Les ef eo ba as elope wing sts of grea net nich shat ae of ll od seis erp Secon 3 (comer) big together cbr st prises, converts Sp, vous te larg eran spice Ser oe kd lok wp ‘itlown words in he dicta he seni he onary tbe ‘stay tomcmoror eer Layton contemporary aur, tekst to fe prt we of oman sb people's meniy = sang ‘cape hare avy fob inh ect nation, tes {rol moll of dee ona tts charset, resus, pe tbe. Execs wt ths eton site comertion sb ths help opr {renlonl commentato sl “Thre appendices provide comprehensive erence osm parca pects of Romanian: phono change within one word eb forms ard aux hed ncompeund tere eal omnis /bomographs. No lossry mar Sled since the basic wcbulry ie ty gen aftr each intron da bao repented trp samples and exercies, Moreover, 9 pur SUfbsmy cll oe pte sony “The main aantage ofthis thre-sction structure I hat sections an be ap pronched a carey independent modules, Section 1 of each chapter can be andl diety by sdent wo already hae some basic hnowedge of the0 eee ere SES ait ncn et eta ty csp katy san me edi tt rn ing Bray ate feta cg elo sage works. It can al leah = ses oor bpe aa lee ory ctseranaeen itt la oc io seer ieee erent -Lain Unga the enemies teeny Raman ogg. tems ef ovrity Romany rey set ln, Tae Romani laggy ithe velo the evktn of the Lan pon in Daca and Moe afer they were conquered sd sensed by the Roman Enpite The lands arth of te Danube inbabited by Dain, were conquered the begin ofthe 2 cee tory but the tere seth ofthe Danae hed aren ben ocapied to ‘rr: before. The poplin nig sound the Dae vel rd ieee commune anther sei Head spa ve were ery dose Ininany way The Remon clei spoke te vera vero of Latin coed Yip Latin wbich difered fom clad Latin The province of Dac wa Colonie ri nd Latin proved to be tng enough 0 mbes sini ite the ain det. Hvis po out lent ch a th pac he Roan rule, ety Chstay and he dy oda ie that conned a Da ‘Mr the wih of he Ron admiisron 27, An ibaa dey conde tht the oasormatin of Latin int new ngage Beg ey soon ier clotenin, when the bios beeen the congcron and th taal poplin Became rea. Howes, hs aa ey Jong proces, nd Sica ste ecacty bonito complete. Mot expert ape at ne 10" entry Romanian wa send ne ‘Ove the centuries, the new anguge experienced numerous extemal nuences, ‘mola de lac lee Atte grammtil lee, Ramanisnis one of the mos ‘comeratie Romance langues This obvi de os situon~ speakers 2stelngid to a emote, order aro, ole rom thers of he Roman weld. Some peilsts consider Romani the most sthenticer “pre” Rome lt ‘nage. The nature ofthe Romanian lngige, expel ts vcsbuy, as been Shaped by various soures and influences The Romain langage bas asin Ine Ska, Hungarian, Trish, and neo Romance element, “he gamma structure and the bse word stock of the Romanian language Je Been inosted fem Latin. Asi ale other Remance logge, Ro ‘mani there Is 2sabsuatam (ie. thove elements ofthe nitive diets ich vere incorporated into th Vulgar Lan) ard a supersuatu (the new ee. ‘ment tht penetrated the new Romania ingaage 3 rel of the vaio of the migratory peoples) n Romanian, the aubseatam x Dacian and dhe nip ‘srtum i most Sai The element ofthe slseatam are ict to ently, since there are no reable sources. The etetaunasimeusly acepted by He ust woul be the comparison withthe Albani linguip, consered tobe te ‘det continuation ofthe Thracian diners. Specialists ave sted the Rom sian guage in comparison wits other Haan language in an tempt to find word of Dacian aig. Some 160 suck word hve been Sentiied they are rebated to he buman body lanl rdaonships, past acti, arcu, ‘ideale, piasctae,e Conc wih tbe Sie des atest the 6 or 7 tury. The Sic dies tence Romi, te ppssten bth nor an ut of he ame andthe ences aged con ngs ele tha he the Sede cet began to nace Romanian te Iter ws aad «ae gino own ght Fire ofall bee Rowen merpbelogy pred ‘ES nue tain sutured een rea poe ep ie for Tat id no ope on the new les sent coming om te Sine peste 1Lisiportant to mention tht Romanian didnot experience the inluence of {easel Latinas other Romance lnguages did. In the Cathal are (ty £ France, Spin), Tatn was the language of culture and religion, wile Sonic ‘was used inthe Orthodox Church ad inthe adainisraton of the Rowan ‘States: Until th 19 cenary, Reman text were aowrisen in Oil, wih, djustments for certain phone estes of Romanian Its therfore not sur rng that atthe end ofthe 18% and the begining othe 19 centary there ‘merged among Romanian intellectuals srr tecten asin the Sve lems preset in the language A proces of tematic e-Latinizaton of Ro- mand began, manly supported by Romani writers, As rena tase ‘amount of terns borrowed from other Romance languages penetrated Rome 6 | an tings research shows tht 209% of he Romain wesbaary iin |) Reta rm an 96a Sr trrovngs (OS, ura, Ser, Co | in Usain Rai), 2.37% Grek browns, 217% Hang bor | rowing, 2756 ih, 2385 German, 3496 Pech, 249% boron ms BeBe tt 175 beng i ali Th ay ene i Romani whote org cannot be eablbed precy The morintene nd | stn nunc in Romanian toy 3 in other Laropean and expec ast | ropa ngage tht of Amen nga | | | omni sce apace ge ih ton peony One Sin tincy saver ad ened aoa ca bain Oso oner han ntti opener aces Sry oe a ae a ea car at me cane cd ssa ee eee ree cn ee ceed Sriay a etree | 8D) reonouncing, reading, writing. derstanding the structure ofthe language | Oren tom ent ® © @ OOOO © the omanian alphabet @ "The Romanian wring syste ery lot othe Tin oe, The Latin phe | pois ted, ie aida tere ar formed with daria! math: As 4; ty §, ys Fs fin reding ad wg Romania, the gene rule a at ne | ener corresponds to one Sound. There are, howere, some ituatos in which sever eters correspond to one sound, or ever sounds o one letter. “The eter ofthe Romani alphabet ae: Ma GiA;4 Gdns); Bb G:C. (oD. 80; 5 6 FE (Ge/ eG. g Ghe/ ge): Hh ba /hap), Wi Gs 4 Gini); fj Ges Ke k (bade logan); 11 ee); Mm (me /em);N, m (een): 0, 0 (0); Pap pedi Ror oe/ 2); 8.8 (6 /e);$o9 Ges Tete) Ts £60: Uw) V,¥ GO): Xx (6) Z, 2 e/a, In English, pope ally ned to mame the eters to spell words. In Rom sn, given the phone principle of wring Ce write 24 we pronounce, we een a we write) peng is only necessary whan thee le besation om how $ tev proper name or ery unconimon word. Inordrtomake dearer the a”sg of on paren fair ames of op of pe string ith | Examples tht ler ar ed aa refrence erm ntodued bythe prepostion del (with the sand / fe For nace, te quston Cum ses «Dirhams? Ha dow Letter Sound Atri fren “Duron cn be sonnel tha way’ De Te Dee fence dy det positions) Uitte Rosy R def Rac fener, de fe Hor (re Te nae, A de fa An (eae mans) M de fa Mari (era nae) ‘when followed by | [kJ —consonant, cap bad mag shit, abiowe [plies cement ed, ‘The sounds corresponding to the letters are ‘consonants, or in voiceless like actor actor, aera sour fi poten femear ite goups | ft consonan, | chenar ade, a Ld ‘che, chit pplosive, palatal, -rachetd rocket, foiea;Itekce | ctor pia, ae i=ore, | Yeemerkennel | och pston cena pe depopeceact {tf “ spa fae, Stguiyrcnded; [poor cmdegopecect |tif)—comonm, |r dy efoce eo, Soar ain agi se, cam prepa, | fee anes father trer | pjama pa wokinn ch | Be wi,dco, ki ial=vore, indo chance sith Sma, pen, | ma, orb rp Sigh rude,” | pte ac, | [ea Taj eawomnt | day es, Mubriesiaabout, | Opéra, | pose, deel,” | rd sew, crioeriamother | pala tox | fotedsmiaeto | adie nin, Tatler doa [igh vowel, abated, | Ain dare bt vragen ecoccarin ital | cenma cote, ‘and | dentabneaheslar | Sanden poston arche—amoundedstis | dn | beginning ofa word) | pronounced Paine bre, | [e]—wore front, | leant slephans, tliat pen [omer the | Cat gg | faleopn tment; | bre la, Gttheend ctaword) | tod fiir toctnsend [ene treme ‘ote lene, bt ere ene fer bak ole msomepenond | ert 2 ponte sound Proanesdrm | odo bebe nd Glievabaftote | seri Bb [B)—consonant, | Bare Tat bine gal, ‘inti position, tls | era wd be pose bibs | red ree, preceded ye foied Ike Binbar | ad ese, Soro! staat hho pre-oale, semivowel front, |e beating, semsabic atopen roast | ede om, cad 2 »hth end / Letter Sound ter in different positions) RF T= cinnant, [far igion, fica, ab-dena, [flare owe, eles; ike Cin far | fcr bie, pref Ge when towed y | fg)—comonant, | gard ese gin hen, ab ao.mor pose, ve, nd xg, ‘ontonant Fn gu et, fl postion arment or grade [grad gee, alum iy [fag back ee ~in the groupe Fglconenant, | ghoar ase, ght lose, pala,” | Inga soem, Toil ike gin get | ghd pa, rg, bore pall | ghindd en tpl oper a inthe groups ge gt | [s)—consonant, | gen gnc ager uc, Fas, prep, | @ merge owe Toicels ie injob’ | ging ogg, epephione hh Tiyconsonant, [Bind eo, Fate, ote deso, voiedet;Hetia hi | Aran od, ution mse Ti nin postion | —vewe fot, Joti tea, Tefire consonant; [dese umounded; | mil millon, Snmedil poston, [longer tan dhe shore ¢ fab low in inl pln finwin nd shorer | geri wind, ‘when stened and | than thelng in deep | mands proud L), er the groups tape) yey dst tr Tine hhc sound (wit tater Sound | tern aterene positions) ini postion | semiowel aad wines, Iefore som, Front cose, epuse i, inf postion wiroinded;tkey | aiubi wine, Ser avonel nyeroriniay) | ca cn, ‘venta pu chicken infil postion shor semiowel, | une we £) ser cosonanty | rot clo, unre | afb we (mp), nowsyabie Indi te plat | ma! pops pL), ctarcerafthe | drag dor By ‘roviouscomcuant | pol pen ld a pL, a es pal ot res Tim dislener occas] 6)—vomeh linger oe, fhe beiningorat | cea cose, Ietdnpare ns, theend srawerds | wsvounded; car pdm [ininl orBaal | Se sme soon as fora | mulindigt bed Posllon, a well the begining of the second component of compound word W {gh comnant cate, pre-paltl, voiced; ibe sin Pleasure Rake | ana, sonipocorsin few | poi, cl eles eclogs fie kintey ur = svat, Fre deal; He il au2 Letter Sound Tie Tr ~ sone al ‘sal ie mo man Na T= sora al, dena; ike min ose | emad nom, nue en 9 {tnd were, ban ny abun 25 0 mle postions | fol—vowel bak, | aces, orag i, exept dic one below | hal-open, rounded; | bl ab, cocp cock Teo order 2] ~presoes, seminowes tack, [oie sep, onelabie Ip, roomed | jena tot aid (pl—consonant, | poker daw, capaci, lose bib, | aphex, amp np, foicdensHkep | pe perp body Inpeace pte RF T= onan rlled, | md Fane, apical dental orl mer Start rin bread | pabar gh rt a, bated arn mt 3a [B= consonant, sare sem ps fave, dental) [ps se, vt nen, oicdesitles | axa bea insound 5 Tf] soncnant, [arp ole : fra, rept, | ome mse, oleles ike shin’ | waptepa wa, sharp lepomet Letter Sound Te T= sensor, pose, dental, voledes; sinfar ‘inal in team, bre ental, not aol Tr Te] — consonant ete dental, cle ke in ts te wiih postions | fe} —rowel back, ‘except one below | dove, ounded; 5 Ike win vale 2 | — pre-and senivonel, 5 powevoae, back, close, rounded onsylic We win want Vw T= coment, ‘leat ablondena, voled ike vin voice =x Tal — gop Five cononan: ee le group of comonnt: gt a [e]—consonant, |r, e020, cate, dental void; | dd ry. gop, Ike in zero dard wrk 1 orelge words, especlly proper nouns ees ike Q. qs We: Yey ts ©, 8; ee ae used eg. Quine, Washington, Miller, Bdhm, yoga, New York, ‘exc Ava ule, fregn words are pronounced in Romanian 3 clove as pose to de foreign language they come from. 3@ Poxenitsicaties related te pronunclation @ Vowels that do not have an equivalent in English ~[s) and fy] he owe 3], wren a icloe to the nl vowel nih nthe” at sil direst: mapped ee, bt. The send a ad the eter se $dom occur in words poston. The mor common examples ae the coll (qu forms of Some demansoatie prnouns: dts hs, la hm, 0 aoe “che vowel [], writen a or doesnot have an equalent ora reilly ose Sound in Enghsh. Tis sometimes explained assim o Lin stale, or apa m= ture of [i] and Ie ea cent close vowel, more dove and higher than) Ind ye, Inger ang itmplare hyping, Impreand ester, mind hand ‘al ndine taro eine dog, pine red, ime ene, time ice, e lle hod, hot to Sec, a eobor to der Exerc 1.1, Lite the pain of or, Ten ed thm (ie Bld v= el sed) paying aaron othe sounds fo) and 9). a3 ‘masa ~ mas cast ~ cas, fata fat, aj — fal, pats — pats, arta — oat coada~ coal, coarda~ cardi, hoard ~ hoards, ‘magna — maging bina —albink par pl var ve pat — pl, mai — mi, cali ta ~ lt pleea~ pled, jaca ~ junta — int, visa — vs, fot — Iv wai/a tndeva inden, unbreli—mbriizlnte, usc foc, lunge —fnger, uns ~ ns, unos — ntors comun ~ romn, nebun — ned, cerut— rat Sup stp, plug plas trunc = eSntor, ol — cn, pul pling, samt ibe, ‘Medium length of vowels: vowels in Romaian ae shorter than the English Tong vowels a longer tan the English shore vowel [Beerese 1.2. Lento th woh. Then rad them (he Bald vowel tt sree). Moke the vols loge than shot English vowels and shorer than ong Engl ro mans, clams, wan, nia plea, sca mere, bere, ten, rend, pace, place Ti a, pli, iat, cue, nn ‘o,f, to, coco, colo, bravo ui, pi, rs cure, Dacre, ty, bit, reat “The consomant fr]: [1 tele and lahues a alight bration of the tp of the tongues pronounced nal posonsin the word: amd ome, arma ea peared copper, amar biter, amdricane bites Exercise 1.3, Liten 1 th words Then rod them (he bold voli esl) paying atenton tthe promotion fhe wurde) am nity nce, rec, ssel, umegu artur erat, Iresponsabl, ray, rece, bravo, abraiy cea, ac, dra, ‘ress raged, can, grad, gests proges, apreciere, aged, ‘rraci, ran, sal, nga, ees, pot, cathy, popes au at, rar radar, eprecentar,reproducere,reeberaie “The consonants [8] and [2]: (Cand [ae dena consonants, whe thei quale in English are aeolr: abu bo, atnt wee, tract ate, petted, dow dome, aed vi, adrenaing ste, pod tg. xercee 1.4 Listen tthe nerd end then rad thn (the Bld owe! sed) prying tention te pronunciation of the sounds [] anf: anc, rn, tn ten, tinezet, ton, tac, ern ners, tomas, ate, atm tt, as, este, osteoporoe, ath, at al ‘ete, tua, ult, tonite, activate ar, dri, ind, deca, dct, delay, dures, Adam, ede, ion, tor, avis, sus, Andh, endemic, ardare nearest, Andee, dedublare, diac, dedicate, dovad, debundads @ retensat tics valated tor ° Unique leters— 4:41 155,557, enh repo urd a ot il olin shot ‘Beal vowel n oer” dtr ron, ptr nh sidan werk ie let and eps he sound fy tht doesnot hve an equaent Jn Engl Te lete&over aca the ping ofa wore a he eg iagaf partof compound word orn word poston Tate ps tone Ti ued: Inger sgl fn @ abr dene Inter che ultneat ence thelr represent ound lost enc the Eg shin “harp, Sato r,s cho em, Abe ete, epee ound dose to a”: ia ‘ee efr males eu tickExercise 1.5, Liten tothe words. Then mal them (the Bol vowel is seed) paying tention tthe tas db... sgiitoare,curtitre, levis, ris, clpieind, cra, mirgina, Scarbi, etre, cig neler, goles, inseam, dru, impicat, tbicve, ings, g85c, ner, nar, bbl, {cote bitnee, brace, pra, ens, bends, imbunite, prijs, vis, peels, teers lilt ‘The letter Jin final position: = the leter inl pastion fer consonants sad or avery short sou i, sorter and lee sonorous than the slable(- Te 2 diinctve sound at ‘mars the opposition between the plural an the singular of certain nouts and adjectives: pom wee ~ poles, 00 el ~ fl coos 0 bane 50) Ista, Bum goed (mang) bund god at. py ier Graig) he re (as, pl), Between the 1 and 2" perc dingult ofthe indicative resent or subjunctive presen ofthe ese intr ak —t te yo Tce ork ~ ta Irn you wor It lo oer inthe allay Forms af ‘et of at the end of some cc pronominal fins (ke fmf aad ot the end of some other words, ‘there are nouns and adjectives that have two ltrs | n al poston, read lice (A group of two leer canbe formed bythe fia ofthe stem of 2 noun and the poral ending-t (when i replaces another vowel, as in fotolia hr ~ftli enc) of when the ending foie by the mane pr etn atele (mins ninr~ munities mitt aes rmembra meniver~ members ~ mem the ember). sable containing or e«> d when the nest lable ‘contin (ari fard coy ~ prices erare paper = ler pp “ea/e: ea flowed by cansonat(s) or 2 slate comtinng de when the eat ble contains ari: diminatd morsng imine moran ream Aye sing) ~ nent (sep), Bea in = ube yo de, oa o: oa followed by a slab conning dor eo when the Fo ein the ‘next lable change int i: are Mower ~ lr Heer el 58 sold esp (esol yu gp ete “ie / ia ie ole by consonants) «+ fa when the nex lable conta. fe til me) — fr on gh eet gin a 471d followed by consonants) + when the next lable contains €or ‘amdat word = unin wee, Sa/ de nese «+d unsesed eu cau earch no utd we earch, ard ‘try = fram pv, ct Sul oseumtzesed 0 secede 10g Ik nol rag we we ‘Consonant mutations occur when sine consonants or groupe of contnaats sre fllowed by eo (3) nthe plural ofthe nouns (and of ame promos) and _afjecties (romcmial inched), a well as nthe conjugation ofthe verbs Ge the paradigm of indietive present and rbjuncve preset, and in the Impera- te). The mos Frequent consonant mitaton re [fora more comprehensive lof examples ee Appendix 1] w/e ord: epee tee capac wes, mie() al (ng) ~ fed, k= fl onde, yo ae, sagas (odra~ code fret, perete~ peel) phonetic mutations inthe He ofthe nouns tht tke the ending + inthe = pla are very fequeat the ending“ is pronounced as folloms: vowel after consonant + #/1 (tt ores, membri ene) or vowel fot! wrcas);short voiceless vowel afer consonant flr fovers, bitin ol wen, peopl eles) “The paral endings anda: both ernie nd neater noune take thse ending However, the Remain ete in he plural Mental to the ese, ao thie agect should not bea problem for students: 0 eas ~ doud cate ue (let) ad un tat ~ dud Inst ss (net) 30 maf —doud man mechani (fe bat un hotel dou hot ose (eat) he endings and an an be ded othe ral consonant of noun nthe Singular (bile ieee ten ~ ear sin they ean alo replace the final ‘el of noun inthe singular (prtoand ~ persone pen, tor ~ tate he fcr ~ neue hig) phonetic tons ry occur inthe ren ofthe uns tking the endings aa -ard “The plrl ending -e/-le: = they ae character ofthe Feminine nouns ending in stressed -@ and -ea (ost of them borrowed fom Karki) he ending lei ade to the nouns ending in -a(pjama— pijamale pans) heeding ele replace the ending -e (ea ~ gee cls) phn aed anal ana 3 tle fii =a seo" my 4 *Tadzates phonetic mutations at the end of the em (se Appendix 1 Eceptlons.o sord ~ douisurol stro nord ~ dowd maori deri © mda ~ dowd maini bw, ox ~ dowd zl dy. J] wa ren — dead wena an un pat — dow tar be, un le dow lca pace ‘a instar ~ dowd inst ose, tun apartament dou apartament spot, 1 ray ~ dou oe, "am capa ~ en capac i, "on por ~ doa picare eg ‘ep crs ~ dowd lca ng, am abou — du tabling, wn ion ~ dead cue ee ‘an maze ~ dod mae msn, tn tetra — oud tere ter “an tla dad foto wc, ‘en mien ~ doa mili,Cerin feminine, mascalie and eater nouns se singe form fr the singe lar andthe pha (ofvdtdoore = dou ftatare pinay schol ache, 9 ‘mart dows mart Tesi un cht ~ deo ee, um pa dol pul cise, ‘ana cab ny bd um nue ~ dowd ume se). Asal numberof Romanian nouns ar regula (om om ~ dol ean nan beng ma, 0 — dou sure so 2 ~ dou ley, un ap ~ dowd capte xerete 3.3. Firm th lol of be filling marine nouns (ce se flowed By * bo poo mos) tn cv - dat les tem sdent*~ dol studi soba on prof inp bape tm oopact — sn pom — tm piston tn pecile” san tigra— dot tiget tun ministrat- dol mints un pigmet + doi pigme! in cobu— un lea— nf fn pedestue nana tun pre + dol epusk tin dines = dot ding npn — so pene — wo perce to ater —| eden vo fate sm ochi + dot och fe psoi > doi sok enn opto a mug grit Fem pl hb (i Lfoloed by * bore phonete mata) © elevs + dous clove o rominci*~ dou romineefo blans* + dou blinart marfit— larkie — ocean oteibit 0 vedere + dous veder ‘ femeie + dow femel (0 4dee + dows ded ocheie— seine neve o limiie— co plosies — feat — pope fami -+ dona fami fo baclava + dows baclavale pats ound eae haimane o-cafea ~ dou caele ones pea olde ola rc 3.5 Fm pl f hin me (man ‘or plete mesa) en ren» dowd wenaun god ~ mother. wn let ‘a tetris wn bloc — ‘n prema un institut + dou inatitate tan tramval + doud tramvaie tin tractor = dou tactoare cpl mabe cnn lea tani wnpial= wa cpois = rons = pet = wae cn gan pyre oo meng wal- eee cm tec dow ar rene oni core = comet [Beercse 3.6, Inf the sentences asordng to the mel Mae ll tsb Sout bin the mesa changes (place the numeral no © wth do or dou) ‘un tablow ~ dos tablourl eas i sunt stent + Nol suntem students males. 1. rep profs? ‘un sochu — 2s in clasé este un elev. 3. Incurte ete un om. 4 Be amb o cart 5. In org exe wan 6 Alc nu exe chub. 7. Be mats ete un sou 8. Elare wn tinbra 9. Not ave un prietan 10, Beste specials 1H, Es ae anneal, 12. — In camert este un foto? 13 Hae un ade, 4. Tn cat este fare. Bool ete opie. 16. Pe mast ene 0 cans. Tn care ent 0 femee sun eadra + dou are sun muzeu ~ doud muzee a debra —18 Infor ete sara, 19. Exam un unc. 20. — Tesi fate? 21, Voi ave sora? Exorcise 3.7. Add definite ares tthe plural nouns you bnow (ou ‘ean alo use the nouns gen neces 3.3, 3.4 ad 3.5) xoreise 3.8. enuf she desonary frm (angular sominae, moor tide) ofthe flowing nouns. Then a be ogalar dint are othe @ re arc ne para @ bak "the ndfne ate csc ~ can uta Paral a . ae ‘chelnerii — a eda lew ‘ste figs detebcteioe |aipesring” | ae de het tet > skehiaity [nie dhcur dx | ee fen femme ‘herein oe form inne are for he pla ofl nus ose cane Te finn and newt nie ie The definite article oat Maal cone Masculine ‘Feminine and neuter ii - Taine Ssisdi uae Ge TE aan eB poral #7 rl eff fod i, ars Eis Eo mali Erde Pom ~ pom ~ head — leg} ‘scritori- ee ee [fo ~ fifi sn, af fee lee coc eke = pare =e ait, | fe — ele — ceca, pee — pee — pore wall | ai —alle~ see day plural + le: pr paar —poue be, Inerameat— nerument inten Insane pal ~pale— pale aw, seo toe — ote tty une ~same ~numele ae ‘There are to definite articles for the pla: the ate «tached tothe pl sal form of mascline nous he arte fe ade to the pal ft of ei ‘ne ad neuter nouns,© fam the pate co © stone pir of eee @ Romani noms designing peren proson a acne) cn form mascle sine poe Macy of them frm tir nine by Jr thon Usa phone mate ost The ow equnt avn ps that renal rom deri ae “invftarwacher (ener hol) Crain mascline-eminin les pats have diferent stems birbat man fee woman Dit toy fd ge (ald fhe mad mater ate other ~ sod ster ‘anche ndagl aot “The profession of «woman x moet often insted bythe corespnding Fe Tata ct nginer My fader a ages Momo ee ingined My she en egies | Hoverey, the masculine noun desigatig the profson is vmetines pre- {erred expecially nfrmal contexts or highly respect speech, Both profesor nd profevord can designates woman's proksion, bt they indicate & lille ence in degree: ‘Domne Alewndrscn escrito Mz Asana rocarcher. Deaamna Aleendrsce ee crtitor Yn, Aone eect Fi ose tot exeetitoare Toi ngs esa a oar ml Codreana ee profesor. Cade sehr or rf ‘lea ee prfeoard Wi ghee atch ‘Doane Codraou te profesor la Unveritates di ly. Me. Cote ais (al rofenorat be Unie fCe, Exarite 3.9. Change the mone mount dentin people no fmi- rine nouns and vce a (mio lf cer nec anges). a este englezoaicl. Leste englez, 3. Lach ene liane, Licino 2. Este dents 5. Catin ee dee 4. Domnal Grom ete ate 5. Dostnna Dnconescu ete ponvonsethe plu franc te correspon to the English "how many”. They sb “aise /modily nouns desigsting countable objet: “Sine ne eden le. Terre ne dene (ni hese, Gai? How may (prom) Sine dene nln. There are some tet) he soo cite? How my? (pron) Sat sou Ba a There ae chi in th carom, = Gite? How many? (prom) Gag seudent ste? How wary set (on arc bare? (dl) Gite sdente tos? How ye) ee bere? (a) Gite scune tos? Hom wy dt (0) ze bere? (a) 2 son in the examples above, the pronominal and adjecal forms of et, el ii, ete are erica) the noun coming after cB, i, ete doesnot take an article ct, ct, ei ce can work lave pronouns adjectives whe they con- net the min couse and the subordinate omplex sentence Na pt et sun to how how my ae hee = Nit el sadn santo. Ton’ hw hw ystems) whee 6 Unchial George este decor de ibries 7 Ute o bitin 8 — Bese chines? 1H, Sls ente sport Bxercse 3.10, Tonfrm the sentences im Eure 3.9, (at he gen amples ond the one you cesta) by changing te namer ofthe noun. fb sb a proper name, odd prper mame of the tome gende Enesteenglezoait, Hest engler. He sunt englezosic. Ei sunt cenglesi, (Grstan este ele. Cristina este elev Cristian gi Andel sunt levi, Cristina si Andreea sunt eleve @ How much? How many? @ @ @ @ @ @ © tHe incrrazative pronoun | proneminal adjectives “elt Sade, “eit” andthe words of indefinite quantity @ The interrogative pronoun / pronominal adjective eit Ci, et, i, te bow rch /baw rey wth an independent ees work a¢ pronouns (eats fr nouns). When they determine a noun, they wk as pronominal adjectes (aun modifier), Most ofthe Romanian now personal pronoun show this double expat, Masculine {7 Neuter | Feminine 5 hie ‘The indefinite pronoun / pronominal adjective alt =the indent pronoun jective ada), edt, aia, ata ao) wuch/ to} many is subtate/modifer for names of persons, things ee te ng for it), atta stn / mod none designating uncount- ‘Ble cbjects devin? haw mach wie) th ac tt) i ch io ap? how ch tr? atta at mach alta ape mec ter the plural form at), eta are sbstutes modiiers for the plral of ons designating countable object dl bil how many Eye? aif) tat ays abe ot many be lt ft? haw mony gi; ata iy da fete tu ay ee “he noun coming after atd(a), att, ata atten doesnot ake an atic in vel speech siuntions, certain gestures accompanying the indefinite pro~ nouns ata), atta ta), alta can indents ery sal ot avery ig (i deine quanti Sing. P| et =the interrogitive pronoun / adjective de, ced, eit inate mode fer for namas of person, hing te, =the single formset etd crrpond othe Engh “how ch. They subst ‘ute/ meni ours designating unovmtble cect or match vch es “rem sn We ae wie! ae? Hw eh? (ron) vam pine We bebe a? Hom uch (prom) Cat vin een? How mck wine do we ve? Gl) Cad pine aver? How mach rad do we bar a) %tia, tia, eta can combine wit cen aves or quanti, ‘words to inate smal fag quant doar / numa ut on att (all ‘tf, tdeaInete avery lage quantity ora vey intense phenomenon aida Tume sony pc, tea able 9 mac lve ‘The indefinite pronoun / pronominal adjective cit Masculine Feminine lids ‘Sing PL. the indefinite pronoun/ pronomizal jective eee, eda, eta, eters ‘one is composed ofthe pronoun edt, ct ft, ete and the invaabe comm ponent ra he indefinite pronoun / adjective cts iea scat moe for bath i tate and iaseate mows the single forms eda, ctv sme indate an indeterminate quantity of ‘oountable objets; these form are schon weed, and work ony ax promo inal adjectives Maton tip ? Do we eine? — Da, lve te tp “es west he sme ine the single forms are gadally abandoned in fivr ofthe indefinite pronoun ‘cer soneting In sch contests eve get the meaning of sll quant “atone pine? Do we sl ne Weal? =D, mel «coe. Hal ‘ova pine ee Ye, here sae. Tere ne ad oe ae the plural forms dtr, ete se eel replace nouns designating counts Be ae enn) er mach ih nade ne ie jects) “—Arem emi? Do we ie pte? — Da, civ Ae citing car {af Aven 9 tera ries, se. We ve sme posto ie se ave the noun coming afer eda, eta, tv, citer dos not take an arte ‘The words of indefinite quantiy: mule, putin, desta, ficient “The wors of indelnite quay an expres ge (ml), small (pun oF « sficient (dst, sufcent) qlatty They can work ae pronouns ora fost form adjectives, The masculine singular fara can lobe used a adverbs ela 94 Singular Plural Nasaline| Neuter | Feminine | Masculine | Neuter] Feminine ult uted | mul 7 pati atin’ | putin pein ‘dea dealt | de dele “afc ‘afc | rfc | sete =the forms of the single ss / match with nouns zefereng to uncoun le objets (sss nouns): “Ava mit pon desta / supe tp. Wishes kt ie enol ie Ave mnt / pond desta / syfenta pling Wire lt of e/eneagh/ siete. =the form ofthe pura suai match with nous indeing certain amount foetal objects “Ail sun mul / pup desta sufiient tad. “Tae ae i fo / enough sale sent) here Al su ate / pin / desta /sufcent student ‘Thora i for / enough ace sen (he. the nouns coming after the adjeches of indefinite quay do not take an tide Exercise 3.11. Rl in the Bonk ceding to the modal St th, ch edte/__unt ave? + Ct unt avem? 1. fen, icin, acent,sflente /— fem uot? 2 af) st, a), atten /— Ale sunt sade! 5. dev det, dest, desle/— Ave seaune? Seb es, che/| ‘imp ai? Smal, mult, mali, rite7 Arm ——— crab 6 elt, cin ct, ete / Alc sat doar —__ stant. 7 my mts mal mate I raps sare ——seadent. eh, it, i cte/— ——_seadeng sate gruph? 9. dts, detl, der dane Este vin. fie suns, sflen, sucente/—Arem —__bere? 1. pat, ting, pin, paine Sunt —___proferor la culate. 12 Bt} st, sg) ates /—Dewnde a1 tinbee? oe th che chee a1?© crcl same ram 0099 @ "the mera om 00 10 ‘0-20 1 una /um, na /o 6 -yaxe 2 dot, dowd 7 sae Se 8 ope patra = nud 5 dnc 10-2 ~the carnal numer corresponding tthe Engh one” has fur forms. The ir ne (ravine de) um (ene) eel penny ‘The forms un (masculine od eater) aol (nine) precede «nn Gi aot sano? How nny ed)? Una. Un student One Ove een Ge seme sn? How ny ia bse? = Unu Un sea, Om One dt Gt deat ot et? Hom rays (0) ae ee? © secuanitt sn OneOme. a tothe Engl "has ited forte mse so od rhe tine nd ee = Cai det snc? Ho ny sets) re hn he? Dei, Det stad eo To ents Glee st bl? How mary hat ahr Devs. Dud tone ove si, Giese sani? Ho mary sens) here? Dowd: Dead det. fo ow ate the numeral za ad th ther nan p to mer are inal GG sae sae eid? Hw many sc) ae tere ere? Tie Tei sadenp Toe. Tre att Gite set sat? Hn ray ar) oe ee? te Tre dete, Tse Pe ans = Ge sce vont le? Hw may hath re here? Tit Te sane The. Te ce. “The numerals from 11 t0 19 11 enapreee [ure] 12 datiprenee [dpe], dowiprnce (dope) 13 expres [trp] 14 ~ pairs [pipe] 15 ladaprenece [cngpe] 16 paps (pe) | 100 te cst spree pe tron + et aed theca Taner epretng ants _Tincommon fr speech he element sprees pronounced (tot wit= 1 es) [spe sunaprinc lame, doiprece (dlp), eipreee [pe “Sipe numeral 12 has two or: dolprene [lie] forthe mace and | dousprenc (douse) forthe fein and nest “ks sin depres opp] aden Te we 12 sles fm) be. ‘ene dope nape] dete Tere 12 ee (re ‘se dowpreacs[Souspe] rane. Ths 12 ch ere ‘The numerals from 20 10 99 fora 20 to 90 the cardinal name ae forse by the numeral indicating ‘nits ond the pl ofthe marerl ane (hen as ferine noun): do (2) + zc (I) = dade (20), () + 2c (10) = tie (30), oud (9) ach owe (90), the narerls $0 and 80 are veal prononnoed [ez] and fobzel] She cardial numerals indieating the tena are writen in one word: begining with 20 the cardinal numeral irked to the llwng noun by the reposition de: dat sade dpc det, bu douse de aden dot, npr todo, but eae de tad 21,22, 23, ee ~ douse nu / deans una doi del dodecs doud;dowzt si ee. 31, 32, 33, ce — eae ume/ tract o una; tell doi/ tractor re ee 442,43, ce. ~ paused un /pawuz guna; ptr doi/ patra dowd petra le 51, 82,55, ete ~caced une clade i una cnc doi/ cet dou ena te,Leaning with 21 the wis are added to the tens the component are Ene by the conjuction dude! icine ~ the link between the numer an the flowing noun the prepsition de out cine de students the tens are wt in oe wor; the uit nd the conjunction ae writen sepantcly “The nouns that come afters erin numeral donot take Indefinite defi srtles, TBecrise 3.12, Read and woe te number. 35 ~ treizci si cinch 4,87, 18 36,51, 3,10, 21,16, 93,82, 76,6, 13,69, 99, 65,51, 42 nee ee eee der /10/30/'tmcess Sunt sce le in lass? Ne sant rie! de lv. Hl sant land? =a, da, Sunt lass seadent/4/9/m sth 08/3 4/ peer Inginer/ 53/551 brick pom / 12/18 i lads lup/2/4/m pidure secret /1/2 /ta bow ‘manual de romins/15/ 17 /f bibotecs oleh 5/8 /in css tnglesic/ 10/11 on vereie 3.14 Wht smi aoe aig tegen lens. Lok theo you do a oi the donan ° Aiionr/3/pemasi ——- — Ce deonar sant pe masa? —l dienare Ei sigur sigaed? Absolut! Ute diionerle! roman de sent /6/ bibotecs ig /2/pe pete fale 10/ pe ates cite 8 tn 29 aint /20 a parcare pantot/ 6m dlp Exercise 3.15 ite amir dtalguer wing the gen elements, Look up ‘the words ou do ot know Inthe doar cod /17/ mult Ci erect stoi? —Saptsprenece rol Ath de li ht any 2 Sigur ed de ofcoune! ‘Ute crocoai Jea/3/ malt foare /2/ pu fine 10/ mule fompater/25/ malt pastte/ 95 /mult Psi/ 3/ pupa efane/13/ malt verte 3.16, Wit nor dg the gn ements. Lan {Berd yo nt oo te aay ” pst/2/3/incamert———— fn camer ne da pra. Ba de, ai deeptte Patri sunt font 5/6/ pba Ahlnp/25/30/ tn hte ese! 1/27 ppt seag/20/21/ pe copes panel 2/4/‘ ap atin /15/ 16/3 parce pi/9/ 10/ torr\Conversation H Bae Gimurre® @ SSCS Se (Cat an ai? Capi ani avo? Cat ant are el? Cag an au cle? “The formula for asking somebody's age conte ofthe interrogate adjective ‘i the paral ofthe noun an year ~an, and he appropriate forms ofthe verb 4 aea. The personal pronouns tu, oo the pronoun of politeness damnea- rast ace nt required, but they ean be used if the peer intend to nae 2 certain person in a group, or to empha the question, The anowe i the numeral as such othe nureral + theo on / am. The verb a area ca pe ade the strate When wisn pen with he pronoun tthe quo the posible answers wil best : " . m ~ Gi nial? aie Treen Sama, The 18 ak With she pronoun of poltenes dusmemon the quston nd the psible ferent . 7 Citi an rei? 0 19 ani, am 19. 4m 19 ani, The same question canbe used fora group of people, ns formal o normal Ci ano? Cat atari? (dummessases) yen Sen Ave 7 ani, Aven 19 ani, Beam 7. Es oe 8 Bu am 7 ani. Ea are 8 ni, Eu am 19. Bare 18, Ba om 19 one E are 18 a | When aking about the age of hil person grup of pron the dala Ci ot a Maria Toma ? rests. Ta 16 and 9 18 a Maria ae 16 ani, ia ane ane 18, “No mater whit age a peron dels, Romanians vary wish hn er a Tong life Th standard pie wll be Mull Maine iy (ex) abe Mal iain Exercise 3.17, Atk ach ther about your age in Ramanan, ok ga tins chur the ge of ober eran ing Ramanan proper names.CUM E PRIETENUL TAU? CUM E PRIETENA TA? WHAT'S YOUR FRIEND LIKE? oon 4 Introductory dialogues go XI] oistogve 1 1) Ce ai in geantd? Geanta tae mare gi grea! A mea, ni © aj deo rea. ‘—Am ceva pentru colegul nostru dia Austria. CSteva cry. Cred of "hike sunt foarte potrivte pentru el. Sunt niste cri interesante. feu am ceva pentru el. Altceva! Un dicionar bingy roman german, = Numa ony ex mam nimsic pentru el! $i ni she pentru tne, cong cha ce ec jt ert eg Ie nye eof ote thing ga (pene) ep gee yo Fe Distogve 2 = Ghne Laura din Kalia? fia ig rat i abate tn de iho pl nga ah Sa nets SR ema weet ata prereau Tg toa Wonalied faomie mya PXL] piaogve 3 Cum este prictomal ti, Maria? Cine, Andre? Pa ce spun vl, wi can sy? Are 23 de an. ste ‘Stare ochelav. Dar pristensl tu? 103+ ob, one word fr posses BaoKe! a pnd ings ere em pis apeleee Beereise 41. Read he dialgoes. Tonle thm ot Englh. Menoie ‘evecare. ey the grammatical frmation nodose by the dae legs (cho ads wt earl eter of ors, poe roa and promminal ada, personal pronouns nthe gente th oie ‘ole, ote pours: neeega, wae, dei). The gamma i tefl he il be stdin Secon I Beercise 4.2. Rega the chlor gen abo by pare of psc ‘Add the word your Romanin-Engldh onary. Yo cena po ‘ogeher words belonging 0 tbe tele group (parts of the haan dy, aces dco psn) intrih-@ @ @ @ four words in Romanian! adjectives the nominaivecsconative cane @ In Romanian the poneine pronominal dete ural comes fer the oun ‘inode Sac the apement ntneen the now td as der fo asc pine af the nguge, te seine wl le the ner and the amber oft odd nee nov Signing ses ovned Seonra me vy sony cart ty bins pantie yen see my dre. posse pronominal adjective ate Singular Plural {object owned) (objectowned) Masculine Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | ‘ne nee “there are acl poseive pronominal adjectives only forthe 1 and 2 per. to sng ed pla forthe 3” person the posses ajc has forms only forthe stgua (one Povtenor ony) = ad, 5, sd, sale In he plu, the personal pronoun inthe rite lor used hgh rol ose sone sen, fait for sunt cle, Our boss re eallge seen the thr ae cel cadens. ‘Sarorile nore an ade, sree or sunt elo. Our ser arc legen tr acre chal ent, the forms, 0 dh ale are mony wed in formal contents, In every day ‘Romanian (cllogulal speech, bu aso Htevary sole) the gente fons of he eon pronoun fu for a masculine posses, nda ora emnine poses fe prefered Trot mow es aden, fatale iat cl. My ter allege de hs brother seb et rote ear door pat Her bor aly or year ~ the poite form of sddesing one or several persons ees dumnenoastd Sostead of, ae, ate, vase, je, ooste:prctena dumnea- ousted yor (lt) fd, pretenl dumnearoat ou (pe) ends in cantoast wth English the coun followed by a possessive adjective takes the eile artic: pritena mea my gees; pretend meu ry beyond eaunee roast our is ee[Beerese 4.3. ill ie th Banks wth she oppo frm of he pose sie pronominal adc, poping overtone amen seu /Ea ete sora + Ba este sora mea. 3. mostra — Unde sunt ese , 2a /— Fate ‘ae sent? 3 eeu aie te pe ma 4.vostea/ — Coleg nt din Frogs? 5 loe/ Pai tame? 6-lul/— Cine are pole ? 7. meu Cartea each 8: nosru/ Copii ntl goal 9. du/—-Mama ete aca? 10. or/— Cine ese wil? 11 lor/ — Bani ‘as Romina in Ameren? 12 oe) — Unde ee mana ? 13. vestu/— Cas 14. /Preens| 1%. portesive or genitvl article @ In Romanian, besides the indefinite and defi arie, here ae the posssshe or genkal aril, andthe demonstrative o acta ale “The possessive or genitval article inde the elton of peseston an has four forms een cent? ‘lit a Plural ‘ascaline Feminine angedine | Feminine | Mascuine | Fem a = a ale “Tis article constituent element ofthe genie cae queton (the other ements the Inerropive pronoun ie in the gente case) al ea? (For mae ‘line nd peter nouns nthe single? fr feriine nouns the sin tube), acu? (or masculine nous nthe paral cl? (oe feiine and ‘neuter nouns in the pra). The poses article canbe wed with «noun or 8 ¢ pronoun inthe genie ce. Ics so «se ucaral cement of te ores | ‘oan, The psseie or genital article aks the ender and the mmber ofthe noun designating he abject owned 106 Exercise 4.4. Fillin she los withthe appropiate passe o gent shal arile es este gonna? Aca cate geanta? 1. ent ete onl? 2 ciiete anes? 3. et sn celal? 4. oa ant delonarle? 5. ea ean panto? 6 = os exe compateral? 7 eitese entenes? eae seutoaes? 9. — ea ut haggle? 10, eente copii? Teton pronoun Jo he oveieatveacuste cae @ F The pone procoil ecies oth enon prominin he ive Eon) perce by fonasve or gal rice work m pavers . tl et eae (ag) # te fe gh ll ae = fvalemae in Gr yl youn ms gv a tym gh fou (re py al tela Cem The posse pronoun open pndcand umber wih ke own tat desig athe ec) oe ait de pe a ee lt? ecb on le os? Tbe tal me ese dar carea? Wa so oak? cet tot amen The be ln pi sit ae? te po pry? et ale may moe £ The pomenive sical precedes pose sje, tanning no» pron when the pote ors epndenty ca mnt oe pe at? Whe neha on te le hb note One te noun edie bythe fosteste te th nef aril wo a rare dep ml seh? ee oko Me? arco i ib eet pe man? Wh bk een ee? To cate at tok th=the died noun not mmeissiyfllowed bythe posta, but there are other modes Between tem, te posses is ina remete postion ‘Penal cut eli ele My bole ron he ble Peal sane edtile ch le mele. bolas on ele = the modified noun bas fvo or tore postive modes The vcond, hig, ‘e-portesve il act proven (Crile lai mane pe masts we oe ae (Cie meal tne pe mrs. My bak an Ne 0 he i the possesie acts 4 amir inthe predate (Carta ta ent acl. Vi bsk sor here. (Carta de acl xe a I Te bok vere ii. ‘The purl forms ofthe posesve pronoun can have the meaning "ay /your/ ise iy Fl” Ai me un oa A i nde an? Ny fla ae Whee ee powell PIA mel snc ny ype ot Exercise 4 Tale at Ranta 1 my dog, your (ang) cat, thee dictinares, bs manu, ou tala, your (pl fewer, our garden, my phone, eur diamonds sete, your {sng polite) nove, my dey, our res hs seeretary hee house, my ays your (aig) ee, hiram hie ag myhome your (ng) cee smite (em), our calesgoes (ase), your (pl) company his boss, thee _pden, tee angnments ny canis, oy shoe, or plese be the dogs mine the cats yous sing) the dione are cei, the manual isis the ran sous the lowers are yours (pl), the er a =a se cirti roméneyti (fem. pl.) Romanian books : athe at e-em og (ote, ome Pa pele aaa) iit tnt ed neo ae barons es a nc as atin contnaus | cot —_| contin cuainne ror, harm harnid, hori homie larverking pba, pba, pb, most Romanlan adjectives hve Four forms he four ending are consonant /-u iy: bun, bund, bun, Bune phonetic mutations Inthe stem are eet: framor,frmoas, fume, the ending for masculine singslar wey acute when the sem ens in ‘consonant + r/1:albsia,albased, alba, albus, or in -u=cotiny, ‘ona, continu, continue there ae some Legale fourform adjctines ending in -u, such 8: gre, ae ei gel ay Sib ad rie, ra, leaden | piboge wong, ening bi ml (ase. pl) lise by Baie mc fem. pL) eke ie adjectives hat end in it inthe nnscine sng ‘Pret uri (nase pl) glen vale ‘upoe aur (er. p}) glen domes the adjective now, now nl se ‘pene noa (mar) new oe ‘asd noud (Fem. sng) nw howe Dente no (asp now oss ‘ease ol (en pl) se aes feminine singular = feminine plural lj ht en! into inthe maselne sng 9 plated strlucitoare (ier. sing) sing one epi srluctoore (et, pl) seg stones“Tworform adjectives ‘Singular Plural Wiaccaline Feminine ‘Masculine |" Feminine | Masculine | reruns, * =a = ‘mad verde geen ea dale swe dud “Tea =e Gale) ui) esha echo vehi Pe galt “Thee ano groupe of worm aces masculine sagt = Fini single a ‘Busaline pte = feminine plant apt cd rin eine dpa: rom mere (ong) scx mare (em. ng) ie [on mart rasp) beta mar (em P) Ser masclite singular = museaine paral = feminine paral Pert el nln the ance singe Tren vc rie sing loc pet vec (mas) ok ‘mi pratense (el) toe ran ee Ge tg) ed the acne tre farcutne inglar ‘alt feminine singslar = Temlnine pra utp it ee ng) tee i (al) be ‘Suit ot Gm ing) op oe ve Ce) i res Oncform adjectives ascuine ple “il genders and numbers "ivou nding Fae tins umseade bind ent pep pee grey le give mare brown mm ~someajectives of adverbial orig, a wel as borrowed names of eolars hve ‘aly one form: om cumseade dee man, emci caseade en ora, 00 ot cumsecade decent nen, cumsscade en woman prt in oa, ‘chic or pk dem, peri ror pak all chi oe pk ees, xercee 4.9. Hatch the jt and the nouns sia (un copa. 5 0 lucrare ‘dou exert —y dow Iuersrh_ > ‘un copl dificil; o crare dificil; dot copi ifs dou lw erie aisle Anceresant (4) /un om —__s wa roman oawels det oament dou romnine ‘complet (4)/un ext ___ oad eee andr (4)/ un bib doi cba. ‘greu (4) /un pepone —_ tem 5 dl pepe ou exrcgi ‘sie ) un copi fess ous pare romnese(3)/ un cor. oud cove, pow (3) /un pana ond; dol uno out rioane atria (8) um ban sun pin ____ monedi dob dona peut 5 doa monede Scliptor(3)/un sunt _; 0 profess oi sang! dou profeaare vehi (2) wn priten —_ 0 preten. Seip doa petesare (2) /un elefnt. sun dap —____ oat, ‘oiling souk daar doa ge rox (1)/ un vandafir __ patos ops ‘ot wandatis. ees plone dou gute ners 4.10, Flin te lnk tht gen ci ad he pos se pontine ogee the cote. Then tam i Cond snes ag he mat ton (4/2 am un apartament. Apatamenta 2s Eaam un apartament Apartment mew ce ‘ban = Apartamental bun ete al me ramos Vo neo cs, Cnn ete —_ fab (1) / Tanto roc Roca ‘ tic ()/ Nolan ois Case nglezcse (3) Earnie romans Romeo —— want spe ()/Eaareo ft Fuse . fermecstor@)/Eu ao pktcl ring ewe (Sod mes eu ctu, Cun —— ‘ech 2) / ina eo ma, Mogi . ‘verde (2)/ Eu am ie ae, Cnet Iminunat ()/ Vl oie cop. Cop —_— Ts te aie hr Forde ae Inare()/ Tua pene Potions om ere A, Tk te npn Pon, sho then ier dag new computer —Al nee de un computer nou? Sigur ed cfc am nee. Comput me ewe An voi gent de um computer no. le dese ‘bea aprtment tome sal npe tome new Fuge Exercise 4.12, Gute salar dle using the give men ou / cask Ce aaa, in dea cmb ihe? eal? 0 ene nod. = Dar in sting cote Ws? Nit cave nk Sat mute albas/ bloc aria /xpols ‘ace bibles wechi/ere Gan a little word db mi He surely cant Ife is a cesatve case of nouns and adjectives @ “In dalogues and exerci you have aleady sen certaln number of repos | tig sch a: din rom in Americ, din Roma, a a Bucur, fa ret) ng nasa Soe igi fret) eng et "Doninaldircor «fr ail acum dou ee acum dow, ti patra eile acum dovd, te, pata ee. siptimdni/ cam dou tc, ptr ‘te doy ont eae go 3 acum do, tr pat eno re Fa, “Acum dod ani, la Poi, am sa ates apartament echt. ‘Bxcreae 5.9. Tous th example aoe into Engl "Bxerlse 5.10. lin she bons ring she compond py ofthe ree ft gave, asta ora de Unde ___Alexandea anu eeu, Is nin nti sparament cu chine? 2. Mita sert—"_ sp pent exer de ance? 3. Acun dol al price el faliens a ote ton din Bocue, 4.— Clue tf sens? 5. SSptimana tweet (ex) a muze, ar sa dou spaniel rar, 6.— Cine da seminar de clue ciate? 7. — Cum al dermis de le? 8. Niment tmp liber spt tect 9. —Unde Andres Bogdan cind ‘Bucur bot su la pitt? oar ade ond eel conzractns to the oto, a ‘ave seminar droning ‘sla concer 3s telefon in America 23 Blender cu studeni dn rata © Tomorrow is another day... @ @ Fh fut [Exercise 5.11 Hite sinifar igus ong te given elements. Us sa ding he pas, varius jes la nice cx decal Af fut a Indies econ Na, mam fost. Yoda fst? Na, dor a fst Andie seminar de econo mondial {tale conferns despre eelorma in Initmint Indleatve ofthe verbs (ature 1) @ Sing. (2 [we 3 [eld eave + the nfitve 1 [noi oe ofthe actual verb pL [o> oat Sal /ele wr ‘Tig the Ronunin verbs form te fae twit 137 the frare tense of the indent (ature 1) is formed withthe uae wi, ‘iv, som, set, or and the ifintve ofthe actil verb these alias he inne used in the ate! fn preceded bythe particle “The verbs suelo fr frm the future 1a allows An ‘AAVEA ASTA ADA cvifi — eevviene covatsta curvida femifi — tuvdavea tare ta ture de A/eavafi d/eaveawa — aifeavasta el /eavada Dolvom ft —nafvemavea nal vomstr noi vom da toiwiift —winiene volves ved eda Gi/dlerorfi G/elemrawa — ei/devorsta — d/deverda“The fture 1 negative i coratracted with the nepton mu before the suxiay nu vf a aio, vo ty ma er de ‘The about ales ofthe Romani fare inte ae smi t the vale of £ the fatten other guages. This tense indicts an action that wl ke place falter the moment of speaking: Mdine vo ste aca. Tero al ty ae ‘The Romanian ftue cn abo corespond wo the Fue continuous in Engh ‘Voi stoic pin vei area tipper o disci be ming ber wl you ae tine fora dain. The future 1 not the most requent are tense in current speech, butts required in sentfc and smite paper sll an ‘al evcumstanee nd ofl documents Bxercse 5.12, Blin the Hook ith prope aere I jos of be bs af, eave, oat ora de 1 telefon, Line, my ple! lami pice Ts pars Voi unde > Ta no. nei de luo, dar sora mea 6. Pofesorl din Fon. a hotell univer Damen pin I ea gene? Eu na ‘mena concer E bizar! 1B 21a Bape BLN: 4. Peg S-Ea(oeg) © Aérerbs and adverbial structures inating time wed with oture tenses @ “The most fequent time adverbs and adverbial structures used with fire sand eg ‘ieard von sa cas. maine tarow ~ maine dimineattrorow morn, mdine sant tomo ‘Maine voi ava o ier ‘Maine dimineat vom fl facta, ‘Maine ear rom ta aces, ~poinsne he dy ser worn; ndine-polmdine very n,n a Poimdine wm aca nevie de manualele ni, ~siptdondna itoare next week fSéptimanavitoare wot vacant, luna vtaare nes wt ‘Lana vitoare pete mel vrs la Paris. mal vitor seer = a anal staf Bacar a onal / anal toe 138 = peste oor, dou oe, te ov tn an hos no hou thee oa Deanna diectooe va fat past od = pote dou, teh, para ete. sle/ dows, te, pats ee. siptimani/ dud, (el, pat uo do, tel, pe ete anno, he, foarte. ye / wate? smoati/ yes "Pte dowd lun vel veo o pronunteromneaed exelent. [Exercise 5.13, Tonle the some abe ito Engl Beorese 5.14 illin elas ih fim of te era, om a0 ond a dain the ire 1 1.—Unde —____ Alesana In aml, la lin sa fran porament cu chine? 2. Mah ie, inp petra eerie de nce? 3 Lama too pritent el alien ahote Hikon sin Bocure 4. Deeten mei din Clforia telefon doar sae mie se dinincal 5: Sipe ritoare (ca) timp pen muse, lar este dou sips. pent etre 6. Che seinar de altri chile spn ‘avitore? 7. Cind—___ cura de roma? 4. Nimeni tp er mine poise, 9 Unde ‘Andel Bogdan cind im Bucaep I ote ul price? Brercise 515, ites dps ag the gen elements, Use we cour aber indoing tine and dfn ube fi preent ls ftthires Bi vor presen la tea cu decarl/ mine ‘dconal maine? Nace doo ike Vo ff? Nu ita donne Poste mes 1 prezent seminal economic NATO /Iuna wtoare 2 tas confers dese reform in psn peste oud eit 2 aveaseminar de romdod/siptknda vitore 2 ls concert mine seark 4 de un telefon in Ameria / ine dines 1 preent la inves tang din Fant dscarkwo.@ © @ 6 6 @ nd adverbial phrases of reinforcing affirmation and nession @ doc icidecum ict pomeneali —Aarat nee de dgionar pentru tradvcrea de er}? Dee. Es bose? Neco, Bt et? Nid pomencalé? 140 rercise 5.16, Tate th ample above wg rch cheb nd er Il pra “finaly “ati “fer, “rota al, "hy no eerese 5.17. Gi efaine and neothe onent the fl orton Tolan en deen Engl Su depart de entra? — Vel ave neroie de toate manalele de lib german mine la seminar? A fost obostt ups eximen? Ai neve de co de in Sante mulpami de apartament now? Poet neoie de par grease I nspte? Alaat probleme cr miginn stir? Yel se ml aeroport inte dou evoane Et pra pe mine? — Sante abit? Who's the bots the aoun or the arte? @ @ @ © 20 ces of nuns @ ‘There are feces in Roms: nominate, gets dite, sca abd vocthe The noun fran th ote sd he ce se ee The Terms in the git andthe date re ental foo. The voce, wich hs $v oom frm wil be sued win Chapter 5 The nominate primary the cf the bet in sent (ose guts: sine? ce?) The acount the cate of th det objet ofthe eb se question: pe ce?) he cae of roma orate bal ith aris Prepositions (np, aa, gasp, pentr,dey et) in Romain. “The ean rer thee ching ponexton, song ee que tion a a elec) “The dave athe cs of thence objet ofthe ve. Tt shows the destination afin (ce qaion ‘hevocune saan ca The worn tenia te pero to hom the speker aremes ut hy d ot hive ata into ne seen. simple noun (not modified by an adjective or pronominal adjectne) i the ge tive or the dative wil ala be accompanied by an article deine or indei- 5 it.The clement hat acl chinge inthe genitive cae ithe ate, [ess only the feminine nouns that ve» pacar ending fo the gente dave singular In Tem, the feminine gente date ending i ental othe ending forthe ssn paral [Bxcrese 5.18, Hana the cae of th nouns nthe sentences Blow 1. Cartes sme et pe mask 2. Ca paring mel este fn Bucuret lng parca Cig, 5. Gia dt fort? Profecacoc? 4s in ust artical mare despre profesor nostra 5 Sora are pul negra och vers oa framone! 6 Volsta cu Une I nial unersti anal itor 7.— Unde ete aca coi? 8. — Cine are o cart de poe nba romind? 9. — Biro! ths este ing cabinet rector? 10.— Ane, de ce ou dl bun ua? uaee feapusenerersereencta ae cee eee mrt ine Fees oral orienees cereals onertbehraterd SUN AAAe oe cee ee getter turin ed jaa ene ne ue cin 519 gee in rn hee Feeney) arr frpent ert Seni ean ‘aman, opp ceed Lan ec 3.Colegele mele aa remind (@ soritone) an Remini 44 — haat picioral (an sats) sste rt 5 Am stat ls bra (nite pom = 6, Dinard ie sede. dela germans cont nla meas, 2. Copernic) sunt prea strident elo, 8. Coperts (cat). ‘te etrordna de remenss 9, Sant voce (aie pice. 10, Este yore (opretens) — 12 © Decienson of nouns with define article @ Siagular Masculine | Neuter Feminine Masculine | Neuter Femiaine Nom-ace| unpou Wom-ace | penal ‘essoul |e aren, ene, bac] Genv-dat. | pom | sesunalal Gen eat, | unui pom Plural Wiascaline | — Neuter Feminine Masculine [Neuter Feminine Nomace.| port” | sounele Nomaace.| istepom | nie xaune {Jibencdat. | poner | soul Genedat. | wnerpomt | unorsaune 7 iasulne and neater nouns (pot consdering the article) hive one far for ‘the single and one form forthe paral in all ses ~feinine nouns (aot eoasierng the artic) have one form forthe nomi tive-aecuative inthe aagul, snd another form forthe genitve-dative a the slaglar and all he cases the plural. However, forthe enn nouns tht take the ending in the nominative accusative plata (tale st familie — fall, buctare ~ buen, the ending changes Into ein he gvitne= ‘ate singuls, andthe article I atached thi form: staple sta tai, familie =fmilii — fanile, uedtnie ~bucitirt ~ but. Tn ether ‘word inthe genite-datve the definite ar stacked to he form of nor Insti accuse singular of there nouns the define arte has ee genitve-datve forms: (al (masculine and neuter, singly, Femlaine, angle) and lor (para) Exercise 5.20, Form th gentine-doere of he nouns th dit de gine in pretest Ida thc of ech noun (genio dati), Git your reane. Pond th etn ao Engl 1. Am dat (oe) in Urea toate cine mele ‘deroming 2. Am dat prictencle). for bomboane de cioclats 5. Coleg mele a aut romanul Geritoarea) eae dat et autor 4.— Arete, picioral (aul) —__ et apt! S.A stat lef umbrs (oc in ridin! acu sm gates6, Diconarele tude) dela germans sunt in ala 7. Coperil (cele) —___de eur din Spann sunt prea stedent calor 8. Coperta (cares) ___ den eit in Fran frumonss 9, Sune vole (piety 10. Este voces (peters) din grpa de frances ‘dela thank © ames of persons inthe estvedacve @ The ames of persons have some prt eres in declension. They are ‘ery seldom detned a as nde aie Fenn snes endigin- (reg nes ned redone com ‘on nouns wih deft tke for-ac Aland, enn Aland) ‘Alaandr (oom tn ste Aland bce Stade Aland (0). sping wh ee fe Aled Ge) sand’ ate Ti (gesralponoan im he die, sort frm) doa Aland (dt) tot ciel dered grog ny Ran eae end ‘The geitive-dte for ofthe eminne tans ening Int wi ke te coding it: Mara ~ Marl, i = T ‘The geliv- date of the fone St nas ending nc wl uke tec sng: Hine ~ Hina oda ~ Roel, Anca ~ Anh lorie ~ Have “form the get date of al the mac ares, swell as the eithe= dave ofthe frig Feminine names not ending the deft tle a © ut bela beets om Vaile a Aloud, at Ms, Jui Lace asin) tt Came, ha gt, ha Mn et Td, J, ui Ale, a Milage. ‘ihe (pom) ae 0 or Mia ss ‘Sou deb eu Mita (ec) ping vith Ma {see a iba (gn), SMa ier 1. (ena pronoun inthe dae, hort or) do a Mil (a) tot eel dering ny Renn baa {Last mnes alo form the ee wth the tefl fl Tne, a ‘Paps ad Coocre i Moar, foi Pp Last ares ae very cet receded by common nous inding te tats of he pron demu earna, dannijore, sade, Inthe patie ae, hse cone, mom noi change crn tthe eer sl: dom rpc, dona Georg, domnioarel Olean, adel pa, da ose, 14 Exercise 5.214 Aimer dhe gun (Cul dat un cao frumos? Adina, Alexandra, Dona, Cristina, Mice, Anton, Alexandr, Ade, Tonel eta, Bogdan, doamna Andreea, dort Dano, Recs ‘ues, studental Petean, Vase, Camels, Simin, stalents Yoicu, Ale, Hine Ale cui sunt cine de pe mask? ‘Adina, Aletndra, Dana, Cristina, Mires, Aton, Alexandr, Aan, ort, Ptr, Bogan, doama Ander, domnul Ivanov, Raven, oes, stent Retreamy, tile, Camels, Soin, students oie, ‘Alege! @ he wr of the ponesire or genital ale wth nouns in the genitive @ ‘Anu in the gente takes the posse opal artical, a we ‘the noun in the genitive works on is om (independent gente) Aan ene carte de pe mara mae? Won bosk on he ig be? A Marie Is Ma's Dar cartes dep masa miss ? Wht sot he bok op the sl whe? Alt Dan. ils Dae ‘the noun inthe genitive is aombmal component ofthe predicate (depen ‘ent gent) ‘en ot carta prefer We hn ae he pra’ book ‘ven aio carte eae ete a profesor, We hve her book wich Ue prer teak. the modified noun i pat immedi followed by its determi in he gate there is another modi (active ce pronominal adjethe) between the (emote gente) Dineen foe donna Pop. Hei Me Pop's ice meal st fratele mai mic al dome Pp es Me Pops yng beater, ~ the modified num is flowed by two o tore nouns inthe gente. ta his “ese, the second, third, ec. nous ar ays pede bythe ponent or ges nhl aril rote genitive) ‘Are ne date spe temperatura onl. We bve dly dts sou tempera of th Aven ini dae despre omperatara aera pei asl. We hie yd about he pete of heal themed teil, ~the modi noun tals the indefinite ste un, ne MsCe carte ai? — Carte profesor, What beck hese? The re Tr oak Gs cae als? —0 carta prforafa it ake tee? beak profesor =the modified noun a0 article Donna! Alanon et decor firme. Me Atedcs the ete fe crnonny Doma Asin af decor al fie del wot de 30 dee Me Aldred ofthe company sine hers 3, Bxorcse 5.22. Wit similar dle ug he gen elements ‘cartes de romini/Anton/ — Guia dt carte de roménd, ‘Ana/ Maria / ld Iai Anton? Nia, Ane Tne sora Maries? Da Sia hi Vlad! ranula de ances / Maria / Dan /era/ Georges ‘Gietalde materi / Lela/ Mates /Andreh/ Anes otile des lngtics/ Comin / Visd/ Contntn/ Marcela ejorarl meu, Ces / Aurora / lance Tinea Inv a concer / Aran / Ra / Cision / Bogdan ‘lett a fl / Carmen Sbuons/Oans/ Tass Orin ® @ 0880S © Toe descriptive adjective preceding the noun @ In gener the adjective comes after the nour in Romanian. Howeve, in some ‘emphatic constructions, th activ can precede the noun. Adjectives placed before the noun aquze inten andthe whole sractre adjective + noun Indicates 3 strong emotional imolement of the speaker This why the src: ‘ure adjective + noun ioften wed in xcamstory rentences Geel fmoasd | ~ — Prmoasd esd! Whats at hosel ‘When the noun takes the indefinite art, in eas of inversion the ate wll, precede the adjectie 27° oomna Asani en actri nmareabiss ~ Doomne Anca (eo marcabl ac Vn Aland es elec When the nou takes the definite aie, i ese of inversion, the article el be attached to the adjecine Actria exceptional de ern ot ecm Alene, ~ Except ala ett de en te doane Aeandre. “Ton tsning se on he se Me Aland, ‘When the noun i preceded by 2 desert adjective and a possense prono- minal ject, in cae of kwon both the adjective andthe poses all eee tc nou snd the seville atch id i th ntl nord order no (arc) * possenive Fade ol boi ac ric) © psc nay ‘i plan ba Ss ~ Ee Baal me pean Alesana. Here my god fend Nes, = Sone ceo ntcyh ene form ees dsgeting or e | aj hak) ~ can never be plc before the nun tey modify The sentinel, at i,t por, esp an only be placed before the noun it mois, Eun be edie lao naar, Than por dog at on aoe. ‘Bieta eine de ua oad ee mie. The poor goto doe al. Exercne 5.23. te slr digo aig the ges clemen Matl/ tip irene / Intradevie — Matte un tp inteesant, te thet —Thiradeni ds ove, Imeresnt tip! ake / cao dept Genie nl Bopln Mpa epee Plc cet / oie Mogi slant Eamor a eae xorclse 5.26. Hite ira dle the gen deme ‘Miho pret /adevieat/ iba eum preten aden ae Ae ets om, Mia char ‘tun adie pricten ‘Aina / pretense a pvt Cristina George / plete ert incoutabl no denke ‘Adana Bitel/seritoare/ remarabl/nteadee teu Cimpoeg/romancler/ exclent/ apa ¢ foams Popsteams/ profesor excepona irk Idoleres 525; epg mace on + ae wh tame dite Fm lo ce as Bg 1a confi de pest fst present drjrl eemareabil Cian ‘Mandesh Miho ee 9 ace exceplnal 3. Ce pire oe dare wat do ou dink of expat interesaned ‘ela Museu de art? 4.— Ce pitere al despre concert exelent deer? 5 La confers de pres orf presente Balerinle ete del Tes ‘wal «Bajo din Mosca, 6.—Diinwl ete panicle del Viena? 7. —Darmnelor rt lost enum de a Bln? 8. Acs erte muse enum Matropaltan din New Yor 9.— Ue oan clabrd «Sita Tele» de Andres ble 10. —«Sfinta Teme» de Fullovest la geera vest Teak dia Moora mu? 11. fs le la prietenl mew bam Alexandr, 2 Alar ai fot a pritna ta bund Maca. 13 cum spent no fon spect lr vehi Andre 9 Lai, 4. —Cind aft price tle vec Simin Ceistna? @ OW, 10150 much indevienes.. @ @ @ @ @ © nei prone rn ce cr” ad ‘The indefinite pronoun / pronominal adjective flcre “The indefinite pronoun adjective fcare cj reyone, ick f.., crys forms only forthe single. esprit ver al be in the 3* person single, ‘The nominative acute frm dene forthe masculine ao the feinine ‘Fico student oe mana. ~ Pare sade ote ma ‘Wen acing a «pronoun, fecare usualy occurs inthe strucare fear + intre + noun / personal pronoun in the plural "care dine stad orca, Fah oer bss oak ‘care dintre oie un rent bu, Fah of ou ond ade. ‘cae dines fe comer 1, Ech of the i oa ‘Asan adjective, care vas precedes the noun imi, The non does not take a are ‘care om oe un el. Every ma basa ie “The indefinite pronoun/ adjective fcr compose ofthe invariable element fie aed the pronoun cae. |The indefinite pronoun pronominal adjective tt Masculine | __ Neuter Feminine Bing: et toatl PL oth I toate The single forms ofthe pronoun ot, oat sl ephag, the nike. subs tute uncountable, mast or abrtract noun names of substances, sts ee The 1 engl forms ofthe proonialadjecive ct, tat match the save pe of = Unie ee vnal Nee be wine? — Tt vin ana. Ae wine shee — Tor? Aoti0? Unde pina? Wath Wed? — Tat pine eat Ae Ive shee. — Tat? Al (9? “The plural forme ofthe pronoun tol ate sbstue nouns desigating count £ ale bject The plral fora of the pronominal ajc og ate match nouns 5 nthe pha, designating countable objects SINT Unde nt tdenti? Where he aes)” — Sant oo hey weal exe. — Tel tude sunt A he stata Unde rane dont? Wr rhe tes fm) ?— Se at The ae ce — Tote stadt st le ent ae er Unde son sence? Whore eth ie? — Sent ote a. They oe {bere — Tote seule nt i A he ca bere “The pronominal and adcta forms are Weta Asa adjective, to, oat to tate placed in penerl before the noun. Hos cer in empl sentences, ican be placed afer the noun, The noun modi Fed by the adjective to, toad, to, owe sys takes the deft rice “Toad ora je cine ese eb. ~ Tara oat cn et The whole coun- tylaowe ho bele Bxercse 5.26. Tonle ity Romanian 1. Bach of you need a textbook, 2. Areal he guests in the conference bal? 3. — War everybody prevnt here? 4 erybody hae books 5. Wil ech student have his set in the room? 6 —Ieall the bread on the ble? 7. — Teall the wine onthe ble? 8. —Dovallhe students fom Romania need is for Canada? 9. Has each student fern) talled with the profesor?10, — Did each ofthe deletes have arom atthe Intercontinental etl in Bacher? 11. Al the Famous women writers ve atthe Marriot Hote 12. Al the clden sy bello politely [Al the collegues ae upstaies Each of thm ha a cp of colle ‘be pes sot ton curt ~ nu pres carts bu acl et ey confor ~ tems confor ‘chiar cant ex He Aeien fn cass apartament avem ‘All the cote good camer des ~ ing ioart 14. All the exeries are difcalt. Each of them bas purpose ‘algerie ddebara 15. — Where ld you get all the Information? Each pce of lor Soro be Toston is dase ceamertdelucra ~ brow —_ucttre 16,All the eat ae next othe house, Bach ofthe cars that re next 29 camer ep falcon ‘the hou Belong ome. camer de bsp fea 17 Aa there yesterday ith all my end, eA conversation in sutragere Th dormitor Bae ‘ming, lesan, | ane, io — Stal la casi saw -ctajere, lampadat, ‘bufet, scrin, ss nent cede |S = ‘camera de cru | i camera copllul_[In amera de cape Rona acy ‘aa deleers Broo, | pt, Be mera Labi. Te Bier her, energie, | ia, Teper, he Sens Sn cel Mice, —e Cals Vcir . en, abe, —nocansperomectimie | — inne cont mae pei, ne, Comets partanentl ha? Cum etc? ee ee ee cop scapubll confor ~ confers ales scot i moe frost fees fey can | sped —aipebs tums ~hanseh oi, = rat can ‘and, oo, rans Saipi, Ty patra, ee, crested | al epee pentru mbes (posmle = grosmics Inghesuit = nghesits ulapurtsupendate | maint de spat ona ‘owed ced ih cimari pen ‘aa pina mete | fo, ae ivsedebucitiie | scamepllante pre ton mare— pres mare eval de ous pis ~ desta de patios !na curd ver cra corto mick‘Tate camerel au: ere (pete) pods este (ereaea—() fan oH 1) Exercise 5.27, Lok pth onde an above in the Resa Engh Alesonay. Aad ae mode wee i. Exercise 8.28, Use the word gun bone dae «smal ountry hour, 3 big house in ig iy 2 lsary apartment, your lsng room, your stay your chen, your bathroom, the room Of five year olde oon os thiten peat ol, your bedroom, 4 ‘ne-bedinspdrment nan apartment bung [Exercise 5.29. Dssbe your dom hue sig the feo the vs you now Exercise 5.30, Yu jst aed no newton, Calafitend and duce (hep ou gp tT model the luc te bepong of thi cape end the lowing dlegue Al, x og eu Andres. La tlfone Mar Un moment mg pee Alo, Andree, sot Mara ‘Miia! De unde da telefon? Hy Sn Constanta? Da, de a diminet Unde wat? —fosrn apartament en hie Cite camere ai? Dou Plas bce ! babe cn sunt merle? Nat gi himinone, Deocamdats mam pre malts mobi, doa ‘tre neceat 0 mas, dos cane, pat, raft pete ei E bine cham tle AS Bacar mg a wn spareament ban! Exercise 8.31 Til afin whe you nay dng: your lat summer tip to Bucharest, your fst year in eallege, your {ody pt the sx, your teen lang stayin Romania DISEARA CINAM LA RESTAURANT WE'RE HAVING DINNER OUT TONIGHT, 9) Seen Chat revtrant ent att de ton Uk revere ere crane pensioners renin Gena omfneanc or pono sms a eo at Perfect, Mancimn la Nicoregt eat a Ran od stat he etl wf Do ‘ken he rao my soy es socaddenetey i.