Thut gii ILA c nh gi mnh hn hai thut gii v phng php hc quy np

trc y l ID3
Xc nh d liu
1. Tp mu c lit k trong mt bng, vi mi dng tng ng mt mu, v mi
ct th hin mt thuc tnh trong mu.
2. Tp mu c m mu, mi mu gm k thuc tnh, trong c mt thuc tnh quyt
nh. Tng s n cc gi tr ca thuc tnh quyt nh chnh l s lp ca tp mu.
3. Tp lut R c gi tr khi to l
4. Tt c cc dng trong bng ban u cha c nh du (kim tra).
p dng thut gii ILA qua cc bc:

Bc 1: Chia bng m mu ban u thnh n bng con. Mi bng con ng vi mt
gi tr ca thuc tnh phn lp hay thuc tnh quyt nh ca tp mu.
(* thc hin cc bc 2 n 8 cho mi bng con*)

Bc 2: Khi to bin m kt hp thuc tnh j, j = 1 cho bit s thuc tnh
ang xt.

Bc 3: Vi mi bng con ang kho st, phn chia danh sch cc thuc tnh
theo cc t hp phn bit, mi t hp ng vi j thuc tnh phn bit.

Bc 4: Vi mi t hp cc thuc tnh, tnh s lng cc gi tr thuc tnh xut
hin theo cng t hp thuc tnh trong cc dng cha c nh du ca bng
con ang xt (m ng thi khng xut hin vi t hp thuc tnh ny trn cc
bng cn li). Gi t hp u tin (trong bng con) c s ln xut hin nhiu nht
l t hp ln nht.

Bc 5: Nu t hp ln nht bng , tng j ln 1 v quay li bc 3.

Bc 6: nh du cc dng tho t hp ln nht ca bng con ang x l theo
lp.

Bc 7: Thm lut mi vo tp lut R, vi v tri l tp cc gi tr ca thuc
tnh ng vi t hp ln nht (kt hp cc thuc tnh bng ton t AND) v v phi
l gi tr thuc tnh quyt nh tng ng.

Bc 8: Nu tt c cc dng u c nh du phn lp, tip tc thc hin
t bc 2 cho cc bng con cn li. Ngc li (nu cha nh du ht cc dng)
th quay li bc 4. Nu tt c cc bng con c xt th kt thc, kt qu thu
c l tp lut cn tm.

Thut gii ILA c nh gi mnh hn hai thut gii v phng php hc quy np
trc y l ID3
V d minh ho thut gii
Mu s

Size

Color

Shape

Decision

medium

blue

brick

yes

small

red

wedge

no

small

red

sphere

yes

large

red

wedge

no

large

green

pillar

yes

large

red

pillar

no

large

green

sphere

yes

Bc 1:
Bng con 1
Mu s Mu s
c
mi

Size

Color

Shape

Decision

medium

blue

brick

yes

small

red

sphere

yes

large

green

pillar

Yes

large

green

sphere

Yes

Bng con 2
Mu s Mu s
c
mi

Size

Color

Shape

Decision

small

red

wedge

No

large

red

wedge

No

large

red

pillar

No

Thut gii ILA c nh gi mnh hn hai thut gii v phng php hc quy np
trc y l ID3
Vi j=1, danh sch cc t hp thuc tnh gm c {Size}, {Color}, v {Shape}.
Vi t hp {Size}, gi tr thuc tnh medium xut hin trong bng con th nht
nhng khng c trong bng con th hai, do gi tr t hp ln nht l medium. Bi v
cc gi tr thuc tnh small v large xut hin trong c hai bng con, nn khng c
xt trong bc ny. Vi t hp {Size} gi tr thuc tnh medium ch bng 1
Xt tip cho t hp {Color} th gi tr t hp ln nht l bng 2, ng vi thuc tnh
green, cn thuc tnh blue l bng 1
Vi t hp {Shape}, ta c brick xut hin mt ln, v sphere hai ln.
 n y nhn thy c hai thuc tnh: green v sphere hai thuc tnh {Color}
v {Shape} u c s ln xut hin ln nht l 2. Thut ton mc nh chn trng hp
th nht xc nh lut t hp ln nht. Dng 3 v 4 c nh du phn lp

ta c lut dn nh sau:
Rule 1: IF color IS green THEN decision IS yes
cc mu cn li (cha nh du) trong bng con 1 (tc dng 1 v 2). p dng tng t
nh trn, ta thy gi tr thuc tnh medium ca {Size}, blue ca {Color}, brick v
"sphere" ca {Shape} u xut hin mt ln. Bi v s ln xut hin ny ging nhau,
thut gii p dng lut mc nh chn trng hp u tin l thuc tnh {Size}. Ta c
thm lut sau:
Rule 2: IF size IS medium THEN decision IS yes

Tip tc p dng bc 4 n 8 trn dng cn li (tc dng 2). Gi tr thuc tnh

"sphere" ca {Shape} xut hin mt ln, ta c lut th ba:
Rule 3: IF shape IS sphere THEN decision IS yes

Nh vy, tt c cc dng trong bng con 1 c nh du, ta chuyn qua x l tip

bng con 2.
Thuc tnh "wedge" ca {Shape} xut hin hai ln trong dng 1 v 2 ca bng con ny
v khng xut hin bng con 1. nh du cc dng ny vi lut dn th t sau:
Rule 4: IF shape IS wedge THEN decision IS no

Thut gii ILA c nh gi mnh hn hai thut gii v phng php hc quy np
trc y l ID3
ILA tng j = j + 1 khi bng con th 2 ch cn mt dng v tt c cc mu ca cc t
hp j = 1 u xut hin trong bng 1.
Khi to cc t hp 2 thuc tnh l {Size v Color}, {Size v Shape}, v {Color v
Shape}. Cc t hp th nht v th ba tho mn iu kin khng xut hin trong bng
con 1 vi cc cp thuc tnh hin c ca dng ny.

Theo lut mc nh, ta chn lut theo trng hp th nht. nh du dng ny, ta c
thm lut dn th 5:
Rule 5: IF size IS large AND color IS red THEN decision IS no

Tng hp cc lut