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Chuong 1 - Cac Van de Thuong Gap Phai Khi Thiet Ke CSDL
Chuong 1 - Cac Van de Thuong Gap Phai Khi Thiet Ke CSDL
CHNG 1
MT S VN TRONG XY DNG C S D LIU
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Lp thng tin
Mt vn thng thng khc l vic chng ta lu tr cng mt thng tin
vi ch khc nhau. S d tha ny thng l kt qu ca vic thit k d liu
do c vi ngun d liu khc nhau. V d nh trong mt doanh nghip nh, mi
ha n t hng ghi nhn thng tin lin quan ti s in thoi, a ch v tn
ca khch hng. Nu chng ta thit k mt bng cho mu nhp liu , th tn,
s in thoi, a ch s c ghi nhn vo cng mt thi im tng n hng
c t. iu s dn ti mt s khng thng nht v d liu khi ngi dng
thay i a ch. Nu chng ta mun gi mt catalog qung co, th chng ta
khng bit chc c a ch no l a ch chng ta nn s dng. i khi vic
lp thng tin khng d thy. V d 1-3 minh ha trng hp ny.
V D 1-3: D LIU CN TRNG1
Clare Churcher and Peter McNaughton, There are bugs in our spreadsheet: Designing a database for
scientific data (research report, Centre for Computing and Biometrics: Lincoln University, February
1998).
TTTG - Lu hnh ni b
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TTTG - Lu hnh ni b
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TTTG - Lu hnh ni b
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nhng thit k bng trn khng cho php c nhiu hn mt im d sinh vin th
vi ln. Vn khng c nhn ra cho ti nm hc sau (khi c nhng sinh
vin u tin thi trt). Khi c rt nhiu n lc cho vic pht trin chng
trnh v nhp liu, mt trong cc gii php l to mi nm hc mt bng d liu
ring v s dng logic vit chng trnh cho php l y ra im ca sinh vin
t mt trong cc bng tng ng.
Khi m ngi xy dng h thng lm vic khc, d liu ca vi nm hc tnh
trng m khng ai c th hiu c. V l l do v sao ti c cng vic u
tin v c s d liu (v c s d liu mi phi i mt yu cu thay i trong
vi nm).
V d 1-4 rt tt trong vic ch ra s c nhiu vn nh th no nu nh
bn thit k c s d liu ti. Mt ln na m hnh d liu khng hp l l
nguyn nhn ca cc vn . Ngi pht trin chng trnh ch thy v s
dng mt lp: sinh vin (students) Gc nhn duy nht ca ngi pht trin da
trn sinh vin. Chng ta c th thy rng c t nht 02 lp Sinh vin
(students)v Mn hc (Subject) v chng ta c th quan tm ti mi lin h gia
chng. C th nh chng ta mun bit im ca mt sinh vic vi mt mn hc
no y. Chng 4 s hng dn cch tm hiu mi quan h Nhiu-Nhiu v d
nh quan h gia sinh vin v mn hc trn c th dn ti vic a ra mt lp
mi ng k hc (Enrollment). iu cho php im s khc nhau c ghi
nhn cho cc ln thi mn hc khc nhau. V nh th gii quyt vn sinh
vin thi trt khng mt qu 5 pht, cng nh s ri lon ca d liu khng
xy ra.
Tng kt
Nhng suy ngh u tin thit k mt c s d liu c th b nh hng
bi mt bo co hay mt cch nhp liu c th. nh hng ny c th dn ti
thit k khng gii quyt c cc yu cu khc nhau sau . iu quan trng l
cn ngh v d liu bn di v thit k c s d liu phn nh c s d liu
lu tr, thay v ci m bn mun lm hay s dng c s d liu trong ngn
hn.
TTTG - Lu hnh ni b
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