Chng 8

BK
TP.HCM

Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering

HCMC University of Technology
268, av. Ly Thuong Kiet,
District 10, HoChiMinh city
Telephone :
(08) 864-7256 (ext. 5843)
Fax :
(08) 864-5137
Email : anhvu@hcmut.edu.vn
http://www.cse.hcmut.edu.vn/~anhvu

THIT K B LC S

T.S. inh c Anh V

Ni dung
B lc l tng
B lc thc t
B lc vi p ng xung hu hn (FIR)
B lc tuyn tnh pha
Phng php ca s
Phng php mu tn s

B lc tuyn tnh pha ti u

B bin i Hilbert
So snh cc phng php thit k

B lc vi p ng xung v hn (IIR)
Phng php xp x o hm
Phng php bt bin xung
DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

Gii thiu
Phng php thit k b lc tn s
c tnh b lc c m t bi p ng bin v pha
Ty theo p ng mong mun, b lc nhn qu FIR
hoc IIR s c chn
FIR
c dng khi c yu cu p ng pha tuyn tnh trong passband
Nhiu thng s hn IIR phc tp tnh ton cao

IIR
C cc thu bin di stopband thp hn b lc FIR c cng s
tham s c dng nhiu hn so vi FIR (khi mo pha trong
passband c th chp nhn c)
phc tp tnh ton khng cao v tiu tn t b nh

Xc nh cc h s b lc
DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

Tnh nhn qu
Xt b lc l tng
w wc

1
H (w ) =
0

wc < w p

H()
1

-c

wpc
h(n) = w
c
p

n=0
sin(w c n )
wc n

n0
c = /4

B lc khng nhn qu
khng hin thc c

DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

/k b lc nhn qu
nh l Paley-Wiener
h(n) c nng lng hu hn
h(n) = 0 "n<0

ln H (w ) dw <

-p

Vi Q(w ), H (w ) = H (w ) e

jQ (w )

h(n) : nhan qua

ln H (w ) dw <

-p

H (w )

dw <

-p

H() ch c php = 0 ti mt tp hu hn cc tn s
|H()| khng c l hng s cho mt khong tn
Vic chuyn t passband sang stopband khng c thng gc

HR() v HI() ph thuc nhau Ph bin v ph pha khng

th chn c lp c
DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

/k b lc nhn qu

[h(n) + h(-n)]
ho (n) = 12 [h(n) - h(- n)]

he (n) =

h(n) = he (n) + ho (n)

1
2

h(n) nhn qu

ho (n) = he (n) n 1

h(n) = 2he (n)u (n) - he (0)d (n)

n0

h(n) = 2ho (n)u (n) + h(0)d (n)

n 1

h(n) = he (n) + ho (n)

h(n) thc

H (w ) = H R (w ) + jH I (w )
B Hilbert ri rc

h(n) c m t bi he(n)

H() c m t bi HR()
H() c m t bi HI() v h(0)

H I (w ) = - 21p

w -l
H
(
l
)
cot(
2 ) dl
R

-p
DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

B lc tn s trong thc t
M

LTI

y (n) = - ak y (n - k ) + bk x(n - k )
k =1

H (w ) =

k =0

c trng

Transition Band

|H()|

- jwk
b
e
k
k =0
N

1 + ak e - jwk
k =1

1: Passband ripple
2: Stopband ripple
p: Passband edge ripple
s: Stopand edge ripple

1+1
1-1

StopBand

Passband ripple

DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

Thit k b lc FIR
Tnh i xng & phn i xng

B lc FIR

M -1

y (n) = bk x(n - k )
k =0

B lc FIR tuyn tnh pha

H() c pha () l hm tuyn tnh
/k: h(n) = h(M1n)
n = 0, 1, , M-1
M -1

H ( z ) = h( k ) z - k

h(k) = bk

k =0

y (n) =

M -1

h(k ) x(n - k )
k =0

1/z1*
z1
1/z2

z2

z 1*

1/z1
DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

Thay z bi z-1
Nhn 2 v vi z-(M-1)
h(n) = h(M1n)

z - ( M -1) H ( z -1 ) = H ( z )
Nu z1 l nghim (hoc zero) ca H(z)
th 1/z1 cng l nghim
h(n) thc th z1* cng l nghim
v 1/ z1* cng l nghim
8

Thit k b lc FIR
Tnh i xng & phn i xng

Hm h/t

H ( z)

= h(0) + h(1) z -1 + ... + h( M - 1) z - ( M -1)

M -3
2
- ( M -1)
( M -1-2 n )
- ( M -12-2 n )
M -1
2
2
z
z
h ( 2 ) + h ( n ) z

n =0

=
M
( M -1- 2 n )
- ( M2-1) 2 -1
- ( M -12-2 n )
2
z
h ( n) z

z
n=0

M le
M chan

p ng xung n v i xng h(n) = h(M 1 n)

H (w ) = H r (w )e
Bin thc

c tnh pha

- jw ( M2-1)

2
M -1
h( 2 ) + 2 h(n) cos w ( M -12- 2 n )

n=0
H r (w ) = M
-1
2
M -1- 2 n
w
2
h
(
n
)
cos
(
)

n=0
H r (w ) > 0
- w ( M2-1 )
Q(w ) =
M -1
w
(
H r (w ) < 0
2 ) +p

DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

M -3

M le
M chan
Tuyn tnh
9

Thit k b lc FIR
Tnh i xng & phn i xng
p ng xung n v phn i xng h(n) = h(M1n)
Khi M l

h[(M1)/2] = 0

H (w ) = H r (w )e

- j [w ( M2-1 ) - p2 ]

Bin thc

2
2 h ( n ) sin w ( M -12- 2 n ) M le
n=0
H r (w ) = M
-1
2
M -1 - 2 n
2
(
)
sin
(
) M chan
h
n
w

n=0

c tnh pha

p2 - w ( M2-1 ) H r (w ) > 0
Q(w ) = 3p
M -1
2 - w ( 2 ) H r (w ) < 0

M -3

Tuyn tnh

i xng hay phn i xng ?

Ty
h(n) = h(M1n)
M l

Hr(0) = 0
Hr() = 0

DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

Khng thch hp
cho cc b lc thng thp
v thng cao
10

Thit k b lc FIR tuyn tnh pha

Phng php ca s
Gi s
Hd(): hm p ng tn s mong mun

H d (w ) =

hd(n): hm p ng xung n v mong mun hd ( n ) =

hd(n) c chiu di v hn
chiu di hd(n) hu hn, ct hd(n) ti im n = M-1
Nhn hd(n) vi hm ca s w(n)
Ca s hnh ch nht

p ng xung mu ca b lc

h(n)

= hd ( n ) w( n )

hd ( n ) n = 0,1,.., M - 1
=
otherwise
0

1
2p

n=0
p

jw n
(
)
H
w
e
dw
d

-p

n = 0,1,..., M - 1
otherwise

1
w(n ) =
0

H (w ) =

h d ( n ) e - jw n

p
1
2p

(v )W (w - v ) dv

-p

Vi Hd() cho trc, th W() c tc dng lm trn Hd()

Mt W() tt khi
C thu chnh phi rng, cao hn nhiu so vi thu ph
w(n) khng nn gim xung 0 ti hai bn cnh
DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

11

Thit k b lc FIR tuyn tnh pha

Phng php ca s
- jwM

1- e
W (w ) = e
=
1 - e - jw
n =0
- jw ( M -1) / 2 sin(wM / 2)
=e
sin(w / 2)
M -1

- jwn

W (w ) =

sin( w2M )
w
2

sin( )

- w ( M2-1 )
Q(w ) =
M -1
(
p
w
2 )

-p w p
sin( w2M ) 0
sin( w2M ) < 0

rng ca thy chnh: 4 /M

[c o bi im zero u tin ca W()]
Nhn xt:
- Thu chnh hp hn khi M tng
- Cc thu ph tng i ln so vi
thu chnh v khng thay i khi M tng
- Chiu cao thu ph tng khi M tng

DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

12

Thit k b lc FIR tuyn tnh pha

PP ly mu tn s
Hd() c nh ngha ti M im tn s cch u

wk =

2p
M

H d (w ) =

(k + a )

M -1

k = 0 ,1, K , M2-1

M le

k = 0 ,1, K , M2 - 1

M chan

a = 0|

1
2

- jw n
h
(
n
)
e
d
n=0

H d ( k + a ) H d [ 2Mp ( k + a )]
M -1

=0, 2 cng thc

ny chnh l cng thc
DFT v IDFT

H d ( k + a ) = hd ( n)e - j 2p ( k +a ) n / M

k = 0,1, K , M - 1

n=0

hd ( n) =

M -1
1
M

j 2p ( k +a ) n / M
H
(
k
a
)
e
+
d

n = 0,1, K , M - 1

k =0

H d (k + a ) = H d* ( M - k - a )

Chui h(n) thc

Ch cn nh ngha Hd() ti (M+1)/2 im khi M l

hoc ti M/2 im khi M chn
DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

13

Thit k b lc FIR tuyn tnh pha

PP ly mu tn s

Mu tn s

nh ngha cc mu tn s thc G(k+m)

H d (k + a ) = H r ( 2Mp (k + a ) )e j [bp / 2- 2p ( k +a )( M -1) / 2 M ]

b = 0 {h(n)} oi xng
Vi

b = 1 {h(n)} phan oi xng

G (k + a ) = (-1) k H r ( 2Mp (k + a ) )

H d (k + a ) = G (k + a )e jkp e j [bp / 2 - 2p ( k +a )( M -1) / 2 M ]

Ty theo gi tr (0|) v (0|1), H(k) v h(n) s c cng thc n gin

V d khi = 0 v = 0

H ( k ) = G (k )e jpk / M

G (k ) = ( -1) k H r ( 2Mpk )
G (k ) = -G ( M - k )

k = 0,1, K , M - 1
U
1

h(n) = G (0) + 2 G ( k ) cos 2Mpk (n + 12 )

M
k =1

khi M le
M2-1
vi
U = M
2 - 1 khi M chan

DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

14

Thit k b lc FIR tuyn tnh pha

Phng php ti u
Bi ton xp x Chebyshev
Ti u: sai s xp x gia p ng t/s mong
mun v thc t phn b u trn passband v
stopband ti thiu ha cc sai s cc i
B lc c gn sng trong c passband v
stopband

DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

15

Thit k b lc FIR tuyn tnh pha

Phng php ti u
Trng hp 1: p ng xung n v i xng v M l
H r (w ) = h( M2-1 ) + 2

( M -3) / 2

h(n) cos w (
n =0

M -1
2

- n)

k = (M-1)/2 n

H r (w ) =

( M -1) / 2

a(k ) cos wk
k =0

h( M2-1 )
a (k ) = M -1
2 h ( 2 - k )
DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

k =0
k = 1,2, K , M2-1
16

Thit k b lc FIR tuyn tnh pha

Phng php ti u
Trng hp 2: p ng xung n v i xng v M chn
H r (w ) = 2

M / 2 -1

h(n) cos w (
n =0

M -1
2

- n)

k = M/2 n
M/2

H r (w ) = b(k ) cos w (k - 12 )
k =1
M
2

b( k ) = 2 h( - k )

b ' ( 0 ) = 12 b (1)

k = 1,2,K , M2
H r (w ) = cos w2

b ' ( k ) + b ' ( k - 1) = 2 b ( k )

M / 2 -1

b' (k ) cos wk
k =0

k = 1, 2, K , M2 - 2

b ' ( M2 - 1) = 2 b ( M2 )
DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

17

Thit k b lc FIR tuyn tnh pha

Phng php ti u
Trng hp 3: p ng xung n v phn i xng v M l
H r (w ) = 2

( M -3) / 2

M -1
h
(
n
)
sin
w
(

2 - n)
n =0

k = (M-1)/2 n

H r (w ) =

( M -1) / 2

c(k ) sin wk
k =1

c(k ) = 2h( M2-1 - k )

k = 1,2, K , M2-1
c ' ( M2-3 ) = c ( M2-1 )

H r (w ) = sin w

( M -3) / 2

c' (k ) cos wk
k =0

c ' ( M2-5 ) = 2c ( M2-3 )

M

c ' ( k - 1) - c ' ( k + 1) = 2c ( k )

2k

M -5
2

c ' (0) + 12 c ' ( 2) = c (1)

DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

18

Thit k b lc FIR tuyn tnh pha

Phng php ti u
Trng hp 4: p ng xung n v phn i xng v M
chn
M / 2 -1
H r (w ) = 2 h(n) sin w ( M2-1 - n)
n =0

k = M/2 n
M /2

H r (w ) = d (k ) sin w (k - 12 )
k =1

d (k ) = 2h( M2 - k )

k = 1,2,K , M2

H r (w ) = sin w2

d ' ( M2 - 1) = 2d ( M2 )
d ' (k - 1) - d ' (k ) = 2d (k )

2k

M
2

M / 2 -1

d ' (k ) cos wk
k =0

-1

d ' (0) - 12 d ' (1) = d (1)

DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

19

Thit k b lc FIR tuyn tnh pha

Phng php ti u
Tng qut
1
cos w

2
Q (w ) =
sin w
sin w2

H r (w ) = Q(w ) P (w )
trng hp 1
trng hp 2
trng hp 3
trng hp 4

P (w ) = a (k ) cos wk
k =0

DSP Lecture 8, 2007, Dr. Dinh-Duc Anh-Vu CSE

( M - 1) / 2
M / 2 - 1

L=
( M - 3) / 2
M / 2 - 1

trng hp1
trng hp 2
trng hp 3
trng hp 4

20