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RIETI Discussion Paper Series 11-J-010

http://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/

RIETI Discussion Paper Series 11-J-010

2011 1

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Digital Right Management
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51
52
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1069
1070
1071
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
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true tears

ARIA The ORIGINATION

GUNSLINGER GIRL -IL TEATRI

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91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111

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1128
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
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1149
1150
1152
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
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1184
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13

Ln(sale)

=a

+ b12*ln(rental) + b13*ln(Ytube) + b14*ln(Winny) +instr1 +u

Ln(rental)=a+b21*ln(sale)

+ b23*ln(Ytube) + b24*ln(Winny) +instr2 +u

Ln(Ytube)=a+b31*ln(sale) + b32*ln(rental)

+ b34*ln(Winny) +instr3 +u

Ln(Winny)=a+b41*ln(sale) + b42*ln(rental) + b43*ln(Ytube) +

+instr4 +u

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23

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21

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15

[1]
log(DVD

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

DVDprice2price2
YTube dur2
YTube dur3
YTube dur4

WOWOWAT-X
BS
OVA

dm2
dm3
dm4
dm5
dm6
dm7

lsales
coef

-0.182
-0.002
-0.008
0.040

-(2.49)
-(0.14)
-(0.22)
(4.24)

0.146
(dropped)
-1.220
2.516
0.817
0.240
0.220
-0.112
-0.558

(0.33)
-(1.86)
(11.15)
(2.77)
(0.54)

[2]
log()

lrentals
coef
t
-0.070
-0.011
-0.112
0.063
1.370
(dropped)
(dropped)
0.717
-1.773
(dropped)
1.006
0.231
0.446

-(1.02)
-(0.36)
-(1.62)
(4.69)
(1.87)

(1.01)
-(3.82)

11 CD
12
13

dm8
dm9
dm10

14
15
16
17
18
19
20

dm11
dm12
dm13
dm14
dm15
dm16
dm17

-1.797 -(16.24)
-1.428 -(7.25)
-1.297 -(11.18)
-1.997 -(5.72)
-1.778 -(8.48)
(dropped)
-3.781 -(10.76)

-0.825
-1.311
-0.028
1.003
-0.621
(dropped)
0.902

-(3.27)
-(2.67)
-(0.07)
(1.53)
-(1.18)

21
22
23
24

dm18
dm19
dm20
dm21

(3.87)
0.429
-2.507 -(8.26)
-3.114 -(14.43)
(dropped)

0.857
(dropped)
(dropped)
(dropped)

(3.17)

25
26
27

dm22
dm23
_cons

0.001
0.063
8.845

R2
n

0.8441
155

(1.68)
-(1.05)
-(2.47)

-0.003
0.013
5.077

(2.26)
(8.01)
(19.45)

0.4927
114

(1.90)
(0.68)
(1.20)

(0.84)

-(1.62)
(0.36)
(5.87)

[3]
[4]
log(YouTubew)g(Winny

lytubes
coef
t
0.138
-0.058
-0.117
0.032
-12.174
(dropped)
-23.655
1.712
-1.740
-11.848
-0.236
-0.011
-1.182

(1.95)
-(2.24)
-(1.88)
(2.61)
-(5.46)
-(5.57)
(4.07)
-(3.92)
-(5.37)
-(1.03)
-(0.05)
-(4.29)

lwinnys
coef
t
-0.004
0.024
-0.003
-0.027
-0.380
(dropped)
-1.568
0.847
-0.069
-0.640
0.134
-0.367
-0.293

-(0.08)
(1.78)
-(0.09)
-(3.15)
-(0.85)
-(2.46)
(3.69)
-(0.25)
-(1.41)
(0.93)
-(2.62)
-(1.67)

-0.568 -(3.59)
-1.015 -(2.74)
(1.48)
0.252
(2.18)
1.141
-1.485 -(6.26)
(dropped)
(4.07)
8.673

-0.637
0.086
-0.706
-0.411
-0.317
(dropped)
-0.871

(7.93)
1.361
(3.17)
1.459
-0.926 -(2.47)
(dropped)

(3.66)
0.556
-1.650 -(5.01)
-2.281 -(6.03)
(dropped)

0.004
0.050
22.762
0.8266
166

(4.30)
(4.21)
(10.17)

0.002
0.017
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(0.41)
-(5.33)
-(1.37)
-(1.59)
-(2.44)

(3.65)
(1.85)
(20.48)

0.7325
166

16

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19

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lsales
1 log(DVD

[6]

[7]

[8]
log(Winny
log( log(YouTube

)
w)
)
lrentals
lytubes
lwinnys
0.308
-0.465
0.276
(1.31)

-(1.47)

-0.167

2 log()

-(0.81)
3 log(YouTubew)
4 log(Winny)

6 YTube

-0.429 a

(2.63)

-(2.81)

0.248 a

0.075

(3.87)

(1.02)

0.055

-1.108 b

1.085 c

(0.15)

-(2.00)

(1.85)

5 YTube

0.043 a

0.021

(3.72)

(1.37)

7 DVD -0.096
-(1.23)
8 WOWOWAT-X
2.384 a
(5.57)
9

(2.70)

1.119 b

0.062 a
1.52

-0.069 b

0.003

-(2.12)

(0.21)

-0.284 a

0.352 b

-0.128 c

-(2.83)

(2.62)

-(1.72)

0.943 b

0.388

(2.54)

(1.57)

-10.121 a
-(9.17)

10 CD
11

1.401 a

-1.797 a

(3.36)

-(4.42)

(4.37)

0.287 c

1.006 a

0.658 a

(1.84)

(2.97)

(3.60)

12
13

0.868 a

0.005 a

0.052

(4.64)

(0.71)

0.088 a

0.070 a

(5.30)

(2.83)

14

-0.651 a

15

-4.352 a

-(5.13)

6.825 a

-(5.13)
16

5.309 b

R2

(6.39)

12.267 a

-2.576

7.955 a

(2.14)

(3.94)

-(0.62)

(6.86)

0.684
105

0.178
105

0.741
105

0.466
105

t-value in the parenthesis

a:1%b:5%c:10

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20

1.1 1.1

[8]
(0.429)
DVD
Winny Winny

DVD DVD
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DVD
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Winny YouTube 1.085
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YouTube

21

[9]

1 log(DVD

[10]

[12]
log(Winny
log(DVD log( log(YouTube

)
w)
)
lsales
lrentals
lytubes
lwinnys
0.125
-0.731
0.256
(0.30)

-0.309

2 log()

-(0.64)
3 log(YouTubew)
4 log(Winny)

7 DVD
8 WOWOWAT-X

-(0.83)

(1.54)

0.857

-0.188

(1.12)

-(0.88)

0.274 c
1.88
0.091

-0.001
-0.01
-0.431

2.330

(0.11)

-(0.33)

(0.95)

5 YTube
6 YTube

[11]

0.055
1.02

-0.008

-0.009

-(0.12)

-(0.50)

0.045

0.044 c

(1.46)

(1.90)

0.036

-0.213 c

0.156

-0.024

(0.23)

-(1.87)

(0.58)

-(0.27)

2.624 b

1.029 c

(2.50)

(1.69)

0.178
(0.41)

-9.243 a

-(3.40)
10 CD

0.252

1.010

-2.128 c

(0.72)

(1.13)

-(1.85)

0.711

11

13
14

(2.58)

0.441

(1.17)
12

0.762 b

(1.42)

0.005 b

-0.018

(2.02)

-(0.15)

0.102 a

0.059

(2.80)

(0.86)

-0.799 b
-(2.13)

15

-4.592 b

7.009 a

-(2.33)
16

n
# of groups
R2 within
R2 between
R2 overall
sigma_u
sigma_e

(2.90)

5.131

8.538

-9.119

6.851 a

(0.92)

(1.16)

-(0.55)

(4.74)

105
22
0.004
0.703
0.617
0.622
0.419

105
22
0.033
0.307
0.293
0.716
0.805

105
22
0.127
0.827
0.615
0.720
0.646

105
22
0.003
0.632
0.554
0.332
0.356

a:1%b:5%c:10

22


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23

2007/10-2008/6)

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
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24

 DRM
Winny
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25


2008

2008 9 16

2007 : Winny
YouTube 41 1
BlackBurn, David, 2004, On-line Piracy and Recorded Music Sales, Job Market Paper.
Landes, Willian and Richard Posner, 1989, Economic Analysis of Copyright Law,
Journal of Legal Studies 18, pp.325-363
Stan J. Liebowitz, 2008, Testing File Sharings Impact on Music Album Sales in Cities,
Management Science 54(4), pp. 852859
Oberholzer-Gee, Felix and Koleman Strumpf, 2007, The Effect of file Sharing on record
Sales: An Empirical Analysis, Journal of Political Economy 115(1), pp.1-42.
Peitz, Martin and Patrick Waelbroeck (2004). The Effect of Internet Piracy on Music
Sales: Cross-section Evidence. Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues
1(2) pp. 71-79.
Tanaka, Tatsuo, 2004, Does file sharing reduce music CD sales?: A case of Japan,
Hitotsubashi University Institute of Innovation Research, IIR Working Paper,
WP#05-08.

26


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8

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