1-1

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1-2

Chapter

1
Introduction to Organizational
Behavior

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Introduction

1-3

Organizations are much more than only a

means for providing goods and service
They create the settings in which most of us
spend our lives
They have profound influence on employee
behavior

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1-4

The core 21st century qualities

needed to create the ideal

work atmosphere begin with

intelligence, passion, a strong

work ethic, and a genuine
concern for people.

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Managing and Working Today and in the

Future:

1-5

Managers must become agile and

flexible to help their firms develop and
sustain competitive advantage
To be successful, managers will need to
harness the powers of:
information technology
human capital
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Environmental Forces Reshaping

Management Practice

1-6

Power of
Human
Resources

Globalism

Rapidity of
Change
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Cultural
Diversity

New WorkerEmployer
Psychological
Contract

Technology

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1-7

Challenges of These Forces to Managers

Failing to cope and deal

Resisting the reality of
with these forces will likely
these forces will likely lead
result in:
to:
Job dissatisfaction
Unnecessary conflict
Poor morale
Reduced managerial
Reduced commitment
performance
Lower work quality
Reduced non
Burnout
managerial performance
Poor judgment
Lost opportunities
Unhealthy consequences
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The Origins of Management

Frederic W. Taylors
Scientific
Management
Principles

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1-8

Henri Fayols
Functions of
Management

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Taylors Scientific Management Principles

1-9

(1 of 2)

Develop a science for each element of an

employees work
which replaces the old rule-of-thumb
method

Scientifically select and then train, teach,

and develop the worker
whereas in the past a worker chose the
work to do and was self-trained
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Taylors Scientific Management Principles

1-10

(2 of 2)

Heartily cooperate with each other to

insure that all work was done in
accordance with the principles of science
There is an almost equal division of the
work and the responsibility between
management and non-managers

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1-11

Impact of Fayols Functions of Management

Emphasized the
importance of carefully
practicing efficient:
planning
organizing
commanding
coordinating
controlling

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Management is a separate
body of knowledge that can
be applied in any type of
organization
A theory of management
that can be learned and
taught
There is a need for
teaching management in
colleges
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1-12

Definition of Organizational Behavior (OB)

The study of human behavior, attitudes,
and performance within an organizational
setting
drawing on theory, methods, and principles from
such disciplines as psychology, sociology, political
science, and cultural anthropology
to learn about individual, groups, structure, and
processes
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Key Points About OB

1-13

1. OB is a way of thinking
2. OB is multidisciplinary

3. There is a distinctly humanistic orientation

within OB
4. The field of OB is performance-oriented
5. The role of the scientific method is important in
studying variables and relationships
6. OB has a distinctive applications orientation
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Contributions to the Study of Organizational Behavior

Discipline

Unit of Analysis

1-14

Output

Psychology
Individual
Sociology

Social Psychology

Organizational
Behavior

Group

Anthropology
Organization
Political Science

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Studying Organizational Behavior

Leaders and
Organizational
Behavior

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1-15

The Hawthorne
Studies

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1-16

Topics in Studying and Understanding OB

The
Organizations
Environment
Understanding
and Managing
Individual
Behavior
Organizational
Processes
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Group Behavior
and
Interpersonal
Influence
Organizational
Structure

Change and
Innovation
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The Basic Elements of a System

Inputs

Process

1-17

Outputs

Environment
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Three Perspectives on Effectiveness

Individual
effectiveness

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Group
effectiveness

1-18

Organizational
effectiveness

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1-19

Time Dimension Model of Effectiveness

Short run

Intermediate run

Long run

Quality

Quality

Quality

Productivity
Efficiency
Satisfaction

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Adaptiveness
Efficiency
Satisfaction

Survival

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1-20

Systems Theory and Effectiveness (1 of 2)

Effectiveness criteria must reflect the
entire input-process-output cycle, not
simply output
Effectiveness criteria must reflect the
interrelationships between the
organization and its outside environment

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1-21

Systems Theory and Effectiveness (2 of 2)

Organizational effectiveness is an allencompassing concept that includes a
number of component concepts
The managerial task is to maintain the
optimal balance among these
components

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Managers can lead the way to higher levels of 1-22

effectiveness by: (1 of 2)

Providing opportunities for training and

continuous learning
Sharing information with employees
Encouraging cross-development
partnerships
Linking compensation to performance

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Managers can lead the way to higher levels of 1-23

effectiveness by: (2 of 2)

Avoiding layoffs
Being a supportive role model
Respecting the differences across
employees
Being a good listener

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2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Key Points (1 of 2)

1-24

The key to an organizations success is

its human resources
Organizations need human resources
that:
work hard
think creatively
perform excellently
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Key Points (2 of 2)

1-25

Rewarding, encouraging, and nurturing

the human resources in a timely and
meaningful manner is what is required
The behavior of employees is the key to
achieving effectiveness

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2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.