BIOLOGY

FORM 4

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CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 : Introduction to Biology
CHAPTER 2 : Cell Structure and Cell
Organisation
CHAPTER 3 : Movement of Substances Across
the Plasma Membrane
CHAPTER 4 : Chemical Composition of the cell
CHAPTER 5 : Cell Division
CHAPTER 6 : Nutrition
CHAPTER 7 : Respiration
CHAPTER 8 : Dynamic Ecosystem
CHAPTER 9 : Endanger Ecosystem

CHAPTER 1 : Introduction to Biology

The word Biology comes from Greek
words, Bios meaning Life and Logos
meaning Knowledge.
Biology is the study of every aspect of life
at a every level of its organisation
Biology is the scientific study of life

Importance of Biology.
Biology has enable us to understand heredity
and the inheritance of genetic abnormalities
that cause dieses.
Many people use biology in their leisure
activities, for example, gardening, fishing and
cooking.
Biology teaching us to empathise with living
things and this generates awareness of
ourselves as biological organisms.

The fields of study in biology can also be classified

according to their scope as follows:
1. Structure and Function
Anatomy,
Biochemistry, Cytology, Histology, morphology, physiology
2. Major groupings of organisms
Bacteriology, Botany, Entomology, ichthyology,
microbiology, Mycology, Ornithology, Taxonomy, Virology
3. Development of organisms
Embryology, Evolutionary Biology, Genetic,
Developmental Biology
4. Organisms and their environment
Ecology, Ethology, Biogeography
5. Applied Biology
Agriculture, Biotechnology, fisheries, Forestry, Medicine,
veterinary medicine, density

Ways of studying Biology

The Scientific Method
The scientific method involves a series of
ordered steps:
a) Make an observation
b) State the problem
c) Form of hypothesis
d) Identify the variables
e) Design and perform an experiment
f) Record and analyse data
g) State the conclusion