James Alfred Atticus Gilbert II

Promoter region DNA sequences which are recognised and bound to by DNAdependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription.
5 to 3 direction this indicates that the carbon number in the DNAs sugar
backbone. The 5 carbon has a phosphate attached to it and the 3 carbon has a
hydroxyl group. This means that a 5 to 3; direction moves from a phosphate
group down to a hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose sugar.
Okazaki fragment a short fragment of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand
(3 to 5) during DNA replication. It creates a path to enable discontinuous
synthesis, which can be connected covalently to form continuous synthesis.
RNA Primase The enzyme synthesises the RNA for DNA sequences that later
become Okazaki fragments and also RNA primers.
DNA polymerase an enzyme that makes complementary copies of DNA through
template directed synthesis.
DNA ligase An enzyme that links nucleotides together by catalysing the
formation of covalent bonds between the deoxyribose and phosphate groups.
Nucleosome A length of DNA coiled around a histone forming a DNA histone
complex. It is a structural unit of a eukaryotic chromosome.
Nucleoside triphosphate a nucleoside bound to three phosphates. They are the
base for nucleic acids and are also used in cell metabolism (natural NTPs include
ATP).
RNA polymerase An enzyme that links together RNA nucleotides during
transcription
Translation the synthesis of proteins on a ribosome; the sequence of amino
acids is determined by the sequence of bases in the mRNA.
Transcription Producing an mRNA molecule with a complementary base
sequence to one strand (anti-sense) of DNA.