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Tim Hieu Cong Nghe 3g PDF
Tim Hieu Cong Nghe 3g PDF
1. M u
S pht trin nhanh chng ca dch v s liu m IP t ra cc yu mi i vi
cng ngh vin thng di ng. Thng tin di ng th h 2 mc d s dng cng ngh s
nhng l h thng bng hp v c xy dng trn c ch chuyn mch knh nn khng
th p ng c dch v mi ny. 3G (third-generation) cng ngh truyn thng th h
th ba l giai on mi nht trong s tin ha ca ngnh vin thng di ng. Nu 1G (the
first gerneration) ca in thoi di ng l nhng thit b analog, ch c kh nng truyn
thoi. 2G (the second generation) ca TD gm c hai cng nng truyn thoi v d
liu gii hn da trn k thut s. Trong bi cnh ITU a ra n tiu chun ha
h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 vi tn gi IMT 2000. IMT 2000 m rng
ng k kh nng cung cp dch v v cho php s dng nhiu phng tin thng tin.
Mc ch ca IMT 2000 l a ra nhiu kh nng mi nhng cng ng thi m bo
s pht trin lin tc ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th hai (2G) vo nhng nm
2000. 3G mang li cho ngi dng cc dch v gi tr gia tng cao cp, gip chng ta
thc hin truyn thng thoi v d liu (nh e-mail v tin nhn dng vn bn), download
m thanh v hnh nh vi bng tn cao. Cc ng dng 3G thng dng gm hi ngh video
di ng; chp v gi nh k thut s nh in thoi my nh; gi v nhn e-mail v file
nh km dung lng ln; ti tp tin video v MP3; thay cho modem kt ni n my
tnh xch tay hay PDA v nhn tin dng ch vi cht lng cao
2. Th no l cng ngh 3G
3G l thut ng dng ch cc h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 (Third
Generation). c rt nhiu ngi nhm ln mt cch v hoc hu gia hai khi
nim 3G v UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems).
hiu th no l cng ngh 3G, chng ta hy xt qua i nt v lch s pht trin ca
cc h thng in thoi di ng. Mc d cc h thng thng tin di ng th nghim u
tin c s dng vo nhng nm 1930-1940 trong trong cc s cnh st Hoa K nhng
cc h thng in thoi di ng thng mi thc s ch ra i vo khong cui nhng
nm 1970 u nhng nm 1980. Cc h thng in thoi th h u s dng cng ngh
tng t v ngi ta gi cc h thng in thoi k trn l cc h thng 1G.
Khi s lng cc thu bao trong mng tng ln, ngi ta thy cn phi c bin
php nng cao dung lng ca mng, cht lng cc cuc m thoi cng nh cung cp
thm mt s dch v b sung cho mng. gii quyt vn ny ngi ta ngh n
vic s ho cc h thng in thoi di ng, v iu ny dn ti s ra i ca cc h
thng in thoi di ng th h 2.
chu u, vo nm 1982 t chc cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng chu u
(CEPT Confrence Europene de Postes et Telcommunications) thng nht thnh
lp mt nhm nghin cu c bit gi l Groupe Spciale Mobile (GSM) c nhim v
xy dng b cc ch tiu k thut cho mng in thoi di ng ton chu u hot ng
di tn 900 MHz. Nhm nghin cu xem xt nhiu gii php khc nhau v cui cng
i n thng nht s dng k thut a truy nhp phn chia theo m bng hp (Narrow
Band TDMA). Nm 1988 phin bn d tho u tin ca GSM c hon thnh v h
thng GSM u tin c trin khai vo khong nm 1991. K t khi ra i, cc h thng
thng tin di ng GSM pht trin vi mt tc ht sc nhanh chng, c mt 140
quc gia v c s thu bao ln ti gn 1 t. Lc ny thut ng GSM c mt ngha mi
l h thng thng tin di ng ton cu (Global System Mobile).
Cng trong thi gian k trn, M cc h thng in thoi tng t th h th nht
AMPS c pht trin thnh cc h thng in thoi di ng s th h 2 tun th tiu
chun ca hip hi vin thng M IS-136. Khi cng ngh CDMA (Code Division
Multiple Access IS-95) ra i, cc nh cung cp dch v in thoi di ng M cung
cp dch v mode song song, cho php thu bao c th truy cp vo c hai mng IS-136
v IS-95.
Do nhn thc r v tm quan trng ca cc h thng thng tin di ng m Chu
u, ngay khi qu trnh tiu chun ho GSM cha kt thc ngi ta tin hnh d n
nghin cu RACE 1043 vi mc ch chnh l xc nh cc dch v v cng ngh cho h
thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 cho nm 2000. H thng 3G ca chu u c gi l
UMTS. Nhng ngi thc hin d n mong mun rng h thng UMTS trong tng lai
s c pht trin t cc h thng GSM hin ti. Ngoi ra ngi ta cn c mt mong
mun rt ln l h thng UMTS s c kh nng kt hp nhiu mng khc nhau nh PMR,
MSS, WLAN thnh mt mng thng nht c kh nng h tr cc dch v s liu tc
cao v quan trng hn y s l mt mng hng dch v.
Song song vi chu u, Lin minh Vin thng Quc t (ITU International
Telecommunications Union) cng thnh lp mt nhm nghin cu nghin cu v
cc h thng thng tin di ng th h 3, nhm nghin cu TG8/1. Nhm nghin cu t
tn cho h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 ca mnh l H thng Thng tin Di ng
Mt t Tng lai (FPLMTS Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System).
Sau ny, nhm nghin cu i tn h thng thng tin di ng ca mnh thnh H thng
Thng tin Di ng Ton cu cho nm 2000 (IMT-2000 International Mobile
Telecommunications for the year 2000). ng nhin l cc nh pht trin UMTS (chu
u) mong mun ITU chp nhn h thng chp nhn ton b nhng xut ca mnh v
s dng h thng UMTS lm c s cho h thng IMT-2000. Tuy nhin vn khng
phi n gin nh vy, c ti 16 xut cho h thng thng tin di ng IMT-2000
(bao gm 10 xut cho cc h thng mt t v 6 xut cho cc h thng v tinh).
3. Cc tiu ch chung xy dng IMT 2000 nh sau:
IMT-2000 cung cp h tng k thut cho cc dch v gia tng v cc ng dng trn
mt chun duy nht cho mng thng tin di ng.
- S dng di tn quy nh quc t 2GHz nh sau: ung ln: 1885 2025 MHz;
ng xung: 2110 -2200 MHz. IMT-2000 h tr tc ng truyn cao hn: tc
ti thiu l 2Mbps cho ngi dng vn phng hoc i b; 348Kbps khi di chuyn trn xe.
Trong khi , h thng vin thng 2G ch c tc t 9,6Kbps ti 28,8Kbps.
- L h thng thng tin di ng ton cu cho cc loi hnh thng tin v tuyn:
+ Tch hp cc mng thng tin hu tuyn v v tuyn
+ Tng tc cho mi loi dch v vin thng t c nh, di ng, thoi, d liu,
Internet n cc dch v a phng tin
- C th h tr cc dch v nh:
+ Cc phng tin ti nh o trn c s mng thng minh, di ng cc nhn v
chuyn mng ton cu
+ m bo chuyn mng quc t cho php ngi dng c th di chuyn n bt k
quc gia no cng c th s dng mt s in thoi duy nht.
+ m bo cc dch v a phng tin ng thi cho ting, s liu chuyn mch
knh v s liu chuyn mch gi.
- D dng h tr cc dch v mi xut hin.
Mi trng hot ng ca IMT 2000 c chia thnh 4 vng vi tc bit R
nh sau:
+ Vng 1: Trong nh, pico, Rb 2 Mbit/s
+ Vng 2: thnh ph, macr, R b 384 kbit/s
+ Vng 2: ngoi , macr, Rb 144 kbit/s
+ Vng 4: ton cu, Rb = 9,6 kbit/s.
IMT-2000 c nhng c im chnh:
3.1 Tnh linh hot:
Vi s lng ln cc v sp nhp v hp nht trong ngnh cng nghip in thoi
di ng v kh nng a dch v ra th trng ngoi nc, nh khai thc khng mun
phi h tr giao din v cng ngh khc. iu ny chc chn s cn tr s pht trin ca
3G trn ton th gii. IMT-2000 h tr vn ny, bng cch cung cp h thng c tnh
linh hot cao, c kh nng h tr hng lot cc dch v v ng dng cao cp. IMT-2000
hp nht 5 k thut (IMT-DS, IMT-MC, TMT-TC, IMT-SC, IMT-FT) v giao tip sng
da trn ba cng ngh truy cp khc nhau (FDMA - a truy cp phn chia theo tn s,
TDMA - a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian v CDMA - a truy cp phn chia theo
m). Dch v gia tng trn ton th gii v pht trin ng dng trn tiu chun duy nht
vi 5 k thut v 3 cng ngh.
Dch v vin
thng
Phn loi
Dch v di ng
Dch v thng tin
nh v
Dch v m thanh
Dch v s liu
Dch v a phng
tin
Dch v
Internet
Dch v Internet n
gin
Dch v Internet thi
gian thc
Dch v internet a
phng tin
Ngoi ra, vic pht trin Wimax xut pht t nhu cu cung cp dch v d liu bng rng
khng dy nn chi ph cung cp dch v thoi qua mng Wimax di ng l kh tn
km trong khi nhu cu ch yu ca ngi tiu dng hin nay vn l thoi (80-90% lu
lng ton mng), s lng ngi s dng laptop v PDA vn cn kh t.
Quan trng hn c l cng ngh Wimax khng c mt bng tn 1900-2200 MHz
c cp php Vit Nam.
6. M HNH KIN TRC CA CC H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G
- CDIS = Call Data Information: Ngun thng tin s liu cuc gi. CDIS l thc th c
th c th l ngun thng tin chi tit v cuc gi. Thng tin ny c th mt khun dng
ring khng nht thit phi l IS-124.
- CDRP = Call Data Rating Point: im tnh cc s liu cuc gi. CDRP l thc th
nhn thng tin chi tit cuc gi khun dng IS-124 khng tnh cc v cung cp thng tin
lin quan n cc ph hoc c th tnh cc. Thng tin cc c b sung bng cch s
dng khun dng IS-124.
- CF = Collection Funtion: Chc nng thu thp. CF l thc th chu trch nhim thu thp
cc thng tin b chn cho c quan thi hnh php lut c u quyn hp php. Thng
th CF bao gm:
+ Kh nng nhn v x l thng tin v ni dung cuc gi cho tng i tng b
chn.
+ Kh nng nhn thng tin lin quan n tng i tng b chn (chng hn cuc
gi lin kt hoc khng lin kt)t chc nng mng v x l n.
- CSC = Customer Service Center: Trung tm phc v khch hng. CSC l thc th m
ti cc i din ca nh cung cp dch v nhn cc cuc gi in thoi t cc khch
hng mun ng k cho vic bt u dch v v tuyn hoc yu cu thay i dch v hin
c ca khch hng. CSC s dng giao din ring vi OTAF thc hin cc thay i lin
quan n mng v MScn thit cho vic thc hin yu cu cung cp dch v.
- DCE = Data Circuit Equipment: Thit b mch s liu. DCE l mt kt cui m bo
giao din gia mng vi ngi s dng khng phi l ISDN.
- DF = Delivery Function: Chc nng chuyn. DF l mt thc th chu trch nhim
chuyn cc cuc gi b chn n mt hay nhiu CF.
- EIR = Equipment Identity Register: B ghi nhn dng thit b. EIR l thc th m bo
ghi li s nhn dng thit b ca ngi s dng.
- HLR = Home Location Register: B ghi nh v thung tr. HLR l b ghi nh v
ghi li s nhn dng ca ngi s dng (chng hn s seri in t (ESN), s danh b di
ng (MDN), thng tin l lch, v tr hin thi v chu k u quyn)
- ISDN = Intergrated Service Digital Network: Mng s liu lin kt a dch v
- IP = Intelligent Peripheral: Ngoi vi thng minh. IP (ngoi vi thng minh) l thc th
thc hin chc nng ti nguyn c bit nh: thng bo bng li (t bng), thu thp cc
ch s , thc hin vic chuyn i ting thnh vn bn hoc vn bn thnh ting , ghi v
lu cc bn tin ting, cc dch v fax , cc dch v s liu
- IAP = Intercept Access Point: Ngoi vi thng minh. IAP m bo vic truy nhp n
cc cuc thng tin n hoc t thit b, cc phng tin hay cc dch v ca mt i
tng b chn.
- IWF = Internetworking Function: Chc nng kt ni mng. IWF l mt thc th m
bo vic bin i thng tin cho mt hay nhiu WNE. Mt IWFcos th c mt giao din
Hnh v cho thy kin trc c s ca mng W-CDMA pht hnh 4. S khc nhau
c bn gia pht hnh 1999 v pht hnh 4 l ch khi ny mng li l mng phn b.
Thay cho vic c cc MSC chuyn mch knh truyn thng nh kin trc trc, kin
trc chuyn mch phn b c a vo.
V cn bn, MSC c chia thnh MSC Server v cng cc phng tin (MGW:
Media Getway). MSC cha tt c cc phn mm iu khin cuc gi, qun l di ng c
mt MSC tiu chun. Tuy nhin n khng cha ma trn chuyn mch. Ma trn chuyn
mch nm trong MGW c MSC Serve iu khin v c th t xa MSC Serve.
Bo hiu iu khin cc cuc gi chuyn mch knh c thc hin gia RNC v
MSC Serve. ng truyn cho cc cuc gi chuyn mch knh c thc hin gi RNC
v MGW. Thng thng MGW nhn cc cuc gi t RNC v nh tuyn cc cuc gi
ny n ni nhn trn cc ng trc gi. Trong nhiu trng hp ng trc gi. Trong
nhiu trng hp ng trc gi s dng giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc (RTP: Real
Time Transport Protocol)tren giao thc IP (Internet Protocol). Theo hnh v ta thy lu
lng s liu gi t RNC i qua SGSN v t SGSN n GGSN trn mng wongf trc
IP. Nu gi thit rng c s liu v ting u c th s dng phng thc truyn qua IP
bn trong mng li , th c th cu trc mt ng trc h tr c hai dch v ny. Tuy
nhin iu ny i hi u t v chi ph cho khai thc rt ln so vi trng hp s dng
cc mng ng trc tch bit cho chuyn mch knh v gi.
ni m cuc gi cn chuyn n mt mng khc, PSTN chng hn, s c mt
cng cc phng tin khc (MGW) c iu khin bi MSC Serve cng (GMSC serve).
MGW ny s chuyn thoi wocj ng gi thnh PCM tiu chun a n PSTN. Nh
vy chuyn i m ch cn thc hin ti im ny. V d: Gi thit nu ting giao din
v tuyn c truyn ti tc 12,2 kbit/s th tc ny phi wocj chuyn vo 64 kbit/s
MGW gioa tip vi PSTN. Truyn ti kiu ng gi ny cho php tit kim ng k
rng bng tn nht l khi cc MGW cch xa nhau.
Giao thc iu khin gia MSC Serve hoc GMSC Serve vi MGW l giao thc
ITU H.248. Giao thc ny c ITU v IETF cng tc pht trin. N c tn l iu khin
cng cc phng tin(MEGACO: Media Getway Control). Giao thc iu khin cuc gi
gi MSC Serve v GMSC Serve c th l mt giao thc iu khin cuc gi bt k.
3GPP ngh s dng giao thciu khin cuc gi c lp vt mang (BICC:Beare
Indepentdent Call Cotrol) c xy dng trn c s khuyn ngh Q.1902 ca ITU.
Trong nhiu trng hp MSC Serve h tr c cc chc nng ca GMSC Serve,
Ngoi ra MGW c kh nng giao din vi tt c RAN v PSTN. Khi ny cuc gi n
hoc t PSTN c th chuyn ni ht, nh vy c th tit kim ng k u t. V d ta xt
trng hp khi mt RNC c t ti thnh ph A v oc iu khin bi mt MSC t
ti thnh ph B. Gi s thu bao thnh ph A thc hin cuc gi ni ht. Nu khng c
cu trc phn b, cuc gi cn chuyn ti thnh ph A n thnh ph B (ni c MSC)
u ni thu bao PSTN ti chnh thnh ph A. Vi cu trc phn b, cuc gi c th
c iu ti MSC Serve thnh ph B nhng ng truyn cc phng tin thc t c
th vn thnh ph A, nh vy gim ng k yu cu truyn dn v gi thnh khai thc
mng.
T hnh v ta thy HLR cng c th c gi l Serve thu bao ti nh (HSS:
Home Subscriber Serve)HSS v HLR c chc nng tng ng, ngoi tr giao din vi
HSS l giao din trn c s truyn ti gi (IP chng hn)trong khi HLRs dng giao din
trn c s bo hiu s 7. Ngoi ra cn c c giao din gi SGSN vi HSS/HLR v gia
GGSN vi HSS/HLR.
Rt nhiu giao thc c s dng bn trong mng li l c giao thc trn c s gi
s dng hoc IP hoc ATM. Tuy nhin mng phi giao tip vi cc mng giao tip
truyn thng qua vic s dng cc cng cc phng tin . Ngoi ra mng cng phi giao
din vi cc mng SS7 tiu chun. Giao din ny c thc hin thng qua cng SS7
(SS7 GW). y l cng m mt pha n h tr truyn ti bn tin SS7 trn ng truyn
ti SS7 tiu chun , phi kia n truyn ti cc bn tin ng dng SS7 trn mng gi (IP
chng hn). Cc thc ht nh MSC Serve, GMSC Serve v HSS lin lc vi cng SS7
bng cch s dng cc giao thc truyn ti c thit k c bit mng cc bn tin
SS7 mngIP. B giao thc ny c gi l Sigtran.
Bc pht trin tip theo ca UMTS l kin trc mng a phng tin IP (hnh
v)Bc pht trin ny th hin s thay i ton b m hnh cuc gi. y c ting v
s liu c x l ging nhau trn ton b ng truyn t u cui ca ngi s dng
n ni nhn cui cng. C th coi kin trc ny l s hi t ton din ca ting v s
liu.