-Router is used for forwarding packet from source to dest.

address by looking ne
twork entries in routing table
-Router is responsile for routing traffice between networks
-routers are computer
-routers interconnect networks
-routers chose beth paths
.routers use static routes and dynamic routing protocols
.to learn about remote networks and build their routing tables.
routing table
route
.static route
.dynamic route
Packet Forwarding Methods:
.Process switching
rol plane to match dst.add

- arriving packets will be forwarded to the cont

in the routing table before forwarding to dst.

add, and it does this proces

.Fast switching
to the same dst.add

for every packets

- fast-switching cache: if another packet going

cache next-hop information will be re-used wit

h CPU intervention
.Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) - Cisco IOS packet-forwarding mechanism,
CES build a Forwarding Information Base (FIB)
and Adjacency Table
change-triggered: when something changess in n
etwork topology or network converged
======================================================================
Rotuer pimary function is to forward packets toward their destinations
.Router performs the following three steps:
step 1: De-encapsulates the Layer 2 frame header
step 2: Examines the best path dst.address
step 3: If router found the best path dst. address, it will forward packet out
exit interface
=======================================================================
Path Determination
.Best Path
- is selected by a routing protocol based on the value or metric it uses
- path with lowest metric is the best path
note: metric is distance
.Load Balancing
.Administrative Distance (AD)
======================================================================
ROUTER OPERATION
.Routing Table
- Directly connected routes

- Remote routes