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Nenjer - Andres Deber4 Laurent Fourier
Nenjer - Andres Deber4 Laurent Fourier
Problema 0.01.
siguientes funciones
1
(z 1)2 (z 3)
1
A
A
A
=
+
+
(z 1)2 (z 3)
(z 1)2
(z 1) (z 3)
Ecuaciones
B+C =0
A 4B 2C = 0
3A + 3B + C = 1
Solucin
1
2
1
B=
4
A=
C=
1
4
1
1
1
1
+
=
2
2
(z 1) (z 3)
2(z 1)
4(z 1) 4(z 3)
Determinacin de la serie
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
) ( )(
= ( )(
) ( )(
)
(z 1)2 (z 3)
2 (1 + z)2
4 (1 z)
4 4(3 z)
1 X
1/3
1
1 X n
1
n
=
(
)
)
)
(1
+
n)(z)
(
(z) + ( )(
(z 1)2 (z 3)
2 n=0
4 n=0
4 (1 z/3)
1 X n
1 1
1
1 X
1
n
(1
+
n)(z)
(
(z) + ( )( )(
=
(
)
)
)
(z 1)2 (z 3)
2 n=0
4 n=0
4 3 (1 z/3)
1
1 X
1 X n
1 X z n
n
=
(
)
(1
+
n)(z)
(
)
(z)
+
(
)
( )
(z 1)2 (z 3)
2 n=0
4 n=0
12 n=0 3
h
X
1
n ( 1 )(1 + n) 1
=
(z)
2
4
(z 1)2 (z 3) n=0
1
+ 12(3)
n
P OLOS
Polo de orden 2
z=1
polo de orden 1
z=3
RESIDU OS
1
d
(z z0 )k
Res(f, Z0 ) =
lim
(k 1)! zz0 dz
f (z)
d h
1
(z 1)2
lim
(1)! z1 dz
1
(z1)2 (z3)
Res(f, 1) = 1
h
1
lim (z 3)
(3)! z3
Res(f, 3) =
1
24
1
(z1)2 (z3)
3z 3 z 2 + 5z + 1
dz
(z 2 1)2
polo de orden 2
z=1
singularidad
z = 1
RESIDU OS
d
1
(z z0 )k
lim
Res(f, Z0 ) =
(k 1)! zz0 dz
f (z)
d h 2
1
(z 1)2
lim
(1)! z1 dz
3z 3 z 2 +5z+1
(z 2 1)2
Res(f, 1) = 12
3z 3 z 2 + 5z + 1
dz = 2i Res(f, 1)
2
2
(z 1)
3z 3 z 2 + 5z + 1
dz = 24i
(z 2 1)2
C
10)
Cos(z)
y (z1)2
Polos z 1 = 0 z = 1; polo de
h orden 2
Residuo =
1
d
(21)l .Limz1 dz
cos(z)
(z 1) . (z1)
2
11)
2z+1
y z+z 2
Polos z(z + 1) = 0 z h= 0; z = i1
2z+1
Residuo = .Limz0 z. z(z+1)
Residuo = Limz0 2z + 1
Residuo = 1
h
i
2z+1
Residuo = .Limz1 (z + 1) . z(z+1)
Cos(z)
y (z1)2
= 4i.
f (z) =
f (z) =
1
z
1
1+z
desarrollo de laurent
|
z2
= 12 ( 11 z ) =
1
1+z
1
3
1
3+(z2)
P
n=0
P
1
2 (
n=0
( z2 )n ) = 1(
P
n=0
1
n
2n+1 (z )
= 13 ( 1+( 1z3 ) )
3
n
(1)n ( z2
3 ) =
n=0
(1)n
3n+1 (z
2)
DESARROLLO DELAURENT
P
n=0
1
n
2n+1 (z )+
P
n=0
(1)n
3n+1 (z
2)
RESIDUOS
2z+1
Res(f(z),0)=lim(z 0) z(1+z)
=1
z0
2z+1
Res(f (z), 1) = lim(z + 1)( z(z+1)
)=1
7.
f (z) =
Polos:
4z 3 z 2 1
dentro del crculo de radio 2 y centro en cero.
z(z 2 1)
i)
z=0
ii)
Residuo:
z2 1 = 0
z2 = 1
z = 1 y z = 1
i)
z=0
4z 3 z 2 1
z0
z(z 2 1)
3
4z z 2 1
Res(f (z), 0) = lm z.
z0
z(z 2 1)
3
4z z 2 1
Res(f (z), 0) = lm
z0
(z 2 1)
4(0)3 (0)2 1
Res(f (z), 0) =
((0)2 1)
1
Res(f (z), 0) =
1
Res(f (z), 0) = 1
ii)
z = 1
4z 3 z 2 1
z1
z(z 2 1)
4z 3 z 2 1
Res(f (z), 1) = lm (z + 1).
z1
z(z 1)(z + 1)
4z 3 z 2 1
Res(f (z), 1) = lm
z1
z(z 1)
4(1)3 (1)2 1
Res(f (z), 1) =
(1)((1) 1)
4 1 1
Res(f (z), 1) =
2
6
Res(f (z), 1) =
2
Res(f (z), 1) = 3
iii)
z=1
4z 3 z 2 1
z1
z(z 2 1)
4z 3 z 2 1
Res(f (z), 1) = lm (z 1).
z1
z(z 1)(z + 1)
4z 3 z 2 1
Res(f (z), 1) = lm
z1
z(z + 1)
4(1)3 (1)2 1
Res(f (z), 1) =
(1)((1) + 1)
411
Res(f (z), 1) =
2
Res(f (z), 1) =
2
Res(f (z), 1) = 1
14)
ez
dz
(z 2 + 1)5
f (z)dz = 2i Res(f, zo )
Res(f, i) = lm (
xi
1 d4 (z i)4 ez
)
4! dz 4 (z 2 + 1)
Res(f, i) =
Res(f, i) = lm (
xi
12
1 d4 (z i)4 ez
)
4! dz 4 (z 2 + 1)
Res(f, i) =
f (z)dz = 2i (
12
+ )
12
12
f (z)dz = 0
8.f (z) =
, z = 1
4z 3 +z 2 1
z(z1)2
Polos:
z=0
: polo de orden 1
z=1
: polo de orden 2
z=-1
: polo de orden 2
6
Residuos:
Res(f, 0) =
1
Res(f, 1) = limz1
1!
1
4z 3 + z 2 1
limz0 [z.
]=1
0!
z(z 2 1)
3
2
d
1
2 4z + z 1
[(z 1) .
] = limz1 ( 2 +8z +1) = 10
dz
z(z 2 1)
z
1
Res(f, 1) = limz1
1!
d
4z 3 + z 2 1
[(z + 1)2 .
]
dz
z(z 2 1)
= limz1 (
8z 5 7z 4 10z 3 + 2z 1
) = 2
z 2 (z 1)2
4z 3 + z 2 1
dz =
z(z 1)2
4z 3 + z 2 1
dz
z(z 1)(z + 1)
dm1
1
lim { m1 (z z0 )m f (z)}
m! zz0 dz
lim {z.(
z0
4z 3 + z 2 1
4z 3 + z 2 1
)}
=
lim
{(
)}
z0
z(z 1)2
(z 1)2
Res[f (z), z1 ] = 1
z1
4z 3 + z 2 1
4z 3 + z 2 1
)} = lim {(
)}
z0
z(z 1)(z + 1)
z(z + 1)
Res[f (z), z2 ] = 3
z1
4z 3 + z 2 1
4z 3 + z 2 1
)} = lim {(
)}
z0
z(z 1)(z + 1)
z(z 1)
Res[f (z), z3 ] = 2
4z 3 + z 2 1
dz = 2i(1 + 3 2)
z(z 1)2
X 2 dx
dz
1+x6
4z 3 + z 2 1
dz = 4i
z(z 1)2
z2
1+z 6 dz
1 + z 6=0
z 6 = 1
ei(+2n/6)
z1 = e
i
6
z2 = e
i
2
= 2i
z3 = e
5i
6
RESIDUOS
i
6
ze
Res(f (z), e
5i
6
5i
6
ze
i
6
ze
5i
6
) = limi ze 6z5 (z ) =, 6e
2
=0
5i
6i
6 )
6 (e
5
cos( 5
6 ) + isen( 6 )
X 2 dx
dz
1+x6
= i(
3
2
+ 2i )
1
p
f (x)dx
p
1 p
f (x)dx
p p
1
a0 =
x sin xdx
a0 =
a0 =
1
[x cos(x)] +
a0 =
cos xdx
1
[x cos(x) + sin x]
1
[ + ]
a0 =
a0 = 2
1
an =
p
an =
an =
an =
cos(
nx
)f (x)dx
p
x sin x cos(nx)dx
+
]
2
n1
(n 1)2
n+1
(n + 1)2
+
+
+
2
n+1
n+1
(n + 1)2
(n + 1)2
n1
n1
(n 1)2
(n 1
(1)n
(1)n
n+1
n1
an =
an =
bn =
an =
bn =
1
p
1
2(1)n
n1
sin(
nx
)f (x)dx
p
x sin x cos(nx)dx
]
2 (n 1)2
(n 1)
(n + 1)2
(n + 1)
an = 0
Serie de Fourier
1+
X
2(1)n
( 2
cos(nx)
(n 1)
n=1
29.
f (x) =
1
a0 =
x ,
x ,
"
<x<
<x<
3
2
3
2
( x)dx
1 x2 2
( x)2 3
2
a0 =
|
|
2
2 2
2
1
a0 = [0 0]
a0 = 0
xdx +
"
#
3
2
2
1
bn =
x. cos(nx)dx +
( x). cos(nx)dx
2
2
( x) sin(nx) cos(nx) 3
1 x sin(nx) cos(nx) 2
2
+
|
bn =
|
2
2
n
n2
n
n2
1
n + n
bn = [0 (
)]
2n2
bn = 0
"
#
3
2
2
1
cn =
x. sin(nx)dx +
( x). sin(nx)dx
2
2
n
3n
n
n 3
n cos( n
n cos( 3n
1
2 ). 2 sin( 2 )
2 ) 2 sin( 2 ) + n cos( 2 ) + 2 sin( 2 )
2
cn =
|
|2
2
2
n2
2n2
1 1 + (1)n
cn = [
]
(1 n)2
X
1 + (1)n
Por lo tanto la Serie de Fourier es: f (x) =
(1 n)2
n=1
2 <x< 2
3
2 <x< 2
x
x
1
a0 =
3
2
f (x)dx
1
xdx +
10
3
2
( x)dx
ao = 0 + 0 = 0
an =
an =
3
2
f (x)dx
xCos(nx)dx +
3
2
( x)Cos(nx)dx
bn =
xSin(nx)dx +
bn =
3
2
( x)Sin(nx)dx
2(1)n
2 2(1)
2
=
2
2
n
n
n2
n
X
2 2(1)
f (x) =
n2
n=1
25)
(
x + , = < x < 0
Si f (x) =
x , 0 x
T = 2 P =
a0 =
a0 =
f (x)dx
(x + ) dx +
(x + ) dx
0
x2
(x + ) dx =
+ x
2
0
o
2
2
(x + ) dx = 0 + 0
+
2
(x + ) dx =
11
x2
(x + ) dx =
x
2
0
(x + ) dx =
0
1 2
2
=0
2
2
(x ) cos(nx)dx
(x + ) cos(nx)dx +
a0 =
1
an =
1
(x + ) cos(nx)dx =
0
xsen(nx) cos(nx) sen(nx)
+
+
n
n2
n
(x + ) cos(nx)dx =
1
(x ) cos(nx)dx =
(1)n + 1
n2
xsen(nx) cos(nx) sen(nx)
+
n
n2
n
0
(x ) cos(nx)dx =
0
an =
(1)n 1
n2
(1)n + 1 (1)n 1
+
n2
n2
an = 0
bn =
1
(x + ) sen(nx)dx =
(x ) sen(nx)dx
(x + ) sen(nx)dx +
xcos(nx) sen(nx)
+
cos(nx)
n
n2
(x + ) sen(nx)dx =
1
(x ) sen(nx)dx =
0
1
n
xcos(nx) sen(nx)
+
cos(nx)
n
n2
0
12
(x ) sen(nx)dx =
0
bn =
1 1
+
n
n
bn =
f (x) =
P
n=1
1
n
2
n
2
n sen(nx)
26)
Si f(x) = 1 - |x|, 1 x 1
T=2 P=1
a0 =
f (x)dx
1
1 (x)dx +
a0 =
1 (x)dx
0
1
x2
x2
a0 = x +
+ x
2
2
1
1 1
+ =1
2 2
1
(1 + x) cos(nx)dx +
(1 x) cos(nx)dx
a0 =
an =
1
cos(nx) + xcos(nx)dx =
1
1
n2 2
(1)n
n2 2
n
n
n2 2
(1 x) cos(nx)dx =
0
an =
1
n2 2
1
n2 2
(1)n
n2 2
(1)n + 1
(1)n
2 2
2
2
2
2
n n
n
13
0
1
0
2(1 + (1)n )
n2 2
1
(1 + x) sen(nx)dx +
(1 x)sen(nx)dx
an =
bn =
1
0
cos(nx)
cos(nx) sen(nx)
(1 + x) sen(nx)dx =
x
+
n
n
n2 2
1
o
(1 + x) sen(nx)dx =
1
1
n
1
cos(nx)
cos(nx) sen(nx)
(1 x)sen(nx)dx =
+x
n
n
n2 2
(1 x)sen(nx)dx = +
0
bn =
1
2
f (x) =
P
n=1
1
n
1
1
+
=0
n n
2(1+(1)n )
cos(xn)
n2 2
0
f (x) = {
e
1
2
x
x<0
x=0
x>0
1
Aw =
f () cos(w)d
1
Bw =
Aw =
....
f () sin(w)d
ex cos(wx)dx
u = ex dv = cos(wx)dx
14
...
du = ex dx dv =
...
...
ex cos(wx)dx =
1
w
ex
w
sin(wx)dx
1
w
sin(wx)dx +
ex sin(wx)dx
u = ex dv = sin(wx)dx
...
du = ex dx dv =
...
ex cos(wx)dx =
... 2
1
w
ex
w
cos(wx)dx
1 x
w2 e
sin(wx)dx
cos(wx)
x
x
e cos(wx)dx = [ ew sin(wx)dx
( ww+1
2 )
...
Aw =
1 wex
[ w2 +1
sin(wx)dx
1
x
w2 +1 e
Aw =
Bw =
...
1 x
w2 e
1
w2
ex cos(wx)dx
cos(wx)]
0
cos(wx)]
0
1
w2 + 1
ex sin(wx)dx
u = ex dv = sin(wx)dx
...
du = ex dx dv = w1 cos(wx)dx
...
...
ex sin(wx)dx =
ex
w
cos(wx)dx
1
w
ex cos(wx)dx
u = ex dv = cos(wx)dx
...
du = ex dx dv =
...
ex sin(wx)dx =
... 2
1
w
ex
w
sin(wx)dx
1 x
w2 e
cos(wx)dx
sin(wx)
x
x
( ww+1
e sin(wx)dx = [ ew cos(wx)dx
2 )
...
Bw =
1 wex
[ w2 +1
cos(wx)dx
1
x
w2 +1 e
Bw =
1
f (x) =
si x=0 f (0)
1 x
w2 e
1
w2
w
1 + w2
cos(wx) + w sin(wx
[
)]dw
w2 + 1
1
1+w2 dw
15
ex sin(wx)dx
sin(wx)]
0
sin(wx)]
0
g() =
2
(i + 2)(2 + 1)
g() =
2
i
3i 2
Ejercicio 32.
2
(iw+2)(w2 +1)
A
B
C
2
(iw+2)(w2 +1) = iw+2 + w+i + wi
2
1
2i
i
(iw+2)(w2 +1) = 3(w+i) + 3(w2i) wi
i
1
2i
i
= i [ 3(w+i) + 3(w2i) wi ]
1
1
1
= 3i iw1
23 iw+2
+ iw+1
f (t) = 3i u(t)et 23 u(t)e2t + u(t)et
g(w) =
16