Behavior Based Safety

(rev. 8/04)

Joint Safety and Operations

Think Tank

1
FATAL
30 MAJORS
(Disabling
Accidents)
300
RECORDABLE ACCIDENTS
(Off Work, limited work and no
lost time)
3,000
NEAR MISSES OR FIRST AID

30,000 HAZARDS
Unsafe acts-Unsafe conditions

What is Behavior-Based Safety?

Focuses on at-risk behaviors that can lead to
injury
Focuses on safe behaviors that can
contribute to injury prevention
BBS is an injury
prevention process

1b

The Safety Triad

4a

Behavior Based
Safety
Process Improvement
Action Plan
Employee ownership
Data collection
Observation Training
Pre-Task/JSA Training
Behavior Awareness Training
Observations/Feedback
JSA
SafeStart

The BBS Process

Advanced Safety Awareness Training
SafeStart

Job Task Analysis /Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

Job task sequence/hazards for each step/how to
eliminate each hazard.

Behavioral Observations
Observe job task looking at safe and at-risk actions
Entered into data base/reports reviewed and action
plans developed.

There are 3 types of at-risk behavior:

conscious behavior
habitual behavior
unintentional behavior

BBS is about unintentional behavior and habitual

behavior.

To be more specific, it's about how to prevent mistakes or

errors you never wanted to make in the first place.

THE CONCEPTS OF BBS CAN BE APPLIED

ANYWHERE!!!

While Driving

At Home

At Work

Reality is the majority of the time

our own Bad Habits and/or our

Lack Of Thinking Things

Through

Cause us to get hurt!!!

E

BBS
Rushing
Frustration
Fatigue

Complacency
Unit 1

CAN CAUSE OR
CONTRIBUTE TO THESE

4
CRITICAL ERRORS
Eyes not on Task

Mind not on Task

Line - of - Fire
Balance/Traction/Grip
Unit 1

INCREASING THE
RISK OF INJURY!!
Eyes not on Task

Rushing
Frustration
Fatigue

Mind not on Task

Complacency

Line - of - Fire
Balance/Traction/G
rip

BBS
Has rushing ever been a factor in an injury
or close call?
Have you ever or almost fallen asleep while
driving your motor vehicle?
Have you almost or been hit by another car
because the driver didnt see you?
How many of you have almost hit another
car because you didnt see it?
Unit 1

BBS

Practice:
Recognizing the
patterns (states to
errors) you
experience..

Unit 1

Critical Error Reduction by

Triggering on States.
Be aware of the state you may be in so
corrective actions can be made.
Slow down if possible.
Plan the job task to increase efficiency and
hazard awareness.
Think about what you are doing,
concentrate on the task at hand.

Scenario
Relate an incident in the state to error
context and share with group.
(divide into groups)

INCREASING THE
RISK OF INJURY!!
Eyes not on Task

Rushing
Frustration
Fatigue

Mind not on Task

Complacency
Unit 1

Line - of - Fire
Balance/Traction/G
rip

Job Safety Analysis

Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is based
on the following ideas:
That a specific job or work
assignment can be separated into a
series of relatively simple steps.
That hazards associated with each
step can be identified.
That solutions can be developed to
control each hazard.

Job safety analysis four basic steps:

Select the job to be analyzed.
Separate the job into its basic
steps.
Identify the hazards associated
with each step.
Control each hazard.

Pre-Task / JSA
When are performing JSAs required?
Cards may be used for JSA or Observation
or both.
PRACTICE EXERCISE

Behavior
Observable Action
Safe Behavior
At-risk Behavior

Measurable
Causes most accidents
Consequences motivate change

Observation and Feedback

Observation and feedback goals:
Create a situation where employees will
consciously practice safe behaviors.
Reinforce safe behaviors.
Correct worker when at-risk behaviors are
observed.
Through feedback look for the cause of at-risk
behaviors; consciousness, facility/equipment,
disagreement, personal choice, etc.

Observation and Feedback Cont.

Follow standard procedures for all
observations.
Observations should be brief but thorough.
Focus on actions, showing respect and
genuine concern for worker being observed.
Keep information confidential, not a
disciplinary tool.

Observation Procedures
Familiarize yourself with the work area
and project observing.
Ask permission to observe.
Observe task, looking at safe work
practices listed on the observation cards.
Immediately correct any imminent
danger situations.
Stop the job and discuss the concerns.

Observation Procedures Cont.

At the completion of the observation give
feedback.
Positively reinforce safe practices.
Give corrective feedback.

Record barriers found that may produce atrisk behaviors.

For self observations; Plan ahead and record
observations immediately after task.

Feedback
After observation stop the job for a short
discussion.
Give positive feedback for safe work practices.
Give corrective feedback:
Why at-risk practice was used?
Ask if another method, using safe practices, could be
used.
Offer ideas.
Review comments recorded on observation cards with
employee.

Feedback Cont.
Thank employee for allowing the
observation.
Assure the observed employee that the
process is confidential and is not used for
disciplinary actions.

Feedback / Resistance
Remember participation is voluntary.
Listen to disagreements.
Respect their position and find points you
can agree on.
You may not have all the answers! Dont
act like you do.

Observation Form

BBS observation types

BBS observation form instructions
Barrier codes
Comments
How many observations are expected?

Practice exercise: Mock or walk into shop for

actual sample observation. Complete
including feedback.

Data Analysis / Reports

Cards are collected (or JSA/BSO sheets are
faxed) and sent to the Region office.
A BBS file will be available on the H
drive for observation data entry.
Reports will be generated at-risk behavior
analysis and to initiate action planning.

Summary
Behavior-based safety
Reflects a proactive approach to safety and
health management
Reflects a proactive approach to injury
prevention

9a

Summary
Behavior-based safety
Focuses on at-risk behaviors that can lead to
injury
Focuses on safe behaviors that can
contribute to injury prevention
Is an injury prevention process

9b