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DataBase (DB)
A place where the collection of records will be maintained in a structured
format so that It can be easily retrieved when ever required is known as a
database.
One of the most popularly used database
model is the relational model. It was
developed by Edgar Codd in 1969.
Example :
How do you think the Organizations store
their employee and customer information?
they store it in a database.
where do you think the website maintains
the login information about their users?
they store it in a database.

ERP

OLTP

ERP, which is an abbreviation for

Enterprise Resource Planning, is
principally an integration of business
management practices and modern
technology.
ERP is a business tool that
management uses to operate the
business day-in and day-out.

OLTP, which is an abbreviation for Online

Transaction processing, handle real time
transactions which inherently have some special
requirements. If your running a Bank, for instance,
you need to ensure that as people withdrawing
money from ATMS they are properly and
efficiently updating the database also those
transactions are properly effecting to their
Accounts.

Data, Data everywhere yet ...

I cant find the data I need
data is scattered over the
network

I cant get the data I need

need an expert to get the data

I cant understand the data I

found
available
data
poorly
documented
I cant
use
the
data
I
found
results are unexpected
data needs to be transformed
from one form to other
6

What are the users saying...

Data should be integrated
across the enterprise
Summary data has a real value
to the organization
Historical data holds the key to
understanding data over time
What-if capabilities are
required

In What way I can Answer the above question

with my OLTP system...
Is Data Warehousing is the Solution ?? YES

Can I Improve my
business using Data
warehousing ??
YES.. How ??

Data warehouse helps any Business in Many

Ways
Lets say A producer wants to know.

What
Whatisisthe
themost
most
effective
effectivedistribution
distribution
channel?
channel?

Which
Whichare
areour
our
lowest/highest
lowest/highestmargin
margin
customers
customers??
Who
Whoare
aremy
mycustomers
customers
and
andwhat
whatproducts
products
are
arethey
theybuying?
buying?

What
Whatproduct
productpromprom-otions
-otionshave
havethe
thebiggest
biggest
impact
impacton
onrevenue?
revenue?

Which
Whichcustomers
customers
are
aremost
mostlikely
likelyto
togo
go
to
tothe
thecompetition
competition??
What
Whatimpact
impactwill
will
new
newproducts/services
products/services
have
haveon
onrevenue
revenue
and
andmargins?
margins?

DWH (Data Warehousing)

It usually contains historical data derived from transaction data, but it
can include data from other sources. It separates analysis workload
from transaction workload and enables an organization to consolidate
data from several sources.

Raugh kimball

In simplest terms Data Warehouse

can be defined as collection of Data marts.
-Data marts : Subjective collection of
Data.

Bill Inmon
A data warehouse is a subjectoriented, integrated, time variant and
nonvolatile collection of data in support of
managements decision-making process.

OLAP (Online Analytical

Processing)
The ability to analyze metrics in different dimensions such as time,
geography, gender, product, etc. For example, sales for the company is
up. What region is most responsible for this increase? Which store in this
region is most responsible for the increase? What particular product
category or categories contributed the most to the increase? Answering
these
of provides
questionsbetter
in order
means that you are performing an OLAP
OLAP types
servers
performance
analysis.
for accessing multidimensional data. The
most important mechanism in OLAP which
allows it to achieve such performance is the
use of aggregations.
Aggregations are built from the fact table
by changing the granularity on specific
dimensions and aggregating up data along
these dimensions.
OLAP systems gives analytical capabilities
that are not in SQL or are more difficult to
obtain.

1. OLTP (on-line transaction processing)

1. OLAP (on-line analytical processing)

2. Day-to-day operations: purchasing,

inventory, banking, manufacturing, payroll,
registration, accounting, etc.

2. Data analysis and decision making

3. The tables are in the Normalized form.

3. The tables are in the De-Normalized

form.

4. We Called the Storage objects as

Tables. i.e., All the masters and the
Transactions are stored in the tables.

4. We Called the Storage objects as

Dimension and Facts. i.e., All the masters
Are dimension and the Transactions are
Facts.

5. For Designing OLTP we used data

modeling.

5. For Designing OLAP we used

Dimension modeling.
OLAP is classified into two i.e.,
MOLAP & ROLAP

De-Normalized Tables

Normalized Tables
Product

Product_Di
m

Prod_Id

Prod_Id

Prod_Na
me

Prod_Name

Base_Rat
e
Cat_Id
Group
Group_Id
Group_Name
Group_Desc

Categor
y

Base_Rate
Cat_Name

Cat_Id

Cat_Desc

Cat_Nam
e

Group_Name
Group_Desc

Cat_Desc
Group_Id

Topics Later We will Cover

1. Types of Dimensions
2. Slowly changing Dimensions
3. Hierarchies

SalesOrderDetails
Cust_Id
SalesPerson
Prod_Id
Order_Date
Booked_Date
Delivery_Date
Unit_Price
Qty
Tax
Created_By

SalesOrder_Fact
Cust_Id
Prod_Id
Order_Date

Reference
keys of
Dimensions

Delivery_Date
Unit_Price
Qty
Total_Amount
Tax

Numeric
fields
called as
Fact or
measure

Qty*Unit_Price+Tax=Total Amount
Usually calculate all the calculations
before storing into OLAP

Prod_Di
m
Prod_Id

Org_Dim
Org_Id
SalesOrder_
Fact

Cust_Id
Prod_Id
Order_Date
Delivery_Dat
e
Org_Id

Time_Di
m

Unit_Price

Date

Cust_Id

Qty

Year

Total_Amount

Month

Cust_Di
m

Tax
STAR Schema

Product_
Dim

SalesOrder_Fact

Prod_Id

Prod_Id

Prod_Nam
e

Order_Date

Base_Rate
Cat_Name
Cat_Desc
Group_Na
me
Group_Des
c

Cust_Id

Delivery_Date
Unit_Price
Qty
Total_Amount
Tax

1. Dimensions will have only

relation with the Fact.
(Normalized model)
2. One to many or One to
One relation will Occur.
3. Performance is fast but
required huge storage space.

1. Dimension will have a

relation other than Fact. (DeNormalized model)
2. Used for many to many
relation.
3. Performance is Low but
required Less storage space.

A single, complete
and consistent store of
data obtained from a
variety of different
sources made available to
end users in a what they
can understand and use
in a business context.
[Barry Devlin]
18

Data Warehousing -It is a process

Technique for assembling and
managing data from various
sources for the purpose of
answering business
questions. Thus making
decisions that were not
previous possible
A decision support database
maintained separately from
the organizations operational
database
19

Also Data Mining works

with Warehouse Data
Data Warehousing provides
the Enterprise with a
memory

Data Mining provides the

Enterprise with
intelligence
20

Oracle 10g

Base Product

$ 25K

$ 40K

IBM DB2

$ 25K

Tuning
$3K
Diagnostic
s $3K
Partitionin
g $10K

Performanc
e
Expert
$10K

$ 56K
40K

$ 35K
25K

(included)

Manageability
Base Product

$ 25K

OLAP
$20k
Mining
$20k
BI Bundle
$20k

Business
Intelligence

DB2 OLAP
$35K
DB2
Warehouse
$75K
Cube Views
$9.5K

(included)

Manageability
Base Product

$ 25K

$$116K
56K $ $154.5K
35K

Data
Guard
$116K

Recovery
Expert
$10k

High Availability
Business
Intelligence

(included)

Manageability
Base Product

$ 25K

$ 116K
232K $ 164.5K
154.5K

$116K $232K

$164.5K

Multi-core
High Availability
Business
Intelligence

(included)

Manageability
Base Product

$ 25K

$$348k
232K
$$164.5K
329K
$464k

Data
Analysis

Reporting, OLAP,
Data Mining

Data
Storage

Repository
Data-Migration

Operational
Data Sources

Middleware (Populations-Tools)

What
happened?

Why did
it happen?

What happened
why and how?

What will
happen?
Additional Benefit

Number of Users

OLTP
O
L
P
ROLAP

Stage
DB
Optional

A
MOLAP
CUBE

SSI
S

SSA
S Data
Marts

IS
S
S

Integration Services

SSRS
Analysis
Services

Reporting
Services

OLTP Online Transaction Processing

OLAP Online Analytical Processing
MOLAP Multidimensional OLAP
ROLAP Relational OLAP
HOLAP Hybrid OALP
Dimensions De-normalized master tables
Attributes Columns of Dimensions
Hierarchies sequential order of attributes
Facts (Measure group) Transactions tables in DWH
Fact (Measures)
Cubes Multidimensional storage of Data
KPIs Key performance indicator
Dashboards combination of reports,kpis,charts
Data Marts Subjective Collection of Data
SCDs Slowly changing Dimensions
Perspectives Child Cube