HISTORY OF. ARCHITECTURE»History of Architecture: Indian Indus Valley, Vedic, Buddhist, Indo-Aryan, Dravidian and Mughal Periods: European, Egyptian Greek, Roman, Medieval and Renaissance Periods. INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION The main characteristics are 1. Mohenjadaro (place of the dead) & Harapea (Southern Punjab) Straight streets at right angles, the main thoroughfares sunning almost due N € SE&W. iz : YY 2 Principal buildings regularly oriented with their sides toward cardinal point: City was divided into wards for protective purposes. : 3. Buildings were composed entirely of burnt bricks. Laid in mud oe in English Bond. 4. Upper stories (two or more stories in height) were Ne acecd largely of wood, roofs t ceing flat and built of straight beams covered with a top dressing of besten earth. : : 5. Openings Sane by wooden lintels and also corbelled brick arch. 6. Bathing establishment (Utilitarian structure). VEDIC The main characteristics are 1. Chaitya or sun window — horseshoe arch. : 2. Maha Govinda — an architect responsible for layout of Noth Indian Cities in, 5* Century BC BUDDHIST Asokan School — Series of edicts inscribed on the rocks, stupas (brick tumuli) monolithic pillars (stone) monolithic accessories to shrines. 1. Remains of a vest palace Rock cut chambers. 2. Plain unornamented shaft. Circular in section 30’-40" high érising straight out of the ground without any suggestion of the base, tapering like the trunk of atall palm tree. At the top of the shaft, which is 2’ in dia. is 2 capital and its abacus acting as a suppor for large sculptured Buddhist symbol, whole combination having a ht. of 50”. ROCK ARCHITECTURE — Hinayana Phase — No bodily form of Buddha (Spiritual Pressure) te Chaitys hall — prayer hall — large vaulted hall having an apsidal end, broad nave and 9 aisles. . Viharas ~ Square central hall entered by 4 doorway in front of, which is a vestibule, verandah & sq., cells all around. Write short notes on rock cut style of Architecture Style of rock cut architecture. Wooden construction initiated ] Work proceeding from top to bottom and hence no scaffolding ‘ One man acted as — quarryman as well as sculptor Picks and chisels of iron used It copies the wooden construction White short notes on Graece-Bactrian (Graeco Buddhist) Gandhara Art school monasteries (Mahayana form of Buddhism) ie w Numerous motifs of purely Hellenic origin — Cori entablature, mediations and mouldings ofa debase stupa. Stories of temple and other religious edifices of an entirely Buddhists foundation «long with the clements — fire altar, adored animal capital. ital. See alae m acting as processional path approached by a Stupa elevated on a tall ple flight of steps. Stupa was enlarged and was composed of a series of diminishing drums surmounted by a slender many tiered umb A courtyard with miniature chapels on 3 sides with alte: vault roofs No true arch Stone masonry composed of a schist Ordinary rubble, diaper patterned rubbleeS si 3 White short notes on Gupta Period T. Reasoned application of the first principles _of architectu a 2. Use of desired stone masonry 3. Garbh-griha — Sanctum of the temple in stone. Flat roof and pillared practice with the following specific characteristics a) Shape of pillars and capitals (vase and foliage) 6) Treatments of inter combination. ¢) Continuation of architrave's as a stringcourse round: the entire building. d) Design of the doorway feb ci Write short notes on Chalukyan , Architecture The main characteristics are Finns 3 g 1. Starting phase at Aihole D 2. In front of sanctuary addition of a pillared assembly hall called mandapa 3. E.g. Ladhkhan temple at Ajhole — Cushion capi han expanded oral abacus supporting the bracket asana. o 4. Durga temple(Apsidal with an out side corridor). Temple Architecture: Sandhara type-Interior Pradlakshinapatha; Nirandhara type-Exterior Pradakshinapatha a aiiom Mahayana Rock cut architecture 1. Later Ajanta examples at Ellora arene 2.- Conversion of cells of monks of Viharas into a ‘sort of ‘sanctuary for the reception of Buddha’s images. ® Discuss the Evolution of the temple in the Chalukyan period. 1. Vimana (Sanctuary) with Shikhara a 2. Inside the sanctuary is Garcha Griha (Doorway of E) OG 3. In front a pillared hall, mandapa with porch, alternated mandapaehamlatia

y an entaolature and pediment. Such an opening is said to be aediculated. Bailey — The walls surrounding a keep or a courtyard enclosed by fortified walls Baroque — Early period of Georgian Architecture, know as th Blenheium palace is the major example of grand, highly decorative style Bartisan — A turret. Oriel — A bay window that projects from an upper storey. Belvedere — A turret, lantern or room built at Ligh level to provide a view Breastummer — A large lintel spanning a wide opening (Supporting brickwork masonry) often over a shop or bay window; formally of timber now concrete or steel. Cant — An external angle of a building that is not a right angle eg. a cant bay window. Catacomb — An undergiound room or place used for storing the dead Chandry — A place used for storing candles. Chi spendale — A Georgian furniture designer Co» Wall — A wall constructed from layers of pressed mud, gravel and straw v Emp!ection — Norman wall construction, consisting of 25 KMS of smooth cut stone, filled with rubble. Florentine Arch — An arch where the intrudes and extrudes are not parallel Mastaba previously built of bricks with floor and wal! lining of limestone later ‘ totally built of limestone. Serdab — An enclosed room with a slot the head of a state of deceased contained within. Stele — An upright stone slab in the offering room with inscription of the name of decreased. - Pyramids evolved from Mastaba — step pyramids bent pyramid of limestone from Tura, also granite.