Introduction / Meaning of Punishment:For balance, safe and secure society some theories of the

punishments have been introduced. Austin considered sanction as

an essential ingredient of law. It is only through sanction that
obedience to law can be secured. Sanction is nothing but inflicting
pain or injury upon the wrong doer. This in a way can be called
punishment. The immediate consequence of a criminal act is
punishment. The term punishment is defined as, "pain, suffering,
loss, confinement or other penalty inflicted on a person for an
offence by the authority to which the offender is subjected to."
Punishment is a social custom and institutions are established to
award punishment after following criminal justice process, which
insists that the offender must be guilty and the institution must have
the authority to punish.
The unified theory of punishment brings together multiple penal
purposes - such as retribution, deterrence and rehabilitation - in a
single, coherent framework.