J

j .
20. 2012.

p > 1 j , j 1 .

j j j j .
.

j :

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29.

j 1 j .

j j.

42
120 = 2| {z
2 2} 3 5 = 2 3 5.
.

42 = 2 3 7,

120

j , j
j j ().

1. j

j 3 j

. j

p2 1

24.

, j , j

p2 1 = (p + 1)(p 1)
j, j j. j j

(p + 1)(p 1)
3, p 1 p + 1

2 4, j

8. , j

j j

, j j j 3.
j j 8 3, j 24.

2. j j

j j

8p2 + 1

p=3

p = 2 j 8 22 + 1 = 33 j j.
j 8 32 + 1 = 73 j. j, , p j
p = 3k + 1 p = 3k 1. j:

j
3.

8(3k 1)2 + 1 = 72k 2 48k + 9

j j j j j 3. j j
j j

3. j

8p2 + 1 j,

p = 3. 

j j

. j

p=2

p2011 + p2013

22011 + 22013

j, j j

j, . j j j

p 3,

j .

, j , j

p2011 + p2013

j, j j. j j ,
j .

4.

7p 1

j j

7p + 1

j. .

p = 2, j 7p 1 = 7 2 1 = 13 j.
j 7p + 1 = 7 2 + 1 = 15 j , j . j
p j j 3, j j j 7p 1
j

. j

p = 2.

5. j j

. j. j j

p = 2,

3p + 1

5p + 1

32+1 = 7

5 2 + 1 = 11

. j j j

p 3,

, j

3p + 1

5p + 1

6. j j 30
j.

, 14

p = 30 q + 14 = 2(15 q + 7)

j 30 ,

2, j j .

j
j .

7. j

j j j

3p + p3

32 + 23 = 17 , j p, j
, 3p + p3 j j, j ,
. , j 3p + p3 j j p = 2. 
.

p = 2

8. j

5
2
7
> > .
6
p
5
7
5
2

> >
6
p
5

p
6
5
> >
2
5
7
, ,
. j j j
70. :

175
14p
60
>
>
70
70
70
175
60
, 175 > 14p > 60. j:
>p>
.
14
14
j p {5, 7, 11}. 

9. j j

p>2

, j j

, j j

p2011 + (2p)2012 + 2013

. j

p j j 2, j .
p
+ (2p)2012 + 2013 j ,
j. j j, j j 2p j,
2011

j . j j j j,
j j j, .

10. j

210 + 312

j .

. j :

210 + 312 = (25 )2 + (36 )2

25
2 25 36 .

36

210 + 312 = (25 )2 + (36 )2 = (25 )2 + 2 25 36 + (36 )2 2 25 36 =

= (25 + 36 )2 26 36 = (25 + 36 )2 66 = (25 + 36 )2 (63 )2 =
= (25 + 36 + 63 )(25 + 36 63 )
j j j

210 + 312

.

11. j j j
j?

. j

j, :

p = a3 + b 3

j. j

a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 ab + b2 )

j:

p = (a + b) (a2 ab + b2 )
j 1 ,
j

a + b > 1,

a2 ab + b2 = 1
j j.
j :

2a2 2ab + 2b2 = 2.

j j j ,

a2 + b2 + (a b)2 = 2.
, a = 1 b = 1, j j
,

j ( j ,
(1,0) (0,1)). j j j
j

a=1

b = 1,

p = 2 = 13 + 13 .

p=2

j.

12. j j

3n + 3n+1 + 3n+2

3n + 3n+1 + 3n+2

3n + 3n+1 + 3n+2 = 3n (1 + 3 + 32 ) = 3n 13
j j j j.

13. j 3 j

. ,

k=1

6k + 1 6k + 5, k N.

61+1 = 7

6 1 + 5 = 11.

, 3, .
j j 3.
j j
(

k N0 ):
6k + 1, 6k + 2, 6k + 3, 6k + 4, 6k + 5, 6k

6k + 3

6k + 2

2, . j

3 . ,

j
j j

6k + 4 6k j
6k + 1 6k + 5,

j . ,
j j.

, j j ,
j .

14. j j.

. j j

p1 , p2 , . . . , pn
j , j j

p1 p2 . . . pn + 1
. j j,
j j j j
1. j j j,
. j j ,
.

15. j j n j n j.
.

. j

n N.

n j,

j:

(n + 1)n(n 1) . . . 3 2 1 + 2
(n + 1)n(n 1) . . . 3 2 1 + 3
..
.

(n + 1)n(n 1) . . . 3 2 1 + n
(n + 1)n(n 1) . . . 3 2 1 + (n + 1)
j j j
.