2.

Forces and Dynamics

Forces and free-body diagrams

Calculate the weight of a body using the expression W=mg.
Identify the forces acting on an object and draw free-body diagrams representing
the forces acting.
Weight a force resulting from the gravitational attraction between two masses,
measured in Newtons (N)
Tension force resulting from the electromagnetic interactions between the
molecules of the material making up the string/rope/etc.
The string is acted upon by two forces; often T vs W when suspending a mass.
Normal reaction forces result from contact between two bodies; electromagnetic
in origin.
Frictional forces oppose the motion of a body. Also EM origin; occur whenever
an object slides over another. Friction arises whenever there is a tendency for
motion, but not necessarily motion itself e.g. a block resting on an inclined plane.
R

f
W

F
W

Determine the resultant force in different situations.

Force vectors, like any other vector quantity, can be resolved into x and y
components.

ay = a sin

sin is away from the angle

cos is through the angle

ax = a cos

To find the net/resultant force, vector addition must be used.

e.g. A 20 N weight hangs from strings as shown. What is the
tension in each of the three strings?

30

45
T1

T2
T3

W = 20 N