lgikIf ;dfrf/ / k|:6 ljrf/sf nflu

www.janakhabar.com

x]g{ ge'Ng'xf]nf .

jif{ *, c+s !#,

@)&! ;fn df3 $ ut] cfOtaf/ (Jan. 18, 2015)

sf7df8f}+ . g]kfnGo"h
86sdsf
>dhLjL
kqsf/xn]
u/] s f]
cfGbf]ngk|lt qmflGtsf/L
kqsf/ ;+u7gn] ;dy{g
hgfPsf] 5 . ljxLaf/
cgnfO{ g sf] sfof{ n o
b/jf/dfu{df qmflGtsf/L
kqsf/ ;+u7gsf ;+of]hs
k|eft rnfpg]sf] g]tT[ jdf
uPsf]] 6f]nLn] cfGbf]ngk|lt P]Soj4tf
hgfPsf] xf] . ds{G6fOn sDo'lgs]zgn]

;+rfng u/]sf] pQm cgnfO{g

Joj:yfkg kIfn] s]xL lbg
cl3 dfq PsfPs aGb u/]sf]
lyof] . pBf] u jfl0fHo
dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
;d]t /x]sf cgnfOgsf
;+rfns ;l~hj /fhe08f/Ln]
sfo{ / t kqsf/x;F u
hfgsf/L g} gu/fO cgnfOg
aGb u/]kl5 To;sf lj?4
kqsf/xn] cfGbf]ng ;'? u/]sf 5g\ .
-afF s L clGtd k] h df_

sf7df8f}F . lqe'jg cGt/f{li6o

ljdfg:yn e|i6frf/Lsf] cv8f aGb}
u}Psf] 5 . ljdfg:yn leq ;'/Iff
Joj:yf ul/Psf] elgP klg leqleq} 7"nf
7"nf t:s/L x'g] u/]sf] 5 . oxL tYo
a'em]/ xf]nf s'g} ;do ljsgL lsn/sf
gfdn] s'Voft rfN;{ zf]e/fhn] of]
ljdfg:ynaf6 xftL ;d]t l5/fOlbg]
k|ltlqmof lbPsf lyP . ljdfg:ynsf]
pRr ;|ft] sf cg';f/ oxfFsf] eG;f/
sfof{noaf6 s/f]8f}s
+ f] eG;f/ 5nL x'g]

u/]sf] 5 . Jofkf/Lxsf ;fdfgx

cf];f/k;f/ ug{sf nflu Ph]G6xsf] 7"nf]
;d"x g} sfo{/t /x]sf] 5 . Ph]G6xn]
sfof{no k|dv
' b]lv ;'/IffsdL{ / cGo
sd{rf/Lx;Fu ldn]/ b}lgsh;f] nfvf}s
+ f]
eG;f/ 5n]/ ;fdfg cfoft lgof{t ug]{
u/]sf 5g\ . sfuf]{ u/]/ ljb]zaf6 cfpg]
ax'dN" o On]S6fl] gs ;fdfgx Nofk6k,
df]jfOn, /]l8d]8 tof/L kf];fsnufotsf
;fdfgx Ph]G6xn] sd d"Nofgdf
-afF s L clGtd k] h df_

g]kfnGo"hsf] cfGbf]ngk|lt qmflGtsf/L kqsf/ ;+u7gsf] P]Soj4tf

d"No ?= !).

;'Gg ge'Ng'xf]nf .

dfcf]jfbLsf] pb\3f]if

qmflGtsf] ofqf /f]lsb}g

sf7df8f}F . g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf
dxf;lrj g]qljqmd rGb ljKnj n]
s;}n] rfxFbd} f qmflGtsf] ofqf g/f]lsg]
atfPsf 5g\ . g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf]
bfsf] t'n;Lk'/df cfof]lht k|yd /fli6o

cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn e|i6frf/Lsf] cv8f

dn]l;ofdf lgMz'Ns sfdbf/ k7fOg]

sf7df8f}F . ;/sf/n] dn]l;ofdf
lgMz'Ns sfdbf/ k7fpg] tof/L u/L/x]sf]
atfOPsf] 5 . dn]l;of hfg] sfdbf/;Fu
Ph]G6 / Dofgkfj/ sDkgLn] hyfefjL
z'Ns c;'nL rsf]{ cfly{s ef/ yf]kfg{]
u/]kl5 ;/sf/n] To;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{
lgMz'Ns sfdbf/ k7fpg] tof/L u/]sf]
xf] . b'O{ b]zdf /x]sf Ph]G6sf] ldn]dtf]df
clwsf+z sDkgLn] lgMz'Ns le;f k7fpg]

eP klg sfdbf/;Fu df]6f] /sd c;'Ng]

u/]sf 5g . /fHodGqL u'?n] dn]l;of
hfg] sfdbf/nfO{ lgMz'Ns k7fpg
nfluPsf] hfgsf/L lbP . dGqfnon]
cfGtl/s tof/L ul//x]sf] 5 . s]xL
;dokl5 dn]l;of hfg] sfdbf/;Fu
Go"gtd ;]jfz'Ns dfq lng kfpg] u/L
gofF Joj:yf ul/Fb}5 . !) xhf/
-afF s L clGtd k] h df_

;Dd]ngsf] pb3f6gsf] qmddf ljKnjn]

;f] pb3f]; u/]sf x'g\ . ljKnjn] k|yd

;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] k'm6s/ laqmL ug{ k|ltaGw

sf7df8f}F . dfgj a]rlavgsf] csf{] uGtJosf kdf lnOPsf] rLgsf] vf;fdf

uPsf] Ps jif{df !#% r]nL a]lrgaf6 hf]luPsf 5g\ . l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf]
tftf]kfgL gfsfdf a]rlavglj?4 lqmofzLn ;fdflhs ;+:yf dfOtL g]kfnn] kl5Nnf]
jif{ vf;f lxF8s
] f g]kfnL r]nLnfO{ gfsfaf6} kmsf{P/ a]lrgaf6 hf]ufPsf] xf] . ;g\
@)!$ df vf;fsf 8fG;af/ tyf em'kf{df sfd ug{ lxF8s
] f pgLx dfOtL g]kfnn]
k/fdz{sf qmddf kmsf{Psf] xf] . dfOtL g]kfnsf cg';f/ tLdWo] !& afnaflnsf
/x]sf 5g\ . vf;f lxF8s
] f pgLxnfO{ ToxfFsf] cj:yfaf/] hfgsf/L gePsf] kfOPkl5
gfsfaf6} kmsf{OPsf] dfOtL xf] . k/fdz{sf qmddf g]kfnn] hf]lvddf /x]sf ^&
r]nLnfO{ kl/jf/sf] lhDdf / ^) hgfnfO{ l;w} 3/ k7fPsf] xf] . tYofcg';f/
@)!$ sf] hgj/Ldf !$, km]ac
| ' /Ldf @), dfr{df !!, clk|ndf !%, d]df !$ /
h'gdf cf7hgf r]nLnfO{ kmsf{Psf] 5 . dfOtL g]kfnsf cg';f/ h'nfO{df cf7,
cu:6df b'O,{ ;]K6]Da/df rf/, cS6f]a/df !$, gf]eD] a/df ;ft / l8;]Da/df !*
hgf r]nLnfO{ k/fdz{sf qmddf kmsf{OPsf] xf] . tLdWo] !& afnaflnsf /x]sf] dfOtL
g]kfnn] hgfPsf] 5 . g]kfnn] gfsfdf /x]/ of] Ps jif{df -afF s L clGtd k] h df_

sf7df8f}F . ;/sf/n] ;'tL{hGo

kbfy{sf] km'6s/ laqmLdf k"0f{kdf /f]s
nufpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ca s'g}
Jofkf/Ln] r'/f]6, laF8L tyf l;uf/h:tf
;'tL{hGo kbfy{ lvNnLdf laqmL u/]df
!) xhf/ k}ofF hl/jfgf ltg{k' g]5
{ .
;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] k|of]u lg?T;flxt tyf
lgoGq0f ug{ hl/jfgf;lxtsf] ;'tL{hGo
kbfy{ lgoGq0f tyf lgodg lgb]l{ zsf,
)&! d+unaf/ hf/L ePsf] xf] . :jf:Yo
dGqL:t/Lo lg0f{oaf6 ;'tL{hGo kbfy{ lgoGq0f / lgodg ug]_{ P]g, )^* /
lgodfjnLdf ePsf c:ki6tf x6fpg
lgb{l] zsf hf/L ePsf] dGqfnon] hgfPsf]
5 . lgb]l{ zsf hf/L eP;Fu} ;'tL{hGo
kbfy{sf] k|of]u lg?T;flxt tyf lgoGq0f
ug{ ag]sf P]g tyf lgodfjnLdf ePsf
Joj:yf k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{] af6f]
v'ns
] f] 5 . lgb]l{ zsfsf] bkmf @* df
r'/f]6, laF8L, l;uf/ / On]S6f]lgs

sf7df8f}F . g]kfnsf] s'n cfDbfgLsf]

@% k|ltzt /sd /]ld6\ofG;af6 cfpg]
u5{ . kl5Nnf !$ jif{df sl/a @* va{
k}ofF /]ld6\ofG; b]zdf lelqPsf] 5 .
g]kfn /fi6 a}s
+ sf] tYof+scg';f/ b}lgs
! ca{ $* s/f]8 k}ofF /]ld6\ofG; cfpg]
u5{ . )%& otf o;/L @& va{ &@ ca{
^* s/f]8 ^# nfv #) xhf/ k}ofF b]z
lelqPsf] 5 . )%& df $& ca{ @!
s/f]8 ^! nfv k}ofF /]ld6\ofG; cfPsf]
lyof] . cfly{s jif{ @)&)&! ;Dd
cfOk'Ubf of] /sd cf7 u'gfn] a9]sf]
5 . /fi6 a}s
+ sf cg';f/ cfly{s jif{
@)&)&! df % va{ $# ca{ @(
s/f]8 $! nfv k}ofF lelqPsf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] emG8} jflif{s ah]6 a/fa/sf]
of] /sd /]ld6\ofG;af6 k|fKt clxn];Dds}
w]/} xf] . /]ld6\ofG;af6 b]z lelqg] /sd
x/]s jif{ a9\bf] 5 . cfly{s jif{
@)%*%( df z"Go bzdna &
k|ltztn] a9]sf] /]ld6\ofG; @)&)&!
;Dd cfOk'Ubf @% k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .
/]ld6\ofG;af6 lelqPsf] /sddWo] &(

/f]huf/Lsf qmddf Hofg u'dfpg]df #

xhf/ ^ ;o $ k'?if / *# dlxnf 5g\ .
d[To' ePsfxsf] j}bl] zs /f]huf/ k|j4{g
af]8a{ f6 kf]:6df6{;d]t ul/Fbg} . sltsf]
t jiff};F { Dd nf;;d]t :jb]z k7fOFbg} .
kl5Nnf @) jif{df j}bl] zs /f]huf/Lsf
nflu #^ nfv g]kfnL o'jfo'jtL lab]l;Psf
5g\ . b]zsf PsltxfO o'jfo'jtL j}bl] zs
/f]huf/Ldf 5g\ . j}b]lzs /f]huf/
ljefusf] tYof+scg';f/ @)%! b]lv ut
d+l;/;Dddf #% nfv () xhf/ @ ;o
@( o'jfo'jtL lab]l;Psf 5g\ . ljut
;f9] rf/ jif{df dfq} !% nfv #* xhf/
# ;o *^ o'jfo'jtL lab]l;Psf 5g\ .
@)^* sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ !% b]lv #$
jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf o'jfsf] ;+Vof $! nfv
&$ xhf/ ( ;o (@ 5 . of] s'n
hg;+Vofsf] sl/a #& k|ltzt xf] . o'jfsf]
t'ngfdf /f]huf/Lsf nflu lab]l;g]
o'jtLsf] ;+Vof lgs} sd 5 . @)^& sf]
c;f/otf %@ xhf/ @ ;o %! o'jtL
lab]l;Psf 5g\ . ca}w af6f]af6 hfg]sf]
-afF s L clGtd k] h df_

dfgj a]rlavgsf] cv8f aGb} vf;f

/fli6o ;Dd]ngsf] pb3f6gsf] qmddf

lbPsf] ;Daf]wgsf] ;Dkflbt c+z o;

l;u/]6h:tf ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] lvNnL

km'6s/ jf v'bf| kdf laqmLljt/0f
ug{ gkfpg] pNn]v 5 . lgb]l{ zsf cg';f/
On]S6fl] gs l;u/]6 pTkfbg, cfoft,
laqmLljt/0f, ;fj{hlgs :yn /
;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf pkef]u /
;~rf/dfWodaf6 k|j4{g tyf lj1fkg
ug{;d]t lgif]w ul/Psf] 5 . s/d'St
k;naf6 r'/f]6, laF8L, l;uf/, x'Ssf,
l;;f, sSs8, lrlnd, ;'kf{, v}gL, ;'tL{,
u'6v
\ fh:tf ;'tL{hGo kbfy{ laqmLljt/0f
ug{;d]t kfOg] 5}g . ;fj{hlgs :yndf
w'dk| fg jf ;'tL{ ;]jg ug{ /f]s nufpg] /
gdfg]df jf k6sk6s w'dk| fg u/]df
;fj{hlgs :ynaf6 aflx/ lgsfNg] jf
;o k}ofF hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo ug{]
lgod 5 . ;fj{hlgs :yndf w'dk| fg
ug]{ JolSt sd{rf/L ePdf ljefuLo
sf/afxL;Dd ug{ klg lgod 5 . dfgj
:jf:Yosf nflu cToGt xflgsf/s dflgg]

w'dk| fg tyf ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] cfoft,

pTkfbg tyf laqmL Go"gLs/0f ug{ ag]sf]
P]g / lgodfjnLsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog
ug{ lgb]l{ zsf nfu" ul/Psf] dGqfnon]
hgfPsf] 5 . :jf:YodGqL vu/fh
clwsf/Ln] ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] k|of]u
lgoGq0f ug{ ag]sf] P]g tyf lgodfjnLsf
c:ki6tf :ki6 ug{ lgb]l{ zsf NofOPsf]
atfP . lgb]l{ zsfn] ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] af,
Kofs]6, sf6'g{ / kf;{n Kofs]lhdf l:6s/
6fF:bf / Kofs]lh ubf{ r]tfjgLd"ns
;Gb]z lrq 5f]lkg], lau|g] / Rofltg] u/L
6fF:g] / Kofs]lh ug{ gkfpg] :ki6 u/]sf]
5 . xfn cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf]
cGtMz'Ns l:6s/ r]tfjgLd"ns
;Gb]zx 5f]lkg] u/L 6fFl;g] ul/Psf]
5 . lgb]l{ zsfdf ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] af,
Kofs]6 agfpFbf leqL / aflx/L b'Oj{ 6f
af, Kofs]6 agfO{ ;'tL{hGo kbfy{
-afF s L & k] h df_

k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 ;dsfnLg g]tfxn]

-afF s L clGtd k] h df_

nf]8;]l8 km]l/ a9\of]

sf7df8f} F . g] k fn ljB' t \
k|flws/0fn] nf]8;]l8sf] ;dofjlw
km]l/ a9fPsf] 5 . k|flws/0fn]
cfufdL cfhb]lv nfu" x'g] u/L b}lgs
!! 306f;Dd nf]8;]l8 x'g;
] lxtsf]
gofF tflnsf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] xf] .
xfn ;ftfdf &) 306f;Dd ljB't\

cfk"lt{ s6f}tL x'Fb} cfPsfdf ca

;ftfdf &% 306f;Dd nf]8;]l8
x'g]5 . ljB't\sf] dfu a9]sf] /
dWod:of{ bL hnljB' t \ s] G b|
dd{ t sf nflu k" 0 f{ kdf aGb
ug{k' /]sfn] nf]8;]l8 a9fpg'k/]sf]
k| f lws/0fn] hgfPsf] 5 .
k| f lws/0fsf cg' ; f/ cfhb] l v
;ftfdf ^ lbg !! 306f / Ps lbg
( 306f nf]8;]l8 x'g]5 .

d[To';u n8\b} /]ld6\ofG; leq\ofpb} k|yd /fli6o ;Dd]ng / o;sf k|efjsf If]qx?
k|ltzt pkef]Uo j:t'df vr{ x'G5 . ;g\
@)!! df ul/Psf] g]kfn hLjg:t/
;j]I{ f0fsf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ C0f ltg{ /
lzIffdf && k|ltzt, 3/ lsGg $
bzdna % k|ltzt / k'h
F L lgdf{0fsf
nflu @ bzdna $ k|ltzt dfq vr{
x'G5 . j}bl] zs /f]huf/ k|j4{g af]8s
{ f]
tYof+ s cg' ; f/ @)^% c;f/otf
/f]huf/Lsf nflu uPsf # xhf/ ^ ;o
*& g]kfnLsf] ljb]zd} Hofg uPsf] 5 .
dn]l;ofdf ;a}eGbf w]/} g]kfnLsf] d[To'
ePsf] 5 . ut d+l;/ d;fGt;Dd
dn]l;ofdf ! xhf/ @ ;o (* sf] Hofg
uPsf] 5 . w]/} g]kfnLsf] d[To' x'g] csf]{
b]z ;fpbL c/]laof xf] . ;fpbLdf ( ;o
(@ g]kfnLsf] Hofg uPsf] 5 . To:t},
stf/df * ;o *, o'PO{df @ ;o (@,
s'jt] df ! ;o !!, blIf0f sf]l/ofdf $%,
cf]dfgdf #&, n]agfgdf @) hgfsf] Hofg
uPsf] 5 . To:t}, Oh/fondf &, hfkfgdf
^, /l;ofdf #, >Ln+sfdf @ / lnlaof,
dflNbE; / cd]l/sfdf PsPshgfsf] d[To'
ePsf] af]8n
{ ] hgfPsf] 5 . j}bl] zs

g]kfndf dfcf]afbL cfGbf]ng zflGt

k|lqmofdf k|jz
] u/]kl5sf] bf];f| ] ;+aGw
ljR5]b ;Fu;Fu} k"gu{ l7t ePsf] g]skf
dfcf]afbLn] olx @)&! k'if @#@^ df
k|yd /fli6o ;Dd]ng ;DkGg u/L /fli6o
cGt//fli6o ?kdf ;a}sf] Wofg cfk"lt/
cfslif{t ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . cj
lxhf]sf] dfcf]afbLSf] k|efjnfO{ cfkm"df
s]lGb|t ug{ vf]hs
] f] 5 . dfcf]afbL
cfGbf]ng ca g]kfndf st} lhljt 5
eg] Tof] ljKna dfcf]afbLdf dfq ar]sf]
5 eGg] zGb]z lbg vf]Hb} 5 . k|yd
/fli6o ;Dd]ngn] s]xL dxTjk"0f{ /
rdTsf/Ls sfdx? ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .
klxnf] t gofF ;DaGw ljR5]bnfO{
a}wflgstf k|bfg u/sf] 5 . vf; u/L
klxnf] ;DaGw ljR5]b k|r08 afa'/fd;Fu
eO{ gofF kf6L{ h;nfO{ a}B ;d"x elgG5,
aGof] . d"VotM ls/0f / afbnsf] g]tT[ jdf
/x]sf] kf6L{n] klg s]xL ug{ g;Sg] ;'lglZrt
eP kl5, ;+aGwljR5]bsf] kxn eof] /
gofF kf6L{ aGof] /fli6o ;Dd]ngn] ;f]

;+aGw ljR5]bnfO{ cf}krfl/s ?kdf

cg'df]bg ub}{ a}wflgstf k|bfg uof] .
of] k|yd /fli6o ;Dd]ngsf] bf];f| ]
dxTjk"0f{ sfd xf] gofF kf6L{, gofF g]tT[ j /
gofF sfo{lbzfsf] lgdf{0f ;Dd]ngn] kf6L{sf]
gfd g]skf dfcf]afbLsf ?kdf cg'df]bg

If]Kof:q ax;
lji0f' kGt

ub}{ gofF kf6L{ ;+/rgf ;lxtsf] gofF

g]tT[ jsf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . kf6L{df
dxf;lra k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ub}{ s=
ljKnanfO{ dxf;lrjdf lgjf{lrt u/\of] .
To:t} :yfoL ;ldlt, kf]ln6Ao'/f] / s]lGb|o
;ldlt agfof] . To;} u/L tn Ao"/f] /
lhNnf ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ lg0f{o uof] .
To:t} of] ;Dd]ngn] g]kfnL df}lns
ljz]iftf emlNgg] u/L Plss[t qmflGtsf]
sfo{lbzfnfO{ kfl/t ub}{ Pp6f gofF
qmd;Fu ug{} ;kmn eof] .
To;}u/L k|yd /fli6o ;Dd]ngsf]
t];f] dxTjk"0f{ sfd eg]sf] Plss[t
qmflGtsf] l;4fGtsf] ljsf; uof] . ju{
;+3if{sf] gofF df]8n h;df an k|of]usf]
l;4fGtnfO{ k"0f{?kdf c+uLsf/ ub}{
Plss[t qmflGtsf] l;4fGt jf sfo{
lbzfsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . cj of]
Pp6f kf6L{ ljz]ifsf] dfq xf]Og /fli6o
cGt/fli6o axzsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 .
o;n] gofF df]8n
] sf] ?kdf ljsl;t x'g]
-afF s L clGtd k] h df_

ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}

s= dfcf]T;] t'

/fatOfc t]u $ 3fd nf; !&)@

of] d'ns' df ;Nnfxsf/sf] x}l;ot / cfjZostf

jif{ *, c+s !#
&!
!#,, df3 $ ut] cfOtaf/ @)
@)&!

 ;DkfbsLo

x's
f/

;+ljwfgsf] /6fg aGb u/

g/]Gb|hu
+ lk6/

;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf ljjflbt /x]sf ljifo, ;+3Lotf,

zf;sLo:j?k, Gofo k|0ffnLh:tf ljjflbt ljifo
Ho's
F f To'F 5g\ . t/, klg bnx? df3 * ut]
;+ljwfg?kL Pp6f vf]:6f] g]kfnL hgtfaLr kmfNg
of] of Tof] afxgfdf 5nkmndf h'l6/x]sf 5g\ .
ca df3 * ut] k|lqmof jf ;xdlt h] eP klg
g]kfnL hgtfn] rfx]sf] ;+ljwfg Nofpg c;Dej
eO;s]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efdf ePsf bnx?n]
ljjflbt ljifonfO{ yftL /fVb} ;+ljwfg hf/L ug]{ jf
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] Dofb k'gM a9fpg]eGbf csf]{
ljsNk 5}g . ;+ljwfg;efsf bnx?n] ca h'g
af6f] cFufn] klg g]kfnL hgtfn] pgLx?nfO{ ;fy
lbg] s'g} 5fF6sfF6 b]lvFbg} . Ps jif{df hgtfsf]
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ afrf u/]/ k'gM ;+ljwfg;efdf
k'us
] f bn / g]tfx?n] of] Ps jif{ cfk;L lxnf]
5\ofkf5\ofk d} ljtfP . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0feGbf bn
ljz]if / JolQm ljz]if Ph]08fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbP,
h;sf] kl/0ffd clxn] g]kfnL hgtfn] ef]Ug' kl//x]sf]
5 . clxn] ;+ljwfg;efdf ePsf bnx?n] hgtfsf]
;+ljwfg agfpF5g\ eg]/ ljZjf; ug'{ d"vt{ fafx]s
s]xL x'g ;Sb}g . t;y{, ca of] ;+ljwfg;efsf]
vf/]hL g} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|:yfglaGb' xf] . ca
;+ljwfg;efdf ePsf bnx?n] cf gf] bnut :jfy{
TofuL b]z / hgtfsf] lglDt of] ;+ljwfg;ef
lj36g ug{ tTk/ x'gk' 5{ . b]zdf zflGt / hgtfnfO{
hg;+ljwfg lbg ;+ljwfg;ef leq / aflx/ ePsf
tdfd bnx? Psh'6 x'gk' 5{ . o;sf] lglDt klg
;+ljwfg;efsf] lj36gafx]s csf]{ ljsNk 5}g .
t;y{, ;+ljwfg;efdf ePsf bnx?n] ca df3 *
sf] /Gsf] 5f]8L ;+ljwfg;ef lj36g u/L /fli6o
/fhgLlt ;Dd]ngtkm{ pGd'v x'gk' 5{ . clg dfq
b]zsf] /fhgLlt ;xL dfu{df k|jz
] u5{ . ;+ljwfgf;efdf
/x]sf bnx?n] b]zsf] clxn]sf] jf:tljs j:t'l:ylt
ga'emL ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ cFufnf] xfln/x] b]zsf] l:ylt
eofjx x'g] lglZrt 5 . b]zsf] l:ylt eofjx
agfpg] /fhgLlts bn / g]tfnfO{ g]kfnL hgtfn]
slxNo} dfkm ug]{ 5}gg\, r]tgf eof .

k+lStsf/ ;uf]nsf] dfcf]jfbL

s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] ;Nnfxsf/ xf], cem
o;n] ;/sf/L j]tgef]uL ;Nnfxsf/
ag]/ em08} Ps jif{ l;+xb/af/df
g] k fnL
sfo{ s f/Lxsf]
;Nnfxfsf/k|ltsf] dgf]lj1fg ;DxfNg]
cj;/ klg kfof] . s] g]kfnsf
sfo{sf/Lx ;Nnfxfsf/;Fu ljwfut
;Nnfx u5{g\ < lnG5g\ < cflv/
sfo{sf/Laf6 ePsf sdLsdhf]/L /
b'/ufdL c;/df ;Nnfxsf/sf] bfloTj
klg /xg] / Oltxf;df >]osf] clwsf/L
/ sdhf]/Lsf] efuLbf/ klg x'g'k5{ <
oxfF ;+lIfKt rrf{ u/f}F . dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] ;Nnfxfsf/ sltko
;b\efjgfsf cf/If0fstf{ lyP eg]
sltko ckf/ Ifdtfsf] JolStTj klg
5g\ . g] k fnL sDo' l g:6df eg]
;Nnfxsf/ eg]sf] zf]efodfg, dfgfy{
cGoGq vkt ug{ g;lsPsf,

a"9fkfsf, czSt, cIfd, s'g} kb

lbg'kg{] cfjZostf ;f]lrPsfsf]
8lDk ynf] s f] kdf lnOG5 .
sDo'lg:6x eg] ;+;f/d} dfgfy{ kbdf
geO{ ;bf sfo{sf/L x'G5g\ . cfGbf]ng
/ ju{;+3if{sf zf:jt dfGotfnfO{
cfGbf] n gsf] kdf a9fO/xg
;+:yfut e"ldsf gkfP klg e"ldsf
:jod\n] vf]Hb}, agfpFb} klg ;lqmo
eO{ g} /xG5g\ . ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf]
pkfb]otf s] xf] eg]/ g ;Nnfxsf/n]
g} cfgf] e"ldsfsf] vf]hL u/]sf]
b]lvG5, g kf6L{ d"n g]tT[ j k+lStnfO{
To;sf] Ifdtf k|of]u ug'k{ g]{ b]lvG5,
g s'g} Ifdtfsf] e"ldsf lbg'k5{ eGg]
af]w kf6L{df /x]sf] 5 . cem sfo{sf/L
k|d'v ly+s6of+s dflgg] a'l4hLjL
;+u7g t 5 t/ Tof] of t u'6sf]
km'sg{ ;dft]/ a'l4hLjLsf] k|df0fkq
xfl;n ub}{ cfgf] cf}sft b]vfpFb}
lgo'lSt v]tLdf ljutdf Jo:t /Xof],
of /fhgLlts ko{6gdf jf Pglhcf]sf]
hf]xf]df . To;n] cfGbf]ngn] k}bf u/]sf
cfj]u, ljj]s / to u/]sf Ph]08fsf]
dfs]{l6 ug{] x}l;ot g} /fv]g eg]
kf6L{nfO{ ;'emfj, ;Nnfx lbg] g}lts
kFh
' L g} arfpg ;s]g . sfo{sf/Lx
s]df pgLxsf] xL klg xfF:5 eGg]df
dfq Wofg k'Ug yfNof] . dfcf]jfbL
;Nnfxfsf/xdf x[bosf cfjfh
af]Ng] dfq} geO{ b'/b[li6 /fVg] klg
gePsf eg] x}gg\, u'6df g/dfP/
cfgbf]ngsf phf{ lbg, of]hgf agfpg
;]G;/xLg cfjfh / cfGbf]ngnfO{
s]Gb|df /fv]/ e"ldsf lgjfx{ ug{
rfxg]sf] ;+Vof klg k|ofKt 5 g} .

cf; / qf;n] ntfl/P/ geO{

;xdltdf lxDdt / ljdltdf ljj]s
/fVg ;Sg] dfq ;Nnfxfsf/ x'g ;S5g\
eGg] s'/f ef/t jif{df cfrf{o rf0fSo
/ rLgsf ;'Gh' /x]sf 5g\ g} . t/
g]kfndf s]xL ckjfb 5f]8\g] xf] eg]
;Nnfxsf/ eg]sf] of t lghL ;lrjsf]
kdf lnOG5 of yGSofpg] ynf]sf]
kdf . of] cfk\ m gf cg' e j /
;/f]sf/jfnfsf ;f]r cg';f/ g} eGg
;lsPsf] xf] . g]kfndf ;a}h;f]
sfo{ s f/L g] t [ T j x/] s ljifosf]
hflgkmsf/ cyf{t\ ;j{1 7fG5g\
To;} n ] pgLxnfO{ sf] x L klg
;Nnfxsf/sf] cfjZostf g} kb}{g .
k|fWofks s[i0f vgfn k|wfgdGqL
lu/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] /fhgLlts
;Nnfxfsf/ x' g ' e of] , t/ d" w { G o
/fhgLltzf:qL vgfnn] k|wfgdGqLnfO{
;Nnfx lbg] si6 eg] ug{' k/]g .
k| w fgdGqL k' i ksdn bfxfn
k| r 08sf k//fi6 ;Nnfxsf/
xL/faxfb'/ yfkf / lj1fg k|ljlw
;Nnfxsf/ 8f= tf/fsfGt kf08]sf]
;Nnfxsf/sf] e"ldsf eGbf klg cGo
s'/fdf ;lqmotf ePsf] oyfy{ s;};uF
l5Kg} ;s]g . ljsl;t b]z cyjf
pbLodfg zlStsf] ;fdfGo rrf{ ubf{
rLgdf uDeL/ ljifo / b'/ufdL
;+j]bgzLn ljifosf] ;Nnfxsf/sf]
Kofgn af]8{ ljwfut jl/i6 lrGts
/ k| f Wofksxn] to u/] / Tof]
sfo{sf/L kf]ln6Ao"/f]df k'u]kl5 dfq
Jojxfl/s k lnG5 . To:t} ef/tdf
clxn] ljj] s fgGb kmfpG8] ; g
k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| df]bLsf] k|d'v

;Nnfxsf/ l6d 5gf]6stf{ xf] . x/]s

ljifodf ;dy{sdf dfq} x}g, ljkIfsf
;Defljt ljifo p7fpg] kmfpG8];gsf]
tof/L x'G5 eg] dxTjk"0f{ ljZjljBfno
/ To;}sf of]Uo k|fWofksxn] gLlt
lgdf{ 0 fdf sfo{ s f/LnfO{ ;Nnfx
lbO/x]sf x'G5g\ . pbfx/0fs} nflu
k|f]km];/ P;8L d'gL / hg/n czf]s
d]xtfsf] g]kfn;DaGwL ;f]r ;fpy
AnsnfO{ dxTj x' G 5 t/ To:t}
g]kfndf eg] g s'g} k|fWofks jf
;Nnfxsf/n] s'g} ;Nnfx lbg] si6
ug{'k5{ bfloTj lgefpg' k5{ g
sfo{sf/L zlStn] s'g} ;Nnfxsf]
cfjZostf g} ;f]R5 . x/]s b]zdf
cem 6ofs 6' l8Knf]d];Lsf cg]sf}
k|ToIf / k/t/ /fHo / ljleGg ;+3
;+:yf / /fhgLlts kf6L{df klg Pp6f
zf]efodfg ;Nnfxsf/ eg] /flvPsf]
x' G 5 . cem sltko ;+ : yf jf
Pglhof]df t ;fj{hlgs 5lj agfPsf
JolStTjsf] 5ljsf] pkof]u cfgf]
x}l;ot a9fpg jf Joj;fo km:6fpg
pkof]u klg ul/G5 t/ ;Nnfx lng
jf lbgsf nflu eg] x}g .
olb /fHon] ;Nnfxsf/ /flvPsf]
3f]if0ff u5{ eg] Tof] /fHoaf6 cfgf]
sfo{stf{nfO{ ;'ljwf lbnfpg] Pp6f
rnfvL dfq x'G5 . s'g} klg kf6L{
sld6Ldf ;Nnfxsf/sf] kb l;h{gf
ul/G5 eg] Tof] ljz'4 dfgfy{ kb
dfq aG5 . s' g ljz] i f1tfsf]
cfwf/df rog ul/Psf] x'G5 < g
lar/f ;Nnfxsf/n] e]p g} kfpF5, g
s'g} ;Nnfx ;'emfj sfo{sf/L g]tT[ jnfO{
g} lbg'k5{ .

dWok'/lyld xf]l8{ af]8d{ S' t zx/ aGb} /]l8of] sfo{qmd pTkfbg tyf k|zf/0f ;DaGwL tflnd ;DkGg

sf7df8f}F . eStk'/sf] dWok'/lyld

gu/kflnsfn] gu/If]qnfO{ kmfu'g dlxgf
leqdf xf]l8{ af]8d{ S' t gu/ agfpg]
ePsf] 5 . gu/nfO{ xf]l8{ af]8{ kf]i6/,
kDkn]6, jfn k]lG6 d'St gu/kflnsf
agfpg nfu]sf] gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L
clws[t ldqdl0f kf]v/]nn] atfP .
gu/kflnsf If]qdf hyfefjL kdf
/flvg] o; k|sf/sf k|rf/ ;fdu|Ln] gu/
If]qnfO{ s'k agfPsf], d'Vo ;8ssf]
bfofFafFof /flvg] xf]l8{ af]8n
{ ] b'36{ gf
a9fPsf] kfO{ P kl5 gu/If] q nfO{
jftfj/0fLo kdf ;'Gb/ agfpg dWok'/
gu/If]qnfO{ xf]l8{ af]8{ kf]i6/, kDkn]6,
Aofg/, n]S; / jfn k]lG6 d'St agfpg
nfu]sf] pgn] atfP . gu/kflnsfsf]
xfn} ;DkGg @$ cf}F gu/kl/ifbdf o:tf]
lg0f{o ePsfn] o;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{

;xh x' g ] ePsf] 5 . clxn]

gu/kflnsfsf laleGg If]qdf laleGg
lgsfon] cfgf k|rf/sf nflu ;8ssf]
bfofFafofF, cfsfz] k'n nufotsf If]qdf
hyfefjL kdf xf]l8 af]8{ kf]i6/,
kDkn]6, Aofg/, n]S; /fVg], jfn k]lG6
ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . gu/kflnsfn] k|x/Lsf]
;xof]udf k6s k6s o:tf ;fdu|L
x6fpFbf klg c6]/ ul/ k'gM /fVg] sfo{
eO{/x]sfn] ca gu/If]qnfO{ g} xf]l8
af]8d
{ S' t If]q agfO{ c6]/ ug{nfO{
sf/afxL ul/g] pgn] atfP . gu/If]qdf
xf]l8 af]8n{ ufotsf k|rf/ ;fdu|L /fVg
clxn];Dd s;}n] klg cg'dlt glnPsf]
atfpFb} sfo{sf/L clws[t kf]v/]nn]
gu/kflnsfn] o:tf sfo{sf nflu :jLs[t
klg glbg] / /fVg c6]/ ug]n{ fO{ sf/afxL
ug]{ atfP .

sf7df8f}+ . blnt ;d'bfonfO{ nIfLt

u/L kf}if !^af6 /]l8of] sfo{qmd pTkfbg
tyf k|zf/0f ;DaGwL tflnd ;'? ePsf]
tflnd kf}if @@ ut] ;fdfkg Ps
sfo{qmsf aLr ;dfkg ePsf] 5 .
cgfdgu/ l:yt /]l8of] ldld{/s
] f] xndf
;' ? ePsf] tflnddf !& hgf
k|lzIffyL{xsf] ;xefuLtf /x]sf] lyof] .
d]rL sfnL ;~rf/ ;ldlt tyf lhNnf
ljsf; ;ldlt sf7df08f}sf] ;xsfo{df

kqsfl/tfdf klg elaio lgdf{0f ug{

;lsg] pgFsf] wf/0ff lyof] . pSt
;dfkg sfo{qmddf g]kfn kqsf/
dxf;+3sf s]lGb|o ;lrj k|eft rnfpg]
pkl:lyltdf k|lzIffyL{No:xnfO{ k|df0f
kq lat/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . tflnddf
lgDg k|lzIffyL{xsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]
atfOPsf] 5 . clgtf kl/of/, ;'hftf
kl/of/, Pln;f kl/of/, ld/f ;'vt{] L,
clDasf g]kfnL, pld{nf g]kfnL,df]xg

;'? ePsf] tflnd ;ft lbg ;Dd

rn]sf] lyof] . tflndsf] ;dfkg ub}{
;~rf/ ;ldltsf cWoIf af;'b]j
ltlDflN;gfn] blnt ;d' b foaf6
kqsf/Ltf If]qdf ;xefuLtf sd /x]sfn]
;xefuLtf a9fpgsf] nflu tflndsf]
cfof]hgf u/]sf] atfP . of] tflndn]
k|lzIffyL{xnfO{ kqsf/Ltf nfUg k|/] 0ff
ldNg ;xof]u k'Ug] s'/f atfP .

ljZjsdf{, p;f a:ofn, ;'ldqf

la;'v], dlg lt?jf, cK;/f la;'v],
z+s/ ;'gf/, s'df/ a/fOnL, ad a=
la=s=,sdnf la= s=, efj's b]jn, ;'lgtf
kl/of/ nufotsf k|lzIffyL{xsf]
;xefuLtf /x]sf] 5 . jl/i7 /]l8of]
kqsf/ /d]z s'df/ e/fO{ / lxd
lji6n] tflnd k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] ;~rf/
;ldltn] hgfPsf] 5 .

sf7df8f}F . tLy{:yn uf];fOFs0' 8

s]an' sf/ lgdf{0fsf] sfo{cufl8 a9fpg
;dfh;]jLn] dfu u/]sf 5g\ . rrf{ rn]sf]
!) jif{ lalt;Sbf klg s]an' sf/ lgdf{0f
ug{t] km{ s'g} klg ;/sf/L Pj+ u};; cl3
ga9\bf oxfFsf afl;Gbf dfem lg/f; 5fPsf]
5 . s]an' sf/ lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmof l56} cufl8
a9fOlbg ;/sf/;dIf cfu|x ub}{ /;'jf
gful/s ;dfhsf cWoIf afa'nfn
tfdfn] s]a'nsf/ nufgLstf{nfO{
:yfgLo:t/sf] ;xof]u k"0f{kdf ldNg]
atfP . w'Gr]sf] Rofg8fF8fb]lv gfu'sf] s'gf
vs{ x'bF } e}/js'08 / ;/:jtLs'08nfO{
afofF kfb}{ uf];fOFs0' 8sf] x]lnKof8;Dd !*
lsdL b"/Lsf] s]an' sf/sf] ;+/rgf agfpg

?= Ps ca{ *# s/f]8 nfut cg'dfg

o;cl3 g} ;fj{hlgs eO;s]sf] 5 .
:ofk|ma' ;
+] Ldf @@ d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf]
ljB'tu\ x[ lgdf{0f ePkl5 wfld{s If]qsf]
dxTj a9fpg] / s]an' sf/ k|of]ustf{sf]
rxnkxn a9fO{ :yfgLo:t/sf] cfo
j[l4df ;d]t 6]jf lbg] sfddf of]ubfg
lbg cfgf] ;+:yf tTk/ /x]sf] lrlnd]
hnljB't\ sDkgLsf lgdf{tf k"jk{ a| Gw
;~rfns 8f 8Da/axfb'/ g]kfnLn]
@)^) ;fndf atfPsf lyP . w'Gr]
lgjf;L ;ft]Daf tfdfn] ;a:6];g
agfpg w'Gr]sf] :ofpaf/L 8fF8fdf cfgf]
gfddf /x]sf] !) /f]kgL hldg lgMz'Ns
pknAw u/fpg] jrg lbPsf lyP .

dflyNnf] x'UbL hnljB'ts\ f] pTkfbg kmfu'gb]lv

sf7df8f}+ . u'NdLsf] dflyNnf] x'UbL
hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] Joj;flos
pTkfbg 8]9 dlxgfleq ;'? x'g] ePsf]
5 . cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ clGtd
r/0fdf k'u]sfn] 8]9 dlxgfleq
Joj;flos pTkfbg ;'? x'g] k|flnn]
hgfPsf] 5 . ?? hnljB't\ kl/of]hgf
k|flnf/f k|jl4{t of] cfof]hgf g]kfnd}
klxnf] k6s ;fj{hlgslghL;fem]bf/L
;xsf/L cyf{t kLkLkL;L df]8n
] df /
hnljB't\ cfof]hgfdWo] ;a}eGbf w]/}
Psxhf/ hgf k|j4{saf6 ;'? ul/Psf]
xf] . cfof]hgfsf] kfj/ xfp; lgdf{0f,
k|zf/0f nfOg h8fg nufotsf sfd
clGtd r/0fdf /x]sfn] df3 klxnf]
;ftf 8fO 6]:6 / bf];f| ] ;ftf j]6 6]:6
u/L 8]9 dlxgfleq Joj;flos pTkfbg
;'? x'g] k|f]h]S6 Dofg]h/ uf]laGb
rfln;]n] a'6jndf ;DkGg k|flnsf] gjf}+
;fwf/0f;efdf hfgsf/L lbP . @)^(
kmfu'gdf lznfGof; ePsf] cfof]hgfsf
nflu u'NdLsf] kfsf]6 v;Ldf/fdf
kfj/xfp; -ljB't\ u[x_, x/]jf uflj;df
@) ld6/sf] afFw / OG6]s lgdf{0f ;DkGg
ePsf] rfln;]n] atfP . o:t} ## ;o
$) ld6/ kfOk la5\ofO;lsPsf] /
g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] u'NdL
aL/af;l:yt ;j:6];g;Dd hf]8g\ sf
nflu !@ lsnf]ld6/ 6fG;ld;g nfOg

hf]8g\ ] sfd (% k|ltzt k"/f ePsf]

k|fh
] S] 6 Dofg]h/ rfln;]n] atfP . clxn]
kfj/xfp;df On]S6f] d]sflgsn
OSo'kd]G6 nufotsf ;fdfgx hf]8g\ ]
sfd e}/x]sf] / afFsL /x]sf] % k|ltzt
sfd k'/f ePkl5 8]9 dlxgfleq lgoldt
ljB't\ pTkfbg ;'? ug]{ cfof]hgfsf
sfo{sf/L cWoIf lxdk|;fb kf7sn]
atfP . cfof]hgfaf6 lxp+bdf @ d]ufjf6
/ jiff{ofddf $ b]lv % d]ufjf6 ljB't\
pTkfbg x'g] 5 . s'n nfut *! s/f]8
%) nfv k}ofF /x]sf] cfof]hgfdf
xfn;Dd ^! s/f]8 $% nfv ^# xhf/
( ;o #! k}ofF nufgL ePsf] 5 . s'n
nufgLdWo] ;fx; xfO8f] kfj/ sDkgL
ln=sf] @# s/f]8 !! nfv ;GtfgAa] xhf/
tLg ;o k}ofF -*% k|ltzt_ / k|flnsf
k|aGw lgb]z
{ s ;d]t /x]sf e/t g]kfnsf]
$ s/f]8 #* nfv @ xhf/ & ;o -!%
k|ltzt_ nufgL /x]sf] 5 . hnljB't\
cfof]hgfdf sl/a Ps xhf/ hgf
nufgLstf{ k|j4{s 5g\ . k|j4{sxsf]
@& s/f]8 %) nfv k}ofF nufgL ePsf]
5 eg] afFsL /sd % j6f a}s
+ xsf]
C0f nufgL xf] . h;df lSng OghL{
8]enkd]G6 a}s
+ , s'df/L a}s
+ , df5fk'R5]
a}s
+ , leaf]/ a}s
+ / ;]Gr'/L a}s
+ sf] nufgL
/x]sf] hnljB't\ kl/of]hgfsf k|aGw
lgb]z
{ s e/t g]kfnn] atfP .

w'Gr]uf];fOs0' 8 s]an' sf/ lgdf{0f ug{ dfu

/fatOfc t]u $ 3fd nf; !&)@

PsLs[t hgqmflGt / a'4gu/sf] ;+Zn]if0f

ljZj sDo'lg:6 Oltxf;df Pp6f
k|l;4 egfO 5 qmflGtsf] k|flwsf/
/ hgdtsf] k|flwsf/ Pscfk;df
aflof] eg] cGttM sDo'lg:6n]
qmflGtsf] k| f lwsf/ /f] H g' k 5{ .
g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf sd/]8 g]qljqmd
rGb ljKnj sf] g]tT[ jdf gjul7t
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL ToxL

hg;d'bfosf] pkl:yltn] k|dfl0ft

ul/lbPsf] 5 . oxL s'/f gskf
dfcf]jfbLsf] k|yd /fli6o ;Dd]ng
bfsf] t'n;Lk'/df eJotfsf ;fy
;DkGg ePsf] k|yd /fli6o ;Dd]ngn]
klg yk k'li6 ul/;s]sf] 5 . dxfg\
hgo'4sf qmddf *) k|ltzt e"
efu sAhf ul/;s]sf] dfcf]jfbL

ljho k|fKt ul/;s]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf]

;Gbe{df pSt dfcf]syg cfh klg
plQs} ;fGble{s 5 . oltv]/ g]kfndf
qmflGt / k|ltqmflGtsf aLr eLif0f
;\3if{ eO/x]sf] 5 . qmflGtsf/Lxn]
g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] kl5Nnf] bzsdf
;xL 9\un] qmflGtsf/L kxnsbdL
lng g;Sbf tyf pgLx :jod\d
\ f

v]d yklnof
xfd|f] kf6L{ g]skfdfcf]jfbLdf nfdf] ;dob]lv j}rfl/s
ax; rNb} cfPsf] ;j{ljlbt} 5 . d'VotM g]kfnL
qmflGtnfO{ s;/L cufl8 a9fpg] / kf6L{nfO{
;j{xf/fju{sf] cu|b:tf s;/L agfpg] eGg] ljifodf xfd|f]
ax; rNb} cfPsf] xf] . o; ljifodf kf6L{leq uDeL/
dtfGt/ b]vfk/] . kbflwsf/L / kf]ln6Ao"/f]sf] a}7saf6
tL ljifo xn gePkl5 ut c;f/df /fli6o ;Dd]ng
u/L 7f]; lgisif{ lgsfNg] lg0f{o kf6L{df ePsf] lyof] .
;f]qmddf /fli6o ;Dd]ngsf nflu km/s b:tfj]hx
;d]t tof/ ePsf lyP . ha b:tfj]hx tof/ eP,
ta kf6L{ d"n g]tT[ jaf6 cfZro{hgs kdf
;Dd]ngnfO{ /f]Sg] k|:tfj cfof] . To;kl5 kf6L{df g\
cGof}ntf / csd{Gotf a9\b} uof] . kf6L{sf] uTofj/f]w tf]8g\ sf nflu clGtd k|oTg :jk xfdL &
d\l;/ @)&! sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] k"0f{ a}7sdf ;xefuL ePsf lyof}F t/ ls/0fnufotsf sd/]8xsf]
e"ldsfn] kf6L{sf] uTofj/f]w g\ a9\g] :ki6 b]lvof] . o;/L nfdf] ;dob]lv sfod /x]sf] uTofj/f]w
tf]8g\ g;Sg] / cGof}ntf a9\b} hfg] :ki6 eof] . sd/]8 ls/0fsf] g]tT[ jdf kf6L{ cufl8 a9\g g;Sg] /
ju{ ;\3if{sf] g]tT[ j ug{ g;Sg] lgisif{;lxt cfh -* d\l;/ @)&! n]=_ sf ldltb]lv sd/]8 ls/0fsf]
g]tT[ j;Fu ;DaGw ljR5]b u/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}F . of] ;Gbe{n] sd/]8 ls/0f cfkm}F unt, k"jf{uf| xL /
dgf]utdf uDeL/ kdf km:b} hfg'ePsf] :ki6 x'G5 .
ca xfd|f] ;fd'Gg] k|ltqmflGt / /fi63ftsf lj?4 k|lt/f]w ;\3if{ ug{] ljifo k|wfg eP/ plePsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng, kf6L{ tyf g]tT[ jdf cfPsf] uDeL/ ljrngn] hgtf tyf sfo{stfdf ljZjf;sf]
cefj v8f ePsf] 5 . xfdLn] of] cljZjf;nfO{ ljZjf;df abNg cfjZos 5 . of] ljZjf; cfh{g
ug]{ s'/f s'/fdf xf]Og, sfdn] dfq l;h{gf ug{ ;St5 . cfGbf]ngdf ljZjf; cfh{g ug]{ s'/fsf] 7"nf]
dxTj sod u/]sf] x'G5 . lxhf] hgtfsf] ljZjf;sf] cfwf/df ;\3if{ cufl8 a9]sf] lyof] . lg/fzf /
csd{0otfnfO{ lrl/Psf] lyof] . uTofj/f]ws kvf{nx eTsfOPsf] lyof] . ca km]l/ klg ;f]xL
lsl;dsf] l:kl/6 sfod ug{ cfjZos 5 . o;sf lglDt dfcf]n] xfdLnfO{ l;sfPsf 5g\ kf6L{
eg]sf] ;j{xf/fju{sf] cu|b:tf xf] / ;j{xf/fjfbL ;\u7gsf] pRrtd k xf] . o;n] c ;a}
;\u7gxnfO{ g]tT[ j ug'k{ b{5 h:tf] ;]gf, ;/sf/ / hg;\u7gx . kf6L{n] ;j{xf/fju{sf cGo
;a} ;\u7gxnfO{ g]tT[ j ug'k{ b{5 . o;f] gu/] ;j{xf/fju{sf] ;\3if{ ljhoL aGg ;Sb}g . of] s'/f
xfd|f] ;Gbe{df klg nfu" x'g] s'/f xf] . o;f] ug{ ;s] xfdL k|ltqmflGt / /fi63ftsf lj?4 ;\3if{ ug{
;Sg]5f}F / ljhoL klg aGg]5f}F .
qmflGtsf] k|flwsf/sf] /f]hfO xf] . oxL
s'/f cfh g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts If]qdf
ljz]iftM dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngdf nfu'
ePsf] 5 . k|r08f/f g]tT[ j ul/Psf]
PsLs[t dfcf]jfbL, ls/0ff/f g]t[Tj
ul/Psf] g]skfdfcf]jfbL c;kmn
x'gs
' f] d'Vo sf/0f g} qmflGtsf] k|flwsf/
/ hgdtsf] k|flwsf/sf aLrdf
tfnd]n ldnfpg g;Sg' g} xf] .
kmn:jk oxL s'/fnfO{ Wofg lbFb}
sd/]8 ljKnjf/f g]t[Tj ul/Psf]
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ dfcfjfbLsf]
hGd]sf] xf] eGg] s'/f a'g' j:t'jfbL
x'g5
] . of] s;}sf] OR5f, cfsf\IffeGbf
klg Oltxf;n] ;' D k] s f] dxfg\
sfo{ef/sf] k|ltlaDag xf] . qmflGt,
hgdt / Oltxf;sf] s'/fnfO{ ofFs/]
hf] sf]xL klg cl3 a9\5 eg] To:tf]
g] t [ T j / JolStnfO{ hgtfsf]
cfGbf]ngn] ofFlslbg]5g\ cyf{t\ tL
JolStJolStn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] kf6L{
k5fl8 kg] { 5 g\ . cfh k| r 08
ls/0fx k5fl8 kg{ uPsf 5g\ .
o;cl3 df]xgljqmd l;+xxsf] oxL
xljut ePsf] lyof] . s]xL zlSt
clxn] klg dfcf]jfbLnfO{ 3]/faGbL
u/]/ l;Wofpg nfluk/]sf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ t;f{P/ jf 3fOt] af3
agfP/ hgtfsf a} / L sf\ u | ] ;
Pdfn]sf tyfslyt ;+;b\ / ltgsf
g]tfn] 7"nf] d"No cjZo r'sfpg'kg]5
{ .
of] s'/f g]skf dcf]jfbLn] sf7df8f}s
F} f]
v'nfd~rdf cfof]hgf u/]sf] !@@ cf}F
dfcf] lbj;df pkl:yt xhf/f} F

zlStnfO{ gh/cGbfh ug]{ xf] eg]

g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsf cfufdL lbgx
c} uDeL/ df]8df k'Ug] lglZrt
5 . clxn] ;Qf;Lg bnxn] slyt
ax'dtsf] cfwf/df hglj/f]wL ;+ljwfg
hf/L ug{ vf]Hb}5g\ . of] ;+ljwfg;ef
hgtfsf] xf]Og, of] k|ltlqmofjfbLxsf]
cv8f xf] . To;}n] ca qmflGtsf/L
zlStsf] g]t[Tjdf hgtfn] ;\3if{sf]
df] r f{ ;DxfNg' k g] { ePsf] 5 .
hgd'lStsf] dxfcleofgdf ePsf]
dxfg\ alnbfgaf6 k| f Kt ePsf
pknlAwxsf] /Iff ub} { nlIft
uGtJodf k'Ug ;Rrf dfcf]jfbLx
Psl9Ssf eP/ cufl8 a9\gs
' f] s'g}
ljsNk 5}g . lxhf] dxfg\ hgo'4sf]
g]tT[ j u/]/ cfPsf zLif{:y g]tfxdf
cfPsf] eofgs ljrng,
k|ltlqmofjfbLxsf] dfcf]jfbL lj?4sf]
3]/faGbL tyf ;xL qmflGtsf/Lxsf]
gofF qmflGtsf/L kxnsbdLnfO{ x]bf{
g]kfnL /fhgLltsf cfufdL lbgx
eo\s/ py'nk'ynsf/L x'g] s'/fdf
s'g} z\sf 5}g .
dfcf]n] cfgf] b]zdf eO/x]sf]
qmflGtsf] ;Gbe{ eg]sf 5g\ clxn]
ljZjdf b'O{ lsl;dsf xfjf rn]sf
5g\ Pp6f k'j]{nL xfjf / csf]{
klZrdL xfjf . lrlgofF syg cg';f/
ls t k"js
{ f] xfjfn] klZrdsf] xfjfnfO{
k/flht u5{, ls t klZrdsf] xfjfn]
k"j{sf] xfjfnfO{ k/flht u5{ . d]/f]
ljrf/df jt{dfg kl/l:yltsf] rl/q
x]bf{ k"js
{ f] xfjfn] klZrdsf] xfjfdfly

cfPsf] j}rfl/s tyf /fhgLlts

ljrngsf sf/0f k|ltqmflGt xfjL x'g]
vt/f k|jn aGb}5 . o:tf] a]nf
k|ltqmflGtsf lj?4 hgtfn] ;zSt
k|lt/f]wL ;\3if{ ug's
{ f] s'g} ljsNk
x'bF g} . To;}n] ca g]kfnL /fhgLltsf]
kl5Nnf] gsf/fTds lj/f;tnfO{
pN6\ofpFb} k|lt/f]w ;\3if{nfO{ dfly
p7fpg cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . of]
cfjZostfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ g]skf
dfcf]jfbLn] cfgf] cleofg klg
k| f /De ul/;s] s f] 5 . g] k fnL
/fhgLltdf l7s olta] n f
k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qf hgtfsf] g/;+xf/
ug]{ of]hgf a'lg/x]sf] 5 . p;nfO{
afXzlStn] /fd|/L g} 9f8; lbPsf]
s'/f hf] sf]xLnfO{ klg /fd|/L g} yfxf
ePsf] ljifo xf] . of] ;Qfn] ef/tLo
lj:tf/jfb
/
cd] l /sL
;fd|fHojfbLxsf lgb]z
{ gdf ca'3/} j
aGbLvfgfdf cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbL
;]gfn] lbPsf] oftgf h:t}, lxhf]
hgo' 4 sfndf ljleGg axfgfdf
g]kfnsf ;'/Iff lgsfosf dfG5]xn]
lbPsf qm"/eGbf q"m/ oftgf h:t}
oftgf g]kfnL qmflGtsf/L, b]zeSt
tyf kl/jt{gsfdL hgtfnfO{ lbg] s'/f
lglZrt /x]sf] 5 . dxfg\ cleofgdf
nfda4 qmflGtsf/Ln], of] kl/jt{gsf/L
cleofgnfO{ ;sf/fTds ;f]r /fVg]
hgtf o; lsl;dsf] kl/l:yltsf]
lglDt klg dfgl;s kdf tof/ /xg
cfjZos 5 . o'4qmflGt eg]sf]
dgf]j1} flgs s'/f klg xf] . hf] dfgl;s

kdf b'Zdgsf lj?4 n8\g tof/

x'G5 . pm slxNo} klg k/flht aGg
;St}g . of] s'/f lxhf] xfdLn] hgo'4sf]
a]nfdf klg b]lv;s]sf 5f}F . dxfg\
dfS;{n] eg] h:t} ljZjsf] JofVof dfq}
7"nf] s'/f xf]Og, abNg' rflxF 7"nf]
s'/f xf] . xfdLn] abNg] ofqfsf] yfngL
ug{ cfjZos 5 . xfdLn]
k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfsf lj?4 wSsf lbg]
cleofgsf] k|f/De ug'k{ g]{ cfjZostf
/x]sf] 5 . To;sf] lglDt xfdL ;a}
lsl;dn] tof/ /xg'kg]{ x'G5 . of]
tof/L clxn] g]skf dfcf]jfbLn]
ul//x] s f] 5 . xfdLn] 7f] ;
kl/l:yltsf] 7f]; ljZn]if0f ubf{
dfn]dfjfbsf] hudf plePsf] g]kfnL
;dfhsf] kl5Nnf] ljz]iftfdf cfwfl/t
PsLs[t hgqmflGt sf] k|:tfjgfn]
g]kfndf hgjfbL qmflGtsf] sfo{ef/
k'/f x'g] ljZjf; Jofks aGb} uPsf]
s'/f ca s'g} z\sf 5}g . g]kfnL
qmflGtsf] afFsL sfo{ef/ k"/f ug]{u/L
sf] l /Psf] PsLs[ t hgqmflGt
l;4fGtn] cGt/f{ l i6 o sDo' l g:6
cfGbf]ngdf ;d]t ;sf/fTds k|efj
kfg]{ dfS;{jfbL ljZn]ifsxsf] 7x/
/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] lglDt >d, cfsf\Iff
/ ;fd"lxs k|of;sf] snfTds k|:t'lt
x'g cfjZos 5 . ;fy}, sd/]8xdf
gofF cg'el" tsf ;fy Jo:ttf, pT;fx
x'g klg cfjZos 5 .
g] s kfdfcf] j fbLaf6 ;DaGw
ljR5]b u/]/ sd/]8 ljKnjsf] g]tT[ jdf
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL
lgdf{0f eO;s]kl5 lxhf] ;\u} sd
u/]sf ;xof]4fx klg b'jl} t/ afFl8g'
:jfefljs xf] t/ ;fdflhs ;~hfn
nufotsf ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWoddf
Pscsf{kl| t lxnf] 5\ofKg] u/L ePsf
6Lsf l6Kk0fLn] j}rfl/s ax;nfO{
cf]n
] df kfb}{ ljiffofGt/0f x'g] vt/f
/x]sf] s'/fdf s'g} z\sf 5}g .
/fhgLlt s;}sf] lghL dfldnf xf]Og,
of] ljrf/sf] k|Zg xf] . of] cufl8
a9\g] ls ga9\g] eGg] k|Zg xf] . d"n
kdf of] dxfg\ hgo'4sf] sfo{ef/
s;n] / s;/L k"/f ug]{ eGg] k|Zg
xf] . of] k|ltqmflGt / /fi63ftsf lj?4
;\3if{ ug]{ s'/f klg xf] . To;}n] xfd|f
k| x f/sf lgzfgf k| l tlqmofjfbL
lzlj/lt/ ;f]ofpg'kg]{df cfk"m
cfk" m df
;Qf] / fk
ubf{
k|ltqmflGtsf/LxnfO{ ;xfotf k'Ug]
ub{5 . cfgf] ju{nfO{ gf]S;fg k'Ug]
u/L a}/LxnfO{ kmfObf k'Ug] sfd s'g}
klg a'l4dfg\ qmflGtsf/Lxn] ug'{
plrt x' F b } g . kl/jt{ g sf/Lx,
qmflGtsf/Lx j}rfl/s ax;b]lv
slxNo} klg 8/fpFb}gg\ . pgLx
ef}lts, dfgl;s tyf j}rfl/s kdf
b'Zdgsf lj?4 n8\g ;b}j tof/
x'G5g\ . n8]/ klg cfPsf x'g\ .
ef} l ts kdf n8\ g tof/ x' g ]
zlStx j}rfl/s ax;df hf]l;t
hltv]/ klg tof/ /xg] s'/fnfO{ rflxF
qmflGtsf/Lxn] slxNo} e'Ng'x'Fb}g .
of] s'/f k|ltw|a' Lo zlStn] a]nd} f Wofg
lbFbf pko'St x'G5 . of] s'/f sd/]8
ls/0fxn] klg Wofg lbg cfjZos
5 . kf6L{ ljefhgsf] kL8fn] pxfFxdf
ljz]if 56k6L b]vfk/]sf] 5 h'g s'/f
:jfefljs klg xf] t/ olta]nf pxfFx
klg ;+oldt x'g h?/L 5 . pxfFxn]
klg Psk6s cfgf] af/] d f
cfTd;dLIff ug{ cfjZos 5 .
pxfFx j:t'ut kl/:yltaf6 lgs}
6f9f hfFb} x'gx' G' 5 . kl5Nnf lbgxdf
a'4gu/af6 h'g lsl;dsf ljZn]if0f
;+Zn]if0f ul/Psf] 5, tL s'/fx
c;fWo} lgs[i6 /x]sf 5g\ . of] s'/f
pxfFxnfO{ k6Ss} ;'xfpg] s'/f xf]Og .
kf6L{ ljefhgkl5 sd/]8 ls/0f
dgf]ut ljZn]if0fdf km:b} hfg'ePsf]
5 . sd/]8 ls/0fn] g]t[Tj ug'{ePsf]
g]skfdfcf]jfbLn] sd/]8 g]qljqmd
rGb ljKnj nfO{ jfd vf]n cf]9s
] f]

blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfb eg]/ h'g

ls6fgL ul/Psf] 5, Tof] ls6fgL
g]kfnsf] sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf cgy{
ls6fgL xf] . cu|ufdL / qmflGtsf/L
kxnsf lj?4 a'4gu/sf] of] ;+Zn]if0f
k'/fk"/ unt, k"jf{u|fxL / dgf]ut 5
clg u}/dfS;{jfbL 5g\ .
kf6L{ ljefhgaf/] sd/]8 ljKnjn]
g]t[Tj u/]sf] g]skf dfcf]jfbL o;f]
eG5 xfd|f] kf6L{ g]skfdfcf]jfbLdf
nfdf] ;dob]lv j}rfl/s ax; rNb}
cfPsf] ;j{ljlbt} 5 . d'VotM g]kfnL
qmflGtnfO{ s;/L cufl8 a9fpg] /
kf6L{nfO{ ;j{xf/fju{sf] cu|b:tf s;/L
agfpg] eGg] ljifodf xfd|f] ax; rNb}
cfPsf] xf] . o; ljifodf kf6L{leq
uDeL/ dtfGt/ b]vfk/] . kbflwsf/L
/ kf]ln6Ao"/f]sf] a}7saf6 tL ljifo
xn gePkl5 ut c;f/df /fli6o
;Dd]ng u/L 7f]; lgisif{ lgsfNg]
lg0f{o kf6L{df ePsf] lyof] . ;f]qmddf
/fli6 o ;Dd] n gsf nflu km/s
b:tfj]hx ;d]t tof/ ePsf lyP .
ha b:tfj]hx tof/ eP, ta kf6L{
d"n g]t[Tjaf6 cfZro{hgs kdf
;Dd]ngnfO{ /f]Sg] k|:tfj cfof] .
To;kl5 kf6L{df g\ cGof}ntf /
csd{ G otf a9\ b } uof] . kf6L{ s f]
uTofj/f]w tf]8\gsf nflu clGtd
k|oTg :jk xfdL & d\l;/ @)&!
sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] k"0f{ a}7sdf
;xefuL ePsf lyof} F t/
ls/0fnufotsf sd/] 8 xsf]
e"ldsfn] kf6L{sf] uTofj/f]w g\ a9\g]
:ki6 b]lvof] . o;/L nfdf] ;dob]lv
sfod /x]sf] uTofj/f]w tf]8g\ g;Sg]
/ cGof}ntf a9\b} hfg] :ki6 eof] .
sd/]8 ls/0fsf] g]tT[ jdf kf6L{ cufl8
a9\g g;Sg] / ju{ ;\3if{sf] g]t[Tj
ug{ g;Sg] lgisif{;lxt cfh -*
d\l;/ @)&! n]=_ sf ldltb]lv
sd/]8 ls/0fsf] g]t[Tj;Fu ;DaGw
ljR5]b u/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}F .
of] ;Gbe{n] sd/]8 ls/0f cfkm}F unt,
k"jf{u|fxL / dgf]utdf uDeL/ kdf
km:b} hfg'ePsf] :ki6 x'G5 .
ca xfd|f] ;fd'Gg] k|ltqmflGt /
/fi63ftsf lj?4 k|lt/f]w ;\3if{ ug{]
ljifo k|wfg eP/ plePsf] 5 .
dfcf] j fbL cfGbf] n g, kf6L{ tyf
g]t[Tjdf cfPsf] uDeL/ ljrngn]
hgtf tyf sfo{stfdf ljZjf;sf]
cefj v8f ePsf] 5 . xfdLn] of]
cljZjf;nfO{ ljZjf;df abNg
cfjZos 5 . of] ljZjf; cfh{g ug]{
s'/f s'/fdf xf]Og, sfdn] dfq l;h{gf
ug{ ;St5 . cfGbf]ngdf ljZjf;
cfh{g ug]{ s'/fsf] 7"nf] dxTj sod
u/]sf] x'G5 . lxhf] hgtfsf] ljZjf;sf]
cfwf/df ;\3if{ cufl8 a9]sf] lyof] .
lg/fzf / csd{0otfnfO{ lrl/Psf] lyof] .
uTofj/f]ws kvf{nx eTsfOPsf] lyof] .
ca km]l/ klg ;f]xL lsl;dsf] l:kl/6
sfod ug{ cfjZos 5 . o;sf lglDt
dfcf]n] xfdLnfO{ l;sfPsf 5g\ kf6L{
eg]sf] ;j{xf/fju{sf] cu|b:tf xf] /
;j{xf/fjfbL ;\u7gsf] pRrtd k
xf] . o;n] c ;a} ;\u7gxnfO{
g]tT[ j ug'k{ b{5 h:tf] ;]gf, ;/sf/ /
hg;\u7gx . kf6L{n] ;j{xf/fju{sf
cGo ;a} ;\u7gxnfO{ g]t[Tj
ug'k{ b{5 . o;f] gu/] ;j{xf/fju{sf] ;\3if{
ljhoL aGg ;Sb}g . of] s'/f xfd|f]
;Gbe{df klg nfu" x'g] s'/f xf] . o;f]
ug{ ;s] xfdL k|ltqmflGt / /fi63ftsf
lj?4 ;\3if{ ug{ ;Sg]5f}F / ljhoL
klg aGg] 5 f} F . To;} n ] Psk6s
k|ltqmflGt / /fi63ftsf lj?4 k|lt/f]w
;\3if{ ug{ tof/ xf]cf}F . k|lt/f]w
;\3if{nfO{ dfly p7fcf}F . k|lt/f]w
;\ i f{ n fO{ dfly p7fpg kf6L{ d f
;j{xf/fjfbL cg'zf;g sfod ug{
h?/L x'G5 lsgeg] cfh kf6L{ tyf
cfGbf]ngdf ;a}eGbf a9L v6\lsPsf]
ljifo eg]sf] cg'zf;g xf] . Tof]eGbf
klg a9L v6\lsPsf] ljifo ;f+:s[lts

kIf xf] . c;n ;f+:s[lts rl/q tyf

juL{o cg'zf;g gePsf] kf6L{n]
cfgf] nlIft uGtJodf k'Ug ;St}g .
sfo{ l bzf ;xL x' F b fx' F b } klg
cg'zf;gxLgtfn] Tof] ljv08gsf]
ut{ d f hflsg k' U 5 . kf6L{
cg'zf;gsf ljifodf n]lggn] klg
uDeL/ kxn lnPsf lyP . pgn]
sDo' l g:6 kf6L{ s f] cg' z f;gaf/]
eg]sf lyP != kf6L{sf] qmflGtk|ltsf]
lgi7f, cfTdalnbfg / jL/tf @=
hgtf;Fu} Psfsf/ x'g] p;sf] Ifdtf
#= g]t[Tjsf] ;xLkgf . of] s'/fnfO{
xfdLn] uDeL/tfk"js
{ Vofn ug}k{ b{5 .
xfd|f] cfGbf]ngsf cfg} cg'ej /
n]lggsf pSt egfOnfO{ kf6L{sf]
Jofjxfl/s hLjgdf nfu" ug{ ;s]
ljho ;lGgs6 plePsf] 5 . of]
s'/fnfO{ lsg klg hf]8 ul/Psf] xf]
eg] ;a} e Gbf e| i 6frf/ lj/f] w L,
;a}eGbf ;fd'lxstfjfbL, ;a}eGbf
v'nf / :ki6, ;a}eGbf ef}ltsjfbL
eGg] sDo'lg:6 ljrf/ / gLlt xf] t/
cfh sDo'lg:6 g]tfx g} ;a}eGbf
e| i 6frf/L, ;a} e Gbf JolStjfbL,
;aeGbf ;fF3'/f, ;aeGbf c:ki6
5g\ . g]kfnsf sDo'lg:6x u}/
sDo' l g:6xn] klg gug] { sfd
ug{ ; d] t yfn] s f 5g\ . o;af6
dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ / ltgsf g]tfx klg
c5'tf] 5}gg\ . sDo'lg:6 sDo'lg:6
h:tf] x'g'kg]{df, dfcf]jfbL dfcf]jfbL
h:tf] x'g'kg]{df cs}{ cs}{ h:tf] x'g
yfn] s f] b] l vF b } 5 . dfcf] j fbL
cfGbf]ngsf] of] gofF s8Ldf dfcf]jfbL
ljrf/, l;4fGt, bz{g / Jojxf/sf
cfwf/df pRrtfaf]w u/fpg'kg]{
cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . To;sf/0f
cfhsf] cfjZostf eg]sf] jf:tljs
sDo'lg:6 cyf{t\ dfcf]jfbL aGg] /
agfpg] cleofgsf] yfngL klg xf] .
cGtdf olt dfq egf}F hfu
cfgf df]x / lgb|fx Tofu hf]l;t
ltdL o; cFWof/f] 38Ldf dfu{bz{gsf]
ck]Iff /fv]sf 5f}, To;sf] xftdf
;flxTosf] d;fn 5}g . qmflGtsf]
d;fn 5}g . s]jn lgle;s]/ cln
cln k'QfO/x]sf] cu'N6f] dfq 5 .
;a} ;a} l/lQs} uPsf] olta]nf sf]xL
sf]xL cfTdk|z;
+ fdf /dfO/x]sf 5g\ .
jf:tjdf pm dl/;s]sf] 5 . hf]l;t
ltdL hLjg, ;\3if{ / l;h{gsf
Crfx ;'Gg rfxG5f}} . pm t s]jn
f/f/ / '/'/ ug{ dfq ;St5 .
hf]l;t ltdL gofF ;\3if{sf] cfXjfgsf]
cfzf ul//x]sf 5f} . h;dfly lgl:qmo
/ ultxLg ljrf/sf nf;x
s'lx/xG5g\ . o;af6 ;sf/fTds
ck]Iff ug'{ a]sf/ 5 . j+zavfg
xf]Og, hgtfsf Tofu, alnbfg /
;f}o{sf] uLt ufpm . kf6L{, gLlt /
g]t[Tjsf] Jofkf/ aGb u/ . qmflGtsf]
sf]lknf aGg gkfpFb} s]xL /fhgLlts
Jofkf/Lx To;sf] df]ntf]ndf u8f
ul//x]sf 5g\ . oL ljifo lgs} uDeL/
5g\ . PsLs[t hgqmflGtn] Jofks
kdf ljZjf; cfh{g ub}{ uPsf]
olta]nf o;sf] lj?4 a'4gu/sf]
;+Zn]if0f lgs} uDeL/ / 3fts /x]sf
5g\ . sd/] 8 ls/0f / pxfF s f]
x]8Sjf6{/sf] cleJolSt lgs} uDeL/
k|sl[ tsf 5g\ . pxfFxsf] ;+Zn]if0fnfO{
g]kfnsf qmflGtsf/LdfS;{jfbLxn]
uDeL/ kdf lnPsf 5g\ / lng'
klg kb{5 . To;}n] a'4gu/sf] Tof]
;+Zn]if0f vf/]h u/f}F . ju{ kIfw/tf
/ ju{ b[ l i6sf] 0 fdf :ki6 eP/
qmflGtsf/L cfzfjfbsf ;fy cl3
k9f}F . o'h]g kf]Q/sf] cGt/f{li6o
uLtsf] of] c+z klg dgg u/f}F M
p7, hfu P ef]sf gf\uf, hfu ;+;f/sf b'MvL
;'Gb/ ;+;f/ /rgf ug{ Gofosf] nflu uhL{
afFWg] 5}g k/Dk/fsf] ;f\nf]n] hfu P >lds xf]
gofF hudf k[YjL p7\g]5 ;+;f/ xfd|f] x'g]5
of] clGtd o'4 xf], cfcfgf] 7fpFdf 86f}F
dflg;sf] cGt/f{li6o hflt x'g]5 .

;+;f/sf ;a}eGbf vt/gfs s's'/x?

sf7df8f} F . s' s ' / dflg;sf]

;a}eGbf akmfbf/ ;fyL dflgG5
To;sf/0f o;nfO{ w]/}h;f] dflg;n]
cfgf] 3/df kfNg] ub{5g\ . s's'/sf
ljleGg k|hflt kfOg] ul/G5 h;dWo]
y'k}| k|hflt lgs} vt/gfs x'g] ub{5,
olt eofgs ls kne/df g} o;n]
s;}sf] klg Hofg lng] ub{5 . cfh
xfdL tkfO{+nfO{ !) o:tf s's'/sf]
k|hfltsf] af/]df atfpFb} 5f}F hf]
vt/f dx;'; ePsf] s]xL ;]s]G8df
g} dflg;sf] Hofg lng] ub{5g\ .
oLdWo] y'k}| s's/' xnfO{ kfNg aGb]h
klg nufOPsf] 5 .
!= lk6 a'n M lk6 a'n k|hfltsf]
s's/' ;a}eGbf vt/gfs / cfqmfds

lsl;dsf] s' s ' / df kg] { ub{ 5 .

;+;f/e/Lsf y'k|} b]zn] oL s's'/nfO{
kfNg k|ltaGw u/]sf] 5 . oBlk,
cd]l/sf;lxt y'k}| b]zdf lk6a'nnfO{
clxn] klg kflnG5 t/ o;sf]
cfqmfds lj:kmf]6nfO{ /f]Sgsf nflu
Rofjs / plrt k| l zIf0fsf]
cfjZostf x'g] ub{5 . ;g\ @)!$
df cd]l/sfdf dfq lk6a'nsf] xdnfn]
@@ hgf dflg;sf] d[To' ePsf] k'li6
ePsf] 5 .
@_ /6j] N n/ M /6j] N n/
k|hfltsf] s's/' zlStzfnL x'gs
' f ;fy}
s'g} klg dflg;nfO{ lgs} l56f] 6f]Sg
kf]Vt x'g] ub{6g\ . ;g\ @)!$ df
cd]l/sfdf /6j]Nn/sf] 6f]sfOaf6
b'O{hgfsf] d[To' eO;s]sf] 5 . ToxLF,
;g\ !((# b]lv !((^ sf] lardf
cd]l/sfdf s's'/sf] 6f]sfOaf6 y'k|}
dflg;sf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] h;dWo]
y'k|} dflg;sf] d[To'sf] lhDd]jf/
/6j]Nn/ g} lyof] . of] !$^) Go"6g
cyf{t !$* lsnf]sf] bafan] s;}nfO{
6f]Sg] ub{5 .

#_ hd{ g ;] k m8{ M k' l n;sf]

s's'/sf] kdf klxrfg agfO;s]sf]
hd{g ;]km8{ ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf !)
vt/gfs s's/dWo]sf] Ps xf] . !)*
lsnf]eGbf a9L Go"6gsf] zlStsf]

k|of]u u/L o;n] xdnf ug{] ub{5

h;af6 aRg d'l:sn x'g] ub{5 .
$_ 8f] a /Dofg lkG:r/ M
8f]a/Dofg lkG:r/ k|hfltsf] s's'/
klg k'ln;n] k|of]u ug]{ s's/' x'g,\
t/ ;fwf/0f dflg;x klg o;nfO{
3/df kfNg yfn] s f] 5g\ . of]
vt/gfs s' s ' / ckl/lrt

dflg;xnfO{ b]Vg] lalQs} cfqmfds

x'g] ub{5g\ t/ cfgf] dflnsnfO{ b]Vg]
lalQs} zfGt klg x'g] ub{5g\ . o;sf]
6f] s fOaf6 ;g\ @)!! df Ps
dlxnfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] t/
To;kl5 eg] o;n] s;}nfO{ 6f]s]sf]
va/ eg] ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5}g .
%_ a' n dl:6km M a' n dl:6km
cfqmfds :jefjsf] s's/' xf] h;sf]

v'f lgs} nfdf] x'g] ub{5 . of] k|hfltsf]

s's/' sf] tf}n %% b]lv ^) lsnf]sf]
lar x'g] ub{5 . ;g\ @)!$ df
cd]l/sfsf] Go" h;L{df o;sf] 6f]sfO{n]
!# jif{sL aflnsfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
6]S;;df klg o;sf] cfqmd0fn] Ps
aRrfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
^_ x:sL M x:sL k|sf/sf] s's'/
vt/gfssf ;fy} lgs} a'l4dfg klg
x'g] ub{5 . o;nfO{ :n]h 8usf] kdf
klg lrlgg] ul/G5 . ha of] cfqmfds

cd]l/sfsf] y'k|} /fHoxdf o:tf]

k|sf/sf] s's/' kfNg lgif]w ul/Psf] 5
lsgeg] o;nfO{ h;nfO{ klg cfqmd0f

ug{;S5 . cfFs8fnfO{ dfGg] xf] eg]

o;sf] 6f] s fOn] cd] l /sfdf !$
dflg;xsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 .
(_ aS;/ M aS;/ k|hfltsf]
s's/' nfO{ lzsf/L s's/' klg elgG5 .
o;n] cfgf] alnof] ks8f/f hf] s;}nfO{
klg cfgf] lzsf/ agfpg ;Ifd x'g]
ub{5 . of] s's/' ;'/IffTds k|sf/sf]
d'8df x'G5 ta s;}sf] klg Hofg
lng ;S5 . o;sf] 6f]sfOsf sf/0f
cd]l/sfdf ;g\ !(&( b]lv !((#
sf] lardf !% dflg;sf] d[ T o'
eO;s]sf] 5 .
&_ dfnfDo" 6 M dfnfDo" 6
k|hfltsf] s's/' pQ/L cd]l/sfdf kfOg]
ub{5 . o;sf] tf}n #$ b]lv $*
lsnf]sf] lardf /xg] ub{5 . oL s's/' x
xf] . o;sf] klxrfg cfO8n s's/' sf]
kdf klg lng] ul/G5 .
!)_ u|6] 8]g M olb of] k|hfltsf]
s's/' nfO{ ;xL tl/sfsf] k|lzIf0f lbOPdf
of] ;'/Iffsf] b[li6sf]0fn] lgs} /fd|f] kfNt'
hgfj/ x'g] ub{5 t/ k|lzIf0fsf] cefjdf
of] lgs} vt/gfs ;flat x'g] ub{5 .
To;sf/0f o;nfO{ lsln dl;g sf]
gfdaf6 klg lrlgG5 . Ph]G;L
a'l4dfg, alnof] / cfqmfds lsl;dsf
x'g] ub{5g\ . o'lgel;{6L ckm 6]S;f;sf]
cg';Gwfgsf] cfwf/df ;g\ !((^ b]lv
!(*) sf] lardf o;sf] 6f]sfOaf6 %
dflg;xsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 .
*_ j'Nkm 8u xfOla|8 M s's/' x
Ajf;f]s
F f] j+zh dflgG5 . s's/' sf s]xL
k|hflt o:tf klg 5g\ h'g cfwf Ajf;f]F
/ cfwf s's/' h:tf b]lvG5g\ . o:t}df
Pp6f k|hflt 5 j'Nkm xfOla|8 .

clwsf+z g]kfnL b"lift kfgLsf] lzsf/ x]6f}8+ f cf}Bf]lus d]nf df3 & ut]bl] v

sf7df8f}+ . ;/sf/n] ;g\ @)!&

;Dd ;a} 3/df :jR5 kfgL k'ofpg]
nIo /fv] klg *@ k|ltzt hgtfn]
k|of]u ug]{ kfgLsf] ;|ft] df x}hfsf] hLjf0f'
Osf]nfO kfOPsf] 5 . /fli6o tYof+s
ljefun] u/]sf] ax';"rs ;j]{If0f
@)&)&! df o:tf] tYo kQf nfu]sf]
xf] . (# k|ltztn] k|of]u ug]{ vfg]kfgLsf]
;'wfl/Psf] ;|ft] k/LIf0f ubf{ cz'4
kfOPsf] ljefusf lgb]{zs s[i0f
t'nfw/n] hfgsf/L lbP . ;j]I{ f0fsf
qmddf 5gf]6df k/]sf kl/jf/sf] lkpg]

kfgLdf xflgsf/s lhjf0f' Osf]nfO

k/LIf0f ul/Psf] lyof] . /fli6o:t/d}
ul/Psf] of] k/LIf0fdf *@ k|ltztn]
k|of]u ug{ kfgLdf hLjf0f' kfOPsf]
t'nfw/n] atfP . uta'waf/ ;fj{hlgs
ul/Psf] ;j]I{ f0f k|lta]bgcg';f/ sl/a
^) k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/ ;b:on] dfq
;'wfl/Psf] ;'ljwf -rkL{_ k|of]u u/]sf
lyof] . dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf
3/kl/jf/ ;DaGwL tYof+s pknAw
u/fpg] ;a]{If0f sl/s !# xhf/
3/kl/jf/df ul/Psf] lyof] .

Joj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgfsf] k|lta4tf

sf7df8f}F . Joj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo g]kfnsf
@% j6f lhNNff -wg'iff, ;nf{xL, dxf]Q/L, /f}tx6, af/f, k;f{, lrtjg, wflb,
sf7df8f}F, nlntk'/, sfe]k|nf~rf]s, gjnk/f;L, tgxF', ndh', sf:sL,
:ofhf, kfNkf, kGb]xL, slknj:t', bf, ;'v]{t, afFs], alb{of, s}nfnL /
s~rgk'/_ lglb{i6 s[lif pkhxsf] d"No z[\vnfdf cfa4 ;fgf s[ifs,
s[lif Joj;foL tyf pBdLsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ ug{' /x]sf] 5 .
of] cfof]hgf @)^% >fj0faf6 ;~rflnt 5 . of] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ cfof]hgfaf6
;Dkfbg ul/g] sfo{x lgDg s'/fdf s]lGb|t x'g]5g\
!_ s[ifs ;d"x / ;xsf/L ;+:yfxnfO{ nfek|b ahf/d'vL pTkfbgdf
;xefuL x'g ;xof]u ug{] . ;fy} cfjZos k|ljlw, ;"rgf, ;]jf / ;fj{hlgs
k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yfdfkm{t\ ahf/df kxF'r / s[lif Joj;fo cfa4tfdf
;'wf/ Nofpg] .
@_ d"No z[\vnfsf] b[li6n] pTkfbs, Jofkf/L, k|zf]wgstf{ / cGo
;/f]sf/jfnfxnfO{ ;d]t ;d]6L pBf]udf cfwfl/t ;fem]bf/Ltfsf] ljsf;
ug{] .
#_ s[lif / vfB Jofkf/df ljBdfg afwf Jojwfg 36fpg] Pj+ s[ifsx /
s[lif Joj;foLxsf] bIftf clej[l4 ub{} cfGtl/s Pj+ cGt/f{li6o
ahf/sf] u'0f:t/ cg'ksf] :jR5 / :j:y vfB j:t'xsf] pTkfbg
ug{ ;xof]u ug{] .
;Nnf3f/L, dxf/fhuGh, sf7df8f}F
kmf]g M (&&)!$)!&&^%, ofS; M (&&)!$#&#@#^
Email:mail@pact.gov.np,Website:www.pact.gov.np

sf7df8f}+ . /fli6o lgdf{0f tyf

cf}Bf]lus Jofkf/ d]nf df3 & ut]bv
] L
x]6f}8+ fdf z'? x'g] cfof]hsn] hgfPsf]
5 . d]nfsf] tof/Lsf qmddf ljleGg
;ldlt / pk;ldltxn] cfgf] sfdnfO{
lta|tf lbPsf] d]nfsf ;+of]hs Pj+
lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;+3 dsjfgk'/sf
cWoIf cfgGb/fd k/fh'nLn] hfgsf/L

lbP . x]6f}8+ fsf] x'kf| rf}/df x'g] d]nfdf

/flvg] afn pBfg tyf dgf]/~hgfTds
:6nx lgdf{0fsf] tof/L z'? ePsf] 5
eg] d]nfsf] :6n lgdf{0f sfo{ klg z'?
eO{;s]sf] ;+of]hs k/fh'nLn] atfP .
d]nfdf csf]{ cfsif{0fsf] kdf /x]sf]
cfO8n cl8;g @ ut] x'g] ;+of]hs
lbks zdf{ 9sfnn] hfgsf/L lbP .

;f/f g]kfnL ldn]/ cGofo,

cTofrf/sf] lj?4df n8\gk' 5{ /
o:tf] cGofo, cTofrf/af6 d'Qm
x'gk' 5{ eGg] cfhsf] dfunfO{
xfdL ;a}n] a'g'kb{5 .

g] k fn ;/sf/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;"rgf ljefu

/fatOfc t]u $ 3fd nf; !&)@

ko{6g ljz]if
ko{6gsf] s]Gb| aGb} ;'lnrf}/
sf7df8f}F . n'l+ u| gbLsf] lsgf/df cal:yt /f]Nkfsf] ;'lnrf}/ ;'Gb/
u|fdL0f zx/ xf], bfFofafFof ledsfo kxf8 clg gbLsf] vf]r
F df k|sl[ tn] klg
n'sfdf/L v]n] h:tf]] efg x'G5, klxnf] kfOnf 6]Sg] cltlynfO{ Tof] zx/df .
:jb]zL tyf ljb]zL cfuGt'ssf] cfjfthfjtsf] rfk x'g] ub{5, jif]g{ L h]naf
yaf / ufd nufPsf P]ltxfl;s ufFpdf k'Ug] cfuGt'sxsf] . ;8sdfu{
xf];\ rfx] k}bndfu{sf] dfWodaf6 ufFp 3'Dg rfxg] ko{6sxn] klxnf] /ft
latfpg] :yfg eg] /f]Nkfsf] ;'lnrf}/ g} xf] . ko{6ssf nflu ;'/lIft af;sf]
uGtJo dflgg] ;'lnrf}/ P]ltxfl;s ufFp yaf, h]naf, ;'g5x/L ufd
nufotsf :yfgsf] cWoog / cjnf]sgstf{sf] plrt af;:yfg aGb} cfPsf]
5 . /f]Nkf ;b/d'sfd lnafb]lv ;8sb'/Ln] @( lsnf]ld6/ k"jd{ f kg{]
u|fdL0f zx/ ;'lnrf}/ u|fdL0f ko{6g cfwf/ If]q aGb} uPsf] 5 . kf}/fl0fs
syf cg';f/ ;'j0{ ffjtL gfdn] lrlgg] n'l+ u| gbLsf] lr;f] jxfj clg vf]r
F leqsf]
cfsif{s a:tLn] ko{6ssf] dg To;} klg nf]Eofpg] ub{5 .
Ps tfsf ljZj g} ysf{pg] u/L o'4sf] wfjf af]Ng] chDj/L kxf8
hnhnf, To;}sf] sfvdf cjl:yt /ftf dfG5] hGdfpg] yaf / /utdf
n6kl6P/ ePklg d'lSt vf]Hg] h]nafLsf] cGt/syf vf]Hg] cWoogstf{sf]
nflu klxnf] af; a:g] plrt uGtJo xf] ;'lnrf}/ . n'+lu| gbL;Fu n'sfdf/L
v]ln/x]sf] u|fdL0f zx/ ;'lnrf}/ o'4 cl3 o'4sf] a]nf / o'4kl5 klg
ko{6ssf] dfg;k6ndf 3'ld/xg] ;'Gb/ gu/ ag]sf] 5 eGbf km/s kb}{g .
hnhnf;Fu n'sfdf/L v]Ng] ko{6ssf nflu xf];\ rfx] yaf / h]nafsf]
du/ ;+:s[ltdf /Dg]xsf nflu klxnf] cfwf/ If]q ;'lnrf}/ gbLsf] vf]r
F leq
n's]/ ko{6ssf] lrof] ul//x]sf] 5 . /f]Nkfsf] Jokf/Ls s]Gb|sf] kdf
:yflkt ;'Gb/ ufFpn] zx/ ;'lnrf}/ o'4 ko{6g xf]; of ;f+:s[lts ko{6g;Fu}
vlgh ;Dkbfsf] cg';Gwfg ug{rfxg] cg';Gwfgstf{sf nflu klg ;'/lIft
af;:yfg xf] . bfsf] efn'afb]lv &* lsnf]ld6/ ;8s ofqf to u/] k'Ug
;lsg] ;'lnrf}/ lgs} cfs{ifs u|fdL0f zx/ ePsf]df s;}sf] ljdlt 5}g .
;'lnrf}/af6 @@ lsnf]ld6/ ;8s kf/ u/L ko{6s zflGtufFp h]naf k'Ug]
u/]sf 5g\ . sRrL ;8sdf 3'O{+lsb} k|s[ltsf] ljr/0f ug{rfxg] ko{6sn]
h]nafdf o'4sf] sf/0f / kl/0ffdsf] cWoog cg';Gwfg ug{;S5g\ . o;sf]
;fy} vfgLsf] ufFp ePsf]n] vfgLsf] cWoog cg';Gwfg;Fu} oxfFsf] du/
;+:s[ltdf /dfpg ;S5g\ xf]d:6]df af; a;]/ . ToxfFsf] af;kl5 yafx'Fb}
hnhnfsf] r'r'/f]df k'u]/ k"j{Q/ / klZrdlt/ km}lnPsf lxdlzv/xsf]
c+ufnf] dfb}{ ko{6s cjnf]sg ug{] ub{5g\ . u[iddf km"Ng] ;of} /L km"nx;Fu
n'sfdf/L v]Ng] u5{g\ ko{6sx . oltdfq xf]Og yafdf klg du/ ;+:s[lt
/ o'4 ko{6gsf] cjnf]sg x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . du/xsf] cltlyb]jf] ejMsf]
;Tsf/n] ToxfF k'Ug] ko{6snfO{ n agfFp5 .
6l] s Ph]G;L; P;f]l;P;g ckm g]kfn 6fgn] ;'lnrf}/b]lv h]nafx'bF }
yaf clg hnhnf kxf8;Ddsf] ?6 lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . :ju{f/L cfpg]
ko{6snfO{ klg df08jL / ;'j0{ fjtLsf] ;+ud:yn rt'e{ h
' df cjnf]sg u/fpFb}
;'lnrf}/df af; clg yaf k'/fpg ;lsG5 . oBkL ;/sf/L txaf6 ;8sdfu{
k}bn dfu{sf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug{;s] ;'lnrf}/nfO{ ko{6g cfwf/ If]qsf]
kdf cem} ljsf; ug{;lsG5 . ;'lnrf}/ ko{6g cfwf/ If]q clg h]naf,
yaf, ufd nufPsf P]ltxfl;s ufFp clg hnhnf kxf8nfO{ ko{6s uGtJo
If]qsf] ljsf; / la:tf/ ug{;lsg] ko{6g hfgsf/x atfFp5g\ .
To;}u/L ;'lnrf}/b]lv km"G6Lafsf] af6f] to u/] !% lsnf]ld6/ ;8s
kf/ u/] :o"/Ldf cjl:yt ;'g5x/Lsf] cjnf]sg ug{;lsG5 . ;b}j OGb|0] fLsf]
/ 5l//xg] ;'g5x/Lsf] 55 k|sl[ tdf /Dg] ko{6snfO{ df]lxt agfpg]
ub{6 . :o"/L uflj;df kg{] ;'g5x/L ledsfo kxf8nfO{ l5rf]Nb} ;'j0{ ffjtLdf
ldl;g cfFp5 . k|fs[lts kn] dfq xf]Og ;'g5x/L ;'gsf] vfgL ePsf]
cg';Gwfgaf6 yfxf x'g cfPsf] 5 . kf]afb]lv k}bndfu{ nfu] x/fO/x]sf] t/
Pstfsf rrf{df /x]sf] ufd k'Ug ;lsG5, o'4 ko{6g xf];\ of ljjf bxsf]
cjnf]sg ug]{ ko{6ssf nflu ufd Ps plrt uGtJo xf] . ;8sdfu{sf]
dfWodaf6 ufd k'Ugsf nflu ;'lnrf}/b]lv sRrL ;8s klg ;~rfngdf 5 .
#^ lsnf]ld6/ ;8s ofqf to u/] ufd k'Ug ;lsG5 tTsfnLg ;dosf] o'4
:yn ufdsf] uf]af / tdfv]sf] cWoog ug{;lsG5 . o;}u/L km'G6Lafaf6
klZrd pQ/ nfu] yaf k'Ug ;lsG5 .
ptf ljz]ifu/L lrlgof cg';Gwfgstf{xn] k"jL{ /f]Nkfsf] h]naf, ;'g5x/L
nufotsf If]qdf cWoogdf s]lGb|t 5g\ . lrlgofF ko{6sx o;If]qsf] e|d0f
tyf cjnf]sg ug{ cfFp5g\ . ;'lnrf}/df af; a:g] clg ;8s jf k}bn
dfu{sf] dfWodaf6 hnhnf yaf;Dd k'Ug] u/]sf] lh;Ln] atfP . oltdfq
xf]Og klZrdf ko{6sx klg yaf, h]nafsf] o'4 ko{6gsf] cWoog ug{
hfg] / klxnf] /ft ;'lnrf}/df latfpg] ub{5g\, lh;Ln] eg] . k|fs[lts
kdf ;'j0{ ffjtLsf] lsgf/df ePsf]n] xf]nf pgLx oxfF a:g lgs} ?rfpF5g\ .
oBkL ko{6ssf nflu yk xf]6n
] cfjf;sf] :t/j[l4 ug{;lsPsf] 5}g . ko{6sLo
cfwf/ If]qsf] kdf ljsf; ug{ :yfgLoxsf] kxn eP klg ;DalGwt
lgsfon] vf;} Wofg lbg g;s]sf] pgn] atfP .
/f]Nkf ko{6sLo lx;fan] pRr sf]6Ldf kb{5, o'4 ko{6g / ;f+:s[lts
ko{6gsf] w/f]x/ /f]Nkfdf ko{6g;DaGwL s]xL cEof;x eP klg k|efjsf/L
x'g ;s]sf 5}g . oBkL lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt /f]Nkfn] ko{6gnfO{ Jojl:yt
ug{ lhNnfdf u'?of]hgf lgdf{0fsf] r/0fdf /x]sf] atfPsf] 5 . ;'lnrf}/ x'bF }
hnhnf yaf h]naf clg ufd nufotsf P]ltxfl;s ufFpxsf] cWoog
/ cjnf]sg ug{ uGtJodf k'Ug] kfx'gfxsf] s'g} cWojlws ul/Psf] 5}g .
lghL If]q of ;/sf/L txaf6 cWofjlw ug{ / yk ko{6snfO{ uGtJo;Dd
k'/fpg Jojl:yt of]hgf aGg g;s]sf] /f]Nkf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf pkfWoIf
dl0f/fd a'9fyf]sLn] atfpg'eof] . ;/sf/L / lghL If]qaLr ;dGjo / ;xsfo{
gxFb' f /f]Nkfsf] ko{6gnfO{ ck]Iffs[t agfpg g;s]sf] pxfFn] :jLsf/ ug{e
' of] .
cljnDa u'?of]hgf lgdf{0f ul/ ko{6sLo If]qxsf] uGtJonfO{ Jojl:yt
agfpg cfj:os /x]sf] a'9fyf]sLsf] ljrf/ 5 .
ptf l5d]sL lhNnf ?s'dn] o'4 ko{6gnfO{ k|j4{ g ug{ vf/fb]lv r'gaf;Dd
k}bndfu{sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ atfPsf] 5 . oBkL /f]Nkfsf] ;'lnrf}/ xFb' } yaf clg
dxt x'bF } r'gaf / To;kl5 vf/f;Dd k'/fpg ;s] ko{6snfO{ /f]Nkfaf6
leqP/ ?s'd x'bF } hfh/sf]6 clg 8f]Nkf;Dd k'/fpg ;lsG5 . t/ lhDd]jf/
lgsfoxsf] uDeL/ Wofg k'Ug g;s]sf] ko{6g ;Dj4x atfpF5g\ .
b'/b[li6;lxtsf] ;xL of]hgf eP dWoklZrd ko{6gaf6 ;d[4L xfl;n
ug{;lsG5 . ;xL of]hgfsf] cefjdf eg] ;Dkbfx ;w}e
+ l/ cf]em]ndf
kl//xg]5g\ .

/fatOfc t]u $ 3fd nf; !&)@

g]kfndf o'/]lgod M a'g]nfO{ >Lv08 ga'g]nfO{ v'kf{sf] la8

sf7df8f}+ . elgG5 a'g]nfO{
>Lv08 ga'g]nfO{ v'kf{sf] la+8 .
g]kfn t'ngfTds kdf ;fgf] d'ns
'
eP klg k|fs[lts ;Dkbf / o;sf]
ljljwtfsf sf/0f wgL d'n's xf] .
ko{ 6 g / hn;| f ] t ljsf;sf
b[li6sf]0fn] ckf/ ;Defjgf 5 . t/
oL ;DefjgfnfO{ oyfy{tfdf abNg
lgs} k|oTg ug'k{ g]{ vfFrf] 5 . o;
afx]s klg vfgLhGo pTkfbgnfO{ klg
gsfg{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . d':tfsf]
nf] d \ y f ko{ 6 sLo b[ l i6sf] 0 fn]
cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ 7fpF xf] . vfgL tyf
e" u e{ l jefusf] 6f] n Ln] dflyNnf]
d':tfdf ax'd"No o'/]lgodsf] 7"nf]
vfgL /x] s f] kQf nufPsf] 5 .
nf]dfyf If]qsf] !) lsnf]ld6/
nDafO / # lsnf]ld6/ rf}8fOsf]
If]qdf o'/l] god e08f/ e]l6Psf] xf] .
;g\ !(() s} k/LIf0f cg' ; f/
dsjfgk'/ lwofnsf] tLge+ufn]
sfnf]kfgL vf]nf If]qdf s/La % ;o
!@ ld6/sf] nDafO / !% ld6/
df]6fOdf o'/]lgod ea:08f/ /x]sf]
cGj]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . tLge+ufn]sf]
o'/l] god e08f/ /x]sf] sfnf]kfgL vf]nf
5]psf] efu v'nf 5, cGoq eg] df6f]n]
5f]lkPsf] 5 . s:t'/Ln] cfgf] gfeLdf
ePsf] af;gf vf]Hb} cGoq bf}8G5
eg] h:t} xfd|f] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ o:tf]
ax' d ' N o wft' sfnLu08sLdf
;fnLu|fdsf] dxTj geP h:t} eO{
/fv]sf] 5 . o;n] dfn kfP/ klg
rfn gkfPsf] h:tf] cg'el" t ug]{ xfdL
g]kfnLsf] k|j[lQnfO{ sf}8Ld} klg
ldNsG5 leNnsf b]zdf dl0f eGg]
egfO{sf] :d/0f klg u/fof] . laZjsf
7'nf pbfpFbf xfd|f l5d]sL b]zx
rLg / ef/tn] cf0fljs e6\6Lsf]
lasf; ug'{sf ;fy} cGtl/Ifdf /s]6
k7fO;s] . cf} B f] l us ljsf;
ul//x] s f l5d] s L ef/t / rLg
o'/]lgodsf] ;Defljt ahf/ x'g
;S5 . cf0fljs pmhf{ pTkfbgsf
nflu ef/tn] ;+;f/s} 7"nf] e08f/
/x]sf] ci6]lnof;Fu o'/]lgod lsGg]
u/]sf] 5 . o'/l] god ljB't\ pTkfbgsf]
d'Vo ;|f]t klg aGb} uPsf] 5 .
o' / ] l god / o;sf] dxTj
o'/l] god k/df0f' ;+Vof (@ ePsf]
Ps /f;folgs tTj xf] . o'/]lgod
k|sl[ tdf kfO{g] tTjdWo] ;a}eGbf a9L
@#* k/df0fljs ef/ ePsf]
/]l8of]wdL{ wft' xf]] . of] tTjsf] vf]h
hd{g /;fogljb\ dfl6{g x]gl/s
Snk| f ] y n] u/] s f lyP . nuftf/
pmhf{jfg ljls/0fx ofFls/xg]
ePsfn] o;sf] cfo' ;of}F jif{;Dd
x'G5 . ljz]if1x o'/]lgod kQf
nufpg hLPd sfpG6/, l;lG6n];g
sfpG6/ cflb ;+oGqsf] ;xfotfn]
ljls/0f zlSt dfkg u5{g\ . oxL
ljls/0fsf] dfkgf/f g} o'/]lgodsf]
e08f/sf af/]df olsg ug{ ;lsG5 .
vfgLaf6 lgsflnPsf] o' / ] l god
cf]/nfO{ k|zf]wg u/L PNnf] s]s
agfOG5 . PNnf] s]s jf o'/l] gof eg]sf]
o' / ] l god cf] / nfO{ k| z f] w g u/L
agfO{ P sf] ldl>t o' / ] l god
cS;fO8\sf] k xf] . of] kfgLdf g3'Ng]
lk/f] uGwsf] w'nf] xf] . of] @**)
l8lu| d f kUnG5 / o;df *)
o' / ] l god cS;fO8 x' G 5 . PNnf]
s]snfO{ ljb]z lgof{t ug{ ;lsG5 .
phf{ pTkfbg, lrlsT;fzf:q,
cf}Bf]lus / ef}ule{s cWoogdf
o' / ] l godsf] pkof] u x' G 5 .
o'/]lgodnfO{ cToGt ax'd"No wft'
dflgG5 . o' / ] l god cf0fljs
e6\6Lxsf nflu cTofjZos sRrf
kbfy{ xf] . o'/]lgodsf] cefjdf
cf0fljs ad tyf k/df0f' k/LIf0f
;Dej x'Fb}g . k|foM o'/]lgod vfgL
ePsf ;a} b] z df PNnf] s] s
agfOG5 . o'/]lgod d'Votof b'O{
k|sf/sf kfOG5g, o'/]lgod@#* /

o'/]lgod@#% . k|fs[lts kdf

o'/]lgod@#* kfOG5 / To;nfO{
cf0fljs k|zf]wg s]Gb|df nuL k|zf]wg
ul/Pkl5 o'/]lgod@#% agfOG5 .

a]lNhod, a'Nu]l/of, r]s u0ftGq,

lkmgNof08, k|mfG;, x+u]/L, hfkfg,
blIf0f sf]l/of, :nf]eflsof, :nf]el] gof,
:jL8]g, l:j6\h/Nof08 / o'qm]gdf #)
jf of]eGbf a9L lah'nL ;a} cf0fljs
e6\ 6 Laf6 pTkfbg x' G 5 .
sfhsf:tfg, Sofg8f, ci6]lnof,
gfldljof, /l;of nufotdf d'ns
' df
o'/]lgodsf] a9L pTkfbg x'G5 . of]
wft'sf] ljZj ahf/df klg pRr dfu
5, t/ g]kfndf cf0fljs P]g g}
th{'df gePsf] x'Fbf P]gsf] th{'dfsf
;fy} o;sf] vf]hLdf tTsfn kxn ug{
h?/L 5 .
g] k fndf o' / ] l god kfO{ g ] 7fp x
g] k fndf dflyNnf] d' : tfsf]
nf]dfyf If]q, dsjfgk'/ lwofnsf]
tLge+ufn], dsjfgk'/sf] lr?jf vf]nf
/ rfFb] vf]nf, sf7df8f}+sf] hut],
aemfsf] ;]gu9, lgDnLu9, b]en]s,
nf6f lxdfndf klg o'/]lgodsf]
k| z :t ;Defjgf /x] s f] ljleGg
cg';Gwfgxaf6 b]lvG5 . To;afx]s
/fhwfgLsf] pQ/klZrd If] q df
cjl:yt ssgLsf] kfFrdfg] If]q, d}n'
vf]nf, lzjk'/Lsf] 6f]vf, /;'jfsf] s]xL
efu, r/Lsf]6 glhssf] s]xL efudf
pRr /]l8of]wdL{ ljls/0f kfOPsf]
k|f/lDes cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 .
vfgL ljefusf] cGj] i f0fcg' ; f/
lzjflns If]qdf kg{] l;Gw'nLsf] a'sf
vf]nf, c5fdsf] a'/Luuf+, lrtjgsf]
d/bf/ vf] n f tyf kfF k f vf] n f,
a}t8Lsf] afu]u9 -k"j{, afu]u9
klZrd_, ;fgLu9, hd/L, uf]/k"j{,
uf] / klZrd_, afau/ auf] 6
cf;kf;df o'/l] godsf] ;Defjgf 5 .
l;Gw'nLsf] a'sf vf]nf / sf7df8f}+sf]
lzjk'/Ldf c? 7fpFdf eGbf a9L
o'/]lgod x'g;Sg] ljefusf] cg'dfg
5 . ljefusf] cfg} cWoogn] klg
dsjfgk'/, l;Gw'nL, a}t8L, bfr'n
{ fsf]
n'DyL, aGs',kf}6nL, rf}kf6f, ps'u9,

aemf, afh'/fsf] sf]bf/L u9 /

sf7df8f}s
+ f @$ 7fpFdf o'/l] god /x]sf]
;+ s ] t lbPsf] lyof] . oLdWo]
dsjfgk' / lwofn uflj;# sf]
tLge+ufn]sfnf]kfgL If]q ;a}eGbf
a9L /]l8of]wdL{ ljls/0f pTkGg
eO/x]sf] If]q xf] . x]6f}F8f ahf/ clg
ToxfFaf6 $% lsnf]ld6/ k"lj{lt/
dsjfgk'/sf] tLge+ufn] ufpFdf ;g\
!(() df vfgL tyf e"ue{ljefun]
klxnf]k6s o'/]lgodsf] vfgL /x]sf]
tYo kQf nufPsf] lyof] . tYof+sdf
tLge+ufn] sfnf]kfgL vf]nf cf;kf;
If]qdf sl/a !% xhf/ 6g o'/l] godsf]
vfgL e08f/ 5, h;nfO{ pTvgg u/L
k|zf]wg ubf{ sDtLdf #% 6g z'4
o'/]lgod lgsfNg ;lsg] k|f/lDes
cg'dfg 5 . g]kfndf o'/l] god kfOg]
7fpFx ;g\ !((! df a}t8L bfr'n
{ fsf]
rd] l nof vf] n faf6 ;' g t:s/L
eO/x]sf] ck'i6 va/ km}lnP klg Tof]
hfFr ug{ uPsf] vfgL ljefusf] 6f]nLn]
ToxfF o'/l] godsf] ;Defjgf /x]sf] kQf

nufPsf] lyof] . nuQ} vfgL ljefun]

;'b"/klZrd If]qdf b'O{ jif{ sfd u/L
lj:t[t l/kf]6{ g} agfPsf] lyof] .
ljefusf] 6f]nLn] aemfsf] lgDnL uf8
/ a}t8Lsf] hdf/L uf8df qmdzM #
xhf/ * ;o *( / ( xhf/ @ ;o
!# ;LkLP; o'/l] god ljls/0f ePsf]
tYo kQf nufPsf] lyof] . of] cfkm}d
F f
lgs} 7"nf] kl/df0fsf] ljls/0f xf]
lsgeg] kfls:tfgsf] k|ltnfv s0fdf
# xhf/ % ;o /]l8of]wdL{ ePsf]
7fpFaf6 o'/]lgod pTvgg sfo{
eO/x]sf] 5 eg] ef/tdf klg $ xhf/
@ ;o s0f k|ltnfvdf o'/l] god ePsf]
7fpFdf @) jif{bl] v pTvgg hf/L 5 .
g]kfndf vfgL If]qsf] ljsf;
elgG5 lasf; g} hLjg xf] .
lasf;n] kl/kSjtf / cg'ejsf]
kl/0ffd :jk cfpg] k|ufltzLn
qmlds kl/jt{gnfO{ a'emfp5 . vfgL
tyf e"ue{ljefu g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Ps
PsfO{ xf] h;n] ;Dk"0f{ ef}uf]lns
;j]{If0fx vfgL pTvgg vf]h,
Joj:yfkg tyf o;;DalGw lgod /
sfg"gsf] ljsf;, e"j}1flgs cGj]if0f
/ cWoog ;DjGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{sf]
lhDd]bf/L lnPsf] ;+:yf xf] . cGo
b] z sf] t' n gfdf vfgL tyf
e"ue{ljefusf] Oltxf; lgs} 5f]6f]
^)^% jif{ dfq ePsf] 5 . xfd|f]
l5d]sL b]z ef/tdf ef}ule{s cWoog,
cg';Gwfgsf] ! ;o %) jif{eGbf a9L
eO;s]sf] 5 . ;+oS' t /fHo cd]l/sfdf
# ;o jif{eGbf a9L ePsf] kfOG5 .
tL d'n'sdf clxn] klg ef}ule{s
cWoog, cg';Gwfg hf/L /fvL gofF
gofF s'/f kQf nflu/x]sf 5g\ . of]
lg/Gt/ rln/xg] k|lqmof xf] . vfgL
ljefun] cln Jojl:yt kdf
cWoog cg';Gwfg z'? ePsf] #)#%
jif{ dfq k'us
] f] 5 . ljefun] cWoog,
cg';Gwfg u/L h]hlt pknlAw k|fKt
u/]sf] 5, Tof] ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] sdL
/ ljleGg lgsfosf P]g lgod afem]sf
sf/0f /fi6 n ] To;sf] klg k" 0 f{
;b'kof]u ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . ef}ule{s
cWoog cg';Gwfg ug{ ;DalGwt
e"uf]ndf k'Ug}k5{ . clxn];Ddsf]
ef}ule{s cWoog, cg';Gwfgn] s]
b]vfpF5 eg] vlgh kbfy{sf lx;fan]
k|To]s e"efusf] cfcfg} dxTj 5 .
k|To]s e"efudf dxTjk"0f{ vlgh kbfy{
e]l6Psf 5g\ / eljiodf klg e]l6g]
;Defjgf 5 . vfFrf] 5, gofF k|ljlw,
gofF ;f]r, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ / w}o{sf]
dfWodaf6 kQf nfu] s f vlgh
kbfy{sf] ;b'kof]u ug{s
' f ;fy} gofF
gofF e08f/ klg kQf nufpg ;lsG5 .
hn;Dkbfs} xf/fxf/Ldf b]zdf vlgh
kbfy{sf] k|r'/ ;Defjgf /x] klg
xfn;Dd !@ k|sf/sf vlgh kbfy{
dfq pTvgg eO/x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
b]zsf ljleGg (% :yfgaf6 xfn
r'g9'f, sf]Onf, kmnfd, sfOgfO6,
DofUg];fO6, dfa{n, /]8 Sn], v/L,
6'dflng / lh pTvgg eO/x]sf] 5 .
ljefudf *$ j6f vfgLhGo pBf]u
btf{ eP klg b' O { bh{ g dfq
;~rflnt 5g\ . bf, /f]Nkf, ;Nofg,
Ko'7fg / kfNkfdf sf]Onf tyf kj{tdf
kmnfd vfgL ;~rflnt 5g\ eg]
/fi6sf cGo efudf pknAw tfdf,
l;;f, ce|s, uGws, :n]6, u]? /
u|]kmfO6 pTvgg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
u/uxgfdf k|of]u x'g] ax'd"No wft'
6'df{nfOg hfh/sf]6df kfOP klg
pTvgg ug{ afFsL g} 5 . vfgL tyf
vlghhGo pBf]uxsf] k|zf;lgs,
k| f ljlws,
cfly{ s nufot
cg'udg;lxt ;a} clwsf/ k|fKt
vlgh dGqfno g} :yfkgf ug'k{ g]{
x' G 5 . vfgL tyf vlgh
cGj]if0f;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{qmd,
o; If]qsf] ljsf;;DaGwL cWoog,
tflnd, cGj]if0f, ;j]I{ f0f tyf k|ljlw
ljsf; Pj+ x:tfGt/0fsf] lhDd]jf/L

vfgL tyf e"ue{ljefusf] eP klg

a]Un} P]g agfpg g;lsPsf] :jLsf/
ug{x' G' 5 . /fhgLlts ;+qmd0fsf sf/0f
cfjZos P]g lgod agfpg g;lsPsf]
pNn]v ub}{ vfgL tyf vlghhGo
pBf]usf] k|j4{gnfO{ ;/sf/n] pRr
k|fyldstf lbg'x'G5 . vfgL, kfgL,
ko{6g / dfgj ;+zfwgsf] ;d"lrt
ljsf; Pj+ bf] x gaf6 /fi6 n fO{
;d[l4sf] af6f]df cl3 a9fpg] ;Nk
/fhgLlts g]tT[ jn] gu/];Dd cfly{s
qmflGt sf]/f sNkgf dfq x'G5 .
o' / ] l godsf u' 0 fx / bf] i fx
bf] ; | f ] ljZjo' 4 df hfkfgsf]
lx/f]l;df / gfuf;fsLdf cd]/Lsfn]
xfg]sf b'O{ zlStzfnL P6d jdn] w]/}
g} 7"nf] wg hgsf] Iflt ePsf] lyof] .
;g\ !($% o'/l] god@#% af6 lgldt{
lnl6n Ajfo / o'/l] god@#* af6
kl/dflh{t u/L agfOPsf] of6 Dofg
gfdsf k/df0f' ad hfkfgsf]
lx/f]l;df / gfuf;fsLdf lj:kmf]6
u/fOFbf sl/a &% xhf/ dflg; dfl/P
eg] %) xhf/ ejgx Wj:t ePsf
lyP . P6d ad Hofb} HjngzLn /
lj:kmf]6s lsl;dsf] ljefhg x'g ;Sg]
kbfy{ o'/]lgod (Uranium) /
Ko'nf]6f]lgod (Plutonium) af6
agfO{G5 . P6d ad lj:kmf]6g x'bF f
Ps} l 5gdf PSsf;L nfvf} F l8lu|
;]lN;o; tfkqmd a9\g k'U5 . o;df
adsf] ;a} efu UofF;df abln rfk
jfo'd08nsf] eGbf nfvf}F u'0ff a9L
x'G5 / j/k/sf] xfjfnfO{ rfKb} of]
ltj| ultdf km} l ng yfNb5 .
la:kmf]6g ePsf] ;dodf cfuf]sf]
Hjfnf lg:s]sf] x'G5 / ToxL ;dodf
cfuf]sf] ljzfn es'08f] clt tftf]
xfjf;F u ;F u } lg:sG5 . o;af6
zlStzfnL ljls/0fx pTkGg eO{
k/dfl0fs k|ltlqmof ePsf] 7fpFaf6
klg Tolts} zlStzfnL Go" 6 f] g
(Neutron) / ufdf ljls/0f
(Gamma Radiation) x
lg:sG5g\ . lj:kmf]6g ePkl5 tftf]
UofF; / ljls/0fxaf6 /+lut d':nf]
aG5 . @# ldg]6 leq} of] s]lx
lsnf]ld6/ dfly p7\5 / Rofpsf]
5ftf h:tf] b]lvG5 . lj:kmf]6gaf6
ljls/0fx jg:klt / hGt'xsf]
z/l/ leq kgf{n] 7"nf] wghgsf] Iflt
x'g hfG5 . bf];f| ] ljZjo'4sf] cGTolt/
cd]l/sL j}1flgs cf]kgxfOd/n]
k/df0f' jd agfP/ k|of]ufTds kd}
k[ ' l i6 ul/lbP . pgn] gflesLo
ljv08g k|ltlqmofaf6 kbfy{sf] s]xL
cToGt} ;fgf] c+znfO{ dfq eP klg
zlStdf abn]/ b]vfOlbP . jf:tjdf
k/df0f' jddf gflesLo k|ltlqmofaf6
kbfy{ zlStdf ablnG5 t/ ToxfF
cToGt} yf]/} dfqfsf] kbfy{ dfq
zlStdf ablnPsf] x'G5 . kbfy{
k"0f{kdf zlStdf abNg] k|ljlwsf]
ljsf; eg] clxn] ; Dd ljZjdf
eO;s]sf] 5}g . o'/l] godsf] ;b'kof]u
eof] eg] ef}lts hLjgsf nflu cleGg
ldq aGg ;S5 . b'kof]u ul/of]
eg] o;n] ;+;f/sf ;a} k|f0fLnfO{ gi6
ug{ klg ;S5 . Ps lsnf] u|fd
o'/]lgod @%# n] em08} @) xhf/
d]ufjf6 k|lt 306f a/fa/sf] tfk
pTkGg u/fpg ;S5 h'g #) nfv
6gsf] bfp/f afNbf lg:sg] tfk
a/fa/ x'g cfpF5 . P6d jddf !
u|fd kbfy{ ljnfpFbf @! c/a lsnf]
Sofnf]/L tfkzlSt pTkGg x'G5 . of]
eg] s f] lbgsf] !) xhf/ ln6/
dl6\6t]n hDdf ub}{ hfFbf @# jif{;Dd
hDdf ubf{ hlt hDdf x'G5, Tof]
;a} n fO{ Ps} r f] 6 L afNbf hlt
tfkzlst pTkGg x' G 5 Tolt
a/fa/sf] tfk zlSt ! u|fd kbfy{
lanfpFbf pTkGg x'G5 . o;af6 s]
:ki6 x'G5 eg] kbfy{nfO{ zlStdf
kl/jt{g ug{ ;s]sf] v08df sNkgf
g} ug{ g;Sg] zlSt pTkGg x'G5 .

o' / ] l godaf6 pTkGg /] l 8of] w dL{

ljls/0fsf] cflj:sf/ ug]{ kf]NofG8sL
j}1flgs d]8d So'/Ln] ;g\ !()# /
;g\ !(!! df b'O6f gf]a]n k'/:sf/
kfOg\ . So'/Lsf] pSt cflj:sf/
cfw'lgs lj1fg If]qsf nflu j/bfg
g} ;flat eof] . s:tf] lj8Dagf !
ToxL ljls/0fsf sf/0f So'/Lsf] ;g\
!(#$ df d[To' eof] . cfO{PO{Psf
cg';f/ ljZjsf #! d'ns
' df $ ;o
#& cf0fljs e6\6L ;~rflnt 5g\ .
!% d'ns
' df ^* gofF e6\6L lgdf{0ffwLg
5g\ . ;g\ !(*^ sf] ?;df ePsf]
r]gl{] jn cf0fljs b'36{ gf / ;g\ @)!!
sf] hfkfgdf ePsf] km' s ' l ;df
b'3{6gfsf sf/0f ljZje/ cf0fljs
e6\6L aGb ug{k' g]{ ax; eO/x]sf] 5 .
b'ef{Uo, vfgL ljefun] kQf nufPsf]
dsjfgk' / sf] tLge+ u fn] If] q sf]
o'/l] godaf/] s'g} hfgsf/L ;d]t gkfO{
ToxfF a;f] j f; ug] { x k| e fljt
eO/x]sf 5g\ . o'/]lgod o:tf] wft'
xf], h;n] Ps k':tfdf s'g} c;/
gb]lvP klg b'O{ jf tLg k':tfkl5
klg eofjx c;/ b]vfpg ;S5 .
k"/} j+zf0f'ut u'0f g} Wj:t kfl/lbg
;S5 . efjL ;GttL k" / } ckf+ u
agfOlbg ;S5 . cf0fljs
e6\6Lxsf nflu cTofjZos sRrf
kbfy{ o'/]lgod ljB't\ pTkfbgsf]
zlStzfnL ;|ft] o'/l] godsf] cefjdf
cf0fljs ad tyf k/df0f' k/LIf0f
;Dej x'bF g} .
g] k fndf /] l 8of] w dL{ kbfy{ a f/]
sfg' g
elgG5 sfg'gsf] p2]Zo cf}lrTo
:yflkt ug{, Gofosf] /Iff ug{ /
cg'lrt sfo{af6 5'6sf/f lbnfpg'
xf] . b]zleqsf o'/l] god cGj]if0f u/L
k|zf]wg ubf{ cf0fljs ljsf;df kfOnf]
;fg{ ;xof]u k'U5 . vfgL tyf vlgh
kbfy{ P]g, @)$@ / lgodfjnL @)%^
df, ;/sf/n] o'/l] god, ;'g / xL/fnfO{
h+uL vfgLsf kdf kl/eflift ub}{
To;sf] cGj]if0f, pTvggsf] Ps dfq
clwsf/ vfgL ljefunfO{ lbPsf] 5 .
pTvggsf nflu klxn] ;+;b\af6
Go'lSno/ P]g Nofpg cfjZos 5 .
g]kfndf /;fog ljZn]if0f tyf k/LIf0f
ug]{ k|of]uzfnf 5}g, pTvgg ug}{k/]
aflx/L b]zsf] sDkgLnfO{ lbg'kg]{
x'G5 . bf];|f] jf t];|f] kIfnfO{ sfd
lbgrflxF l5d]sL d'n'ssf] /0fgLlts
:jfy{sf sf/0f ;Dej b]lvFb}g .
g]kfnn] ;g\ @))* sf] h'nfO{df
Ph]G;Lsf] ;b:otf lnPkl5 dfq
sfg"g agfpg'kg{] vfFrf] dxz';
ul/Psf] xf] . /]l8of]wdL{ kbfy{sf]
k|of]u / cf];f/k;f/ tLj| alg/x]sf
a]nf g]kfndf eg] clxn];Dd o;sf]
sfg'g ag]sf] 5}g . jftfj/0f /
hg:jf:Yodf k| T oIf k| e fj kg] {
Go'lSno/ kbfy{sf] lgodg ug]{ sfg'g
gx'Fbf b'kof]u x'g] 7"nf] ;Defjgf
a9] / uPsf] 5 . lrtjgsf]
e/tk'l:yt aLkL sf]O/fnf ddf]l/on
SofG;/ c:ktfnn] pkof]ukl5 lkmtf{
k7fPsf] /]l8of]wdL{ kbfy{ /fhwfgL
NofpFb} ubf{ af6}af6 x/fPsf] lyof] .
g]kfndf clxn];Dd cf0fljs P]g
gag]sfn] pTvgg ;/sf/ cfkm}n
+ ] ug]{
ls lghL If]qnfO{ lbg] jf ljb]zL
;xof]u lng] eGg] lg0f{o ug'{kb{5 .
o'/l] god cWoog / pTvggsf nflu
;/sf/n] l56\6} ;]6L d]h/d]G6 /
cf0fljs P]g Nofpg'k5{ . o"/f]k
cd]l/sfdf nfu" eO/x]sf] dfkb08
g]kfndf nfu' gx'g] ePsf]n] xfdLn]
sfg"g agfpbf g]kfn ;'xfpFbf] klg
agfpg'k5{ . s]lx aif{cl3 lj1fg
k|ljlw tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnon]
/]l8of]wdL{ kbfy{sf] P]g sfg'g agfpg
cf0fljs P]g d:of}bf sfg'g cfof]u
k7fPsf] lyof] . g]kfndf o; ljifosf
lj1ljz]if1 gx'Fbf / ;/sf/L lgsfo
aLrsf] cGof]ntf / l9nf;':tLn] P]g

sfg'g agfpg] k|lqmof /f]lsPsf] lyof] .

/]l8of]wdL{ sfg"g agfpg ut jif{
cfof]usf pkfWoIfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf
sfo{bn ;d]t u7g ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{bndf ;/f]sf/jfnf dGqfno /
cfof]usf kbflwsf/L, g]kfn lj1fg
tyf k|ljlw k|1f k|lti7fg -gf:6_ sf
a}1flgs / lqe'jg ljZjljBfno
ef}lts lj1fg ;+sfosf k|fWofks
;+nUg lj1 5g\ . cGt/f{li6o cf0fljs
phf{ Ph]G;Ln] dGqfnonfO{ k|lqmof
cufl8 a9fpg ;'emfj ;d]t lbP klg
cfof]un] yk k|lqmof cl3 a9fPsf]
xf] . clxn] o; ;DaGwL k/]vf tof/
kf/L sfg'g cfof]un] ut c;f]h
dlxgfdf k'gM lj1fg k|ljlw tyf
jftfj/0f dGqfnodf k7fPsf] 5 .
;Defjgf dfq ls pTvgg of]Uo
klg <
k|foM x/]s a:t'df ;Defjgf /x]sf]
t x'G5 t/ To; a:t'n] dfgjLo
cfjZostfsf] k" l t{ ug{ ; Sg]
pkof]lutf a9L dxTjk"0f{ x'g hfG5 .
ljZje/ g} cf0fljs zlStnfO{ ;}lgs
k| o f] h gsf] lgldQ dfgjlj?4df
b'k|of]u ug{e
' Gbf ljw'tLo phf{df
kl/0ft ug{k' g]{ hgdt /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
w]/} cWoog ug{ afFsL eP klg
k|f/lDes r/0fsf] cWoogn] cf}Bf]lus
;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5 . o'/l] god If]q
km}lnPsf] nDafO, rf}8fO / ulx/fO,
kl/df0f tyf u'0f:t/ kQf nufPkl5
sdl;{on efOa|]G6' s:tf] eg]/ yfxf
x'G5 . 7"nf] If]q / /fd|f] ;Defjgf
/x]sfn] ;/sf/n] o;nfO{ ljz]if
sfo{qmd NofP/ klg cWoog /
pTvgg ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .
pknAw k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf]
;d'lrt pkof]u ljgf s'g} klg b]zsf]
cfly{s ljsf; ;Dej x'bF g} . hgtfsf]
hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ ub}{ cToflws
pknlAwtkm{ pGd'v geP;Dd ;d[l4
xfl;n x'g ;Sb}g . ljz]if k|ljlw, lj1
/ w]/} nufgL cfjZos x'g] ePsfn]
;/sf/n] ljz] i f sfo{ q md
agfpg'kb{5 . OG6/g]zgn P6lds
OghL{ Ph]G;L -cfO{PO{P_ cg';f/ ;g\
!(*^ lt/ g} @^ j6f b]zxn] @&$
cf0fljs /]S6/xaf6 @%) ldlnog
lsnf]jf6 ljw't pTkfbg ul/;s]sf
lyP . oltv]/ ljZjsf #% b]zxdf
cf0fljs e6\6Lx /x]sf 5g\ h;af6
ljw'tLo phf{ pTkfbg ul//x]sf 5g\ .
l5d]sL d'n's rLg, blIf0f Pl;ofsf]
ef/t / kfls:tfgn] cf0fljs
e6\ 6 Laf6 ljw' t pTkfbg ug{
yfln;s]sf 5g . anfb]zn] klg
To;tkm{ cu|;/ e}/x]sf] ;Gbe{df
g]kfnn] klg ca cf0fljs e6\6Lf/f
ljw'tLo phf{ pTkfbg ug{] of]hgf
agfpg' kb{ 5 . cf0fljs e6\ 6 L
nufot ;a}vfn] lj1fg / k|ljlwnfO{
dfgj dfqsf] ufF;, af;, ;fdflhs
lxt / k|ultsf] nflu ;b'kof]u x'g
cfjZos 5 . vfgL tyf
e"ue{ljefusf] k|f/lDes tYof+snfO{
cfwf/ dfGg] xf] eg] dsjfgk'/
lwofnsf] tLge+ufn]df o'/]lgodsf]
hlt e08f/ elgPsf] 5, Tof] cfkm}d
F f
vfgL pTvgg ug{of]Uo 5 . ut
l8;]Da/df g]kfnaf6 cfO{PO{Psf]
sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g cl:6ofsf]
leogf
uPsf
g] k fnL
k|ltlglwd08n;Fu ToxfFsf o'/]lgod
lj1n] ;fdfGotof @& 6ghlt
o'/l] god ePdf Tof] cfly{s kdf
3f6fsf] gx'g] atfPsf lyP, hals
tLge+ufn]df #% 6g o'/l] god ePsf]
ljefusf] l/kf]6{df pNn]v 5 . t/
ljefun] ;'b"/klZrd If]qdf ePsf]
cg';Gwfgaf/] s]xL atfPsf] 5}g .
;LkLP;sf] tYof+snfO{ cfwf/ dfGg]
xf] eg] tLge+ufn]eGbf a}t8Llt/ a9L
o'/f]lgod vfgL x'g ;S5 . lsgeg],
ToxfF tLge+ufn]sf] eGbf b'Ob{ l] v tLg
-afF s L ^ k] h df_

o'/f]kdf ljKnjn] 5f]8]sf] 5fk

ut km]aj'| /Lsf] dlxgf . o'/f]ksf]
hf8f] . hLjgofkgsf] nflu sfd ;s]/
;fwf/0f ;efsf] tof/Lsf] nflu v6\of}+ .
d'Vo sfd ;lsPkl5 ;'Tg] t/v/
ul//x]sf ;fyLxnfO laxfg ;ft ah]
a|;N] ; Pc/kf]6{ clgjfo{ k'Ug] ;xdlt
u/]/ /ft s6fOof] . ;ft ah] Po/kf]6d{ f
emG8} ;a} ;fyLx Ps} ;do e]nf
eOof] . ;a}sf] gh/ cfuGt's sIflt/
x'g] g} eof] . xfdLn] kv{s
] f] ljdfg
cjt/0f eP/ klg To;leqsf ;a} ofq'
aflx/ cfO;s] . xfdLn] s'/s
] f dfG5]
ca t cfpnfg\ eGof] . x]of] . 5}g .
km]l/ x]o . km]l/ klg b]lvPgg\ .
;fyLxsf] aLrdf ;Nnfx eof], kSsf
s]xL ;d:of plAhP/ xf]nf . o;f]
;DalGwt ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;f]ws
] f] p;n]
s]xL k|flalws sf/0fn] /f]lsPsf]
hfgsf/L lbof] . s]lxa]/d} ;a} k|lqmof
k"/f u/L xfd|f k|dv
' cltly ls/0f /
laz]if cltly b]j u'? xfdL ;a}sf
aLr cfpg'eof] . ;xefuL ;a}n]
kl/ro;lxt cfb/ ;Ddfg ub}{ lglb{:6
:yfgdf cfOk'luof] . xfdLn] j:t'l:yltsf]
cjut u/fof}+ . o'/f]ksf ljleGg b]zaf6
cfpg' ePsf ;a} ;fyLxsf] lardf
pxfFxn] kf6L{ut /fhg}lts wf/0ff
/fVg'eof] . csf]{ lbgsf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf
k|dv
' cfsif{s /x]sf sfd/]8xsf]
ljrf/ g]kfnL ;d'bfo / efOrf/f
;+u7gsf ;xefuLxn] ;'Gg kfP .
a]lNhodsf] g]kfnL ;d'bfosf] pkl:ylt
/ k|:t'ltn] g]kfnsf] emNsf] lbPsf]
cg'el" t ug'e{ of] g]tfxn] klg . ;fwf/0f
;ef zfgbf/ kdf ;kmn ug'e{ of] eGb}
9f8; lbP ;a}n] . afFsL s]xL lbg
o'/f]ksf d'Vo b]zxsf] ljsf; ;+/rgf
x]g]{ of]hgfcg';f/ k|mfG;sf] cfOkmn
6fj/b]lv :jL6h/Nof08sf lalaw
/d0fLo :yn lxFl8of] . hd{gLsf lx6n/sf]
UofF; r]Da/b]lv sfn{dfS;{ hGd]sf] 3/
;lxtsf] Do'lhodsf] e|d0f u/]/
a]lNhod cfof}+ . b'Olbg kl5 hghlt
;/f] s f/ d+ r sf] clwj] z g ;s] /
sfd/]8x g]kfn kms{ge' of] . o;/L,
xfd|f] a;fO{ emG8} !! lbg g]skf
dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf s= ls/0f / ;lrj
b]j u'?;Fu laTof] . ;dosf] lx;fan]
of] a;fO s'g} nfdf] xf]Og g} . t/ klg
o;n] /fhgLlt a'emfO{ / ;+u7g u/fO{sf]
nflu b'/ufdL k|efj kg{ uPsf] cg'ej
xfdLn] uof}F . a]lNhodn] lalzi7
;dodf jl/i7 g]tfxnfO{ rfx] cg';f/
k|fKt ug{ g;s] klg c? b]zsf g]kfnLn]
eGbf a9L g} k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf] dxz';
x'G5 . hgo'4 sfndf b'O{ hgf g]tf
kfn]sf] a]lNhodn] zflGt k|lqmofdf
cfPkl5 klg leGgleGg g]tfxnfO{ oxfF
NofO{ hgo'4df hgfPsf] P]Soj4tfsf]
k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ . To;cl3 / kl5 klg
ljleGg ;dodf g]tfx cfpg] hfg]
qmd hf/L /Xof] . o;} qmddf sd/]8
laKnj @))( df g]kfnL hgk|ultzLn
d+rsf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] cj;/ kf/]/
a]lNhod cfOk'Ug'eof] . pxfFsf] sl/a
Ps xKtfsf] o'/f]k a;fOdf g]kfnL hg
k|ultzLn d+r, a]lNhodsf] ;fwf/0f
;efsf] ;Daf]wgsf qmddf s]xL dGtJo
;'Gg kfOof] . dGtJo t 5f]6f] ;doleq}
/fVg'ePsf] xf], laKnjn] . t}klg ;du|
/fhg}lts kf6L{sf] unt k|jl[ t eb|
cfnf]rgf ub}{ ;du| o'jfnfO{ ;Tosf]
kl5 nfUgsf] nflu cfXjfg pxfFn]
Tolta]nf ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . ;fwf/0f ;ef
;lsof] . efOrf/f kf6L{sf ;xefuL;Fusf]
e]6df c+uh
]| L a'em] klg cln k|i6tfsf]
nflu cg'jfbssf] ;xof]u lng'eof] .
qmflGtsf] nflu ;xof]u / ljZjf;sf]
ck]Iffsf] clkn pxfFn] ug'e{ of] . pxfF
cfpg'ePsf] cg'sn
" tfdf kf]tu'{ nsf]
;fyLxsf] dfu cg';f/ ToxfFsf]
;+u7gnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ pxfF kf]ru'{ n
k'Ug'eof] . dfS;{sf] hGdynf] nufot
cGo s]xL Pltxfl;s :ynsf] cjnf]sg
u/L cfgf] sfo{If]q g]kfn kmls{ge' of] .
ls/0f sd/]8 / laKnj sd/]8nfO{
k|dv
' cltlysf] kdf a]lNhod cfpFbf

k|]d kf7s

kfPsf] ;sf/fTds kf6f dWo] Ps cfly{s

kIf xf] . ls/0f sfd/]8 a]lNhodsf] !^
km/j/Lsf] sfo{qmd ;s]/ !& df xfdL
o'/f]ksf s]xL b]z 3'Dg uf8Ldf lgl:sof}+ .
klxnf] lbg k|mfG; 3'ldof] . csf]{ lbg
:jL6\h/Nof08 hfg] of]hgf aGof] .
:jL6\h/Nof08df xf]6n dxFuf] kg]{ . vr{n]
kfFr hgfnfO{ wfGg cln ufx|f] . To;}n]
ljutdf;+u} ePsf t/ k|r08kIfl;t
/fhgLlts ;DjGw laR5]b kl5 klg
k| r G8 kIflt/} /x] s f s] x L clt
ldng;f/ ;fyLsf]df af; a:g] of]hgf
ag]sf] lyof] . k|mfG;af6 hfFbf hfFb} clt
l9nf ef] . tLa| ultsf] xfOj] ;dft]sf]
eGg] ;f]lrof] . t/ k/]5 sd ultdf
s'bfpg'kg]{ nf]sn xfOj] . To;}n] of]hgf
eGbf lgs} l9nf k'luof] . /ftsf] !@!
aHg] b]lvof] . x'g t af6f]df cfjZostf
cg';f/ vfg]s/' f vfPs} lyof}+ . km]l/
klg xfdL g]kfnL lab]zLn] krfpgsf]
nflu 8Lh6{ -lvpgL_ vfPh:t} xfdLn]
ef]s dfg{ Ps uf; eP klg eft
vfg}kg]{ . h;n] :jL;sf] /fhwfgL a]gd{ f
xfdLnfO{ e]6g\ k' g]{ xf], pxfFnfO{ af6f]sf]
sf/0f l9nf ePsf] cjut t u/fOof] .
xfdL uf8Ldf ePsfxaLr ;Nnfx eof],
ca vfgf s] ug{ < xfd|f nflu klg
ksfPsf] eP t l7s} xf] . olb gksfPsf]
eP ef]s} eO{G5 . vfP/ hfpF eg] sxfF
vfg] < s] vfg] < eft kfOFbg} . km]l/
ptf eft ksfP/ a;]sf eP xfdL vfP/
hfg' klg g/fd|f] . pt} vfpFnf eg]/
hfpF eg] ksfPsf /x]g5g eg] ef]s}
kl/g] ef] . lljwfdf kl/of] . xfdLnfO{
t s]xL lyPg, h:tf] klg 6b{ xf] . ls/0f
sfd/]8 ef]s} x'g] . :jf:y sDhf]/ . bdsf
la/fdL . v'nf ;Nnfx ug{ /fd|f] ;DemL
ls/0f sfd/]8;Fu a:t'l:yltsf] cjut
u/fOof] . Tof] xfd|f] k|:tfj kl5 ls/0f
sd/]8sf] ;l6s clg ;/n ;'emfj
cfof] . ca of] /flt sxfF s] vfg] <
kfpg] s'/f lg ePg . dxFuf] klg To:t}
crfSnL . To;}n] ;/f;/ ToxL hfpF .
kfs]sf] /x]5 eg] vfpFnf . olb kfs]sf]
/x]g5 eg] b'Mv lbg] s'/f ePg . xfdL
vfP/ cfPsf 5f},+ a? Ps sk lrof
vfpF elg lrof vfP/ ;'tf}n
+ f . b]a
u'? / xfdL ;a} r'k eof}+ . dgdg} eg]
wGo xf] ltd|f] ljrf/ . slt ;/n .
slt Joaxfl/s . s'g} cx+, dfu clg
a} e j /lxt . cfof] h s tyf
cfdlGqt;lxt pgsf] kf6L{sf] ;b:o
ePsf]df uj{ dx;'; eof] . ;fob
lg:jfyL{ efjsf] sf/0f xf] ls ;Ghf]u xf]
s'lGg . xfdLnfO{ xfd|f g]tfdf uj{ nfU5 .
o:t} eof] sd/]8 laKnj cfpFbf
klg . ;a} sfo{qmd rGbf clg ;xof]un]
g} x'g] ub{5g\ otf . o;} qmddf xfd|f]
lgdGq0ffdf cfpg] k|fo g]tfnfO l6s6
vr{ klxNo} k7fpg'kg]{ x'GYof] . laKnjhL
eg] ljdfg ef8f cfkm} vr{ u/]/ l6s6
lnP/ cfpg'eof] . cfkm'n] af]nfPsf] g]tfsf]
cft]hft] vr{ ;DalGwt ;+u7gn] Joxf]gk{ ' g]{
cfd lgodh:t} ag]sf] 5 . ;f]xLcg';f/
ha laKnjhL oxfFsf] ultljlwdf ;l/s
eP/ kms{g] a]nf eof], xfdLn] ;+u7gsf]
tkm{af6 cfpg] hfg] l6s6 vr{ hDdf
u/]/ l6s6sf] k};f slt lbg'kg]{ xf] elg
;f]lwof] . pxfFsf] ;/n pQ/ cfof] dnfO{
kf6L{n] cfpg hfgsf] nflu l6s6 lbPsf]
5 . tkfO{? oxfF a;]/ sfd ug'{ ePsf]
5 . vr{ 5 s] lbg'xG' 5 < e]63f6 ug],{
o'/f]ksf] af/]df cWog ug]{ df}sf lbg'eof] .
vr{ rflxGg, wGojfb . xfdL ;a} crDd

eof}+ . lsgsL l6s6 t ;fwf/0f s'/f

ef] . n]eL, sfof{nosf] gfddf Nofk6k
cflb OTofbL lab]zaf6 kmls{bF f gdfUg]
g]tf sd g} x'g] ub{lyP . pxfFn] t s]lx
kb}g{ eGb} cem yKg'eof] clxn] kf6L{
zflGt k|lqmofdf cfPsf] 5 . of] a]nfdf
bz la; nfv sf]lx klg s]Gb|Lo sfd/]8n]
sdfpg vf]Hof] eg] Tof] ;fdfGo s'/f xf] .
t/ d'Vo s'/f cfgf] eljiosf] AolStTj,
cg'zf;g / 5la stf nfg] eGg] xf] .
cy{ ls /fhgLlt / To;}n] dnfO{
tkfOxsf] cfly{s ;xof]u kb}g{ .
;fyLxn] l6s6 lslglbg' ePsf] 5 .
cfpg hfg e}uof] . oxfF vfg a:g,
otfptf hfg tkfOxn] Joj:yf
ug'e{ Psf] 5 . To;}n] lsg o'/f] rflxof] <
ef] dnfO{ kb}g{ . ;f]Wg' ePsf]df wGojfb
! xfdL ;a} b+u kof}+ { . dgdg} v'l; kgL .
xfdLn] Tof] b'/ufdL ljrf/eGbf klg C0f
/ n]aL p7fpg k/]g eGg] ef] Tof]an] f .
xhf/ kGw| ;o o'/f] yk p7fpg'kg]{ ef/
sfd ef] eg]/ xfdL v'l; eof}+ . kl5
yfxf eof], s'/f To;f] /x]g5 . o;df
k};f ar]sf] xf]Og, /x]5 g]tf ar]sf] /x]5 .
laKnjn] cfly{s dfdnfdf ;kmf 5aL
agfpg ;Sg'sf] sf/0f t Tof] kf] /x]5 .
cfh laKnj ;]jf / ;'lawfaf6 6f9f
/x]sf 5g\ . lagf cfly{s bfu gnufO
a:g ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . cfh w]/} g]tfsf]
ju{pTyfg n]aL / ;+u7gsf] gfddf cy{
;+sng kf] ePsf] /x]5 . o'/f]ksf] g]kfnL
hgk|ultzLn d+r / df]rf{sf] Oltxf;df
of] klxnf] 36gf xf], sf]xL g]tfn] o'/f]
glnPsf] . k|jf;df a;]sf xfdLxsf]
d'Vo p2]Zo ;du| ;fdflhs hLjgeGbf
klg cfgf] lgtfGt kfl/jfl/s hLjgsf]
plrt Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;'vb
elj:osf] cfzf ub}{ lab]l;Psf xf}+ . xfdLn]
cfgf] oxfFsf] k"0f{ ;do cy{ cfh{gdf
dfq} nufpg] xf] eg] ;+u7gdf lxF8s
] f
clwsf+z JolStxn] clxn] eGbf ;'vb
/ ;xh hLjg lhpg ;Sg]5g\ . km]l/
klg lxhf]sf] cfgf] cf:yfsf] sf/0fn]
g]kfnL ;dfhdf rn]sf] pvfg g ul/
vfg' g d/L hfg' eg] h:t} . g t
cfkm'nfO{ kf6L{sf] nflu k"0f{sfnLg
sfo{stf{ agfpg ;lsof] g s]jn cy{
cfh{gdf dfq} l;ldt ug{ ;lsof] . of]
lab]zLPsf] a]lNhodsf] g]kfnL ;dfhdf
lbge/L sfddf hf]ltP/ /flt g;fdf
;'Tg] / laxfg cnfd{sf] e/df p7\gx]
gePsf xf]Ogg\ . csf]{lt/ x/]s
;KtfxGtdf dgf]/Ghgsf] nflu 6g] df
e]l6g] uf]/x] sf] lardf cfgf] Tof]
;+u7gdf lxF8b\ fsf] ;do cy{ cfh{g,
rGbf, oftfoft tyf ks]6 vr{sf] hf]xf] ub}{
cfkm' eg] g]kfnL ;dfhxsf] ultljlwdf
;xefuL x'g lx8]sf] xf];\ jf ;+u7gsf] ldl6+df
lx8]sf] lsg gxf]; . vNnf] slxNo} dx;';
ePg . of] ;a} cf:yfsf] sf/0f lyof] . o;df
xfd|f] lgtfGt s'g} JolStut p2]Zo s]xL
5}g . s]xL 5 eg] ;fgf] c+z lsg gxf]; b]z
/ hgtfsf] kIfdf xf] . ;du|df eGbf g]kfn
/ g]kfnLs} ;'vb kl/jt{gsf] nflu ;fgf]
of]ubfg g xf] .
dflyg} b'O{ g]tfxsf] af/]df nfdf]
e"ldsf lbO{ ;lsof] ls g]tfdf xfdLnfO{
s'g} ;d:of xf]Og . xfd|f] tL ;a} g]tfnfO{
;Ddfg clg cfb/ efj plQs} 5 . h;n]
lxhf]sf lbgdf h] ;s] b]z / hgtfsf]
nflu lg:jfy{efjn] ;]jf u/] . cfgf]
hLjgsf] cd'No ;do o;}df vr{ u/] .
efjgfdf cfP/ s;}n] s;}nfO{ JolStut
kdf dfg / cfb/ ug{ ;Sb5 . t/,
;+u7g / ljrf/sf] nflu t efjgf k|wfg
gx'g] /x]5 . of] t ltgn] lbPsf] gLlt /
sfo{qmddf kf] x'g] /x]5 . lxhf] Tolt cfb/
/ ;Ddfg u/]sf g]tf ha cfkm'n] eg]sf
s'/f Aoaxf/df nfu' ug{ sfDg] u5{ .
clg s] ug{ < cj:o klg ljsNksf]
dfu ubf]/{ x]5 kl/jt{g rfxg]n] . lab|fx]
! sd/]8 ls/0fn] l;sfPsf] oxL xf] .
laKnjn] l;sfPsf] klg oxL xf] . o:t}
eof], sd/]8 ls/0f;Fu . h;nfO{ k|dv
'
cltlysf] kdf af]nfPsf lyof},+ tL ;a}n]

k"0f{kdf ls/0fhLn] lnPsf] af6f]n] g]kfn

/ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ lgsf; glbg] elg
o'/f]ksf ;Dk"0f{ ;+u7gn] ;fd"lxs kdf
Ps dtn] ;DaGw laR5]b ug{ k'luof] .
ha Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL;Fu hgo'2sf d'No,
dfGotf, cfbz{ / l;2fGt Tofu]/ ;Qf
k|flKtsf] gfddf k'lhafbdf lalng
x'gk'u] . kb / k};fsf] nflu /fi6 3ftdf
NofKr] nufpg tof/ eP . To;}n]
zlxbsf] /utsf] d'Nosf] s;d vfb} nfn
u2f/sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] kf6L{ lsg emG8}
;fF9] b'O aif{ df}g /xg k'Uof] ? hgo'2sf]
hudf hglab|fx] eGg] . t/ To;sf]
cfjZos tof/L slxNo} gug]{ lsg <
s'g lbg To;sf] nflu tof/L uof]
kf6L{n] < s'g lbg cfd sfo{stf{df
5nkmn uof] < Tolx ;b:o;Fu dfl;s
n]aL p7fpg clgjfo{ ug{ . t/ lab|fx] sf]
nflu ;xefuL x'g ;+:yfut slxNo} dfu
gug{ lsg < of] ;a} s'/fdf qmflGtsf/L
Jojxf/df ;'wf/jfbL nfOg xf] . xfdLnfO
;'wf/jfb xf]Og kl/jt{g rflxPsf] xf] .
hgtfsf] d'lSt rflxPsf] xf] . hgo'2n]
p7fPsf au{ ln, hflt, If]q, blnt,
d'l:nd, cNk;+Vos ;d'bfosf] lxtdf
x'gu] l/ klxrfg / ;fdYo{ ;lxtsf] ;+3Lo
hgu0ftGq rflxPsf] xf] . ;+lawfg ;ef
t /0fgLlt k|flKtsf] nflu lnOPsf]
sfo{gLlt lyof] . of] cfh k|ltlqmofafbLsf]
lsQfdf k'us
] f] 5 . lxhf] zflGt /
;+lawfgsf] gf/f nufpg] ;+;bjfbLx
cfh zflGtsf] s'/f la;]/{ ;+lawfgsf]
dfq s'/f ug{ k'us
] f 5g\ h'g cfkm}df
ck"0f{ 5 . of] ck"0f{tfn] ;du| g]kfn /
g]kfnLsf] lxtdf sfd ug{ ;Sb}g .
/f]Nkfb]lv !@ a'bF ] x'bF } ;a} ;xdlt la;]/{
cfhsf] lslgPsf] bnfn k'h
F Lkltsf] k|eT' j
/x]sf] ;+lawfg ;efdf b'Ol{ txfO{sf]
a}wflgstfsf] xjfnf lbP/ ;+lawfg hf/L
ug]{ s'/f eO/x]sf] 5 . o;/L x]bf{ cfh
lxhf]sf] b'O{ ;Qf / b'O{ zlStsf] s'/f
;lsPsf] cj:yf xf] . ;du| d f
;+qmd0fsfnsf] cGt ePsf] 5 .
k|ltqmflGt ePsf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf
lgl/x eP/ afFRg' / ;+qmd0fsfn ;lsPsf]
5}g eGg' ;/f;/ oyfl:yltjfb xf] . emg\
ca hgo'2 ;Dej 5}g eg]/ eGg' sf]lx
klg qmflGtsf/LxnfO{ :jLsfo{ x'g}
;Sb}g . To;}n] g]skfdfcf]jfbLaf6
;DaGw ljR5]b u/]/ sd/]8 ljKnjsf]
g]tT[ jdf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL
lgdf{0f eO;s]kl5 ;xof]4fx klg b'jl} t/
afFl8g' :jfefljs xf] . ;fdflhs
;~hfnnufotsf
ljleGg
;~rf/dfWoddf Ps csf{kl| t lxnf] 5\ofKg]
u/L 6Lsfl6Kk0fL gug{ g} /fd|f] . of] s;}sf]
lghL dfldnf xf]Og . of] ljrf/sf] k|Zg
xf] . of] cufl8 a9\g] ls ga9\g] eGg]
k|Zg xf] . d"n kdf of] dxfg hgo'4sf]
sfo{ef/ s;n] / s;/L k"/f ug]{ eGg]
k|Zg xf] . xfd|f k|xf/sf lgzfgf
k|ltlqmofjfbL lzlj/lt/ ;f]ofg'kg]d{ f
cfk"mcfk"mdf ;Qf];/fk ug]{ sfd gubf{
pko'St x'G5 . o;sf] nflu PsLs[t
qmflGt sf] j}rfl/s ax;df ;xefuL x'bF }
jf:tljs kdf dfcf]jfbnfO{ cfTd;ft
ug]x{ k'g uf]na4 x'g h?/L 5 .
PsLs[t qmflGtn] ;kgf k"/f u/fpg ;s]
g;s] klg 6'6s
] f ;kgfnfO{ hf]8g\ ] sfd
cjZo u/]sf] 5 . dfcf] holGtsf]
cj;/df v'nf d+rdf cfof]hgf u/]sf]
sfo{qmdn] /0fg}lts dxTj k|bfg ub}{
k| l tlqmofjfbLxsf] s] G b| b ] l v
lj:tf/jfbsf] /fhwfgL;Dd sDkgo'St
t/ k}bf u/]sf] 5 .
To;} n ] , h' g kf6L{ hgtfsf
d'2fxnfO{ lg:jfy{efjn] ;Daf]wg ub}{
;Demf}tfxLg ;+3if{ u5{ . Tof] kf6L{l;t
xfd|f] ;+u7gn] p7fpb} cfPsf Ph]08fx
d]n vfG5 . ToxL kf6L{n] lnPsf gLlt
/ sfo{qmddf xfd|f] ;xof]u / ;dy{g
/xg'kb{5 . :jfwLgtf;lxtsf] ;d'Ggt
g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fdf g} k|jf;L g]kfnLsf]
pHjn eljio 5 . ToxL kf6L{ / gLltk|lt
xfd|f] df]rf{sf] P]Soa2tf /xg]5 .
-kf7s hgk| u ltlzn df] r f{ ,
a]lNhodsf cWoIf x'g_\

g]u'0ffka9Lfndf===
ljls/0f dfkg ul/Psf] 5 .
vfgL ljefun] ufdf/] :k]S6f]:sf]kL
ld6/sf] ;xfotfn] tLge+ufn] If]qdf
@$ jif{cl3 u/]sf] k/LIf0fdf @& xhf/
$ ;o % s'n ljls/0f sfpG6
k|lt;s]G8 -;LkLP;_ b]lvPsf] lyof],
hals cf};t hldgdf Ps ;ob]lv
! ;o %) ;LkLP; dfq ljls/0f k|efj
b] l vG5 . g] k fndf k] N df6fO6 /
u|g] fO6hGo rfgdf o'/l] god kfOPsf]
5 . afn'jf;Fu ldl>t o'/]lgodsf]
dfqf ljZjdf %) k|ltzt a9L
kfOPsf] Ps cWoogdf b]lvPsf] 5 .
ljz]if1xsf egfOdf ljls/0f pTkGg
ug]{ wft' h:t} o'/]lgod, yf]/lod /
km:kmf]/; x'g ;Sg] k|jn ;Defjgf
x'G5 . cGt/f{li6o k/df0f' pmhf{ ;+:yf
-cfO{PO{P_ sf] dfkg cg';f/ hldgdf
;ft ;o ;LkLP;hlt o'/f]lgodsf]
ljls/0f ePdf vfgL pTvgg of]Uo
dflgG5 .
cf0fljs phf{ g] k fnnfO{
cfjZos lsg <
elgG5 cfjZostf cflj:sf/sf]
hggL xf] . t/ ;'t]sf] l;+xsf] d'vdf
d[u cfkm}F cfP/ k:g] t xf]Og{ . lj=;=+
@)@! ;fnlt/ jl/i7 hn;|f]tljb
8f= xl/dfg >]i7n] cfgf] ljBfjfl/wL
;f]wkqdf g]kfnsf] ;DefJo hnljB't\
Ifdtf *#))) d]ufjf6 /x]sf] tYo
aflx/ NofP . g]kfn hn;|f]tdf wgL
eP klg kof{Kt kdf o;sf] pkof]u
x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cfly{s kn]
pTkfbg x' g ;Sg] $@)))
d]ufjf6dWo] s]jn & ;o d]ufjf6
hlt pTkfbg ug{ ;lsPsf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] cfly{s al:kn] ;DefJo
Ifdtf elgPsf] $@))) d]ufjf6
xfnsf] hg;+Vof ;f9] b'O{ s/f]8n]
lx;fa ubf{ ;a} Ifdtfsf hnlaB't
cfof]hgf agfpFbf klg k|ltJolSt
&))) o'lg6 kb{5 . ;d[4zfnL
kfZrfTo d"n'sdf k|ltJolSt lah'nL
vkt @)))) o'lg6eGbf a9L x'G5 .
t/ xfd|f] cfgf] ;Dk"0f{ Ifdtf pkof]u
ubf{ klg k'Ub}g . cfufdL @% jif{;Dd
g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof $ s/f]8 cg'dfg
ul/Psf] x'gfn] To; ;do ;Dddf
$@))) d]ufjf6 lah'nL pTkfbg
ePdf klg k|ltJolSt lah'nL vkt
$^)) o'lg6 dfq x'g cfp+5 .
!)))) o'lg6 k|ltJolSt k'ofpg
xfdLnfO{ *$ xhf/ d]ufjf6 @%
jif{leq agfpg'kb{5 . g]kfnsf ^)
k|ltzt pkef]Stf ;w} cWof/f]df
a:5g\ clg dfucg';f/sf] ljB't\
cfk"lt{ x'g} g;s]sf] cj:yfdf 5 .
dNy;sf] hg;+Vofsf] l;4fGtcg';f/
k|To]s @% aif{df hg;+Vof bf]Aa/
x' G 5 . t/ xfd| f ] b] z df ePsf]
hn;|f]tsf] Ifdtf *#))) d]ufjf6
eg] l:y/ x'G5 . of] Ifdtfn] eljZosf]
law't dfunfO{ wfGg ;Sb}g . casf]
%)!)) aif{kl5 xfd|f ;GttLn]
xfdLn] ef]Ug'k/]sf] h:tf] nf]8z]8Lsf]
b'Mv ef]Ug' gk/f]; eGg] sfdgf dfq
gu/L xfdLn] cf0fljs phf{tkm{
lb3{sfnLg ;f]rsf ;fy nfUg'kb{5 .
Ps lsnf] o' / ] l god@#% sf]
kl/df0faf6 pTkflbt ljB't\ zlSt
#))))) -tLg nfv_ 6g sf]Onf
afNbf cfpg] zlSt;/x x' G 5 .
o'/f]lkog Go'lSno/ ;f];fO6Lsf] Ps
cWoogcg';f/ Ps lsnf] sf]Onfaf6
* lsnf]jf6 / Ps lsnf] t]naf6
sl/a !@ lsnf]jf6 pmhf{ lgl:sG5 .
68] 6]ssf cg';f/ Ps kfp08 PNnf]
s]ssf] d'No #% cd]l/sL 8n/ kb{5 .
cf0fljs xltof/ / lrlsT;f lj1fgdf
;d]t k|of]u x'g] z'4 o'/]lgod !
u|fdsf] d"No 8]9 s/f]8 k}ofFeGbf
a9L k5{ . g]kfnL ljlskLl8ofdf
ePsf] o'/l] god gfds n]vsf cg';f/
!) u|fd z'4 o'/]lgod@#% sf]
cGt/f{li6o ahf/sf] j}w d"No @)
nfv ( xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/ -s/la
@) s/f]8 ?lkofF_ k5{ . o; cfwf/df
Ps lsnf]sf] d"No @) s/f]8 ( nfv
cd]l/sL 8n/ -s/la @) ca{ ?lkofF_
kg{ cfpF5, h'g ;'gsf] ahf/ efpeGbf

/fatOfc t]u $ 3fd nf; !&)@

emG8} $ xhf/ % ;o u'0ff a9L xf] .

t/, Ps lsnf] o'/]lgod@#% af6 @
s/f]8 $) nfv lsnf]jf6 pmhf{
pTkfbg x'G5 . pmhf{sf] cToGt
zlStzfnL ;|ft] o'/l] godaf6 ljB't\
pTkfbg x'G5 . k|mfG;n] t &% k|ltzt
ljB't\ pTkfbg cf0fljs e6\6Laf6}
u/]sf] 5 . ljZje/ $)) hlt o:tf
cf0fljs e6\6L ;~rfngdf 5g\ .
cf0fljs e6\6L lj?4df Jofks
cfjfh p7fO/x]sf] cd]l/sfdf dfq}
!)) ;ohlt o:tf e6\6L 5g\ .
cf0fljs e6\ 6 Ldf gflesLo
lqmofdfkm{ t \ phf{ pTkfbg ug] {
ul/G5 . cf0fljs e6\6Ldf phf{
pTkfbg u/]/ lah'nL pTkfbg ug{
;lsG5 . lasl;t b]zdf !)))
d]ufjf6 Ifdtf ePsf] cf0fljs
e6\6Ln] !) nfv dfG5] a:g] Ps
cfw'lgs zx/nfO{ kof{Kt lah'nL
k|bfg ug{;S5 . ;+;f/sf]] !@ lah'nL
o"/]lgod k|of]]u ePsf] cf0fljs
e6\6Laf6 pTkfbg x'G5 . clxn] klg
nf]8z]l8sf] ;d:of ef]Ug' kl//x]sf]
a]nf b]zdf ;/sf/n] pmhf{ ljsf;
/0fgLlt NofPsf] 5 . xfn;fn} @)
jif{sf] pmhf{ ljsf; sfo{of]hgf klg
ag]sf] 5 . cGt/f{li6o phf{ Ph]G;Lsf]
cg' d fgcg' ; f/ laZjsf] phf{
cfjZostf ;g\ @)#) ;Dd ^)
k|ltztn] a[l4 x'g]5 . of] phf{sf]
dfu lasf;f]Gd'v d'n'saf6 x'g]5 .
laZjsf] s'n phf{ pTkfbgsf] !(
k|ltzt dfq} hnlaB't 5 . ;fgf] !
d]ufjf6sf] lah'nL pTkfbg ug{;d]t
nueu !% s/f]8 k}+of rflxG5 .
o;sf] t'ngfdf cf0fljs phf{ w]/}
;:tf] x'g hfG5 .
xfd|f a}1flgs, hn;|ft] labx
g]kfndf k|z:t kfgL 5 lsg rflxof]
cf0fljs e6\6L eGg] ub{5g\ . s] efjL
;Gtltsf] nflu g;f]Rg] < eljionfO{
g;f]rL atdfgnfO{ dfq ;f]Rg] <
g]kfnsf] lasf; gx'gd' f b'/bzL{ ;f]rsf]
sdLn] klg xf] . lautdf dflg;n]
rGb|dfdf k'us
] f] sNkgf gu/]sf] eP
zfob dlg; rGb|df k'Ug] klg lyPg
xf]nf . kfgLkfgL dfq xf]Og ca
vfgLdf klg nufgL ug{k' 5{ . hn;|ft]
dfq xf]Og vlgh ;|f]tsf] clws
bf] x gsf nflu ;fj{ h lgslghL
;fem]bf/Ldf vfgL pTvgg ug'k{ 5{ .
gbLgfnfdf au]sf] kfgLdfq xf]Og
df6f]d'lg u8]sf vlgh kbfy{sf]
Joj;flos Pj+ Jojl:yt pTvgg /
ahf/Ls/0f ug{ ;s] d'ns
' sf] cfly{s
ljsf;df pNn]Vo of]ubfg k'Ug] tYo
/fHosf]ifdf bflvnf ePsf] /fh:jn]
k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . cfg} b]zdf pknAw
sRrf kbfy{df cfwfl/t pBf]u g}
b]zsf] lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos
x'G5 . dxFuf] wft' o'/l] god lgof{t
ug{;s] cy{tGqdf 7"nf] km8\sf] dfg{
;lsg] pgLx atfpF5g\ . c:6l] nofdf
ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] o'/l] god e08f/
5 . o'/l] god pTkfbgdf eg] of] b]z
t];f| ] :yfgdf k5{ . c:6l] nofn] cfk"mn]
pTkfbg u/]sf] ;a} o'/l] god lgof{t
u5{ . ljleGg klZrd] n L b] z
o'/l] godaf6 pTkflbt ljB'td\ f lge{/
5g\ . s]xL ;do cl3 dfq} ef/tsf]
blIf0fL /fHo cfGw| k|bz
] df ;DejtM
ljZjs} 7"nf] k/df0f' e08f/ km]nf k/]sf]
lyof] . ! nfv %) xhf/ 6g k/df0f'
ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] pSt e08f/
kQf nufpg $ jif{ nfu]sf] lyof] .
o;/L xfd|f] b]zdf ePsf] o'/l] godnfO{
vf]h cg';Gwfg u/]/ k|zf]wg u/L PNnf]
s]snfO{ lab]zdf lgof{t ug{ ;lsG5 .
o;af6 c/af} 8n/ k};f sdfpg
;lsG5 . o'/]lgodnfO{ k|of]u u/L
lah'nL lgsfn]/ lab]zdf a]Rg ;lsG5 .
b]z la1fg k|lalwsf] If]qdf nDsG5 .
t/ o;sf] pkof]u ubf{ cToGt} xf]l;of/
x'gk' 5{ . cf0fljs e6\6L agfP/ P6d
ad, xfO8f]hg ad agfpg] eg]sf] xf]Og
o;af6 lah'nL lgsfnf} . cToGt} yf]/}
lk08af6 c;fWo} w]/} sNkgf ug{
g;lsg] law't zStL lgsfNg ;lsG5 .
h;af6 xfd|f] b]zd nf]8z
\ l] 8 ;bfsf]
nflu x6\g5
] .

/fatOfc t]u $ 3fd nf; !&)@

cfhsf] /fhgLlts lgsf; ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lj36g

g] k fnL /fhgLltdf oltv] /
crDdsf] t/u pTkGg ePsf] 5 .
ljz]ift df3 * sf] ldltn] slyt
wf]s]jfh, sfdrf]/, ukmf8L / w't{
g]tf egfpbFxsf] ;ftf] k'Tnf] hfg'sf
;fy} pgLxsf] xf]; g} p8]sf] 5 .
g]kfnL gful/snfO{ ;w}F 9fF6 5n /
ckdfg u/]/} cfgf] slyt /fhgLlts
sfnf] wGbf l6sfpb}F cfPsf hg
AjfF;f]x of] k6s g/fd|f;
] uF km:g]
ePsf 5g\ . cem egf}F cfk"mn] vg]sf]

lgdf{0fsf] cf]7e] lQm b]vfPklg s'g} klg

kf6L{sf g]tfx uDeL/ eP/ ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0fdf nfu]sf 5}gg\ . ;a} ;+ljwfg
gaGg'sf] bf]if Psn] csf{nfO{ nufO{
/x]sf 5g\ . cem egf}F /fhgLlts
;+:sf/, Jojxf/ / cfr/0fnfO{ ;d]t
Vofn gu/L Psn] csf{nfO{ g\Uofpb}F
/ qmdz cfkm}F b]z / gful/s ;fd"
gf\luPsf 5g\ . ljutsf cg'ej /
xfd|f ljb]zLsf rfs8L / bnfnL ug]{
g]tfxsf] /j}of x]bf{ g]kfndf ;+ljwfg

;+s]t b]lvPsf] 5 .
cfgf] nflu cfkm}F ;+ljwfg agfpg
kfpg] hgtfsf] clwsf/nfO{ :yflkt
ug{s} nflu ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfa
ul/Psf] elgPtfklg /fhgLlts
kf6L{xsf] Jojxf/ x]bf{ To:tf] cj:yf
b]lvb}Fg . pgLx Hgtfsf] k|ltlglw
sd / /fhgLlts kf6L{sf] g]tf a9L
b]lvg] u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} ;+ljwfg
agfpg sd / cfgf] kf6L{sf] ljwfg
agfpg a9L OR5f b]vfPs} sf/0f

o'j/fh ;kmn
ljutdf /fhtGqsf] u'nfd agL
/fhfdxf/fhfxn] e'OF df r9fPsf]
l;Ssf / e'OF df em/]sf] h'7f] vfP/
hLjg lgjf{x u/]sf sfFu;
]| Pdfn] /
/fk|kfx cfh ;+ljwfg ;efsf
c;nL lxdfotL ag]sf 5g\ . of]
eGbf k|ltudg csf]{ x'g ;Sb}g .
lxhf] csf{n] eFO' df emf/]sf] l;Ssf
/ e'OF Df} em/]sf] h'7f] vfP/ x'ss
{] f lognfO{ g]kfnL hgtfn] ef]6
lbP/ Pp6f x}l;otdf k'ofO{ lbP, cem egf}F s/f]8fF} n'6g\ kfOg]
7fFpdf k'ofO{ lbP . t/ s's/" nfO{ o" kRb}g eGg] pvfgnfO{
rl/tfy{ ub}{ pgLx cfgf] lxhf]sf] x}l;otdf hfg /x/ ug{
yfn]sf 5g\ . ;fy} gs{df /dfPsf] kmf]xf]/L ;'u'/nfO{ :ju{ dg
gk/]sf] em} pgLxnfO{ :ju{ dg k/]sf] 5}g / pgLx Kfm]l/
gs{df cfpg vf]hL /x]sf 5g\ t;y{ clxn]sf] ;+ljwfg ;ef gs{
xf] of] lj36g ug]{ dfq x}g o;nfO{ cfuf] g} nufpg'k5{ x}g eg]
of] gs{jf6 vt/gfs od/fh lg:sg]5 / o;n] g g]kfn /xg
lbG5 g g]kfnLnO{ g} .
))))
)$& ;fns} sfd gnfUg] eg]/ kmflnPsf] Tof] s'kqnfO{ gfd, / s]xL :jk
km]//] To;nfO{ ;'kq' 3f]if0ff u/]/ b]z / hgtfsf] jLrdf Nofpg
vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . ct o:tf] k|ltufdL xs{t ug]{ / :jfy{ /fVg] of] e"t,
d;fg / nf; ;efn] ;'kq' hGdfpg ;Sb}g . cem ;dln\uLxn] s'g}
klg xfntdf uef{wfg ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . o:tf xfjfbf/L ;dln\uLxsf]
if8\oGqnfO{ k/f:t u/f}F . cfhs} lbgjf6 slyt ;+ljwfg ;ef kL e"t
;efsf] cj;fg u/fpg ;a} gful/s xftdf d;fn af]sf},F o;nfO{
hnfpg lrtf tof/ u/f},F dnfdL, 3f/f], sfqf]x vf]hf}F / o;nfO{ cfh}sf]
lbgjf6 ;vfk kfg]{ k|0f u/f}F / hgtfsf] rfxgf efjgf adf]lhdsf]
gful/sd'vL ;+ljwfg agfO{ gful/s /fHosf] lgdf{0f ug{ b[9 ;+sNKf u/L
k|To]s g]kfnL gful/s xftdf xft / sfFwdf sfFw clg ;fy ;fydf ;fy
ldnfO{ cl3 a9f}F .
vfN8f]df cfkm}F kb}{ 5g\ . klxnf]
;+ljwfg ;efjf6 ;+ljwfg agfpg
c;kmn /fhgLlts kf6L{x bf];|f]
;+ljwfg ;efjf6 ;+ljwfg agfp5fF}
eGb} b]zsf] 9's6' Ljf6 cjf}F{ k}ofF
vr{ u/fP/ km]l/ cfd gful/snfO{
ef]6 xfNg nufP/ ;+ljwfg ;efdf
k'us
] f 5g\ . ;+ljwfg agfpg] gfddf
cg]s vfnsf sfnf sfdx Ufl//x]sf
5g\ . s]jn ;Qfdf k'Ug] / zlQm
cfh{g u/L cfgf] l;ldt JolQmut
Pjd\ PsdgfjfbL /fhgLlts :jfy{
k'/f x'g] sfo{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . s;/L
;Qfdf k'Ug] < s;/L b]znfO{ vf]qmf]
kfg]{ / hgtfnfO{ s;/L dxfd"v{
agfpg] eGg] wGbfdf pgLxsf] Wofg
uO{/x]sf] 5 . aflx/ aflx/ ;+ljwfg

;efjf6 hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg gaGg] kSsf

kSsL eO{ ;Sof] . hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg
agfp5f}F egL hgtfsf] dt lnP/
;+ljwfg ;efdf hfg] / hgtfsf]
cu|ufdL ;+ljwfg agfpg glbg]
v]ndf hglj/f]wLx Nffu]sf 5g\ .
clxn]sf] at{dfg ;+ljwfg ;efnfO{
x]bf{klg Tof] s'/f k|dfl0ft x'G5 .
ljZjsf w]/} b]zdf ;+ljwfg agfpgs}
nflu eg]/ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfa
ePsf] b[ i 6fGt ePklg ;+ l jwfg
;efjf6 ;+ljwfg ag]sf pbfxf/0fx
sd} 5g\ . sltko b]zdf bh}gfF} k6s
;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfa ul/Psf] t/
klg ;+ljwfg gag]sf] Oltxf; 5 .
ct g]kfndf klg b'O{ b'O{ k6s ePsf]
;+ljwfg ;efjf6 ;+ljwfg gaGg] k|i6

;+ljwfg agfpg g;s]sf x'g . csf]{

s'/f g]kfn /fi6 / g]kfnL gful/snfO{
s]Gb| ljGb'df /fv]/ eGbf klg ljb]zL
:jfy{nfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0f ug{ vf]Hg'n] klg xfd|f] b]zdf
;+ljwfg aGg g;s]sf] xf] . cem xfd|f
/fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tff :x tyf
/fhgLlts kf6L{x bnut :jfy{
eGbf dfly p7]/ sf dug{ g;Sg'sf]
sf/0fn] klg ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f x'g
g;s]sf] xf] . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s;/L
/ s;n] ug]{ eGg] s'/fsf] 1fg xfdLnfO{
gxFb' f klg ;+ljwfg aGg g;s]sf] xf] .
pbfxf/0fsf] nflu ;+ljwfg agfpg]
s'/f s'g} hf]ssf] ljifo x}g, ;+ljwfg
s'g} eL8n] agfpg] x}g, s'g} hTyf jf
;d"xn] agfpg] x}g . ;+ljwfg t

lj1xn] agfpg] xf] Tof] s'/fnfO{

xfdLn] slxn]klg dgg\ ug{ ;s]gf}F .
;dfj]zL / ;dfg'kfltssf] gfddf
lgDg lrGtg\ /fVg] ljleGg
JolQmxsf] ;+ljwfg ;efdf k|j]z
eof] . pgLxn] ToxfF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f
eGbf klg cfgf] cx+sf/ 3d08 /
cg]s /j}of tyf xs{tx B]vfpg
yfn] kmn:j?Kf oL oL h:t} cg]s
sf/0fn] ;+ljwfg aGg ;s]g . ct
oL ;a 36gfxsf] ef]ufO{ kl5
g] k fndf o:t} ;+ l jwfg ;efsf]
lgjf{rg xhf/ k6s u/]klg ;+ljwfg
aGg ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft eO{
;s]sf] 5 . ca hlt;Sbf] rfF8f] of]
k|ltufdL / kZrufdLxsf] afx'Notf
/x]sf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lj36g ug'{
k5{ / cGo ljsNkf/f hgtfsf]
cu|ufdL ;+ljwfg ;'lglZrt ug]{
ljsNk vf]Hg' k5{ olb of] d"bf{ ;+ljwfg
;efn] ;+ljwfg Noffof] eg] o;n] ltg}
e"t k|]t /fIf; / d"s'{6f]xsf] enfO{
ug]{ ;+ljwfg Nofpg] x'g t;y{ lgDg
sf/0fn] ubf{ at{dfg ;+ljwfg ;efsf]
lj36g / ;j{ k IfLo /fhgLlts
dxf;efdfkm{t ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf]
sfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fpFg k5{ .
;+ljwfg ;efdf k|ltufdLsf] ar{:j
bf];f| ] ;+ljwfg ;ef k|ltufdLxsf]
sJhfdf k'us
] f] 5 . h;nfO{ ;+ljwfg
;efsf] eg]sf] yfxf g} 5}g To:tf
dxfx/fdx ;+ljwfg ;efdf k'u]sf
5g\ / cfk"mnfO{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] /Ifs
/ c?nfO{ eIfs elg/x]sf 5g\ .
b'lgofFnfO{ yfxf 5 h;n] lxhf] ;+ljwfg
;efsf] s'/f p7fpg]xsf] lj?df
eo+s/ o' yf]kof] . cg]s oftgf
lbof], 6fpsfsf] d"No tf]Sof], s}ogF sf]
5ftLdf uf]nL 7f]Sof], vf;df oL
g/lkzfrxnfO{ hgtfn] s73f/fdf
pEofP/ hgkmfF;L lbg' kb{Yof] t/
klg g]kfnL gful/sn] oLgLxsf]
kfkjf6 d"lQm lbb}F hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg
agfpg] cj;/ lbPsf lyP . t/ cfh
oL eIfsx Gf} /Ifs agL ;f]emf
afv|fxsf] eL8df uf]7fnf]sf] e]ifwf/0f
u/L e6fe6 afv|f vfPh:tf] u/L
g]kfnL gful/ssf] /ut r';L /x]sf
5g\ . lxhf] /f0ffsfndf klg
/f0fflj/f]wL dxf;+u|fd rNof] t/
cfGbf]ng ;Demf}tfdf 6'l+ uPkl5 /f0ff
g} k|wfgdGqL eP, To:t} k~rfotL
zf;gsfndf klg cfGbf]ng eof], Tof]
cfGbf] n gkl5 k~r] x nfO{ g}
;/sf/df dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L lbg]
sfo{ eof] , To:t} )^@ kl5sf]
cfGbf] n gdf
klg
cfGbf]nglj/f]wLxnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ :yfg
lbg] sfo{ eof] . ljutdf /fhtGqsf]
u'nfd agL /fhfdxf/fhfxn] e'OF df
r9fPsf] l;Ssf / e'OF df em/]sf] h'7f]
vfP/ hLjg lgjf{x u/]sf sfFu|];
Pdfn] / /fk|kfx cfh ;+ljwfg
;efsf c;nL lxdfotL ag]sf 5g\ .
of] eGbf k|ltudg csf]{ x'g ;Sb}g .
lxhf] csf{n] eF'Odf emf/]sf] l;Ssf /
e'OF Df} em/]sf] h'7f] vfP/ x'ss
{] f lognfO{
g]kfnL hgtfn] ef]6 lbP/ Pp6f
x}l;otdf k'ofO{ lbP, cem egf}F
s/f]8fF} n'6g\ kfOg] 7fFpdf k'ofO{ lbP .
t/ s's/" nfO{ o" kRb}g eGg] pvfgnfO{
rl/tfy{ ub}{ pgLx cfgf] lxhf]sf]
x}l;otdf hfg /x/ ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
;fy} gs{df /dfPsf] kmf]xf]/L ;'u'/nfO{
:ju{ dg gk/]sf] em} pgLxnfO{ :ju{
dg k/]sf] 5}g / pgLx Kfm]l/ gs{df
cfpg vf]hL /x]sf 5g\ t;y{ clxn]sf]
;+ljwfg ;ef gs{ xf] of] lj36g ug]{
dfq x}g o;nfO{ cfuf] g} nufpg'k5{
x}g eg] of] gs{jf6 vt/gfs od/fh
lg:sg]5 / o;n] g g]kfn /xg lbG5
g g]kfnLnO{ g} . ;a}nfO{ r]tgf eof .
bfgj hGdfpg] ;+ l jwfg ;ef
gfds e" t ;ef
dfG5]x o;nfO{ ;+ljwfg ;ef
eg] / pRrf/0f ul//x] s f 5g\ .

g9fF6LeGbf of] ;+ljwfg ;efkL e"t

;ef xf] . d;fn ;ef xf], nf; ;ef
xf] . lsgsL of] eGbf uPu'h|]sf] e"t
;ef c? x'g ;Sb}g . g]kfn /fi6 /
g]kfnL gful/sn] cfk"mnfO{ cg's"n
kg]{ ;+ljwfgsf] ;'gf}nf] ;+;f/ vf]hs
] f
5g\ t/ clxn]sf] e"t ;efn] k|ltudg,
g/;+xf/ afx]s csf]{ lrh hGdfpg
;Sb}g . olb s;}nfO{ o;n] hgtfsf]
;+ljwfg lbG5 eGg] e|d rn]sf] 5
eg] Tof] sf]/f{ sNkgf lzjfo c? x'g
;Sb}g . d;f3f6jf6 dfgjsf] hGd
x'G5 eGg' / of] slyt e"t ;efjf6
;+ljwfg aG5 eGg' Pp6} s'/f xf] .
t;y{ of] ;+ljwfg ;ef kL e"t
;efnfO{ hlt;Sbf] rfF8f] lj36g
ug' { k 5{ , cfhsf] P] l txfl;s
cfjZostf klg olx xf] .
xf] xNnf ub} { ufO{ h fqf b] v fpg]
ufO{ h fqf ;ef
yfxf 5}g ^)! sf] eL8 v8f
ePsf] xf] xNnf ug]{ of] ufO{hfq]
;efnfO{ lsg xfdL ;+ljwfg ;efsf]
pkdf lbO/x]sf 5f}F . ls xfdL o;nfO{
Jo+UofTds z}nLdf ;+ljwfg ;ef
elg/x] s f 5f} F . ljut ;+ l jwfg
;efb]lv cfh;Ddsf] cj:yf x]bf{
o;nfO{ ;+ljwfg ;ef sd / xf] xNnf
clg ufO{hfqf b]vfpg] ;ef a9L b]lvg
yfn]sf] 5 . cem o;f] klg eGbf xf]nf
of] clN5 s'Des0f{x e]nf eP/ ;'Tg],
ysfO{ dfg]{, xf] xNnf ug]{ clg
6fOdkf; ug]{ ynf] xf] . To:t} /ldt]
algg] agfOg] 6] j n 76fpg] ,
cgfxsdf ;lGsP/ cfqmf]z kf]Vg]
nufotsf xs{t b]vfpg] ufOhfq] ;ef
xf] of], of] ufOhfq] ;efn] Oltxf;sf]
s'gk} lg df]8df ;+ljwfg n]Vg ;Sb}g
o;df s;} n ] z+ s f gu/] x' G 5 .
To;sf/0f klg o:tf s/f]8f}F k}ofF
vr]{/ olt dx+uf] ufOhfqf x]g{ /
To:tf ufOhfqf b]vfpg] snfsf/kL
7uxnfO{ kfNg g]kfnL gful/s tof/
5}gg\ . t;y{ klg of] ufOhfq} ;ef
cfhs} lbgb]lv lj36g x'g k5{ .
;'kq eGb} s'kq' hGdfpg] ynf]
olb s'g} gful/snfO{ at{dfg
;+ljwfg ;efkL e"t ;efn] cu|ufdL
hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg -h;nfO{ ;'k'q

gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] 5 _ Nofp5g\ eGg]

nfu]sf] 5 eg] of] ltgn] b]Vg] lbjf
;kgf / e|Df lzjfo c? s]xL klg
x} g . cGtt oL k| l tufdLxn]
kZrufdL ;+ljwfg -h;nfO{ s'kq' egL
gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] 5 _ Nofpg] x'g\ .
;Defjgf s] b]lvb}5 eg] xtf/ xtf/df
)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ k'g:{ yfkgf
ug{s} nflu oLgLxn] df3 * df
;+ljwfg lbG5f}F eg]sf x'g\ . df3 *
;Dd ;'kq' sf] hGd x'g] ;Defjgf 5}g .
lsgsL ;'kq' hGdfpg ue{wfg ePs}
5}g . s]jn ;dln\uLx Ufe{wfg
u/]sf 5f}F eGb} xf] xNnf ub}{ ;do
ljtfO{ /x]sf 5f}F . ha uef{wfg g}
ePsf] 5}g eGg] s;/L ;'kq' sf] hGd
x'g ;S5, o:tf ;dln\uLxn]
uef{wfg ug{ ;S5g\ / u5{g\ eg]/
kTofpg] xfdL g} dxfd"v{ xf}F . oqf]
jif{;Dd klg ;dln\u\ L eg]/ lrGbf
lrGb} klg lsg xfdL ltgLxjf6
;'kq' sf] cf; ul//x]sf 5f}F . lsg xfdL
oL ;a s'/f a'bf a'b} klg a'emkrfO{
/x]sf 5fF,} e|ddf kl//x]sf 5f}F . )$&
;fns} sfd gnfUg] eg]/ kmflnPsf]
Tof] s'kqnfO{ gfd, / s]xL :jk
km]/]/ To;nfO{ ;'k'q 3f]if0ff u/]/ b]z
/ hgtfsf] jLrdf Nofpg vf]lh/x]sf
5g\ . ct o:tf] k|ltufdL xs{t ug]{
/ :jfy{ /fVg] of] e"t, d;fg / nf;
;efn] ;'k'q hGdfpg ;Sb}g . cem
;dln\uLxn] s'g} klg xfntdf
uef{wfg ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . o:tf xfjfbf/L
;dln\uLxsf] if8\oGqnfO{ k/f:t
u/f}F . cfhs} lbgjf6 slyt ;+ljwfg
;ef kL e"t ;efsf] cj;fg u/fpg
;a} gful/s xftdf d;fn af]sf}F,
o;nfO{ hnfpg lrtf tof/ u/f}F,
dnfdL, 3f/f], sfqf]x vf]hf}F /
o;nfO{ cfh}sf] lbgjf6 ;vfk kfg]{
k|0f u/f}F / hgtfsf] rfxgf efjgf
adf]lhdsf] gful/sd'vL ;+ljwfg
agfO{ gful/s /fHosf] lgdf{0f ug{
b[9 ;+sNKf u/L k|To]s g]kfnL gful/s
xftdf xft / sfFwdf sfFw clg ;fy
;fydf ;fy ldnfO{ cl3 a9f}F .
-n]vs g]kfn u0ftflGqs hgtf
kf6L{sf cWoIf tyf g]kfnL gful/s
df]rf{sf ;+of]hs x'g\ ._

&) aifL{o g]tfsf #( >LdtL

sf7df8f}F . ef/tsf Ps g]tfsf #( >LdtL 5g\ . pgLxaf6 ! ;o @&
;Gtfg 5g\ . pgLx;Fu} a:5g\ . of] ldhf]/dsf] chjfnl:yt eStjfn
ufpFsf :yfgLo hftLo g]tf lhcf]g3fsf rfgfsf] kl/jf/ xf] . ;+;f/s}
;a}eGbf a9L dtbftf ;+Vof ePsf] kl/jf/ rfgfs} xf] . r'gfjsf] a]nf
dxTjsf ;fy pgsf] 3/nfO{ x]l/G5 . rfgfsf] 3/df kl/jf/sf nflu !
;oj6f sf]7f 5g\ . &) aifL{o rfgfsf] 3/df ! ;o ^) dtbftf ;+Vof 5 .
rgfsf] kl/jf/ k|fGtLo ;b/d'sfd cfOhjfnb]lv aflx/kL kg]{ ufpFsf]
pRr :yfgdf ! ;o sf]7] 3/df a:b} cfPsf] 5 . Ps};fy / Pp6} /fhgLlts
kf6L{nfO{ ef]6 xfNg] ePsfn] oxfFsf /fhgLlts kf6L{n] xfd|f] 3/nfO{ ljz]if

dxTjsf ;fy x]5g{ \ rfgfsf #( >LdtLdWo]sL Ps ?lSd0fL elG5g . rfgfsf]

kl/jf/n] sf7sf efF8fs'F8f agfP/ lhljsf]kfh{g u5{g\ . 3/df ;a}eGbf
h]7L >LdtL hfl7Ln] ;a}sf] sfd 5'6\ofpFl5g lsgeg] 3/df lgSs} s8f
cg'zf;g 5 . 3/sf dlxnfxn] kfn}kfnf] vfgf ksfpg] sk8f w'g] / efF8f
dfg] sfd u5{g\ . cfg} kl/jf/df v]ns'b k|ltof]lutf x'G5g\ . 3/sf]
cfug cuf8L pgLxsf] v]nd}bfg 5 . of] kl/jf/nfO{ ef/tdf pTkfbg x'g]
Pp6f n'uf w'g] ;km{n] lj1fkgdf klg v]nfPsf] 5 . Ph]G;L

/fatOfc t]u $ 3fd nf; !&)@

k}ofFeGbf a9L Dofgkfj/n] Go"gtd z'Ns
lng gkfpg] pgn] hfgsf/L lbP .
Ph]G6sf] e"ldsfnfO{ lg:t]h kf/L
dn]l;ofdf sfdbf/ k7fpFbf lgMz'Ns
k7fpg] u[xsfo{ ;/sf/n] yfn]sf] xf] .
dn]l;of sfdbf/ k7fpFbf gofF Joj:yf
nfu" ePkl5 Ph]G6sf] s'g} e"ldsf x'g]
5}g . dn]l;ofsf /f]huf/bftf sDkgL /
g]kfnaf6 k7fpg] sDkgLaLr ;Lwf
;Dks{ sfod u/L sfdbf/ k7fpg]
Joj:yf >d tyf /f]huf/ dGqfnon]
ug{ nfu]sf] xf] . sfdbf/;Fu Dofgkfj/
sDkgLn] clxn]sf] Joj:yfcg';f/
clwstd *) xhf/ k}ofF lng kfpF5g\ .
t/ dn]l;of hfg] JolStn] Ps nfv ^)
xhf/ k}ofF;Dd ltg]{ u/]sf 5g\ .
Dofgkfj/ sDkgLnfO{ ;]jf z'NseGbf a9L
/sd lnPsf] kfOPdf s8f sf/afxL ul/g]
Joj:yf;d]t ul/Fb5
} . clwstd rf/
dlxgfdf gofF Joj:yf sfof{Gjogdf cfpg
;do nfUg ;Sg] /fHodGqL u'?n]
hfgsf/L lbP . *) k|ltzteGbf a9L
le;f dn]l;ofaf6 lgMz'Ns cfp5 eg]
l6s6 klg /f]huf/bftf sDkgLn] g}
k7fOlbg] u/]sf] 5 . k|To]s sfdbf/;Fu
*) xhf/ k}ofF lng kfpg] g]kfn ;/sf/n]
5'6 lbPsfn] Dofgkfj/ sDkgLn] hfg]
sfdbf/af6 /sd c;'Ng kfPsf x'g\ .
s]xL sDkgLn] g]kfnsf Dofgkfj/
sDkgLnfO{ sfdbf/ pknAw u/fPafkt
pN6} sld;g;d]t lbg] u/]sf 5g\ . t/
sDkgL / Ph]G6nfO{ sld;g lbg'kg]{ eGb}
Dofgkfj/ sDkgLn] hfg] JolSt;Fu
cltl/St /sd;d]t c;'N5g\ . sfdbf/
lgMz'Ns k7fpg] Joj:yf ug{ dn]l;of;Fu
gofF ;dembf/L;d]t ug{ /fHodGqL u'?n]
atfP . u|fdL0f If]qb]lv /fhwfgL;Dd /x]sf
kfFr txsf Ph]G6sf sf/0f cg'udg
ug{ sl7gfO ePsf] ;/sf/sf] bfaL 5 .
cled' v Ls/0f tflnd, :jf:Yo
k/LIf0fsf] l/kf]6{ gSsnL eO{ sfdbf/
kmls{gk' /]df klg To;sf] ;a} lhDd]jf/L
Dofgkfj/ sDkgLn] lng'kg]{ u/L gofF
gLltsf] tof/L ;/sf/n] u/]sf] 5 .
xfn :jf:Yo k/LIf0fdf cg'QL0f{ ePdf
To;sf] Ifltk"lt{ :jf:Yo k/LIf0f ug]{
;+:yf / cled'vLs/0f tflndsf]
k|df0fkq gSsnL ePdf ;f]xL ;+:yf
hjfkmb]xL x'gk' 5{ Dofgkfj/ sDkgLn]
c? ;+:yfn] tflnd lbPsf] jf :jf:Yo
k/LIf0f u/]sf] egL pGd'lSt kfpg]
5}gg\ . sl/a %) xhf/ g]kfnL
dn]l;ofdf u}/sfg'gLkdf al;/x]sf
5g\ . Dofgkfj/ sDkgLaLr c:j:y
k|lt:kwf{ aGbf Ph]G6nfO{ sld;g
lbg yflnPsf] 5 . Ph]G6n] sld;g
kfpg] ePsfn] cfjZostfeGbf a9L
sfdbf/ dfUg] u/]sf 5g\ . Pp6f
sDkgLsf nflu eg]/ uPsfx csf]d{ f
sfd ubf{ cj}w x'g] ToxfF lgod 5 .
g]kfnL sfdbf/sf] nfuL dn]l;of j}bl] zs
/f]huf/Lsf] k|dv
' cfsif{s uGtJo xf] .
dn]l;ofdf sl/a ;ft nfv g]kfnLn]
sfd ul//x]sf] cg'dfg 5 .

cGt/f{ l i6 o ===

k|1fkg kq e/]/ ;fdfg 5'6fpg] u/]sf

5g\ . To;df eG;f/ sfof{nosf
k|d'vb]lv sfof{no ;xfos;Ddsf]
;+nUgtf /x]sf] kfOG5 . eG;f/df sfo{/t
sd{ r f/Lx sfof{ n o ;dod}
Jofkf/Lxsf] b}nf]df k'Ug] ub{5g\ .
pgLxn] e]6g\ ] ;dob]lv cGo ljleGg
vfnsf l8nx sfof{no ;dod} ug]{
u/]sf] ;|ft] n] hgfPsf] 5 . Jofkf/Lsf
k;nxdf k'u/] df]jfOn, Nofk6k
nufotsf ;fdfgx lng] u/]sf 5g\ .
h;n] ubf{ pSt eG;f/ sfof{noaf6
s/f]8f}s
+ f] eG;f/ 5nL x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
sfuf]{ u/]/ ljb]z k7fpg gldNg] s]xL
cj}w ;fdfgx ;d]t :Sofg d]l;gdf
a:g] k|x/L / eG;f/sf sd{rf/L;Fu ldn]/
Ph]G6n] l5/fpg] u/]sf 5g\ . To;sf
nflu Ph]G6xn] 7"nf] /sd sd{rf/LnfO{
dfl;s a'emfpF5g\ . pSt sfo{sf nfu"
cf}ifw ;]n, l8PdcfO{ / k|x/Lsf] ;d]t
k|ToIf ;+nUgtf /xg] u/]sf] 5 . o;sf
af/]df w]/k} 6s s'/f p7] klg ;DalGwt
lgsfon] o;tkm{ Wofg g} k'ofPsf] 5}g .
eG;f/ 5n]/ Nofpg vf]lhPsf ;fdfgsf]
6s g} ;dft]/ /fhZj cg';Gwfg ljefudf
a'emfOP klg To;dfly sf/jfxL gx'g]
u/]sf] sd{rf/L atfpF5g\ . o;n] of] hfnf]
pkNnf] tx;Dd} ePsf] b]vfpF5 .

;"Kofs]tlhL{ hug{Go===
;d]t gkfpg] Joj:yf
lgb{l] zsfdf 5 . s]xL r'/f]6 sDkgLn]
b'Oj{ 6f Kofs]6 agfO{ ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf]
Kofs]lh ug{] u/]sf 5g\ . lgb]l{ zsfsf]
bkmf $* df ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] lj1fkg
jf k|j4{g / k|of]hg x'g] u/L ;'tL{hGo
kbfy{sf] vl/b;Fu} lsl/, l6;6{ a];an,
r'/f]6 jf o:t} k|sf/sf cGo j:t' jf
nfO6/ pkxf/:jk lbg jf lng gkfpg]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . dGqfnosf sfg'g
clws[t afa'sfhL aflgofFn] lgb]l{ zsf
cfPkl5 ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] P]g tyf
lgodfjnLdf c:ki6 eP/ sfof{Gjogdf
b]lvPsf ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g] atfP .
lgb]l{ zsfn] ca af6f] vf]lnlbPsf] 5 .
ca P]gcg';f/ sf/afxL ug{ ;lhnf]
x' G 5 . PS;g g] k fnsf cWoIf
cfgGbaxfb'/ rGbn] sfg'gL c:ki6tf
lrg{ lgb]l{ zsf ;xof]uL aGg] / ca
sfof{Gjogdf ;xh x'g] atfP . pgn]
eg], clxn] dGqL, ;lrj, ;/sf/L
clwsf/L / ;/f]sf/jfnfxsf] l6djs{
ldn]sf] 5 . ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] lgoGq0f
ug{ ag]sf] P]gsfg'gn] g]kfnnfO{ ljZj;fd'
uj{sf ;fy kl/lrt u/fPsf] 5 . To;}n]
xfdL ;/f]sf/jfnf :jf:YodGqLk|lt s[t1
5f}F . ut sflQsdf ;/sf/n] ;'tL{hGo
kbfy{sf afdf ;]jgaf6 :jf:Yodf kg]{
c;/ pNn]v ePsf r]tfjgLo'St ;Gb]z
tyf /+uLg 3fts lrqn] 5f]lkg] efu
&% k|ltztaf6 a9fP/ () k|ltzt
k'ofPsf] lyof] . ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf]
Kofs] 6 sf ;a} e Gbf a9L efudf
r]tfjgLo'St ;Gb]z tyf 3fts lrq
5fKg'kg]{ Joj:yf ug'd{ f g]kfn ljZjd}
klxnf] /fi6 ag]sf] 5 .

d[To';u===
;+Vof w]/} ePsfn] /f]huf/Lsf nflu

lab]l;g] o'jtLsf] olsg ;+Vof s;}l;t

5}g . ;a}eGbf w]/} t/fO{sf lhNnfsf
o'jfx j}bl] zs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf 5g\ .
ToxfFaf6 lab]l;Psf o'jfsf] ;+Vof & nfv
@^ xhf/ @ ;o &) 5 . t/fO{df !%
b]lv #$ jif{pd]/ ;d"xsf o'jf @! nfv
( xhf/ # ;o @$ 5g\ . To;sf] #$
bzdna $# k|ltzt lab]l;Psf 5g\ .
t/fO{sf lhNnfaf6 lab]l;g] o'jtLsf] ;+Vof
lgs} sd 5 . ToxfFaf6 !% xhf/ % ;o
!* o'jtL j}bl] zs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf
5g\ . t/fO{df !% b]lv #$ jif{pd]/
;d"xsf o'jtLsf] ;+Vof @$ nfv @^
xhf/ * ;o !@ 5 .
To:t}, kxf8L lhNnfxaf6 % nfv
@^ xhf/ % ;o (@ o'jf lab]l;Psf
5g\ . of] ToxfFsf o'jf hg;+Vofsf] @(
k|ltzt xf] . kxf8df !% b]lv #$ jif{pd]/
;d"xsf !* nfv !) xhf/ ^ ;o @#
o'jf 5g\ . kxf8L lhNnfaf6 lab]l;g]
o'jtLsf] ;+Vof !( xhf/ % ;o & 5 .
To:t}, lxdfnL lhNnfaf6 &) xhf/ $@
o'jfo'jtL /f]huf/Lsf nflu lab]l;Psf
5g\ . lxdfnL lhNnfxdf !% b]lv #$
jif{pd]/ ;d"xsf @ nfv %% xhf/ $%
o'jfo'jtL 5g\ . k//fi6 dGqfnosf]
kf;kf]6{ ljefun] clxn];Dd @* nfv
@# xhf/ # ;o #^ d]l;g l/8]an kf;kf]6{
hf/L u/]sf] 5 . ljefusf cg';f/ ;a}eGbf
w]/} cfj]bg kf;kf]6{ ljefusf] h?/L ;]jfdf
k/]sf] lyof] . sf7df8f}l+ :yt /fxbfgL
ljefun] !@ nfv (* xhf/ $ ;o $$
kf;kf]6{ ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . To:t},
lhNnfxaf6 !! nfv (# xhf/ ^ ;o
#) kf;kf]6{ ljt/0f ul/Psf 5g\ .
ld;gaf6 # nfv #! xhf/ @ ;o ^@
kf;kf]6{ dfq} ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
To;dWo] gjLs/0f ul/Psf ( nfv %&
xhf/ $ ;o ($, x/fPsf (^ xhf/ @
;o &^ / gofF agfpg]df !& nfv ^(
xhf/ % ;o ^^ 5g\ . j}bl] zs /f]huf/Ln]
cNksfnsf nflu /fxt lbP klg Tof]
b]zsf nflu bL3{sfndf kmfObfhgs
gePsf] lj1xn] atfPsf 5g\ . j}bl] zs
/f]uhf/Ldf o'jfx knfog ePkl5
;a}eGbf w]/} kmfObf /fhgLlt1xnfO{
ePsf] atfP . k|f=8f= r}tGo ld>n]
JolStut kdf j}bl] zs /f]huf/Ln] nfe
k'ofPsf] eP klg Tof] /fi6sf nflu
bL3{sfnLg kmfObfhgs gePsf] atfP .
kl/jf/df ;sf/fTds k|efj b]lvPsf]
5, ufpFaf6 ;x/ emg{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
;fgf] ;x/af6 7"nf] ;x/df a;fOF;/fO
ug{] a9]sf 5g\, pgn] eg], t/ o;sf]
bL3{sfnLg k|efj eg] lxtdf 5}g, b]zsf]
;|ft] / >d Psfsf/ gx'bF f k'h
F L aflxl/Psf]

5 . j}bl] zs /f]huf/Laf6 ;a}eGbf

kmfObf /fhgLlt1xnfO{ ePsf] ld>n]
atfP . b]z o'jfljxLg ePsf] 5, cyf{t\
d'bf{zflGt 5 . d'bf{zflGtdf zf;g ug{
;lhnf] x'G5, pgn] eg] . j}bl] zs
/f]huf/Ln] o'jfxsf] JolStTj ljsf;df
eg] ;3fPsf] pgn] atfP . sl/a @)
jif{bl] v k|jf;;DaGwL cWoog ul//x]sf
u0f] z u' ? sf cg' ; f/ j} b ] l zs
/f]huf/Laf6 g]kfndf s]xL k|ToIf kl/jt{
ePsf 5g\ . pgsf cg';f/ ul/aL 36]sf]
5, hLjgz}nLdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5,
cfGtl/s a;fOF;/fO a9]sf] 5, hGdb/
pNn]Vo kdf 36]sf] 5 . xfdL ;f]rf}F t
!) jif{ dfcf]jfbLsf] hgo'4, To;kl5sf]
;+qmd0fsfndf b]z s;/L hf]luof] < Tof]
ltg} sfdbf/n] k7fPsf] /]ld6\ofG;n] xf] .
ToxL klg gePsf] eP b]zdf lx+;f
cTolws a9\Yof], u'?n] eg] . j}bl] zs
/f]huf/Ln] /fhgLlt1xnfO{ klg ;lhnf]
kfl/lbPsf] u'?n] atfP . of] /]ld6\ofG;
/fhgLlt1xsf nflu dhfsf] l;/fgL
ePsf] 5, ToxfF 6fpsf] /fv]/ pgLx
d:t lgbfpg kfPsf 5g\, pgn] eg],
b]zsf] cfDbfgL j[l4 gubf{ klg b]z
rln/x]sf] 5, ljb]z uP/ gk7fOlbPsf]
eP cy{tGqsf] dfks tn emYof],{
g]tfxnfO{ zf;g ug{ ufx|f] x'GYof], ljkIfLn]
klg k|Zg ug]{ df}sf kfpFYof], t/ clxn]
Tof] ePg . k|wfgdGqLsf cfly{s
;Nnfxsf/ lr/~hLjL g]kfnn] klg
/]ld6\ofG; g]kfnsf] lxtdf gePsf]
atfP . To;n] b]znfO{ k/lge{/ agfpFb}
nu]sf] pgn] atfP . o;n] ;/sf/nfO{
cfn:o kf/]sf] 5, pTkfbsTj x|f; x'bF }
uPsf] 5, xfn pTkfbgzLn hg;+Vof
%& k|ltzt 5 . of] lgs} /fd|f] hg;+Vof
xf], o;nfO{ af]g; kk'n;] g klg elgG5,
o:tf] j]nf b]zn] k|ult u5{ t/ xfd|fd] f
o:tf] hg;+Vofsf] k|of]u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g,
g]kfnn] eg] . oBlk, 5f]6f] ;dosf nflu
/]ld6\ofG;n] kmfObf g} k'ofPsf] ;Nnfxsf/
g]kfnn] atfP . /]ld6\ofG;n] d'ns
' Wj:t
x'g kfPg, Tof] /]ld6\ofG;n] lbPsf] 7"nf]
/fxt xf], pgn] eg] .

dfgj===
b' O { xhf/ @%*

nfO{ ;' / lIft

:yfgudg;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .
rLgsf] ltAjtl:yt vf;f ahf/nfO{
g]kfnL dfgj a]rlavgsf] gofF uGtJosf
kdf lng yflnPkl5 a]rljvg Go"g
ug{ dfOtL g]kfn tLg jif{bl] v of] gfsfdf
;lqmo 5 . gfsfdf /x]/ k/fdz{sf qmddf
!% b]lv $% pd]/ ;d"xsf r]nLnfO{
;f]wk'5 kl5 dfq rLg k|jz
] sf nflu
cg'dlt lbg] ul/Psf] 5 . vf;fl:yt
/]i6'/F fdf sfd ug{ hfg nfu]sf pgLxnfO{
ca}w wGbfdf ;+nUg u/fOg] ePsfn]
gfsfaf6} kmsf{Psf] dfOtL g]kfnsL
;'k/Lj]Ifs kljqf l3ld/]n] hfgsf/L
lbOg\ . gfsfaf6} kmsf{OPsf r]nLx
cg';Gwfgsf qmddf vf;faf/] cgle1
kfOPkl5 pgLxnfO{ kl/jf/sf] ;Dks{df
/fv]/ 3/ kmsf{OPsf] l3ld/]sf] egfO 5 .
;g\ @)!! d] dlxgfdf dfOtL g]kfnn]
u/]sf] :ynut cWoogdf vf;fsf
8fG;af/df g]kfnL r]nL cj}w wGbfdf
;+nUg /x]sf] kfPsf] lyof] . vf;fsf
8fG;af/df g]kfnL r]nL a]lrOg] u/]sf]
tYo aflx/ cfPkl5 g]kfn tftf]kfgLsf]
lnlkdf sfof{ n o :yfkgf u/L
a]rlavglj?4 ;lqmo x'bF } cfPsf] 5 .
l3ld/]n] eg], clzIff, ul/aLs} sf/0f
/f]huf/ vf]Hb} vf;f k'us
] fxn] b'Mv
kfO/x]sf 5g\ . pxfFn] g]kfnL r]nLx
vf;fdf a]rlavgdf kg{] u/]sf] hgfpFb}
To;sf] /f]syfdsf nflu gfsfdf k/fdz{
lbO/x]sf] atfP . dfOtL g]kfnn] u/]sf]
:ynut cWoogsf cg';f/ To;a]nf
vf;fsf 8fG;af/df !%) eGbf a9L
g]kfnL r]nL cj}w wGbfdf ;+nUg /x]sf]
kfOPsf] lyof] . pgLxnfO{ ljleGg
k|nf]egdf kf/L gfRg] axfgfdf vf;f k'ofO{
of}g wGbfdf nufOg] u/]sf] dfOtL g]kfnsf]
k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 .

qmflGtsf] = ==

hgtf / ;don] ;f]ws

] f] k|Zgsf] hjfkm
lbg ;s]gg\ eg] Oltxf;n] lgs} 7"nf] r'gf}tL
em]Ng'kg]{ x'g;S5 . hgk|ltgLlwn] ;dodf
hgtfsf] hjfkm glbFbf ljZjo'4 hGd]sf]
5, kmfFl;jfb hlGdPsf] 5 . hgtf /
Oltxf;n] ;f]ws
] f] k|Zgsf]] lbFbf ?;, rLg
nufotsf b]zxdf qmflGt hlGdPsf]
Oltxf; 5 . g]tfaf6 ;xL hjfkm cfPg
eg] Oltxf;n] 7"nf] d"No r'sfpg'kg{] cj:yf

x'g;S5 . zflGtk|lqmofdf cfPkl5

g]kfndf lb3{zflGt :yfkgf x'G5 eGg]
xfdLn] ljZjf; u/]sf lyof}+ . h]ndf ePsf
zlStx;Fu xft ldnfpFb} zflGt
k|lqmofdf ;xeflu x'g /f]Nkfaf6 sf7df8f}+
cfPsf lyof}+ . xfdL;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{ bnn]
Oltxf;af6 lzIff lnPsf xf]nfg\ eGg]
nfu]sf] lyof], lgs} x08/7Ss/ vfPsf
bnxn] hgtfsf] clwsf/ :yfkgfsf
nflu s'g} sGh';fO{ ug]{ 5}gg\ eGg] nfusf]
lyof], t/ Tof] xf]Og /x]5 . dfcf]jfbL
zflGtk|lqmofdf cfPsf] * aif{;Dd
hgo'4sf] k|:tfj / To;df alnbfg
ug{x] sf] clwsf/ :yfkgf ug]{ OR5f
ljkl/t eO/x]sf] v]n rln/x]sf] 5 .
;+;bjfbL zlSt;Fu /f]Nkfdf ;xdlt x'bF f
g]kfndf lb3{zflGt :yfkgf ug],{ g]kfnL
;dfhsf] cfu|ufdL kfGt/0f ug{ /
dfcf]jfbLn] pF7fPsf d'4faf6 hgtfsf]
;]jf ug{ h'g xfd|f] rfxgf lyof], ca Tof]
/x] g . ;+ ; bjfbLx xfd| f s] x L
cu|hxnfO{ lsg]h:t} ;a}nfO{ ug{
rfxG5g\ t/ ;Dej 5}g . xfdL Tof]
r'gf}ltsf] ;fdgf ug{ tof/ 5f}+ . xfd|f
cu|hxn] cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf 5g\ . zL/
em'sfPsf 5g\ . xfdL cfTd;dk0f{ ug{
tof/ 5}gf}+ . a? xfdL ;+;bjfbLxn]
v8f u/]sf] r'gf}ltsf] ;fdgf ug{ tof/
5f} . sf+u;]| / Pdfn]leq klg d'Le/sf]
dfG5] zflGt k|lqmofsf lj?4d 5g\,
pgLxn] km]/L g]kfn o'4 xf];\ eGg] rfx]sf]
b]lvG5 . ToxL rfxgf cg';f/ dfcf]jfbLsf
cuf8L r'gf}lt v8f ul/Psf 5 .
pgLxn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cfgf k|:tfjaf6
aflx/ cfpF of t o'4 ug{sf nflu tof/
xf}+ eg]/ r'gf}lt v8f u/]sf 5g\ .
;+;bfjfbL zlStn] dfcf]jfbLsf cuf8L
ljzfn r'gf}lt v8f u/]sf 5g\ .
pgLxn] dfcf]jfbL nlqg'k5{ /
pgLxsf] Ph]08faf6 kms{gk' 5{ eg]/
r'gf}lt v8f u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;+;bjfbLx
xfd|f s]xL cu|hxnfO{ lsg]h:t} ;a}nfO{
ug{ rfxG5g\ t/ ;Dej 5}g . xfdL Tof]
r'gf}ltsf] ;fdgf ug{ tof/ 5f}+ . xfd|f
cu|hxn] cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf 5g\ . zL/
em'sfPsf 5g\ . xfdL cfTd;dk0f{ ug{
tof/ 5}gf}+ . a? xfdL ;+;bjfbLxn]
v8f u/]sf] r'gf}ltsf] ;fdgf ug{ tof/
5f} . xfd|f] rfxg 5}g sL s'g} klg zlStn]
o'4sf] sNkgf u/f];\ . d'ns
' nfO{ k|ultlt/
n}hfg'k5{ eGg] xfd|f] rfxgf 5 . t/,
dfcf]jfbL zflStnfO{ ha/h:tL cfgf]
Ph]08fdf cfTd;dk{0f u/fpg vf]h,]
kl/jt{gsf] /ynfO{ /f]Sg vf]lhof] eg],
g]kfnL hgtfsf] zflGt / k|ultsf]
rfxgfnfO{ a]jf:tf ul/G5 eg] hgtfsf]
clwsf/sf] nflu o'4sf] d"No r'sfpg
xfdL tof/ ePsf 5f}+ . of] d"No cltjfbL,
IfqLotfjfbL, ljv08f/afbLn] lbPsf]
rfxFbg} f},+ xfdL dfcf]jfbL g} g]kfnL hgtfsf]
aLrdf km]/L alnbfg lbg tof/ 5f}+ .
xfdLnfO{ ;don] ;f]ws
] f] 5, s] o;sf]
d'No ltldxn] r'sfpg ;S5f}+ < g]kfndf
o;sf] d"No lbg sfo{stf{ / hgtfnfO{
ljZjf; lbg ;S5f}+ / qmflGtsf] /y xfSg
;S5f} < hgtfnfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg
agfpg ;S5f},+ Toqf] kf6L{, hgd'lSt ;]gf
x'bfF t ;s]gf}+ ca ;S5f}+ < xf], of] 7"nf]
ulDe/ k|Zg xf] . xfdL oL ;a} pQ/sf]
hjfkm lbg tof/ ePsf 5f}+ . s;}nfO{
xfdL gofF / km'Rr] nfUg ;S5 . s;}nfO{
oL km'Rr] dfG5]n] s] pQ/ lbnfg eGg]
klg nfu]sf] xf]nf . hfjkm xfdLn] lbg
xf]Og{ hgtfn] lbG5g\ . xfdLn] To;sf]
g]tT[ j ug{ vf]hsf xf}+ . xfdL ;fdfGo
hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/L xf}+ . xfdL;Fu hgtfsf]
dfof 5, s;/L hgtnfO{ ;'vL agfpg
;lsG5 eGg] /fd|f] cg'ej 5 . g]kfn
xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 . hgtfsf] hLjgaf/]
xfdLnfO{ /fd|f] 1fg 5 . o'jfxn] s]
rfxG5g\ xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 . xfdLnfO{
nfU5, xfdL ;fdfGo dfG5]n] klg hjfkm
lbg ;lsG5 . hgtf / sfo{stf{;uF
ljZjf; u/]/ of] hjfkm lbg ;lsG5 .
of] oyfy{ xf] . olb xfdLnfO{ ;fdfGo x'g,
oLgn] s] g} nuf{n ;f]re] g] /fhgLlts
g]tT[ jn] e"n ub}5
{ g\ . s;}sf] clt{
pkb]zdf qmflGtsf] ofqf /f]lsb}g .
;xsfo{ / ;fem]bf/L M xfdLn]
;+;bjfbL / dfcf]jfbL ldn]/ hgtfsf]
;]jf u/f}+ eGof}+ t/ clxn] ljleGg axfgfdf
;Qf sAhf ug]{ / /fHo ;QfnfO{ s]xL
k"/fg} d'le/sf] lxtdf pkof]u ug]{ vf]l;z
eO/x]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] lj?4df /fHo
k|of]u ug]{ xs{t b]lvb}5 . ljut
hgo'4sfnsf d'4f p7fP/ dfcf]jfbLnfO{

ck/fwL 3f]if0ff ub}{ s73/fdf p7fpg]

hf] elgPsf 5, of] ;+qmd0fsfnsf] l;4fGt
ljkl/t xf] . of] wf]vf xf] . cfk"mnfO{ cK7\of/f]
kbf{ k|d] , ;b\efj / ;xsfo{ ug{ / ;lhnf]
a]nf ck/fwL agfpg] . of] unt 5 .
;xsfo{ r'gf}ltk"0f{ s'/f xf] . sDo'lg:6 /
;+;bjfbL ldn]/ /fHo rnfpg] s'/f ufx|f]
/x]5 . xfdLn] g]kfnaf6 sDo'lg:6 /
;+;bjfbLaLr ;xsfo{ u/]/ ljZjnfO{ g}
b]vfpg] ;f]rs
] f lyof}+ t/ ca Tof] c;Dej
h:t} ag]sf] 5 . ;+;bjfbLxn]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ rf/}lt/af6 3]//] l;Wofpg]
k|of; ug'e{ Psf] 5, if8\oGq ug]{ ePsf]
5 . sfg'g, /fHo / ;+3;+:yf jf ljleGg
a'l4lhjLsf] gfdaf6 3]/fjGbL ul/Psf]
5 . of] gf6s /r] / h' g v] n
v]ln/xg'ePsf] 5, of] k"0f{wf]sfk"0f{ 5 .
o;nfO{ xfdLn] r'gf}ltsf] kdf lnPs
5f} . !) aif{sf] o'4df xfdLnfO{ lht]sf]
eP :jLsfg{ tof/ x'GYof}+ . clxn] klg
gofF /fHo agfP/ k|lt:k|wf ug{ rfxg'xG' 5
eg] :jLsfo{ 5 t/ if8\oGqk"0f{ tl/sfn]
/fHo sAhf ug{ vf]hs
] } xf] eg] c? kl5
knf{g t/ xfdL x6\bg} f}+ . xfdL Tof] ;kgf
k"/f x'g lbg 5}gf}+ . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ l;4fpg
vf]Hg] v]n vt/gfs kdf eO{/x]sf]
5 . d]/} g]tT[ jdf xf] a]gL 36gf ePsf]
xf] . a]gLsf] qf;n] xfdLnfO{ /f]Sg ;Sb}g .
dfcf]jfbLsf nflu cbfnt v8f u/]
g]kfndf csf]{ a]gL cfpF5 . Tof] dfq}
xf]Og{ , sf7df8f}d+ f a]gLsf] s'/f p7fO{Psf]
5 . To;f] xf] eg] xfd|f hgcbfntdf
k/]sf xof, cfuhgL, anfl:Tsf/sf d'4f
kmfO{n xfdL;Fu 5g\ . ?s'dsf vf/fsf]
a:tL s;n] cfhugL u/]sf] xf],
sflnsf]6sf a:tL s;n] hnfPsf] xf],
/fd]5fksf] bf]/Defdf 36gf s;sf]
lgb]z
{ gdf ePsf] xf], dfcf]jfbL g]tf
sfo{stf{sf] 6fpsfsf] d"No s;n] tf]ss
] f]
xf] xfdLn] klg lx;fa /fv]sf 5f}+ . xfdL
klg xfd|f hgcbfntaf6 p7fpF5f}+ .
*) k|ltzt e"efudf hg;Qf
rnfP/ cfPsf] xf] . dfcf]jfbLn] *)
k|ltzt / ;+;bjfbL bnxn] @)
k|lztdf a:g tof/ x'gk' 5{ . xf]Og{ eg]
xfdLnfO{ klg dfGo 5}g . ;+;bjfbLxn]
v]ns
] f] v]n Gofosf l;4fGtaf6 x]g{ xf]
eg] :jLsfo{ 5}g . of] n8fOsf] tl/sf
xf]Og . tkfO{xn] k5f8Laf6 5'/L xfGg
vf]Hg'ePsf] 5 . Pp6f pvfg 5, db{n]
xfsfxfsL n8\5, gfdb{n] k5f8Laf6 5'/L
xfG5 olb n8\g] g} xf] eg] xfsfxfsL
cfpg';\ . xfdL hgtfsf] kIfdf n8\bf
l;l4g] /}5f}+ eg] ;lsof}nf . dfcf]jfbL
n8]/ v/fgL x'g] /}5 eg] v/fgL xf]On{ f
t/ cfpg';\ xfsfxfsL n8f}+ . n8]/
lhTg'xf];\ . of] b]zdf dfcf]jfbL d/]/ l;l4g]
/x]5 eg] xfdL dfcf]jfbL v/fgL x'g tof/
5f}+ . k5f8Laf6 if8\oGq u/]/ xfdLnfO{
;Sg ;Dej 5}g . cfpFg;' \ xfFsfxfFsL .
slyt dfgjclwsf/jfbLnfO{ k|ltj]bg
tof/ ug{ nufP/ hgtfsf] kIfdf
nf8\gn] fO{ l;Wofpg vf]Ng] xf] eg] cfk"m
klg hgtfsf] s73/fdf cfpg tof/
xg'k5{ . tof/ x'gx' G' 5 eg], :jfut 5 .
dfcf]jfbL /f]Nkfaf6 sf7df8f}+ zflGtsf]
nflu g} cfPsf] xf] . *) k|ltzt e"
efudf hg;Qf rnfP/ cfPsf] xf] .
dfcf]jfbLn] *) k|ltzt / ;+;bjfbL
bnxn] @) k|lztdf a:g tof/
x'gk' 5{ . xf]Og{ eg] xfdLnfO{ klg dfGo
5}g . ;+;bjfbLxn] v]ns
] f] v]n of{osf
l;4fGtaf6 x]g{ xf] eg] :jLsfo{ 5}g .
zflGtsf] lj?4df ck/fwLs jfxgfafhL
xf] eg], tof/ 5f}+ . xf]Og eg] dfcff]jfbL;Fu
cfgf] x}l;otf cg';f/sf] Jojxf/ ug{;' \ .

g] kljutfnGo"
h sf] = ==
!& jif{bl] v ;f]xL cgnfOgdf

sfo{/t kqsf/xn] Joj:yfkgn] u/]sf]

of] lg0f{on] cfk"mxdfly 7"nf] cGofo ePsf]
atfPsf 5g\ . pgLxn] ;a}
kqsf/xnfO{ plrt Ifltk"tL{ lbg'kg],{
;]jf ;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf ug'k{ g]{ / olb
rnfpg} g;Sg] u/L cgnfOg 3f6fdf
uPsf] eP ;+rfngsf] lhDdf cfk"mxnfO{
lbg'kg]{ dfu u/]sf 5g\ . !& jif{;Dd
cgnfOgdf cfkm\gf] ;f/f hLjg nufPsf
kqsf/xnfO{ PsfPs aGb u/]/] x6fpg]
lg0f{o sbfkL dfGo gx'g] pgLxsf] egfO{
5 . pQm cgnfOgdf xfn !* hgf
kqsf/x sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ . ;g\ !((*
b]lv ;'? ePsf] of] cgnfO{g g]kfnsf]
k'/fgf cgnfOg dWo] Ps xf] . t/, clxn]
Joj:yfkgn] 8f]dg] g} a]Rgtkm{ nfu]sf]
atfOG5 .

dn] l ;ofdf===

sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#@)^#^$

pQm cgnfOgsf] cfGbf]ngk|lt
P]Soj4tf hgfpFb} ;+of]hs rnfpg]n]
kqsfl/tf If]qnfO{ lgs} sdhf]/
agfpglt/ Joj:yfksx g} nfluk/]sf]
atfP . ldl8of ;+rfnsx ;w}
df]6fO/xg] t/ ldl8ofsdL{x eg]
kfl/>lds g} gkfpg] cj:yf cGTo ug'k{ g]{
wf/0ff klg pgn] /fv] . pgn] kfl/>lds
g} glbP/ ldl8of rnfpg] s'/f g;f]Rg
cfu|x ub}{ ldl8of If]qdf sfo{/t
hgzlQmsf] pRr kfl/>lds /xg] cj:yf
agfP/ of] k]zfnfO{ prf] agfpg ldl8of
;+rfnsnfO{ pgn] cfu|x u/] .

k| y d===

/ k|of]u x'g] ;'gf}nf] xltof/ aGg ;Sg]

;+ e fjgf af] s ] s f] 5 . vf; u/L
sfo{lbzfsf] ;Gbe{df xfn ;Dd k|of]udf
cfPsf] b'O j6f ljZjJofkL df]8n
lb3{sflng hgo'4 jf hgljb|fx] eGg]
ax;sf] lg/Gt/tfdf 5nf dfb}{ Plss[t
qmflGtsf] sfo{lbzfsf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 .
To:t} k|yd /fli6o ;Dd]ngsf] kfFrf}
dxTjk"0f{ a}rfl/s sfd eg]sf] o;n]
dWod ju{nfO{ qmflGtsf] cfwf/ zlQmsf]
?kdf kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 . dWod ju{
eGgfn] 8fS6/ OlGhlgo/, k|fk] m];/, jlsn,
sd{Rff/L tyf demf}nf pBf]u Joj;foL
cflb kb{5g\ . To:t} u/L qmflGqsf
cfwf/e"t ju{sf ?kdf /x]sf] ls;fg
dhb'/ >dhLlj ju{nfO{ qmflGtsf]
dxTjk"0f{ / g]tT[ jbfoL zlQmsf ?kdf
kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 .
/fli6o ;Dd]ngsf] 5}7f} dxTjk"0f{ sfd
xf] M k|wfg cGt{lj/f]wsf] ls6fgL . g]kfnL
hgtf / bnfn k'h
F Lklt ju{ jLrsf]
cGt{lj/f]wnfO{ g} k|wfg cGt{lj/f]wsf ?kdf
;+ni] f0f u/Lof] . o;af6 xfd|f k|xf/sf
lgzfgf bnfn k'h
F LjfbnfO{ agfpg' kg]{
cfjZostfdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . clxn]sf]
j}bl] zs x:tIf]k dfkm{t g} x'g] u/]sf]
tYonfO{ k|i6 kfb]{ /fHosf ;a} ;a} c+ux?
/ If]qx? bnfnx?sf] ks8df hfg ;Sg]
vt/fsf lj?4 ;a} ;r]t x'gk' g]{ lgisif{
lgsflnPsf] 5 . b]zdf ljBdfg
b]zeQmx?sf] k|efjnfO{ ;jn / ;d[4
kfb]{ bnfnx?nfO{ k/f:t ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]
lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] 5 . bnfnx?nfO{
Ps7fpFdf s]lGb|t geO{ ;j{q km}lnP/ /x]sf
5g\ . bnfnx?n] cfgf] ;+hfnnfO{
/fhg}lts kf6L{ ;+3, ;+:yf, pBf]u
snsf/vfgf, sd{rf/LtGq, /fHosf c+ux?
;a} If]qdf lj:tf/ u/L cfkm\gf] cleofg
rnfO{/x]sf 5g\ . oxfF;DdsL hldg klg
;fdGt ju{jf6 bnfnx?sf] xftdf k'us
] f]
l:yltnfO{ k|i6fOPsf] 5 . t;y{ bnfnx?n]
v8f ug]{ x/]s cj/f]wsf lj?4 wfjf af]Ng]
kf6L{sf] cfufdL gLlt x'g] s'/fnfO{ k|i6
kfl/Psf] 5 .
s= ljKnj4f/f k|:tfljt tyf /fli6o
;Dd] n gaf6 kfl/t /fhlglts
b:tfj]hdf g]kfnL qmflGtsf] df}lns
sfo{lbzf Plss[t qmflGtsf] l;4fGt nfO{
ljsl;t ug]{ d'Vo cfwf/sf ?kdf /x]sf
^ j6f g]kfnL df}lns / ljlzi6
ljz]iftfx? lgDg /x]sf 5g\ M -s_ ;fgf]
/ e'kl/j]li7t b]z -v_ ufpF /
zx/sf] b'/L 36\g' . -u_ dWodju{sf]
lj:tf/ -3_ hflto, If]lqo, lnLo lje]b
-_ b]zeQm zlQmx?sf] k|efj / -r_
bnfn k'lhjfbsf] pbo . pQm k|:tfjsf
gofF cfly{s lgltdf lglh ;DkltnfO{
lglZrt l;df ;Dd j}wtf k|bfg ug]{ /
j}b]lzs nuflgnfO{ /fli6o lxt /
of]hgfdf leqfpg ;lsg] ;+ni] f0f ul/Psf]
5 . To;}ul/ pQm k|:tfjsf] /fhg}lts
gLltdf gofF ax;sf] ?kdf cfPsf]
hgtfsf] k|hftGq / blno k|lt:k|wfTds
Joj:yf /xg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
b:tfj]hdf cGt{/fli6o kl/l:yltsf]
JofVof ub}{ jt{dfg cGt{/fli6o /fhgLltsf
d'Vo ljz]iftfx? lgDgfg';f/ ePsf] pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5M -s_ ax'wj'| sf] ljsf; -v_
:jflwgtfsf] cfGbf]ngx?df ltj| ljsf;
-u_ z;:q ;+3if{sf] j[l4 -3_ d'lZnd
b'lgof / cd]/LsL u7aGwgljrsf] o'4
/ -_ qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] ljsf; .
o;/L x]bf{ @)&! k'if @#@^ ;Dd
rn]sf] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLsf]
k|yd /fli6o ;Dd]ngn] Pp6f gofF qmde+u
ub]{ kf6L{nfO{ Pp6f zzQm qmflGtsf/L
zlQmsf ?kdf k'gu{ 7Lt u/]sf] 5 .
jf:tjdf /fli6o jf cGt{/fli6o, ldqzlQm
xf]; jf b'Zdg, qmflGtsf/L xf]; of k|ltufdL
;a} If]qn] Wofg lbPsf] zlQmsf ?kdf
plePsf] 5 g]skf dfcf]jfbL .

If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|f/f k|sflzt, ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
| M lwDn] ckm;]6 k|;
] , b]jLgu/, kmf]gM $$^$!%%