Chng II:

Chuyn ch hng ha xut

nhp khu bng ng bin

Ti liu tham kho

Cng c quc t thng nht mt s quy tc v vn
n ng bin (International Convention for the
unification of certain rules relating to Bills of lading)Cng c Brussel 1924/ Quy tc Hague
Ngh nh th sa i Cng c quc t thng nht
mt s quy tc v vn n ng bin- Quy tc Hague
Visby 1968
Ngh nh th SDR 1979
Cng c ca Lin hip quc v chuyn ch hng ha
bng ng bin (United Nation Convention on the
carriage of goods by sea)- Cng c/ Quy tc Hamburg
1978
B lut hng hi Vit nam (14/06/2005)
Hp ng mu GENCON

I. c im ca vn ti ng
bin
1. u im
Cc tuyn ng vn ti hu ht l cc tuyn
ng giao thng t nhin
Nng lc vn chuyn rt ln
Gi thnh thp
Thch hp vi vic vn chuyn hu ht cc loi
hng ha trong bun bn quc t
Tiu th nhin liu trn mt tn trng ti thp
2. Nhc im
Ph thuc nhiu vo iu kin t nhin v iu
kin hng hi
Tc vn chuyn chm

II. C s vt cht k thut

1. Tu bun
1.1. nh ngha
Theo Vin kinh t hng hi v Logistics: Tu bun l
nhng tu ch hng v ch khch v mc ch thng
mi
1.2. c trng
Tn tu- Ships name
Cng ng k ca tu (Port of Registry): thng thng l
mt cng thuc nc s hu con tu
C tu- Flag: l c quc tch ca tu:
C thng- Conventional Flag
C phng tin- Flag of Convenience

Ch tu- Shipowner
Kch thc ca tu- Dimension of Ship:
Chiu di ca tu- Length overall
Chiu rng ca tu- Breadth Extreme

1.2. c trng
Mn nc ca tu- Draught/Draft: l chiu cao thng gc
t y tu ln mt nc (o bng m hoc feet)
Mn nc cu to/ mn nc ti thiu- Light Draught
Mn nc ti a- Loaded Draught
=> L mt i lng thay i ty theo khi lng hng ha
chuyn ch, ma v vng bin tu i qua.

Trng lng ca tu- Displacement Tonnage: bng trng

lng khi nc b tu chim ch
n v tnh: long ton
D = M/35
Trng lng tu khng hng- Light Displacemnt (LD): l
trng lng nh nht ca tu, bao gm trng lng v tu,
my mc thit b trn tu, ni hi, nc trong ni hi, ph
tung, thuyn vin v hnh l ca h.
Trng lng tu y hng- Heavy Displacement (HD): bao
gm trng lng tu khng hng, trng lng hng ha
thng mi v trng lng cc vt phm cn thit cung ng
cho mt hnh trnh m tu c th ch c mn nc ti
a.
HD = LD + hng ha + vt phm

1.2. c trng
Trng ti ca tu- Carrying Capacity: l sc ch ca tu
tnh bng tn di mn nc ti a:
Trng ti ton phn- Dead Weight Capacity (DWC): bng
hiu s gia trng lng tu y hng vi trng lng tu
khng hng
DWC = HD LD = hng ha + vt phm
Trng ti tnh- Dead Weight Cargo Capacity (DWCC): bng
trng ti ton phn tr i trng lng cc vt phm cn
thit cung ng cho hnh trnh
DWCC = DWC vt phm = hng ha

Dung tch ng k- Register Tonnage: l th tch cc

khong trng khp kn trn tu tnh bng m3, cubic
feet(c.ft) hoc tn dung tch ng k (register ton)
Dung tch ng k ton phn- Gross Register Tonnage
(GRT): bao gm ton b dung tch cc khoang trng khp
kn trn tu, tnh t boong trn cng tr xung
Dung tch ng k tnh- Net Register Tonnage (NRT): bao
gm ton b dung tch cc khoang trng dng cha
hng trn tu

Cp hng ca tu- Class of Ship

1.2. c trng
Dung tch cha hng- Cargo Space: l kh nng xp cc loi hng ha
khc nhau trong hm tu ca con tu , tnh bng m3 hoc c.ft:
Dung tch cha hng ri- Grain Space
Dung tch cha hng bao kin- Bale Space
H s xp hng
H s xp hng ca tu- Coefficient of Loading(CL): mi quan h
gia dung tch cha hng ca tu v trng ti tnh ca tu
CL = CS/DWCC
=> Cho bit mt tn trng ti tnh ca tu tng ng vi bao nhiu
n v dung tch cha hng ca tu
H s xp hng ca hng- Stowage Factor (SF): mi quan h t l
gia th tch v trng lng ca hng khi loi hng ny c xp
trong hm tu
Khi xp hng xung hm tu, mun tn dng c ht trng ti v
dung tch ca tu th nn la chn cc mt hng tha mn:
X1 + X2 + .+ Xn = DWCC
X1.SF1 + X2.SF2 + + Xn.SFn = CS
Trong : X1, X2, , Xn l khi lng ca cc mt hng
SF1, SF2, , SFn l h s xp hng tng ng ca cc mt
hng trn
DWCC l trng ti tnh ca tu
CS l dung tch cha hng ca tu

1.3. Phn loi tu bun

Cn c vo cng dng
Nhm tu ch hng kh- Dry Cargo Ships: dng trong
chuyn ch hng ha th rn c bao b hoc khng
c bao b v hng ha th lng c bao b:

Tu ch hng bch ha
Tu container
Tu ch x lan
Tu ch hng kh c khi lng ln
Tu ch hng kt hp

Nhm tu ch hng lng: gm cc tu ch hng ha

th lng khng c bao b:

Tu ch du
Tu ch hng lng khc
Tu ch hi t thin nhin
Tu ch du kh ha lng

Nhm tu ch hng c bit: gm nhng tu chuyn

ch nhng loi hng ha c nhu cu xp d v bo
qun c bit

1.3. Phn loi tu bun

Cn c theo c tu:
Tu cc ln- Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC): tu ch du
th c trng ti 350 000 DWT tr ln
Tu rt ln (VLCC): tu ch du c trng ti 200 000 n
350 000 DWT
Tu c trng ti trung bnh: cc tu ch hng ri v hng
bch ha c trng ti tnh di 200 000DWT
Tu nh: tu c trng ti v dung tch ng k nh (nhng
trng ti ton phn phi t 300 DWT hoc dung tch ng
k phi t 100GRT tr ln)

Cn c theo c tu
Tu treo c thng
Tu treo c phng tin

Cn c vo phm vi kinh doanh

Tu chy vng bin xa
Tu chy vng bin gn

1.3. Phn loi tu bun

Cn c vo phng thc kinh doanh:
Tu ch
Tu chy rng

Cn c vo ng c
Tu chy ng c diezen
Tu chy ng c hi nc

Cn c vo tui tu

Tu tr
Tu trung bnh
Tu gi
Tu rt gi

2. Cng bin
2.1. Khi nim, chc nng, nhim v
Khi nim: Cng bin l ni ra vo, neo u ca tu bin, l ni
phc v tu b v hng ha, l u mi giao thng quan trng
ca cc quc gia c bin
Chc nng
Phc v tu bin
Phc v hng ha

Nhim v ca cng bin Vit nam

Xy dng quy hoch, k hoch pht trin cng bin trong phm vi
trch nhim
Phi hp hot ng ca cc t chc, c quan thc hin chc nng
qun l nh nc chuyn ngnh ti cng bin
Kim tra, gim st vic thc hin cc quy nh ca php lut v
m bo an ton cng v lung ra vo cng
Phi hp vi cc c quan hu quan thc hin cc hot ng tm
kim, cu nn hoc x l s c mi trng
Cp giy php cho tu ra, vo cng v thc hin cc yu cu v bt
gi, tm gi hng hi
Yu cu cc c nhn, c quan hu quan cung cp cc thng tin, ti
liu thc hin chc nng qun l nh nc ca cng

2. Cng bin
2.2. Trang thit b v cc ch tiu hot ng ca cng
Trang thit b:
Nhm trang thit b phc v tu ra vo cng v ch i xp d
hng: cu tu, lung lch, ke, p chn sng, h thng bo hiu,
h thng cu tu,
Nhm trang thit b phc v vic vn chuyn, xp d hng ha ti
cng: cn cu, xe nng hng, my bm ht hng, bng chuyn, u
my
Nhm trang thit b kho bi ca cng s dng cha ng v bo
qun hng ha: h thng kho bi, kho ngoi quan, b cha du, cc
trang thit b kho bi..
H thng ng giao thng v cc cng c vn ti ca cng: h
thng ng st, ng b, ng ni thy
Nhm trang thit b ni ca cng: cu tu, cn cu
Nhm trang thit b khc: in, h thng n chiu sng, n hiu,
h thng thng tin lin lc, my vi tnh
Cc ch tiu hot ng ca cng:
S lng tu/ tng dung tch ng k/ trng ti ton phn ra vo
cng trong mt nm
S tu bin c th xp d hng ha cng mt lc
Khi lng hng ha xp d trong mt nm
Mc xp d hng ha cng
Kh nng cha hng trong kho bi ca cng
Lut l, tp qun, cc loi ph, gi c cc loi dch v ca cng

III. Cc phng thc thu tu

1.
Phng thc thu tu ch
1.1. Khi nim v c im tu ch
Khi nim: Tu ch l tu chy thng xuyn trn mt
tuyn ng nht nh, gh qua nhng cng nht nh
v theo mt lch trnh nh trc.
c im:

Tu chy gia cc cng theo mt lch trnh nh trc

Chng t iu chnh cc mi quan h trong thu tu ch
l vn n ng bin
Khi thu tu ch, ch hng phi mc nhin chp nhn
cc iu kin, iu khon do hng tu t ra
Gi cc tu ch do cc hng tu quy nh v c
cng b sn trn biu cc
Cc ch tu thng cng nhau thnh lp cc cng hi
tu ch (liner conference) hay cng hi cc ph (freight
conference) khng ch th trng v nng cao kh
nng cnh tranh

1. Phng thc thu tu ch

1.2. Phng thc thu tu ch
Khi nim: thu tu ch/ lu cc tu ch (booking shipping
space) l vic ch hng lin h vi ch tu hoc i l ca ch
tu dnh ch trn tu chuyn ch hng ha t mt cng
ny n mt cng khc
Trnh t cc bc thu tu ch:
Ch hng yu cu ngi mi gii tm tu vn chuyn hng ha cho
mnh
Ngi mi gii cho tu, hi tu (gi booking note cho ngi
chuyn ch)
Ngi mi gii v ngi chuyn ch m phn vi nhau mt s
iu kin v iu khon: tn hng, s lng hng ha, cng xp,
cng d, chng t cung cp
Ngi mi gii thng bo cho ngi thu tu bit v kt qu thu
tu
Ch hng vn chuyn hng ha ra cng giao cho ngi chuyn ch
Ngi chuyn ch pht hnh vn n/ chng t vn ti cho ngi
gi hng

2. Vn n ng bin (Bill of Lading-B/L)

2.1. Khi nim v chc nng
Khi nim: vn n ng bin l chng t chuyn ch hng ha bng
ng bin do ngi chuyn ch hoc i din ca ngi chuyn ch
cp pht cho ngi gi hng sau khi hng ha c xp ln tu hoc
sau khi nhn hng xp.
Ngi cp vn n: ngi c phng tin chuyn ch, ngi kinh
doanh phng tin chuyn ch, ngi c ngi c phng tin
chuyn ch y quyn => phi k, ghi r tn, a ch cng ty v t
cch php l ca mnh trn vn n
Signed by Mr as the carrier
Signed by Mr as the Master
Signed by Vietfract as agent for the carrier
Signed by Mr on behalf of Mr as the Master
Thi im cp vn n:
Sau khi hng ha c xp ln tu
Sau khi nhn hng xp
Ngi c cp vn n: ngi gi hng (ngi Xk hoc ngi
c ngi XK y thc
Chc nng
Vn n ng bin l bng chng xc nhn mt hp ng
chuyn ch hng ha bng ng bin c k kt
Vn n ng bin l bin lai nhn hng ch ca ngi
chuyn ch pht hnh cho ngi gi hng
Vn n ng bin l chng t xc nhn quyn s hu hng ha
ghi trn vn n

2. Vn n ng bin (Bill of LadingB/L

2.2. Tc dng ca B/L
i vi ngi gi hng:
dng B/L lm bng chng giao hng cho ngi mua thng
qua ngi chuyn ch
dng B/L chng minh vi ngi mua v tnh trng hng ho
B/L cng cc chng t khc lp thnh b chng t thanh ton
tin hng

i vi ngi vn chuyn:
dng B/L pht hnh cho ngi gi hng khi nhn hng
ch
dng B/L giao hng cng n

i vi ngi nhn hng

dng V xut trnh nhn hng

dng V X lng hng ho ng bn giao cho mnh
dng V lm chng t cm c th chp chuyn nhng
dng V lm chng t trong b h s khiu ni
dng V lm chng t hon tt th tc XNK

2. Vn n ng bin (Bill of Lading-B/L)

2.2. Phn loi vn n
2.2.1. Cn c vo kh nng lu thng ca vn n (quyn chuyn nhng,
s hu hng ha ghi trn vn n)
Vn n ch danh (Straight B/L): l loi vn n trn ngi ta ghi r
tn v a ch ngi nhn hng
Ch ngi no c tn v a ch ng nh trn B/L mi nhn c hng
Khng chuyn nhng c cho ngi khc bng cch k hu chuyn
nhng
Ch c s dng trong 1 s t trng hp: hng c nhn gi c nhn,
hng qu biu, hng trin lm, hng cng ty m gi cng ty con.
Vn n theo lnh (To order B/L): l loi B/L trn khng ghi tn v
a ch ngi nhn hng m ch ghi theo lnh (to order) hoc c ghi
tn ca ngi nhn hng nhng ng thi ghi thm hoc theo lnh
(or to order)
Ngi no c quyn i nhn hng l ty thuc vo ngi ra lnh
Ti mc ngi nhn hng (Consignee) c th ghi:
- To order of shipper- theo lnh ca ngi gi hng
- To order of consignee- theo lnh ca ngi nhn hng
- To order of bank- theo lnh ca ngn hng thanh ton
Vn n theo lnh c dng rt ph bin trong bun bn v vn ti
quc t, c th chuyn nhng c bng cch k hu.

2. Vn n ng bin (Bill of Lading-B/L)

- K hu (endorsement): l mt th tc chuyn nhng quyn s hu
hng ha ghi trn B/L t ngi hng li ny sang ngi hng li
khc.
- Ngi k hu phi k tn, ng du vo mt sau B/L v trao cho ngi
hng li
- V mt php l, hnh vi k hu ca ngi k tn trn B/L tha nhn
vic t b quyn s hu hng ha ghi trn B/L cho ngi c hng.
- Ngi k hu phi tun th cc quy nh:
+) K hu bng ngn ng ca chnh ngi hng li trn B/L
+) Phi k vo chnh B/L gc
+) Phi th hin r ch v vic chuyn nhng quyn s hu
B/L
Cc cch k hu:
K hu ch danh: mt sau ca B/L gc, ngi k hu ghi r tn
ngi hng li, k v ng du xc nhn
K hu theo lnh: mt sau ca B/L gc, ngi k hu ghi theo lnh
ca
K hu v danh/ trng: mt sau ca B/L gc, ngi k hu ch ghi
tn mnh, k v ng du xc nhn hoc ghi r l trng
K hu min truy i (without recourse)

2. Vn n ng bin (Bill of Lading-B/L)

Vn n v danh (to bearer B/L): l loi B/L trn khng ghi tn ngi
nhn hng, hoc ghi r l v danh, hoc pht hnh theo lnh nhng khng
ghi r l theo lnh ca ai, hoc pht hnh theo lnh cho mt ngi hng
li nhng ngi k hu vn n v khng ch nh mt ngi
hng li khc
2.2.2. Cn c vo vic xp hng
Vn n xp hng (shipped on board B/L): l loi B/L c cp sau khi
hng ha c xp ln tu. Trn B/L thng th hin:
Shipped On Board
On Board
Shipped
=> C gi tr chng c rt ln- chng t hng ha c xp ln tu v
ngi bn hon thnh trch nhim giao hng cho ngi mua theo
hp ng mua bn, c bit khi mua bn theo cc iu kin FOB, CIF,
CFR (incoterms 2000)
Vn n nhn hng xp (Received for shipment B/L): l loi B/L c
pht hnh sau khi ngi chuyn ch nhn hng, cam kt s xp hng v
vn chuyn hng ha bng con tu ghi trn B/L
Thng c pht hnh:
Hng ha c giao cho ngi chuyn ch nhng tu cha n hoc
tu n nhng cha iu kin xp hng
Vic bn hng thng qua nhiu ngi trung gian: ngi gom hng, ngi
giao nhn
Giao hng t kho n kho

2. Vn n ng bin (Bill of Lading-B/L)

2.2.3. Cn c vo nhn xt, ghi ch trn B/L
Vn n sch/ hon ho (Clean B/L): l loi B/L trn khng c ghi ch xu hay
ghi ch bo lu ca thuyn trng v hng ha hoc tnh trng bn ngoi ca
hng ha
Cch th hin:
- ng du ch Clean ln phn nhn xt v hng ha hoc bao b
- Khng c ph ch g ln B/L
- C ph ch nhng khng lm mt tnh hon ho ca B/L
C gi tr chng c ln, chng t ngi bn hon thnh ngha v giao hng
ng nh s lng v tnh trng hng ha nh lc nhn t ngi gi hng
Ngi mua v ngn hng thanh ton ch chp nhn thanh ton tin hng khi c
B/L sch.
Vn n khng hon ho (Unclean B/L): l loi B/L trn c ph ch xu hay
ph ch phn i hay ph ch bo lu ca thuyn trng v hng ha hoc tnh
trng ca hng ha
Nu khng c quy nh g khc th ngi mua v ngn hng thanh ton khng
chp nhn tr tin hng i vi B/L khng hon ho.
Cch khc phc ly c Clean B/L:
Thay th hoc b sung hng ha trong trng hp hng ha b hng hoc b
thiu
Sa cha hng ha nu khng c hng thay th hoc hng ha c th sa
cha c
Lp th m bo (Letter of Indemnity) cho phn hng tn tht thanh ton
phn hng hon ho (ngi XK vit cho ngi chuyn ch trong cam
oan bi thng cho ngi chuyn ch khi hng ha b tn tht do nhng
nguyn nhn bo lu m ngi chuyn ch mun ghi trn B/L nhng
khng ghi v c th bo m)

2. Vn n ng bin (Bill of Lading-B/L)

2.2.4. Cn c vo hnh trnh chuyn ch
Vn n i thng (Direct B/L): l loi B/L c cp khi hng ha c
chuyn ch thng t cng xp hng n cng d hng m khng c
chuyn ti dc ng
Vn n ch sut (Through B/L): l loi B/L c cp khi hng ha
c chuyn ch qua nhiu chng (bng hai hay nhiu con tu ca hai
hay nhiu ngi chuyn ch) nhng do mt ngi pht hnh v chu
trch nhim v hng ha t im u n im cui ca hnh trnh
chuyn ch
Vn n vn ti a phng thc (Multimodal Transport B/L): l loi B/L
c cp khi hng ha c chuyn ch t ni ny n ni khc bng
hai hay nhiu phng thc vn ti khc nhau
2.2.5. Cn c vo phng thc thu tu
Vn n tu ch: l loi B/L c cp khi hng ha c chuyn ch
bng tu ch
Vn n theo hp ng thu tu (Charter party B/L): l loi B/L c
cp khi hng ha c chuyn ch bng mt hp ng thu tu (tu
chuyn, tu nh hn)
Trn B/L thng c ghi: ph thuc vo hp ng thu tu hoc s
dng vi hp ng thu tu (to be used with charter party)
2.2.6. Mt s loi vn n khc
- Giy gi hng ng bin (Sea Waybill)
- Vn n xut trnh ti cng gi.

2. Vn n ng bin (Bill of Lading-B/L)

2.3. Ni dung B/L
2.3.1. Mt trc
Shipper- ngi gi hng
Consignee- ngi nhn hng
Notify party/ notify address- a ch thng bo
Vessel- tu
Port of loading- cng xp hng
Port of discharge- cng d hng
Goods- Hng ha
Freight and Charge- thng tin v cc ph
Number of Original- s bn vn n gc
Date and Place of issue- Ngy v ni pht hnh
Signature- ch k
2.3.2. Mt sau
Cc khi nim
Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch
Min trch ca ngi chuyn ch
Quy nh v xp, d, bo qun hng ha
Cc ph v ph ph
iu khon v chin tranh, nh cng, bo ng, ni lon dn s
iu khon v chm giao hng
iu khon v tn tht chung
iu khon hai tu m va nhau cng c li
iu khon ti cao

2.4. Ngun lut iu chnh B/L

Cng c quc t thng nht mt s quy
tc v vn n ng bin (International
Convention for the unification of certain rules
relating to Bills of lading)- Cng c Brussel
1924/ Quy tc Hague
Ngh nh th sa i Cng c quc t
thng nht mt s quy tc v vn n ng
bin- Quy tc Hague Visby 1968
Ngh nh th SDR 1979
Cng c ca Lin hip quc v chuyn ch
hng ha bng ng bin (United Nation
Convention on the carriage of goods by sea)Cng c/ Quy tc Hamburg 1978
B lut hng hi Vit nam

2.5. Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch

ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo
B/L
2.5.1. Thi hn trch nhim (Period of Responsibility): l mt khong thi
gian v khng gian m ngi chuyn ch phi chu trch nhim v nhng
mt mt, h hng ca hng ha
Theo Cng c Brussel 1924 v NT Visby 1968:

Ngi chuyn ch chu trch nhim i vi hng ha k t khi hng ha c

xp ln tu ti cng i cho n khi hng ha c d ra khi tu ti cng n
=> Thi hn trch nhim t mc cu n mc cu (from tackle to tackle)

Theo Cng c Hamburg 1978:

Ngi chuyn ch chu trch nhim i vi hng ha k t khi nhn hng

ch cng xp hng cho n khi giao xong hng cng d hng
Thi hn trch nhim t khi nhn n khi giao
- Ngi chuyn ch c coi nh nhn hng ch khi nhn hng t:
- Ngi gi hng hoc ngi thay mt ngi gi hng
- Mt c quan c thm quyn hoc mt ngi th ba m theo lut l hoc
quy nh ti cng xp hng th hng ha phi giao cho ngi
- Ngi chuyn ch c coi nh giao hng cho ngi nhn khi giao hng
cho:
- Ngi nhn hng hoc ngi thay mt ngi nhn hng
- t hng ha di s nh ot ca ngi nhn hng ph hp vi hp
ng, lut l hay tp qun bun bn mt hng ti cng d
- Mt c quan c thm quyn hoc mt ngi th ba m theo lut l hoc
quy nh ti cng d hng th hng ha phi nhn t ngi

2.5. Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch

ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo
B/L
2.5.2. C s trch nhim (basis of liability): trch nhim ca
ngi chuyn ch v nhng mt mt, h hng ca hng
ha
Theo Cng c Brussel 1924 v NT Visby 1968: ngi
chuyn ch phi chu trch nhim v nhng thit hi do
mt mt, h hng ca hng ha khi hng ha cn thuc
trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch
Theo Cng c Hamburg 1978: ngi chuyn ch phi
chu trch nhim v thit hi do mt mt, h hng ca
hng ha v chm giao hng khi hng ha cn thuc
trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch
Hng ha b coi l chm giao nu khng c giao ti cng
d hng quy nh trong hp ng chuyn ch hng ha
bng ng bin trong thi gian tha thun r rng hoc
nu khng c tha thun nh vy th l trong thi gian hp
l mt ngi chuyn ch cn mn phi giao, c tnh n
hon cnh ca s vic.
Hng b coi l mt nu khng c giao nh trn trong thi
hn 60 ngy lin tc k t ngy ht thi hn giao hng quy
nh

2.5. Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch

ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo
B/L
Nhng trch nhim chnh ca ngi chuyn ch
Theo Cng c Brussel 1924 v NT Visby 1968: 3 trch
nhim chnh:
Cung cp tu c kh nng i bin:
Tu phi bn chc, kn nc, chu c sng gi trong iu kin
thng thng
Tu phi thch hp cho vic chuyn ch hng ha
Tu c cung ng y v nhin liu, bin ch y v thy
th

Trch nhim thng mi: ngi chuyn ch phi tin hnh mt

cch thch hp v cn thn vic xp, dch chuyn, sp xp,
chuyn ch, coi gi, chm sc v d nhng hng ha c
chuyn ch
Trch nhim cung cp B/L: sau khi nhn hng t ngi gi
hng ti cng xp hng quy nh phi pht hnh B/L cho ngi
gi hng

Theo Cng c Hamburg 1978: quy nh trch nhim ca

ngi chuyn ch da trn nguyn tc li hay s sut suy
on- Presumed Fault or Neglect

2.5. Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch

ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo
B/L
Min trch cho ngi chuyn ch:
Theo Cng c Brussel 1924 v NT Visby 1968: ngi chuyn ch
c hng 17 trng hp min trch:
1) Hnh vi s sut hay khuyt im ca thuyn trng, thy th, hoa tiu
hay ngi gip vic cho ngi chuyn ch trong thut i bin v qun
tr tu.
- Thut i bin (Navigation) l nhng hnh ng c lin quan n vic
iu khin tu chy hoc
- Qun tr tu (Management of ship) l hnh ng c lin quan n vic
qun l v chm sc tu trong hnh trnh.
2) Chy, tr khi do li lm thc s hay hnh ng c ca ngi chuyn
ch gy nn
3) Tai ha, nguy him, tai nn ca bin gy ra
4) Thin tai
5) Hnh ng chin tranh
6) Hnh ng th ch
7) Tu v hng ha b cm gi, b cu thc do lnh ca vua cha, chnh
quyn nhn dn hoc b tch thu do lnh ca ta n.
8) Hn ch v kim dch
9) nh cng, cm xng hoc lao ng b ngng tr v bt c nguyn
nhn no, xy ra ton b hay cc b
10) Hnh vi hay thiu st ca ch hng, ca i l hoc i din ca ch
hng

2.5. Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch

ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo
B/L
11) Bo ng hay ni lon
12) Cu hay c cu sinh mng v ti sn trn bin
13) Hao ht v trng lng hoc khi lng hoc h hng do ni
t, n t hoc bn cht c bit ca hng ha
14) Bao b khng y
15) K m hiu khng y hoc sai
16) Do n t ca tu m bng s cn mn hp l khng pht hin
ra c
17) Mi nguyn nhn khc khng phi do li lm hoc trch nhim
ca ngi chuyn ch hoc li lm do s sut ca i l hay
nhn vin ca ngi chuyn ch
- Theo Cng c Hamburg 1978: khng lit k cc trng hp
min trch cho ngi chuyn ch m da trn nguyn tc suy
on li=> ngi chuyn ch c min trch nu chng
minh c mnh p dng mi bin php cn thit hp l
nhm ngn nga tn tht v tn tht khng do li lm hay s
sut ca mnh gy nn.
=> Trch nhim chng minh li thuc v ngi chuyn ch

2.5. Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch

ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo
B/L
2.5.3. Gii hn trch nhim (Limit of Liability): l s tin ti a m
ngi chuyn ch phi bi thng cho mt n v hng ha b
tn tht trong trng hp gi tr hng ha khng c k khai
trn B/L hay chng t vn ti.
Theo Cng c Brussel 1924: 100GBP/ kin hay n v hng
ha b mt mt, h hng
Theo NT Visby 1968: 10 000Franc vng /kin, n v hng ha
hoc 30 Franc vng/ kg hng ha c b b mt mt h hng ty
theo cch tnh no c li ch hng la chn
Franc vng l ng tin c cha 65.5 mg vng vi nguyn cht
l 900/1000
i vi hng ha chuyn ch trong Container:
n v hng ha l n v tnh cc
Nu c k khai trn B/L s lng gi, bao, kin ng trong cc n v
th cc kin, bao, gi c coi l n v tnh cc (s bi thng
= s k khai)
Nu khng k khai th tt c Container c tnh l mt n v bi
thng.

NT SDR 1979: 666.67 SDR/kin, n v hng ha, hoc

2SDR/kg hng ha c b b mt mt h hng ty theo cch tnh
no c li ch hng la chn

2.5. Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch

ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo
B/L
Theo Cng c Hamburg 1978:
Hng ha b mt mt, h hng: 835 SDR/kin, n v hoc
2.5SDR/kg hng ha c b ty theo cch tnh no c li ch
hng la chn.
i vi cc nc khng phi l thnh vin ca IMF hoc
nhng nc lut l khng cho php s dng ng SDR th
c th tuyn b gii hn trch nhim theo n v tin t
(mu- monetary unit): 12 500mu/kin, n v hoc 37.5 mu/kg
hng ha
i vi hng chuyn ch trong Container: quy nh ging
NDT Visby 1968, b sung thm: nu bn thn v Container
hoc cng c vn ti tng t b mt mt, h hi th
container c tnh l mt n v hng ha bi
thng nu khng thuc s hu ca ngi chuyn ch
hoc khng do ngi chuyn ch cung cp.
Chm giao hng: gii hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn
ch l mt s tin tng ng vi 2.5 ln tin cc ca
s hng chm giao nhng khng vt qu tng tin cc
ca ton b hp ng vn chuyn ng bin.

2.5. Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch

ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo
B/L
Khi chuyn ch hng ha bng ng bin th trch
nhim ca ngi chuyn ch i vi hng ha c quy
nh bi 3 quy tc: Hague, Hague- Visby v Hamburg
Quy tc Hamburg quy nh trch nhim ca ngi
chuyn ch rng nht, nhiu nht, m bo quyn li ca
ch hng nhiu hn nn cha c p dng nhiu trong
thc t
Nhng im tin b ca Hamburg:
Quy nh trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch l hp l, bo
v quyn li ca ch hng nhiu hn
iu chnh c vic chuyn ch hng xp trn boong v sc
vt sng, c hng ha ng trong container, pallet v cc
cng c vn ti tng t
Quy nh trch nhim ca c ngi chuyn ch v ngi
chuyn ch thc t:

Ngi chuyn ch l bt k ngi no t mnh hoc thng qua

mt ngi khc k kt mt hp ng chuyn ch hng ha vi
ngi gi hng
Ngi chuyn ch thc t l bt k ngi no thc hin mt
phn hoc ton b hnh trnh theo s y thc ca ngi
chuyn ch

Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch hng ha

bng ng bin theo vn n quy nh trong
B
lut hng hi Vit nam 2005
Thi hn trch nhim: iu 74: Trch nhim ca ngi vn

chuyn pht sinh t khi ngi vn chuyn nhn hng ti cng

nhn hng, c duy tr trong sut qu trnh vn chuyn v

chm dt khi kt thc vic tr hng ti cng tr hng.

C s trch nhim: ngi chuyn ch chu trch nhim v
nhng mt mt, h hng ca hng ha v chm giao hng.
Quy nh 3 trch nhim chnh ca ngi chuyn ch
Quy nh 17 trng hp min trch cho ngi chuyn ch, nhng
ngi chuyn ch mun c min trch th phi chng minh
mnh khng c li.

Gii hn trch nhim:

Hng c k khai gi tr: bi thng theo gi tr k khai
Hng khng k khai gi tr: 666.67 SDR/ kin, n v hng ha hoc
2SDR/kg hng ha c b ty theo cch tnh no c li ch hng la
chn. Tin bi thng c chuyn i thnh tin Vit nam theo t
gi chnh thc do Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit nam cng b
thi im thanh ton tin bi thng.
i vi hng ha chuyn ch trong Container v cc cng c vn
ti tng t: quy nh ging NT Visby 1968
Chm giao hng: quy nh ging Hamburg

2.6. Thng bo tn tht v khiu ni

ngi chuyn ch
2.6.1. Thng bo tn tht: l thng bo bng vn bn ca ngi nhn hng,
ni r tnh trng tn tht ca hng ha, gi cho ngi chuyn ch
trong mt thi gian quy nh bo lu quyn khiu ni vi ngi
chuyn ch.
Nu tn tht r rt: l nhng tn tht c th nhn thy c bng mt
thng

Thng bo tn tht c th hin bng COR (bin bn hng v h hng)

Theo Cng c Brussel v NT Visby: COR phi c lp trc hoc vo
lc giao hng
Theo Cng c Hamburg: COR phi c lp khng mun hn ngy lm
vic sau ngy giao hng cho ngi nhn

Nu tn tht khng r rt: l nhng tn tht kh c th pht hin c

bng mt thng hay l nhng nghi ng c tn tht.

Thng bo tn tht c th hin bng LOR (Letter of Reservation- th d

khng) cho ngi chuyn ch hoc i l ca h.
Theo Cng c Brussel v NT Visby: phi thng bo trong vng 3 ngy sau
khi nhn c hng
Theo Cng c Hamburg: phi thng bo trong vng 15 ngy lin tc sau
khi nhn c hng

Chm giao hng (ch p dng ring cho Cng c Hamburg): ngi
nhn hng phi thng bo bng vn bn cho ngi chuyn ch trong
vng 60 ngy lin tc sau ngy hng ha c giao cho ngi nhn.

2.6. Thng bo tn tht v khiu ni ngi chuyn

ch
2.6.2. Khiu ni ngi chuyn ch
Nhng ngi c th khiu ni ngi chuyn ch:
Ngi gi hng
Ngi nhn hng
Ngi cm gi vn n
Ngi bo him
H s khiu ni:
Nhm mc ch:
Chng minh cho li ch ca ngi khiu ni i vi hng ha
Chng minh cho thit hi xy ra v mc thit hi
Chng minh thit hi xy ra l do li ca ngi chuyn ch
Gm cc giy t, chng t:
Vn n ng bin
Ha n thng mi
Phiu ng gi
Bin bn hng v h hng (COR)
Bin bn kt ton nhn hng vi tu (ROROC)
Giy chng nhn hng thiu (Certificate of Shortlanded Cargo)
Th d khng (LOR)
Bin bn gim nh (Survey Report)
Cc giy t, chng t chng minh li ca ngi chuyn ch
Thi hn khiu ni
Cng c Brussel: 1 nm k t ngy giao hng hoc t ngy hng ha ng l
phi c giao
NT Visby: 1 nm v cc bn c th tha thun ko di thm nhng thi hn
ko di khng c qu 3 thng
Cng c Hamburg: 2 nm v cc bn cng c th tha thun ko di thm

3. Phng thc thu tu chuyn

3.1. Khi nim v c im ca tu chuyn
3.1.1. Khi nim
Tu chuyn l tu chuyn ch hng ha gia hai hoc nhiu
cng theo yu cu ca ch hng trn c s mt hp ng thu
tu.
Tu chuyn l tu khng chy thng xuyn trn mt tuyn
ng nht nh, khng gh qua nhng cng nht nh v
khng theo mt lch trnh nh trc.
3.1.2. c im
- Thng c dng chuyn ch hng ha c khi lng
ln, tnh cht hng ha tng i thun nht v ngi thu tu
thng c hng xp y tu.
- Thng c 1 boong, ming hm rng thun tin cho vic
xp d hng ha ln xung tu.
- Tc tu chuyn tng i chm hn so vi tu ch
- iu kin chuyn ch, cc ph, chi ph bc xp hng ha
c quy nh c th trong hp ng thu tu do hai bn tha
thun k kt.

3. Phng thc thu tu chuyn

3.2. Phng thc thu tu chuyn
3.2.1. Khi nim
Thu tu chuyn l vic ch hng dnh cho ngi thu thu ton b hay mt
phn con tu chuyn ch hng ha t mt cng ny n mt cng khc.
3.2.2. Cc hnh thc thu tu chuyn
- Thu chuyn mt (single trip):
- Thu chuyn mt kh hi (round trip)
- Thu chuyn mt lin tc (Consecutive voyage)
- Thu lin tc kh hi
- Thu khon
- Thu bao
- Thu nh hn:
- Thu nh hn trn
- Thu nh hn khng trn
3.2.3. Trnh t cc bc thu tu chuyn
- Bc 1: ngi thu tu nh ngi mi gii tm tu, hi tu
- Bc 2: ngi mi gii cho tu, hi tu
- Bc 3: ngi mi gii v ngi chuyn ch m phn vi nhau tt c cc
iu kin, iu khon ca hp ng thu tu
- Bc 4: ngi mi gii thng bo kt qu thu tu cho ngi thu
- Bc 5: ngi thu tu v ngi chuyn ch k hp ng thu tu
- Bc 6: thc hin hp ng thu tu:
- Ngi thu tu vn chuyn hng ha ra cng giao cho ngi chuyn
ch
- Ngi chuyn ch hoc i din ca ngi chuyn ch pht hnh b
vn n cho ngi gi hng

3.3. Hp ng thu tu chuyn (Charter

Party C/P)
3.3.1. Khi nim
Hp ng thu tu chuyn l loi hp ng chuyn ch hng ha bng
ng bin, trong ngi chuyn ch cam kt chuyen ch hng ha
t mt hay nhiu cng ny v giao cho mt ngi nhn mt hay
nhiu cng khc, cn ngi i thu tu cam kt tr tin cc thu tu
ng nh hai bn tha thun trong hp ng.
3.2.2. Cc mu hp ng thu tu chuyn thng gp
Mu hp ng thu tu mang tnh cht tng hp:

Mu hp ng GENCON
Mu hp ng NUVOY
Mu hp ng SCANCON

Mu hp ng thu tu mang tnh cht chuyn dng

Mu hp ng NORGRAIN 89 ca hip hi mi gii v i l M chuyn

ch ng cc
Mu hp ng CEMENCO ca M pht hnh nm 1922 chuyn ch xi
mng
Mu hp ng CUBASUGAR ca Cuba chuyn ch ng
Mu hp ng EXONVOY, MOBILVOY, SHELLVOY ca M chuyn ch du
Mu hp ng RUSSWOOD ca Nga dng chuyn ch g

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu chuyn

iu khon v ch th hp ng
Ch th ca hp ng: ngi chuyn ch, ngi thu tu
Cn ghi r tn, a ch, s in thoi, s Fax ca cc bn
Nu k hp ng thng qua i l hoc cng ty mi gii
cn ghi r as agent only cui hp ng

iu khon v con tu: quy nh mt cch c th cc c

trng c bn ca con tu:

Tn tu
Quc tch tu
Cht lng tu
ng c tu
Cp hng tu
Trng ti
Dung tch
Mn nc
V tr ca tu

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
iu khon thi gian tu n cng xp hng: l thi gian tu phi n
cng xp hng nhn hng ch theo quy nh ca hp ng

Cc cch quy nh:

Quy nh ngy c th ngy 25/11/2008 tu phi n cng Hi phng
nhn hng xp
Quy nh mt khong thi gian: tu phi n cng Tin Sa nhn
hng t ngy 22 n 25 thng 11 nm 2008
* Lu : Khi k hp ng, nu con tu c thu ang mt khu vc ln cn
hoc gn cng xp hng th c th tha thun theo cc iu khon:
Prompt: tu n cng xp hng vi ba ngy sau ngy k hp ng
Promptisimo: tu n cng xp hng ngay trong ngy k hp ng
Spot prompt: tu n cng xp hng mt vi gi sau khi k hp ng.

D quy nh theo cch no th ngi chuyn ch cng phi thng bo

cho ngi thu tu thi gian d kin tu n cng xp hng quy nh
(ETA- Estimated Time of Arrival)

Mt con tu c coi nh n cng v sn sng xp hng hoc d hng

khi:
Tu n c vng thng mi ca cng
Tu sn sng xp d v mi mt:
Lm xong cc th tc vo cng (hi quan, bin phng, v sinh y t)
Sn sng cc iu kin k thut cho vic xp hng
Tu trao thng bo sn sng xp d (NOR- Notice of Readiness) cho
ngi thu tu hoc ngi nhn hng mt cch thch hp.

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
iu khon v hng ha (Cargo Clause)
Tn hng:
ghi r tn hng ha chuyn ch
Nu ch hng mun chuyn ch hai loi hng ha trn
cng mt chuyn tu th phi ghi v/ hoc tn hng
ha thay th: 1000 MT of rice and/or maize
Nu vo lc k hp ng thu tu cha xc nh c
tn hng th c th quy nh chung giao mt mt hng
hp php: rubber and/or any lawful goods

Bao b hng ha: quy nh loi bao b c th, ghi r k

m hiu
S lng hng ha: ty theo tng mt hng c th
quy nh ch theo trng lng hoc th tch, nn quy
nh km theo mt t l dung sai:
Khong (about)
S lng ti a, ti thiu (max, min)
Ghi chnh xc s lng + dung sai: 10 000 MT more or
less 5% at Masters option

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
iu khon cng xp, cng d hng
(Loading/Discharging Port)
2 cch quy nh:
- C th cng no, cu cng s my
=> Nu xp d ti nhiu cng, cu th phi quy
nh th t xp d v chi ph chuyn cu
(shifting expense)
- Chung chung: one safe berth, Haiphong Port)
Cng xp d phi an ton:
- V hng hi
- V chnh tr
Ch : or so near thereto as ship may safely get
and she always afloat

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
iu khon cc ph thu tu: l s tin m ngi thu tu
phi tr cho vic vn chuyn hng ha hoc nhng dch v c
lin quan n vic vn chuyn
Mc cc: l s tin cc tnh trn mt n v hng ha
n v tnh cc:
Hng nng: MT, long ton, short ton
Hng nh, cng knh: m3, cubic feet, tn th tch (measurement
ton) = 40c.ft

S lng hng ha tnh cc:

Theo s lng hng ha thc xp ln tu ti cng i (On taken quantity)
Theo s lng hng thc giao ti cng n (Delivery Quantity)

Thi gian thanh ton:

Tin cc tr trc: Freight Prepaid/ Freight payable at Loading port
Tin cc tr sau: Freight to Collect
Tr khi bt u d hng (Freight payable on commencement of
discharge)
Tr ng thi vi vic d hng (Freight payable concurrent with
discharge)
Tr khi d hng xong (Freight payable on completion of discharge)
Tr khi hng ha c giao thc s v ng n (freight payable
on actual and proper completion of discharge)
Lu : i vi tu ch du th ngi chuyn ch phi giao hng xong
mi c thanh ton tin cc

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
iu khon chi ph xp d
iu kin tu ch (Liner terms/Gross terms/Berth
terms)
iu kin min chi ph xp d cho ngi chuyn ch
(FIO- Free In and Out, FIOS, FIOT, FIOST)
iu kin min chi ph xp hng cho ngi chuyn
ch (FI- Free In, FIS, FIT, FIST)
iu kin min chi ph d hng cho ngi chuyn
ch (FO- Free Out, FOS, FOT, FOST)
Cc thut ng trn phi i km vi gi cc trong
hp ng
Phi la chn iu kin chi ph xp d ph hp :
Trnh tr hai ln chi ph xp d hai ln cho ngi
chuyn ch hoc ngi bn
To iu kin thun li cho vic xp d hng
Tit kim ngoi t

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
iu khon v thi gian xp d (Laytime): l mt khong thi gian do hai bn tha
thun trong hp ng thu tu thc hin cng vic xp d hng ha ln xung
tu, cn gi l thi gian cho php (allowed time)
Cc cch quy nh:
Quy nh mt s ngy c th
Quy nh mc xp d hng ha cho ton tu hoc cho mt mng xp d
trong ngy
Quy nh xp d theo tp qun
n v tnh thi gian xp d:
Ngy (days): ngy theo lch
Ngy lin tc (running days): l nhng ngy k tip nhau trn lch k c
ch nht v ngy l
Ngy lm vic (Working Days): l nhng ngy lm vic chnh thc m
chnh ph quy nh ti cc nc hay cc cng bin lin quan.
Ngy lm vic 24h (Working Days of 24hours): c 24h lm vic mi c
tnh l 1 ngy
Ngy lm vic 24h lin tc (Working Days of 24 Consecutive hours): tnh
t 0h n 24h
Ngy lm vic thi tit tt (Weather Working Days): ngy lm vic chnh
thc ti cc cng trong thi tit tt cho php tin hnh cng vic xp
d hng
Ch nht (Sundays): ngy ngh cui tun do lut php tng nc quy
nh
Ngy l (holidays): gm ngy l quc gia v ngy l quc t
Ngy l v ch nht c tnh vo thi gian xp d hay khng phi quy nh c
th trong hp ng thu tu

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
-

C th quy nh:
-

7 WWD, S.H. EX, U.U (Cargo to be loaded in 7 weather working days

of 24 consecutive hours, Sundays and holidays excepted, unless
used)
7 WWD, S.H. EX, E.U (Cargo to be loaded in 7 weather working days
of 24 consecutive hours, Sundays and holidays excepted, even if
used)

Mc tnh thi gian xp d: ph thuc vo vic ngi chuyn

ch trao thng bo sn sng xp d (NOR- Notice of
Readiness) v ngi thu tu chp nhn thng bo ny.
-

Trc khi chp nhn NOR, ch hng phi kim tra tnh sn sng
ca tu:
- Tu cp vo vng thng mi ca cng hay cha
- Tu lm xong cc th tc vo cng hay cha
- Cc trang thit b xp d, cc hm quy hng sn sng xp hay d
hng ha cha

Trnh ngi chuyn ch ghi trn hp ng W, W, W, W

-

WIPON: Whether in Port or not

WIBON: Whether in Berth or not
WIFON: Whether in Free Pratique or not
WICON: Whether in Custom Cleared or not

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
- Hp ng mu GENCON quy nh:
- Thi gian lm hng bt u c tnh t 13h
nu NOR c trao trc hoc vo lc 12h tra
- Thi gian lm hng c tnh t 6h sng hm
sau nu NOR c trao vo gi lm vic sau
12h tra
- Khong thi gian sau khng tnh vo thi gian
lm hng: t 13h chiu th 7 hoc 13h ca
ngy lm vic trc ngy ngh l n 7h sng
ca ngy th 2 hoc 7h sng ca ngy lm vic
k tip sau ngy ngh l

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
iu khon thng pht xp d nhanh chm
Tin thng xp d nhanh (Despatch money): l khon tin
ngi chuyn ch phi tr cho ngi thu tu v vic ngi
thu tu xp d hng ha nhanh hn so vi thi gian quy
nh trong hp ng
Mc thng = mc pht:
Thng cho ton tu trong 1 ngy
Thng cho 1 n v trng ti/dung tch

Thi gian thng:

Tnh cho ton b thi gian tit kim c (for all time saved)
Ch thng cho thi gian lm vic tit kim c (all working time
saved)

Tng tin thng = mc thng X thi gian thng

Tin pht xp d chm (demurrage money): l khon tin m

ngi thu tu phi tr cho ngi chuyn ch v vic xp
d hng ha chm hn so vi thi gian quy nh ca hp
ng
Mc pht = 2 mc thng
Pht cho ton tu trong 1 ngy
Pht cho 1 n v trng ti/dung tch

Thi gian pht: mt khi b pht th lun lun b pht (once on

demurrage, always on demurrage)
Tng tin pht = mc pht X thi gian pht

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
Cch tnh thng pht:
Tnh b tr: thi gian thng thi gian pht
Tnh ring: tin thng ring, tin pht ring

xem xt vn thng pht xp d nhanh

chm cn thc hin:
Nghin cu C/P xem thi gian xp, d c quy
nh l bao nhiu, mc tnh thi gian xp d t khi
no, khong thi gian no khng tnh vo thi gian
xp d
Tnh ton bit thc t xp, d ht bao nhiu ngy,
gi cn c vo bin bn s kin (Statement of Factsl mt chng t do i l tu lp ra trong ghi li tt
c cc s kin c lin quan n con tu k t khi tu
n cng cho n khi tu hon thnh vic xp d)
Trn c s bin bn s kin lp bng tnh thi gian
xp d (Time Sheet) tnh xem bao nhiu ngy b
pht, bao nhiu ngy c thng.

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
iu khon trch nhim v min trch ca ch tu/ngi
chuyn ch
Trch nhim:
Cung cp tu c kh nng i bin, iu tu n cng theo
ng thi gian quy nh
Hng dn vic xp d hng ha ln xung tu
Chu trch nhim v tn tht ca hng ha do li lm, s sut
ca thuyn trng, thy th, hoa tiu trong thut i bin v
qun tr tu
iu khin tu chy trn bin vi tc hp l, khng cho tu
u bt k ni no khng c trong hnh trnh tr trng
hp bt kh khng
Sau khi nhn hng phi cp vn n

Min trch:

Thin tai
Tai nn bt ng
Cc trng hp bt kh khng
Hnh ng ca k th

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
iu khon trng ti v lut xt x
Trong ti l mt loi ta n t (Private Court) do cc bn
t nguyn lp ra v t nguyn tun th cc quyt nh
ca n, gm hai loi: trng ti quy ch v trng ti
ADHOC
iu kin tin quyt: mun gii quyt tranh chp bng
trng ti th cc bn phi tha thun v trng ti hoc phi
c iu khon v trng ti trong hp ng thu tu
Tha thun trng ti hay iu khon trng ti phi c
hai yu t:
Tn y , chnh xc ca t chc trng ti
Quy tc t tng p dng gii quyt v vic
Mt s vn khc: ngn ng, s trng ti vin, a im

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
iu khon trng ti mu ca VIAC
Mi tranh chp pht sinh t hoc lin quan n
hp ng ny s c gii quyt ti Trung tm
Trng ti quc t Vit nam bn cnh Phng
Thng mi v cng nghip Vit nam theo
Quy tc t tng trng ti ca Trung tm ny.
All disputes arising out of or in relation to this
contract shall be finally settled by the Vietnam
International Arbitration Center at the Vietnam
Chamber of Commerce and Industry in
accordance with its Arbitration Rules

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
Thc t iu khon trng ti trong cc
hp ng thu tu ca ch tu Vit
nam
Any dispute arising out of this C/P to be
settled in Singapore and English law to
apply.
Dispute, if any, to be settled fully and
finally by HKIAC in HongKong and
English law to apply

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
iu khon hai tu m va nhau cng c li (Both to
Blame Collision)
If the (Carrying) ship comes into collision with another ship as a result
of the negligence of the other ship and any act, neglect or default in the
navigation or the management of the carrying ship, the Merchant
undertakes to pay the carrier or where the Carrier is not the owner and
in possession of the carrying ship to pay to the Carrier as trustee for the
owner and/or demise charterer of the carrying ship, a sum sufficient to
indemnify the Carrier and/or the owners and/or demise charterer of the
carrying ship against all loss or liability to the other or non carrying ship
or her owners, insofar as such loss or liability represents loss of or
damage to or any claim whatsoever of the Merchant, paid or payable by
the other or non carrying ship or her owners to the Merchant and set off
recouped or recovered by the other or non carrying ship or her owners
as part of their claim against the carrying ship or her owner or demise
charterer or the Carrier. The foregoing provisions shall also apply where
the owners, operators or those in charge of any ship or ships or
objects, other than, or in addition to the colliding ship or objects, are at
fault in respect to a collision; contact, stranding or other accident.

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
Nu tu ch hng A m va tu khng hng B do hu
qu s sut ca tu B v do hnh vi s sut hoc li lm
ca thuyn trng, thy th, hoa tiu hay ngi phc v
trong vic chy tu v qun tr tu ch hng A, th ch
hng trn tu A s bi thng cho ngi chuyn ch
(Tu A) mi mt mt hoc trch nhim i vi tu khng
hng B n mc mt mt hoc trch nhim ny tng
ng vi mt mt hoc h hng m ch hng c tu
khng hng B hoc s bi thng v n c i
chiu, gim tr hoc trch gi nh lmt phn khiu ni
ca tu B i vi tu A. Quy nh va c cp cng
s p dng ti ni no m ch tu, ngi iu hnh
hoc ngi qun l tu hay phng tin no khc m
phm li lm trong mt v tu m va.

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
iu khon tn tht chung v New Jason (General Average and New Jason
Clause)
General Average shall be adjusted in London unless otherwise agreed
in Box 22 according to York- Antwerp Rules 1994 and any subsequent
modification thereof. Proprietors of cargo to pay the cargos share in
the general expense even if same have been necessitated through
neglect or default of the Owners servant.
If General Average is to be adjusted in accordance with the law and
practice of the US of America, the following clause shall apply: In the
event of accident, danger, damage or disaster before or after the
commencement of the voyage, resulting from any cause whatsoever,
whether due to negligence or not, for which, or for the consequence of
which, the Carrier is not responsible, by statute, contract or otherwise,
the goods, Shippers, Consignees or owners of the goods shall
contribute with the Carrier in general average to the payment of any
sacrifices, losses or expenses of a general average nature that may be
made or incurred and shall pay salvage and special charges incurred in
respect of the goods. If a salving ship is owned or operated by the
Carrier, salvage shall be paid for as fully as if the said salving ship or
ships belonged to strangers. Such deposit as the Carrier or his agents
may deem sufficient to cover the estimated contribution of the goods
and any salvage and special charges thereon shall, if required, be made
by the goods, Shippers, Consignees or owners of the goods to the
Carrier before delivery.

3.3.3. Ni dung hp ng thu tu

chuyn
Ch hng hoc ngi gi, ngi nhn hng c bn
phn ng gp tn tht chung bt k him ha, tai nn
xy ra trc hoc sau hnh trnh ca con tu, bt k
nguyn nhn xy ra tn tht chung nh th no bao gm
c nguyn nhn bt cn ca tu m tu c hng
min trch cn c theo lut php, hp ng hoc cch
no khc. H s tr ph cu h v nhng chi ph c bit
pht sinh i vi hng ha. Ph cu h s c tr ton
b y cho d tu cu h thuc s hu ch tu hay
s hu ca ngi ngoi. S tin k qu ng gp tn
tht chung do ngi chuyn ch hoc i l ca h d
kin coi nh y s c ch hng, ngi gi hoc
ngi nhn hng giao np trc khi nhn hng.