Van Tai (Chuong 5)

CHNG IV.
CHUYN CH HNG HO
BNG VN TI A PHNG THC
I. Khi qut v vn ti a phng thc

II. Hiu qu ca vn ti a phng thc
III. T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng
vn ti a phng thc
Hong Th oan Trang-VT & BH
CHNG IV. CHUYN CH HNG HO

I. Khi qut v vn ti a phng thc
1. Khi nim vn ti a phng thc
2. Cc thut ng lin h
3. c im ca vn ti a phng thc
4. Cc hnh thc ca VTPT
I. KHI QUT V VTPT

Nguyn nhn ra i v pht trin ca VTPT
Nhu cu hon thin h thng cung ng,
phn phi vt cht
Yu cu ca cuc cch mng container,
c bit trong VT ng bin.
S pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin
I. KHI QUT V VTPT

n 1: Sgk, VTPT (Multimodal Transport)/VT
lin hp (Combined Transport) l 1 phng
php VT trong hng ho c vn chuyn
bng t nht 2 PTVT , trn c s 1 chng t
VT, 1 ch TN v 1 ngi chu TN v hng
ho trong sut hnh trnh chuyn ch
I. KHI QUT V VTPT

n 2: iu a, QT 2 Uniform Rules for
combined
transport
documents/ICC,
VTPT QT l vic vn chuyn hng ho
bng t nht 2 PTVT, t 1 a im 1
nc n 1 a im giao hng 1 nc
khc.
I. KHI QUT V VTPT

n 3: 1, C UN v VT hng ho PT
1980 (United Nations Convention on

International Multimodal Transport of
Goods, 1980), VTPT QT l vic vn
chuyn hng ho bng t nht 2 PTVT
trn c s 1 H VTPT
I. KHI QUT V VTPT

2. Cc thut ng lin h
- Ngi kinh doanh VTPT MTO (Multimodal
Transport Operator) l bt c ng no k H
VTPT
- H VTPT (Multimodal Transport Contract) l 1
H, theo MTO m nhn vic thc hin
- Chng t VTPT (Multimodal Transport
Document) l 1 chng t lm bng chng cho 1
H VTPT
- Ngi gi hng (Consignor Shipper) l bt c
ng no thc s giao hng cho MTO lin quan
n H VTPT
I. KHI QUT V VTPT
2. Cc thut ng lin h
- Ngi nhn hng (Consignee) l ng c
quyn nhn l hng do ng chuyn ch giao
- Hng (Goods) gm container, pallet hay
dng c VT khc (nu do ngi gi hng
cung cp) v cc hng ha.
- C QT (International Convention) l 1 tho
thun QT c k bng vn bn gia cc
quc gia v do lut php QT quy nh.
I. KHI QUT V VTPT
3. c im ca VTPT
c t nht 2 PTVT # tham gia v/chuyn
da trn c s 1 H n nht v c th
hin trn 1 chng t n nht k gia ngi
kinh doanh VTPT v ngi gi hng
chng t VTPT (Multimodal Transport
document), V VTPT (Multimodal Transport
Bill of Lading), V VT lin hp (Combined
Transport Bill of Lading), V gi hng VT lin
hp (B/L for combined transport shipment)
hay V gi hng t cng n cng (B/L for
port to port shipment).
I. KHI QUT V VTPT
3. c im ca VTPT
ch c 1 ng chu TN v hng ho trc
ng gi hng, l ng kinh doanh VTPTMTO.
MTO chu TN /vi hng ho theo 1 ch
TN (regime of liability) nht nh
+ Ch TN thng nht (Uniform Liability
System)
+ Ch TN tng chng (Network Liability
System)
10
I. KHI QUT V VTPT
3. c im ca VTPT
Ni nhn hng ch v ni giao hng
thng nhng nc #
Hng ho c vn chuyn bng cng
c VT (container, trailer, pallet...)
Li th ca VTPT l kh nng v/chuyn
t ca n ca (door to door transport)
11
I. KHI QUT V VTPT

- VT bin - VT HK (bin-khng) Sea/Air:
tuyn Vin ng-Chu u
- VT HK - VT t (Road/Air): tuyn M-EU v
c
- VT ng st/VT t (Rail/Road) chu M
v chu u
- ng st/t/ni thu/bin/ni
thu/t/ng st (Rail/Road/Inland Waterway/Sea/ Inland Water-way/Road/Rail)
12
I. KHI QUT V VTPT

- Mini bridge -cu mini: M v vng Vin
ng, M v chu u, M v Australia
- Micro Bridge
- Land bridge (cu lc a): tuyn chu
u/Trung ng-Vin ng, tuyn chu uVin ng
- Seatrain/Xe la i bin
13
II. Hiu qu ca VTPT

- Hiu qu kinh t
to ra 1 u mi duy nht trong v/chuyn hng
ho t ca n ca
gim CP VT do gim c CP lu kho lu bi
cc cng
tng nhanh tc giao hng
n gin ho chng t v th tc
hng ho an ton hn so vi VT nhiu chng
- Hiu qu x hi
tit kim CP
gii quyt cng n vic lm
14
CHNG IV. CHUYN CH HNG HO

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT
1. C s php l ca VT PT
2. Ngi kinh doanh VTPT
3. Thng bo tn tht v khiu ni MTO
4. Chng t VTPT
5. VTPT /vi Incoterms v UCP
6. VTPT i vi hi quan
15
1. C s php l ca VT PT
C ca UN v chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT
QT (UN Convention on the International Multimodal
Transport of Goods, 1980) thng qua 1980
QTc ca UNCTAD (Hi ngh LHQ v thng mi
v pht trin) v ICC (Phng thng mi QT) v
chng t VTPT (UNCTAD/ICC Rules for Multimodal
Transport Documents) c hiu lc 1/1/1992.
Cc quc gia ban hnh lut kinh doanh VTPT
N v kinh doanh VTPT 125-CP c hiu lc
1/1/2004
16

2. Ngi kinh doanh VTPT (Multimodal
Transport Operator -MTO/Combined Transport
Operator -CTO)
a. Khi nim
- C 1980 ca UN, MTO l bt k ng no t
mnh hoc thng qua ngi khc k kt 1 H
VTPT, hot ng nh 1 bn chnh (Principal)
v chu TN thc hin H VTPT
17

a. Khi nim
- QTc chng t VTPT ca UNCTAD v ICC,
MTO l bt k ng no k kt 1 H VTPT v
chu TN thc hin H nh 1 ng chuyn ch
- N125 VN, MTO l bt k ng no c giy
php kinh doanh VTPT ca VN hay nc
ngoi vi k ti sn >= 80.000 SDR ~ 112.000
USD (1 SDR=1,4-1,5 USD).
18

b. Cc loi MTO:
MTO c tu bin (Vessel operating MTO/VO-MTO)
MTO khng tu (Non-Vessel Operating MTO/NVOMTO)
- ch SH ca 1 PTVT khng phi tu bin
- ngi kinh doanh dch v lin quan n VT
- ngi kinh doanh VT cng cng khng c tu NVO
CC (common carrier)
- ngi GN (Freight forwarder)
19

c. TN ca MTO
TN ca MTO nh quy nh ca C v bn
QTc ch TN thng nht (Uniform
Liability System)
Nu trong 1 hnh trnh VTPT, TN ca MTO
da trn nhiu ch TN ca cc PTVT
tham gia chuyn ch ch TN tng
chng (Network Liability System).
20

c. TN ca MTO
Ch TN hin hnh ca cc PTVT:
+ VT bin: 3 quy tc Hague Rules, Hague-Visby
Rules v Hamburg Rules 1978.
+ VTHK: C Vacxava 1929 v cc NT sa i C
Vacxava nm 1955, 1975; C Guadalajara 1961,
NT Guatemala 1971
+ VT ng b: C v H chuyn ch hng ho
bng ng b QT CMR 1956
+ VT ng st: C QT v VT hng ho bng
ng st CIM 1961 v cng c v VT ng st
QT COTIF 1980
21

c. TN ca MTO
- Thi hn TN: C LHQ 1980 v Bn QTc
UNCTAD/ICC 1992
MTO chu TN /vi hng ho k t khi nhn hng
ch (take the goods in his charge) cho ti khi
giao hng (deliver) cho ng nhn ni n.
MTO coi nh nhn hng ch k t khi:
+ Ng gi hng hoc ng thay mt ng gi hng
+ 1 cq c thm quyn hoc bn th 3 #
22

c. TN ca MTO
- Thi hn TN: C LHQ 1980 v Bn QTc
UNCTAD/ICC 1992
MTO coi nh giao xong hng khi:
+ giao cho ng nhn
+ t hng ho di s nh ot ca ng
nhn
+ giao cho 1 cq c thm quyn hoc 1 bn
th ba #
23

c. TN ca MTO
C s TN:
-C 1980 v VTPT ca UN, MTO chu TN /vi tn
tht thit hi ca hng ho, chm giao hng trong thi
hn TN ca MTO
-Chm giao hng (delay in delivery) khi hng ho
khng c giao trong thi hn tho thun. Nu
khng tho thun trong 1 t/gian hp l m 1 MTO
cn mn (a diligent MTO) c th giao, c tnh n
hon cnh ca s vic. 90 ngy hng ho mt.
24

c. TN ca MTO
C s TN:
- QT UNCTAD/ICC: MTO c min trch

Nu hnh trnh c ng bin/ng thy
ni a, li hng vn (do s sut, hnh vi, li
lm ca thuyn trng, thu th, hoa tiu...
trong vic iu khin v qun tr tu).
Do chy v nguyn nhn khch quan
25

c. TN ca MTO
C s TN:
- N125-CP VN
TN: ging ngun lut QT
MT:
+ bt kh khng
+ do li ca ch hng
+ do li ng gi, bao b, k m hiu
+ vic GN xp d do ch hng lm
+ n t, ni t hoc bn cht ca hng ha
+ nh cng, b xng, nh ch hoc hn ch lao ng
+ nu hnh trnh bao gm ng bin, ng ni thy,
MTO c MT /vi li hng vn, chy m nguyn nhn
26
khch quan

c. TN ca MTO
Gii hn TN
- C 1980
Nu hng ha c k khai gi tr trn chng
t
Nu hng ha khng c k khai gi tr
trn chng t : 920 SDR/v hng ha hay 1
kin hoc 2,75 SDR/kg hng ho c b
Chm giao hng: 1 khon tin 2,5 ln
tin cc s hng giao chm.
27

c. TN ca MTO
Gii hn TN
- C 1980
Nu hng ho chuyn ch = container
+ c k khai trn chng t
+ khng k khai
+ v container, khay hng khng do MTO cung
cp/khng thuc SH ca MTO
Nu hnh trnh VTPT khng bao gm ng
bin hay ng ni thy, GHTN 8,33 SDR/kg
hng c b.
28

c. TN ca MTO
Gii hn TN
- QT UNCTAD/ICC
Hng ha: 666,67 SDR/v hng hay 1 kin hng
hoc 2 SDR/kg hng c b
Container: ging C
Hnh trnh khng bao gm ng bin, ng
ni thy: ging C
Chm giao hng: ging cng c
29

c.
TN ca MTO
Gii hn TN
- N125 CP
Hng ha:
- Nu k khai
- Nu khng k khai: 666,67 SDR/v hng ha hay
1 kin hng hoc 2 SDR/kg c b
container: ging ngun lut QT
hnh trnh bao gm ng bin, ng ni
thy: ging ngun lut QT
+ Chm giao: ging ngun lut QT
30

a. Thng bo tn tht
- Tn tht r rt: khng mun hn 1 ngy
lm vic sau ngy giao hng.
- Tn tht khng r rt: trong vng 6 ngy
lin tc k t ngy giao hng.
- Chm giao: trong vng 60 ngy lin tc
31

b. Khiu ni MTO
- C, 6 thng k t ngy giao hng hoc
ngy ng l hng phi c giao .
- Quy tc UNCTAD/ICC, 9 thng k t ngy
giao hng hoc ngy ng l hng phi c
giao.
- N125, 90 ngy k t ngy giao hng hoc
ngy hng ng l phi giao
32

4. Chng t VTPT
a. Khi nim
Chng t VTPT CM cho 1 H VTPT, cho
vic nhn hng ch ca MTO v cho vic
cam kt ca MTO giao hng ph hp vi cc
k, iu khon ca H.
V VTPT l bng chng CM MTO nhn
hng ch v cam kt s giao hng theo
ng cc iu khon quy nh ca H.
33

4. Chng t VTPT
b. Cc loi chng t:
Chng t VTPT lu thng: PH theo lnh
(to order of) hoc v danh (to bearer)
Chng t theo lnh k hu
Chng t v danh trao tay
Cc bn sao/copy: Non-negotiable copy
Chng t VTPT khng lu thng: PH
ch danh
34

4. Chng t VTPT
c. Ni dung
Mt 1
1. Tn, a ch MTO
2. S chng t
3. Tn a ch ngi gi hng
4. Cc ph
5. Tn a ch ngi nhn hng
6. S bn gc ca chng t PH
7. Thng tin v hng ho
8. Cc PTVT tham gia
9. Thng tin v hnh trnh VTPT
10. Ngy, ni PH chng t VTPT
11. MTO k tn ng du
35

4. Chng t VTPT
c. Ni dung
Mt 2
k chuyn ch/iu khon H chuyn
ch c s g/quyt tranh chp gia ng
cm chng t v ng PH chng t.
36

4. Chng t VTPT
d. Mt s chng t VTPT thng gp
- V FIATA (F. B/L) FIATA Negotiable Multimodal
Transport Bill of Lading
V c UN thng qua, p dng rng ri nht
trong VTPT QT B/L ca ng chuyn ch.
F.B/L lu thng c, cc NH chp nhn thanh
ton theo PT L/C. Dng trong vn ti ng
bin.
- Chng t VT lin hp (COMBI.DOC/Combined
B/L- Combined Transport document) BIMCO-The
Baltic and International Maritime Council) PH
c ICC thng qua.
37

4. Chng t VTPT
d. Mt s chng t VTPT thng gp

- Chng t VTPT (MULTI.DOCMultimodal Transport document) UNCTAD
PH theo C1980 v chuyn ch hng ho
bng VTPT.
- Chng t lng dng (Bill of Lading for
Combined transport shipment/port to port
shipment): VT lin hp (combined
transport shipment), VT ng bin (port
to port shipment).
38

5. VTPT /v Incoterms v UCP
a. i vi Incoterms
FOB, CIF, CFR... thi im di chuyn ri
ro, CP/im giao hng (critical point): lan
can tu (Ship's Rail).
Hng ng trong container, im giao
hng CY (Container Yard)/CFS
(Container Freight Station)
EXW, CIP, CPT, FCA, DDU, DDP, DAF ph
hp vi VTPT, VT container; FOB
FCA, CIF CIP, CFR CPT.
39

5. VTPT /v Incoterms v UCP
b. i vi UCP
25 UCP500
ghi tn ng chuyn ch, ng chuyn ch k
hoc xc nhn bng cch khc
ghi hng ho gi i/ nhn ch /
xp ln tu.
ghi r ni nhn hng ch
c 1 chng t VT gc duy nht hoc PH 1
b nhiu bn gc
c ghi khon hay k chuyn ch ca H
p ng c cc y/cu ca L/C
40

6. VTPT i vi hi quan
C LHQ v VTPT, ph lc 6 iu v
th tc hi quan: hng ho trong VTPT

QT khng phi kim tra hi quan
N125, hng ho i bng VTPT min
kim tra
41

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CHNG IV.

I. Khi qut v vn ti a phng thc

Hong Th oan Trang-VT & BH

CHNG IV. CHUYN CH HNG HO

Hong Th oan Trang-VT & BH

I. KHI QUT V VTPT

1. Khi nim vn ti a phng thc

I. KHI QUT V VTPT

1. Khi nim vn ti a phng thc

Hong Th oan Trang-VT & BH

I. KHI QUT V VTPT

1. Khi nim vn ti a phng thc

Hong Th oan Trang-VT & BH

I. KHI QUT V VTPT

1. Khi nim vn ti a phng thc

1980 (United Nations Convention on

Hong Th oan Trang-VT & BH

I. KHI QUT V VTPT

I. KHI QUT V VTPT

I. KHI QUT V VTPT

I. KHI QUT V VTPT

I. KHI QUT V VTPT

Hong Th oan Trang-VT & BH

I. KHI QUT V VTPT

4. Cc hnh thc ca VTPT

I. KHI QUT V VTPT

4. Cc hnh thc ca VTPT

II. Hiu qu ca VTPT

CHNG IV. CHUYN CH HNG HO

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

Hong Th oan Trang-VT & BH

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

- QT UNCTAD/ICC: MTO c min trch

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

Hong Th oan Trang-VT & BH

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

Hong Th oan Trang-VT & BH

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

d. Mt s chng t VTPT thng gp

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

III.T chc chuyn ch hng ho bng VTPT

th tc hi quan: hng ho trong VTPT

Hong Th oan Trang-VT & BH

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