PHN 2: BO HIM HNG HA XNK CHUYN CH

BNG NG BIN

Ging vin:
ThS. L Minh Trm
B mn Vn ti v Bo him
Khoa Kinh t v Kinh doanh quc
t
Email:

tramftu@yahoo.com

Phn 2: Bo him hng ho xut nhp khu chuyn

ch bng ng bin
I. Khi qut chung v bo him
II. Ri ro v tn tht trong bo BH hng ho XNK chuyn
ch bng ng bin
III. Cc iu kin BH hng ho XNK chuyn ch bng
ng bin
IV. Hp ng BH hng ho XNK chuyn ch bng ng
bin
2

I. Khi qut chung v bo him

1.
2.
3.
4.

Cc khi nim c bn
Cc nguyn tc bo him
Phn loi bo him (c GT)
Tc dng ca bo him (c GT)

1. Cc khi nim c bn
1.1. Khi nim v bn cht ca bo him
1.2. i tng bo him
1.3. Cc bn ca HBH
1.4. Tr gi bo him
1.5. S tin bo him
1.6. Ph bo him

1.1. Khi nim v bn cht ca bo him

a.

Khi nim bo him (insurance)

Insurer
(Ngi BH)

I
Insured
(Nghbh
i c BH)
tBH

KBH

bi thng khi RRBH xy ra

Quy trnh nghip v bo him
5

Bo him l mt ch bi thung v
mt kinh t, trong ngui bo him cam
kt s bi thung cho ngui uc bo him
nhng tn tht ca i tung bo him do
cc ri ro tho thun gy ra, vi iu
kin ngui uc bo him ng mt
khon tin, gi l ph bo him cho i tu
ng bo him v theo iu kin bo him
quy nh.

 Bo him l mt ngnh kinh doanh mc ch

tm kim li nhun
i tng kinh doanh ca bo him l ri ro
Bo him l s di chuyn ri ro t ngi tham gia
bo him sang cho ngi bo him
Bo him l s phn tn ri ro, chia
nh tn tht, tun theo quy lut s ln
Bo him l mt bin php kinh t
nhm gii quyt hu qu ca ri ro v
mt ti chnh
7

1.2. i tng bo him (Subject-matter

insured)
L i tng nm trong tnh trng chu
s e do ca ri ro m v n, mt ngi
(ngi c li ch bo him) phi tham gia vo
mt loi bo him no .

3 loi TBH:
+ Ti sn
+ Con ngi
+ Trch nhim dn s

1.3. Cc bn ca hp ng bo him

a. Bn bo him Doanh nghip bo him (Insurer)

DNBH l php nhn c thnh l p , t chc v hot
n g theo quy nh ca php lu t kinh doanh bo
him (.3 Lu t KDBH 2000)
b. Bn c bo him (Insured)
- Ngi tham gia BH (ngi mua): k HBH v ng I
- Ngi c BH: c ti sn, TNDS, tnh mng c
BH theo mt HBH
- Ngi th hng BH: ngi nhn tin tr bo him/
tin bi thng t cng ty BH
9

1.4. Tr gi bo him (Insurance Value - V)

Ti sn
L tr gi bng tin ca ti sn, thung
uc xc nh bng gi tr thc t ca
ti sn ti thi im k kt HBH, c
th bao gm c ph BH.
Ti sn mi V = gi mua + CP lin quan (nu
c)
Ti sn qua s dng V = gi tr cn li =
nguyn gi khu hao hoc V = gi tr nh gi
li
10

1.5. S tin bo him (Insurance

Amount - A)
L mt khon tin do ngui uc BH yu
cu v uc ngui BH chp nhn, uc ghi
trong HBH, nhm xc nh gii hn trch
nhim ca ngui BH trong bi thung
hoc tr tin BH

S tin bi thung A
p dng cho BH TNDS v BH con ngui
Trong BH ti sn:
Nguyn tc:
AV
A = V (BH ngang gi tr): STBT = GTTT
A < V (BH di gi tr): STBT = A/V*GTTT
A > V (BH trn gi tr): cm v trc li bo him
11

1.6. Ph bo him (Insurance Premium

- I)
L khon tin m ngui tham gia BH phi tr
nhn uc s bo m truc cc ri ro
uc ngui BH chp nhn.
gi c ca SPBH
I = A(V) * R
R: t l ph bo him: 1 t l % nht nh ca STBH do
cng ty BH tnh ton v a ra

12

2. Cc nguyn tc bo him
- Bo him ch bo him s ri ro ch
khng bo him s chc chn
- Trung thc tuyt i
- Quyn li c th c bo him li
ch bo him
- Nguyn tc bi thng
- Nguyn tc th quyn
13

II. Ri ro v tn tht trong bo him hng ho

XNK chuyn ch bng ng bin
1. Khi nim ri ro v tn tht
2. Cc loi ri ro trong bo him hng
hi
2.1. Cn c vo nguyn nhn sinh ra ri
ro
2.2. Cn c vo nghip v bo him
3. Cc loi tn tht trong bo him hng
hi
3.1. Cn c vo mc quy m ca tn tht
14
3.2. Cn c vo tnh cht ca tn tht

1.

Khi nim ri ro v tn tht

Ri ro l nhng s c, tai nn, tai ha nguy

him bt ng m con ngi khng lng trc
c v l nguyn nhn dn n tn tht
Tn tht l mt thut ng dng
ch tnh trng mt mt, h hi, gim
gi tr hay gi tr s dng ca TBH
theo mt HBH do tc ng ca ri
ro.
TT l hu qu ca ri ro
l i lng o lng v phn nh
mc nghim trng ca ri ro 15

2. Cc loi ri ro trong BH hng ha XNK

chuyn ch bng ng bin
2.1. Cn c vo ngun gc ca ri ro
-Thin tai (acts of God)
-Tai nn ca bin (perils/accident of the sea)
-Ri ro do cc hin tng chnh tr-x hi
-Ri ro do cc hot ng ring l ca con ngi
-Cc nguyn nhn khc

16

2. Cc loi ri ro trong BH hng ha XNK

chuyn ch bng ng bin
2.2. Cn c vo nghip v bo him
a.Ri ro thng thng c bo him
b.Ri ro phi bo him ring
c.Ri ro loi tr

17

a. Ri ro thng thng c bo him

- L cc ri ro c bo him trong cc iu
kin bo him gc
- Gm 2 loi: ri ro chnh v ri ro ph
- Ri ro chnh: l cc him ha ch yu ca
bin, thng xuyn xy ra v gy tn tht ln,
gm: mc cn, chm m, chy n, m va,
mt tch, vt khi tu.

18

a. Ri ro thng thng c bo him

- Ri ro ph: t xy ra, thng pht sinh i vi
hng ha trong qu trnh giao nhn, bc d
ch c bo him trong KBH rng nht
hoc c mua km vi mt KBH gc
Gm cc ri ro: hp hi, nng, ly hi, ly bn,
han g, mc cu, rch, v, bp, cong vnh,
va p, nc ma, mt trm, cp bin, hnh
vi c , khng giao hoc giao thiu hng
19

b. Nhm ri ro phi bo him

ring
- l cc ri ro b loi tr trong cc
KBH gc, nhng c th c BH nu
mua thm cc KBH c bit
Cc ri ro loi tr tng i
1/
Ri ro chin tranh (War Risk
WR)
2/ Ri ro nh cng (Strikes, Riots,
Civil Commotion SRCC)

20

c. Nhm ri ro loi tr
- L nhng ri ro khng c ngi BH
chp nhn bo m trong mi trng
hp loi tr tuyt i.
1/ Li c ca ngi c BH
2/ Bun lu
3/ Ni t
4/ n t
5/ Tu khng kh nng i bin
6/ Tu i chch hng
21

c. Nhm ri ro loi tr
7/ Mt kh nng t ch v ti chnh
ca ch tu
8/ Cc thit hi tai chnh do chm tr
(ngay c khi chm tr l do RRBH
gy ra)
9/ Bao b khng y hoc
ng gi khng thch hp
10/ Xp hng qu ti hoc sai quy
cch
11/ Phng x, nhim phng x, phn
ng ht nhn, nng lng nguyn t
22

3. Cc loi tn tht trong bo him

hng ha XNK chuyn ch bng ng bin
3.1. Cn c vo mc (quy m) ca
TT
a.Tn tht b phn (Partial Loss)
b.Tn tht ton b (Total Loss)

23

a.

Tn tht b phn (Partial Loss)

Tnh trng mt mt, h hi hay gim gi tr

mt phn ca mt TBH theo mt HBH
* Cc trng hp xy ra TTBP:
- suy gim phm cht
- suy gim s trng lng
- suy gim th tch

24

b.

Tn tht TON b phn (TOTAL Loss)

Tnh trng mt mt, h hi hay gim gi tr

hon ton mt TBH theo mt HBH
2 loi:
- Tn tht ton b thc t (actual total loss)
- Tn tht ton b c tnh (constructive total
loss)

25

1/

tn tht ton b thc t

L tn tht ton b va thc t

xy ra, mt trong cc trng hp sau:
- b ph hu hon ton
- b h hng nghim trng ti mc
khng cn l vt phm vi tnh cht
ban u ca n
- ngi c BH b mt hn quyn SH
vi TBH
TN ca ngi BH: 100% A (V)
(22 QTC 1990)
26

2/ TN tht ton b c tnh

N: l tn tht ca TBH cha mc
hon ton nhng xt thy TTTBTT l
khng th trnh khi hoc c th
trnh c nhng chi ph b ra cu
cha, khi phc v a TBH v
ch li bng hoc vt qu tr gi
ca n
Cc trng hp:
+ TTTBTT chc chn s xy ra
+ TTTB xy ra v mt ti chnh
X l: T b i tng bo him
100%A(V)
27

T b i tng bo him
Nguyn tc:
- thng bo TBTBH phi c l p thnh VB
+ NOA (Notice of Abandonment)
(31.2 QTC 1990+ 251 BLHHVN
2005)
+ Vn bn tr li chp nhn hay t
chi
(253 BLHHVN 2005)
- Khi t b c chp nhn th
khng thay i c na
- TB phi v iu kin v hp l
+ ch t b khi cn trong hnh
trnh
+ ch t b khi cha xy ra TTTBTT
28

3. Cc loi tn tht trong bo him

hng ha XNK chuyn ch bng ng bin
3.1. Cn c vo tnh cht ca TT (cn c
vo cc quyn li c mt trn tu i vi tn
tht pht sinh)
a. Tn tht ring (particular average)
b. Tn tht chung (general average)

29

a.

Tn tht RING (PARTICULAR AVERAGE)

L tn tht thit hi ch xy ra cho ring quyn li ca

mt ch s hu c ti sn b tn tht ch khng lin
quan n cc quyn li khc c mt trong hnh trnh
tn tht ca quyn li no, quyn li t gnh chu

30

b.

Tn tht CHUNG (GENERAL AVERAGE)

nh ngha: TTC l nhng hi sinh ho c chi

ph c bit c tin hnh mt cch hu
v hp l nhm mc ch cu tu, hng v
cc ph thot khi mt s nguy him chung,
thc s i vi chng trong mt hnh trnh
chung trn bin.
Cc quyn li c cu thot c TN ng gp, chia s
vo TTC

31

c trng ca tn tht chung

1/ Phi c nguy c thc s, e do
nghim trng ti ton b hnh trnh
2/ Phi c hnh ng TTC (l hnh ng
hon ton t nguyn v c dng ca ngi
trn tu nhm mc ch cu ton b hnh
trnh thot khi him ho)
3/ Hi sinh v chi ph b ra phi bt thng
v v an ton chung
4/ Hi sinh v chi ph b ra phi hp l
5/ Tn tht l hu qu trc tip ca hnh
ng TTC
6/ TTC ch xy ra trn bin
32

Ni dung ca tn tht chung

1/
Hi sinh tn tht chung (HSTTC)
L s hi sinh mt phn ti sn cu
nhng ti sn cn li trong hnh ng TTC
2/
Chi ph tn tht chung (CPTTC)
L nhng chi ph phi tr cho ngi th ba
trong vic cu tu, hng v cc ph thot
nn hoc nhng chi ph lm cho tu tip
tc hnh trnh
33

Chi ph tn tht chung bao gm:

+ chi ph lm ni tu khi mc cn
+ chi ph thu lai dt ko tu
+ chi ph ti cng lnh nn:
* chi ph ra vo cng lnh nn
* chi ph dch chuyn, xp d hng
ho,
nhin liu, d tr
* chi ph lu kho, lu bi hng ho
* chi ph tng thm ca nhin liu
* chi ph sa cha tm thi
34

Trch nhim ca cc bn khi xy ra TTC (c SGK)

Cam oan ng gp tn tht chung
Bn CGTTC (Average Bond):
+ cam oan ca ch hng s ng gp vo
TTC sau khi phn b
+ do ch hng k
Giy bao lnh GTTC (Average Guarantee):
+ bo lnh ca ngi th ba cho s cam oan
ca ch hng
+ do ngi th ba k
ngi bo him, ngn hng
Khng c bo lnh: k qu (249 BLHH
35

Trch nhim ca cc bn khi xy ra TTC (c SGK)

Cam oan ng gp tn tht chung
Bn CGTTC (Average Bond):
+ cam oan ca ch hng s ng gp vo
TTC sau khi phn b
+ do ch hng k
Giy bao lnh GTTC (Average Guarantee):
+ bo lnh ca ngi th ba cho s cam oan
ca ch hng
+ do ngi th ba k
ngi bo him, ngn hng
Khng c bo lnh: k qu (249 BLHH
36

Phn b tn tht chung

l s tnh ton phn chia s tin m cc quyn li c cu
thot c ngha v phi ng gp vo TTC
Bc 1: xc nh ch s chu phn b (t l ng gp)
L/CV
Trong : L = Tng hi sinh TTC + Tng chi ph TTC
CV: Tng gi tr chu phn b

37

Phn b tn tht chung

Bc 2: xc nh gi tr chu phn b
(1) CV tu, hng = Gi tr tu, hng (ti cng i) Tn tht ring
(2) CV = CV tu + CV hng + CV cc tr sau
(3) CV tu, hng = Gi tr tu, hng (ti cng ch) + hi sinh TTC
+ tn tht ring (xy ra sau TTC)
Xc nh mc ng gp vo TTC ca tng quyn li
C = L/CV x cv
(C tu = L/CV x cv tu
C hng = L/CV x cv hng
C cc tr sau = L/CV x cv cc tr sau)
Bc 3: xc nh kt qu ti chnh cui cng ca cc bn
Hi sinh TTC + Chi ph TTC C > 0: nhn v
Hi sinh TTC + Chi ph TTC C < 0: ng thm
38

III. Cc iu kin BH hng ho XNK

chuyn ch bng ng bin
1. Gii thiu chung v KBH
2. Phm vi bo him theo cc KBH gc
3. Phm vi bo him theo cc KBH c
bit (c SGK)

39

1.1. Khi nim iu kin bo him

KBH l s quy nh phm vi trch nhim

ca ngui
bo him i vi i tung bo him v
cc mt:
+ Ri ro, tn tht
+ Khng gian v thi gian

40

1.2. B cc KBH ca Anh Institute Cargo Clause (ICC)

Do ILU (Institute of London Underwriters) ban

hnh
ICC 1963: 3 KBH:
1/
FPA Free of Particular Average
2/ WA With Particular Average
3/ AR All Risks
ICC 1982: Gm 5 KBH:
1/ C (FPA)
2/ B (WA)
3/ A (AR)
4/ WR
5/ SRCC
41

1.3. Cc iu kin bo him ca Vit

Nam
QTC 1965: ~
ICC 1963
- Bo Vit
- Gm 3 KBH gc (FPA, WA, AR)
QTC 1990: ~
ICC 1982
- Gm 3 KBH gc (A, B, C)
QTCB 1995, QTCB 1998, QTCB 2004

42

2. Phm vi bo him theo cc KBH gc

2.1. Trch nhim i vi ri ro, tn tht
Ri ro, tn tht c bo him
Ri ro loi tr:
- Ri ro loi tr tng i
- Ri ro loi tr tuyt i
a. Theo QTCB 2004
b. Theo ICC 1982/2009
2.2. Khng gian v thi gian trch
nhim
43

Ri ro, tn tht c bo him

(KBH C QTCB2004)
1/ Mc cn, chm m, chy n,
m va, lt p
2/ D hng ti cng lnh nn
3/ Phng tin vn chuyn ng b
b lt hoc trt bnh
4/ Tu v hng mt tch
5/ Vt hng khoi tau
6/ Hi sinh tn tht chung
44

Ri ro, tn tht c bo him

(KBH C QTCB2004)
7/ Cc chi ph hp l:
- Mc ng gp vo TTC c phn b
cho CH
- Chi ph cu nn
- Chi ph phng, hn ch tn tht
- Chi ph t tng khiu ni ngi th ba
- Chi ph GX tn tht thuc TN ca
ngi BH
- Chi ph d hng, lu kho v tip gi
hng ho ti cng lnh nn
- Phn TN m ch hng phi chu theo
45
iu khon hai tu m va nhau

Ri ro, tn tht c bo him

(KBH B QTCB2004)
iu kin B = K C + cc ri ro, tn
tht sau:
8/
ng t, ni la phun, st
nh
9/
Nc cun khi tu
10/ Nc bin, sng, h trn vo hm
tu, khoang cha hng, x lan hay
container.
11/ TTTB ca bt k kin hng no
do ri khi tu hoc b ri trong qu
46
trnh xp d

Ri ro, tn tht c bo him

(KBH A QTCB2004)
Bi thng mi mt mt, h hng ca
TBH tr cc ri ro loi tr

47

48

Phm vi TN ca ngi BH theo

A, B, C ICC 1982/2009

49

50

51

Khng gian v thi gian trch

nhim
QTCB 2004/ ICC 1982/ ICC 2009
- Khng gian: kho i kho n
+ Kho i: kho ti hng ho c ng
gi hon chnh, sn sng cho vic vn
chuyn
+ Kho n:
* kho ca ngi nhn hng quy nh
trong HBH
* kho hoc ni cha hng trc khi ti
ni n hoc ni n m ngi c BH
la chn :
lu kho ngoi HTVC bnh thng 52
phn phi hng ho

Khng gian v thi gian trch

nhim
- Thi gian:
+ Bt u:
- QTC 1990/QTCB2004/ ICC 1982:
- ICC 2009:
+ Kt thc:
- QTC 1990/QTCB2004/ ICC 1982:
- ICC 2009:

53

IV. Hp ng bo him
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Khi nim
Tnh cht
Cc loi HBH (c gio trnh
Mt s ni dung ch yu ca HBH
Gim nh, khiu ni v bi thng

54

1.

Khi nim

HBH l vn bn tho thun

gia hai bn, trong bn bo
him cam kt s bi thng cho
bn c bo him nhng tn
tht ca i tng bo him do
cc ri ro c bo him gy ra
vi iu kin bn c bo him
np ph bo him.
55

2. Tnh cht
- L mt H bi thng
- L mt H tn nhim
- L mt chng t c th chuyn nhng
c bng cch k hu n bo him

56

3.

Cc loi hp ng bo him

a. HBH chuyn (Voyage Policy)

c gio trnh
b. HBH bao/m (Open/ Cover Policy)
c gio trnh

57

4. Mt s ni dung ch yu ca
HBH
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Ngi c bo him
i tng bo him
Tr gi bo him V
S tin bo him A
Ph bo him - I

58

a.

Ngi c bo him

Ch hng

Ngi XK
Ngi NK

- Ngi xut khu:

- Ngi nhp khu:

59

b.

i tng bo him

Hng ho XNK chuyn ch bng

ng bin
Li d tnh (nu c yu cu): l
mt t l phn trm nht nh
ca gi CIF.

60

c.

Tr gi bo him - V

232 BLHH 2005:

Gi tr BH ca hng ho l gi tr
hng ho ghi trn ho n ni
bc hng hoc gi th trng ni
v thi im hng cng vi ph
BH, tin cc vn chuyn v c th
c tin li c tnh

61

d.

S tin bo him - A

Nguyn tc: A <= V

- A < V BH di gi tr
- A = V BH ngang gi tr
- A > V phn vt qu V khng c
tha nhn (233)

62

e.

Ph bo him - I

R: t l ph bo him (%): do cty BH

a ra
R ph thuc vo cc yu t sau:
- c im, tnh cht ca hng
ho
- cch ng gi, bao b
- phng tin vn chuyn (tu gi
ng thm ph ph tu gi)
- hnh trnh vn chuyn
- iu kin bo him
I=AxR

63

5.

Gim nh, khiu ni v

bi thng tn tht
a.
Gim nh tn tht (c
GT)
b. Khiu ni (c GT)
c. Bi thng tn tht

64

c.

Bi thng tn tht

Tn tht ring:
- Tn tht ton b:
+ TTTB thuc te: 100% A (V)
+ TTTB uoc tinh:
* C TBH v c chp nhn:
100% A (V)
* Khng TBH hoc TBH khng c
chp nhn: boi thuong theo gia tri ton
that thuc te o cang den
65

c.

Bi thng tn tht

Tn tht ring:
- Tn tht b phn:
+ A = V: P = Gia tri ton that phat sinh =
V V1
+ A < V: P = A/ V x Gia tri ton that = A/V x
(V-V1)

Trong do:
V1 : gia tri hang hoa sau ton that
* Nu bit t l tn tht v gi tr:
m = (V V1)/ V (%)
P = m x V(A)
66

c.

Bi thng tn tht

* Nu bit lng hng b thiu ht: T2

P = T2/T1 x V (A)
* Nu bit lng hng T2 b gim m%
v gi tr
P = T2/T1 x m x V(A)

67

c.

Bi thng tn tht

Tn tht chung:
- Hi sinh ton that chung
- Mc ng gp vo TTC sau khi
phn b cho ch hng
Thi hn bi thng: . Ngy k t khi nhn
c b h s khiu ni y v hp l

68