CNG NGH XI MNG

CNG NGH XI MNG

TS. T Ngc Dng

Bch khoa 09.2003

CNG NGH XI MNG

Bch khoa 09.2003

S cng ngh

Bch khoa 09.2003

Cng ngh truyn thng. Nguyn l c bn hu

nh khng thay i trong thi gian di.
C nhng tin b ng k v
+ Gim nng lng tiu tn.
+ Gim v c bn s nhim mi trng.

CNG NGH XI MNG

Gii thiu

Bch khoa 09.2003

Trong khong 30 nm tr li, c s tin b c bit

nhanh v:
+ K thut t.
+ K thut nghin

CNG NGH XI MNG

Gii thiu

Bch khoa 09.2003

Trc ht l s pht minh ra canxin, lm tng

ng k nng sut l.
Th hai l vic pht trin my p trc v my
nghin ng. ng thi l vic s dng cc thit
b phn ly ng i mi.
Tip l vic ng dng iu khin t ng mi
qu trnh sn xut, bao gm c l, lm gim nhn
cng v tng tnh n nh ca h thng, ng thi
cng em li nhng s tit kim nht nh v nng
lng..

CNG NGH XI MNG

Gii thiu

Bch khoa 09.2003

V nhim mi trng, khng ch c:

+ Lng bi gim cn 0,20,3 g/kg xi mng.
+ NOx cn 1200ppm /m3 kh l.
+ SO2 cn 400ppm /m3 kh l.
+ CO cn 500ppm /m3 kh l.
Trong cc canxin c bit, NOx < 400ppm.
Vn cn tn ti ch l lng CO2 trong kh thi.
Hng pht trin: s dng nhin liu thay th, t
rc thi.

CNG NGH XI MNG

Gii thiu

CNG NGH XI MNG

Bch khoa 09.2003

Phi liu


H
T
H
N
CNG NGH XI MNG

PH
Bch khoa 09.2003

O
H
N

Thnh phn ho ca clinke xi mng Pooclng

Bch khoa 09.2003

CNG NGH XI MNG

CaO

Hm lng 6269%
Tham gia to tt c cc khong
chnh ca clinke XMP
CaOtd nh hng xu ti cht
lng CL v XMP
Nhiu CaO, ng rn nhanh,
mc cao, km bn trong mi
trng xm thc

Thnh phn ho ca clinke xi mng Pooclng

Bch khoa 09.2003

CNG NGH XI MNG

SiO2

Hm lng 1726%
Tham gia to cc nhm khong
silict (khong kh nng chy)
ca clinke XMP
Nhiu SiO2, ng rn chm,
mc cao, bn trong mi trng
xm thc

Thnh phn ho ca clinke xi mng Pooclng

Bch khoa 09.2003

CNG NGH XI MNG

Al2O3

Hm lng 410%
Tham gia to cc khong nng
chy (alumint canxi v
alumoferit canxi)
Nhiu Al2O3, ng rn nhanh,
to nhiu nhit, km bn trong
mi trng xm thc, tng
nht pha lng clinke

Thnh phn ho ca clinke xi mng Pooclng

Bch khoa 09.2003

CNG NGH XI MNG

Fe2O3

Hm lng 0.15%
Ch yu tham gia to khong
nng chy alumoferit canxi
Nhiu Fe2O3, gim mc xi
mng, tng bn trong mi
trng xm thc, gim nht
pha lng clinke, gim nhit
nung clinke

Thnh phn ho ca clinke xi mng Pooclng

Bch khoa 09.2003

CNG NGH XI MNG

R2O

Gm Na2O v K2O. Tng hm

lng 0.15%
nhit cao bay hi mt
phn, mt phn tham gia phn
ng to cc khong cha kim
Nhiu R2O, gim mc xi mng,
khng n nh th tch, gy
loang mu (nu dng lm va
trt), n mn ct thp

Thnh phn ho ca clinke xi mng Pooclng

Bch khoa 09.2003

CNG NGH XI MNG

SO3

Hm lng 01%
nhit cao sinh kh SO2 bay ra
mt phn, mt phn tham gia phn
ng to cc khong cha SO3, lm
gim hm lng mt s khong
chnh
Nhiu SO3, gim mc xi mng, to
cc hp cht c nhit nng chy
thp gy hi cho h thng l (ch
yu l c h cyclon trao i nhit)
Cng vi R2O gy nh hng xu ti
qu trnh nung luyn cng nh tnh
cht khong ho v xy dng sau ny
ca xi mng


H
T
H
N
N

H
P
K
CNG NGH XI MNG

O
H
Bch khoa 09.2003

G
N

Thnh phn khong ca clinke xi mng Pooclng

Bch khoa 09.2003

Cng thc ho 3CaO.SiO2

Khi lng ring 3.28g/cm3
Hm lng 4060%
C3S tinh khit ch tn ti trong phng th nghim. Trong
clinke cng nghip C3S tn ti di dng dung dch rn
bn vi tn gi l Alt
54CaO.16SiO2.MgO.Al2O3
Ca106Mg2Al(Na0.25K0.25Fe0.5)O36(Al2Si34O104)
C3S tinh khit bn trong vng nhit 125019000C,
di 12500C b phn hu
C3S C2S + Ctd
C3S tinh khit c tinh th hnh lc gic u
Khong alt ng rn nhanh, to nhiu nhit, khng bn
trong mi trng xm thc (c bit l mi trng
sunpht)

CNG NGH XI MNG

C3S

 C 4 dng th hnh , , ,
Khi lng ring ca cc dng
ln lt l 3.04; 3.40; 3.28;
2.97g/cm3
Hm lng 1535%
C2S tinh khit ch tn ti trong
phng th nghim. Trong clinke
cng nghip C2S tn ti di
dng dung dch rn bn vi tn
gi l Blt
Ca87MgAlFe(Na0.5K0.5)(Al2Si42O180)

Thnh phn khong ca clinke xi mng Pooclng

Bch khoa 09.2003

C2S

Cng thc ho 2CaO.SiO2

CNG NGH XI MNG

Thnh phn khong ca clinke xi mng Pooclng

Bch khoa 09.2003

CNG NGH XI MNG

C2S

Dng C2S tn ti trong vng nhit

142521300C.
Dng C2S tn ti trong vng nhit
83014250C. Di 8300C, chuyn
v dng C2S nu lm lnh nhanh,
v dng C2S nu lm lnh chm
(km theo tng 10% th tch)
Dng C2S km bn, tn ti trong
vng nhit 6758300C Lu lu
6750C hoc h nhit xung di
6750C, chuyn v dng C2S (v tng
th tch)
Dng C2S tn ti trong vng nhit
di 6750C

Thnh phn khong ca clinke xi mng Pooclng

Bch khoa 09.2003

CNG NGH XI MNG

C2S

Kh nng kt dnh (theo quan

im ho hc tinh th) gim
dn t dng ti
Ch c dng v c th tn
ti trong iu kin thng. Ch
dng l cn.
Cc bin php n nh dng :
+ Lm lnh nhanh
+ To dung dch rn bn, nn l
C2S. l Blt
Blt t to nhit, mc cao, bn
trong mi trng xm thc

Thnh phn khong ca clinke xi mng Pooclng

Bch khoa 09.2003

CNG NGH XI MNG

CxAy

Gm mt dy dung dch rn (C3A,

C5A3, C12A7, CA, CA2, CA6), trong
ch yu l C3A
Cng thc ho 3CaO.Al2O3
Khi lng ring 3.04g/cm3
Hm lng 515%
C3A tinh khit ch tn ti trong
phng th nghim. Trong clinke cng
nghip trong mng li C3A cn ho
tan nhiu xt khc
Na6K2Ca78Mg4(Al44Fe8Si7O180)
C3A ng rn nhanh, to nhiu nhit,
khng bn trong mi trng xm
thc

Thnh phn khong ca clinke xi mng Pooclng

Bch khoa 09.2003

CNG NGH XI MNG

CxAyFz

Gm mt dy dung dch rn (t
C6A2F ti C6AF2), trong ch
yu l C4AF
Cng thc ho 4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3
Khi lng ring 3.77g/cm3
Hm lng 1018%
C4AF ng rn chm, cng
khng cao, bn trong mi
trng xm thc

12C3S + K KC23S12 + 13Ctd (1)

12C2S + K KC23S12 + Ctd
(2)
3C3A + N NC8A3 + Ctd
(3)
Thnh phn khong ca clinke xi mng Pooclng

Bch khoa 09.2003

CNG NGH XI MNG

Khong
cha
kim

Gm cc khong KC23S12 (gc

C2S) v NC8A3 (gc C3A)
Cng thc ho
K2O.23CaO.12SiO2 v
Na2O.8CaO.3Al2O3
S hnh thnh cc khong cha
kim lm gim hm lng cc
khong silict, tng vi t do

Thnh phn khong ca clinke xi mng Pooclng

Bch khoa 09.2003

CNG NGH XI MNG

Khong
cha
kim

C 1% K2O to ra khong 20%

KC23S12 v lm gim khong
20% (C3S + C2S)
C khong 1% Na2O to ra
khong 10% NC8A3 v lm
gim khong 10% C3A
Khi nung c mt CaSO4 cc
khong cha kim b phn hu
Khong cha kim lm xi mng
ng rn khng n nh

Thnh phn khong ca clinke xi mng Pooclng

Bch khoa 09.2003

C2S.CaSO4, 3CA.CaSO4
CS, C3S2
CAS2, C2AS...
MA, M2S, CMS, C3MS2...
C3T2, C3P...
Cc xt t do CaO, MgO,
Cr2O3...

CNG NGH XI MNG

Khong
khc

Thnh phn khong ca clinke xi mng Pooclng

Bch khoa 09.2003

CNG NGH XI MNG

Pha
thu
tinh

Hm lng 510%
Lng v thnh phn ph thuc
tc lm lnh, thnh phn ho
phi liu
Lng SiO2 ch chim khong
7%, cn li l cc xt khc:
CaO, Al2O3, MgO... vi cc
lin kt Al-O, Ca-O, Mg-O..

N
U
D
O

&

H
CNG NGH XI MNG

M
Bch khoa 09.2003

G
N

R
T
C

KH

Cng thc rt gn
C 1.65 A 0.35F
KH
2.8S

Khong gi tr thng thng

0.850.95
nh ngha:

Cc modun, h s c trng

Bch khoa 09.2003

bo ho vi

(C Ctd ) 1.65 A 0.35F 0.7 S

KH
2.8( S Std )

CNG NGH XI MNG

H s

Cng thc y

bo ho vi

LSF

Cng thc rt gn
100C
LSF
2.8S 1.18 A 0.65F

Khong gi tr thng thng

90100
nh ngha:

Cc modun, h s c trng

CNG NGH XI MNG

H s

100(C Ctd 0.7 S )

LSF
2.8S 1.18 A 0.65F

Bch khoa 09.2003

Cng thc y

Silicat

n (MS)

Khong gi tr cho php 13

Khong gi tr thng thng
22.6
ngha:

C3 S C2 S
MS ~
C3 A C4 AF

Cc modun, h s c trng

Bch khoa 09.2003

Modun

S
n MS
A F

CNG NGH XI MNG

Cng thc

Alumin

Khong gi tr cho php 13

Khong gi tr thng thng
1.41.7
ngha:

p (MA)

C3 A
MA ~
C4 AF

Cc modun, h s c trng

Bch khoa 09.2003

Modun

A
p MA
F

CNG NGH XI MNG

Cng thc

Bch khoa 09.2003

Trong nhng nm gn y khng c thay i ln.

Ch yu dng cc my p ba 1 hoc 2 rto hoc
my p xung.
Khi vt liu rt cng th kt hp p hm vi p
trc hoc p cn.
Nhng ci tin mi nht cho php kch thc v
m vt liu vo my p ba v p xung ln hn
( m tng t 10% ti 20%, khi lng cc vt liu
cp cho my c th ti 7 tn)
Ti cc m , gii php kinh t nht thng dng l
cc my p di ng.

CNG NGH XI MNG

p nguyn liu

Bch khoa 09.2003

C nghin chu trnh kn/chu trnh h.

C my nghin bi, nghin ng, nghin Horomill...
Gn y, h thng nghin thng km theo my
nghin s b, ph bin l my nghin con ln.
Khong 10 nm tr li y, vic dng nghin ng
nghin liu tr nn ph bin hn do tiu th nng
lng ring thp hn v sy c vt liu c m
cao hn so my nghin bi.

CNG NGH XI MNG

Nghin liu

Bch khoa 09.2003

Trong nhng nm gn y, c cc ci to v vt liu

ch to my nghin nn cc lp lt c tui th rt cao
(6000 n 16000h), v lm vic ti nhit 6000C
V mt cng ngh, phi liu sau nghin cn:
+ mn phi t <1% trn sng 200m v <12% trn
sng 90m. Trong lng ht quartz >45m, hay
lng ht canxit >150m phi <2%. Khng t
mn, vi t do s nhiu.
+ m phi <1%, thng 0,50,8%. m cao nh
hng xu ti tnh chy ca vt liu

CNG NGH XI MNG

Nghin liu

Bch khoa 09.2003

Dng phn ly nh hng n hiu sut v tiu tn

nng lng my nghin.
Hiu sut phn ly cng nh hng tng t.

CNG NGH XI MNG

Phn ly

Bch khoa 09.2003

Kh nng phn ly th
hin trn ng cong
Tromp.
Cc phn ly i mi
cho php tng nng sut
khong 3032% v
gim nng lng tiu
th khong 2030%.

CNG NGH XI MNG

Phn ly

Bch khoa 09.2003

ng nht rt quan trng v liu cp cho l phi rt

n nh v thnh phn ho.
vn hnh l n nh cn dao ng ca LSF<1.
ng nht s b rt hiu qu khi liu km n nh;
tuy nhin gi u t tng khong 10% tng gi.
C nhiu phng php ng nht s b. Nu ng
nht tt h s ng nht c th ln ti 10.
tng hiu qu ng nht s b hn, s dng thit
b phn tch lin tc PGNAA (Thit b phn tch
kch hot gamma bng phng x notron).

CNG NGH XI MNG

ng nht s b

CNG NGH XI MNG

Bch khoa 09.2003

Thit b PGNAA

Bch khoa 09.2003

C nhiu phng
php.
ng nht lin tc
bng kh nn, dng
iu khin c l
phng php thng
dng nht hin nay.
H s ng nht ca
cc sil ng nht
mi khong 7 n
10.

CNG NGH XI MNG

ng nht tinh

Bch khoa 09.2003

Phng php kh chim u th do tiu

tn nhit ring nh (khong 720
kCal/kgCL) so phng php t
(>1350 kCal/kgCL).
S tng trao i nhit ph thuc m
nguyn liu.
T l L/D gim. L mi ch cn 2 b
c ci tin v cu trc cc cyclon
trao i nhit, cho php gim st p.

CNG NGH XI MNG

Nung clinke

Bch khoa 09.2003

S ra i ca canxin gip nng sut l

tng khong 2,5 ln.
Cng ngh canxin c hai dng, mt
dng c dng gi 3 v mt dng ly gi
qua l.
Mc canxi ho trong canxin khng
ln hn 9095%, trnh qu nhit v
tn tht nhit ln ti canxin.

CNG NGH XI MNG

Nung clinke

 Cu trc canxin
c nhng ci
tin ng k, c
bit v mt gii
hn nhim mi
trng.

Bch khoa 09.2003

CNG NGH XI MNG

Nung clinke

CO+NOCO2+ N2
H2+NO N2+H2O
1 H2+NONH3+H2O
NH3 N2+1 H2

Cho php gim 70%NOx t l ra.

Gim CO sau canxin ch cn 100
200ppm khi CO ra khi kh l l 3%

Bch khoa 09.2003

CNG NGH XI MNG

Nung clinke

Bch khoa 09.2003

Lm lnh nh hng ln ti tiu tn nhit ca l v

cht lng xi mng.
Qu trnh lm lnh din ra trong my lm lnh.
C 3 dng my lm lnh
+ Kiu quay
+ Kiu hnh tinh
+ Kiu ghi
Kiu quay v hnh tinh, lng gi lm mt clinke ch
t 0,850,95 Nm3/kgCL nn nhit clinke ra cao
(>1500C).

CNG NGH XI MNG

Lm lnh

Bch khoa 09.2003

Kiu ghi t 2,5 Nm3/kgCL nn nhit clinke ra ch

cao hn mi trng khong 500C.
Ngy cng ph bin dng my p trc trong my
lm lnh kiu ghi.
My lm lnh mi nht cho nng sut 100T/m2.ngy
m. Loi tr c hin tng dng sng .
Kh tha t my lm lnh kiu ghi c dng sy
liu, than, x hoc pht in. gim lng kh ny,
to vng tun hon ca kh trong my lm lnh.

CNG NGH XI MNG

Lm lnh

Bch khoa 09.2003

Ph bin nht l nghin bi.

Cc my nghin bi hin i thng c hai khoang.
Khoang 1 p, c cc tm lt nng. Khoang 2
nghin, c lt cc tm lt phn loi. Vch ngn
gia cc khoang cng dc ci tin khng
ngng.
Chuyn sang nghin theo mch kn, cho php
gim nng lng, tng nng sut khong 20% so
mch h.

CNG NGH XI MNG

Nghin xi mng

Bch khoa 09.2003

Nghin bi hiu sut thp, phn ln nng lng

chuyn thnh nhit nng nn gn y pht trin
cng ngh s dng nghin ng nghin xi
mng, c nghin bn hon tt ln nghin hon tt.
H nghin bn hon tt kt hp nghin ng v
nghin bi cho php tng nng sut nghin
3060%, tit kim nng lng 1525%.
Tuy nhin p lc nghin ca nghin ng cn kh
cao (max 350MPa), vt liu lt t tin nn gn
y bt u pht trin th h my nghin mi.

CNG NGH XI MNG

Nghin xi mng

Bch khoa 09.2003

My nghin Horomill chy vi p lc khong

4070MPa, tiu tn nng lng ring thp hn
nghin ng.
Cht lng xi mng ca cc my mi v my
nghin bi truyn thng l hon ton c th so snh
vi nhau. Tuy nhin sn phm ca nghin ng
i hi nc tiu chun cao hn mt cht.

CNG NGH XI MNG

Nghin xi mng

Bch khoa 09.2003

Qu trnh cng ngh v cc thit b c kh sn

xut xi mng tr thnh mt h thng ng b.
Cht lng, tnh a dng sn phm, bo v mi
trng, cc nhin liu thay th v qun l nng
lng l nhng vn i hi s quan tm hn na
ca ngi qun l nh my. y l l do chnh
a my tnh vo h tr iu khin qu trnh v
qun l h thng thng tin.

CNG NGH XI MNG

T ng ho

Bch khoa 09.2003

T ng ho trong nh my xi mng c bc tin

di, t ch t ng ho tng phn tin n t ng
ho ton b dy chuyn cng ngh.

CNG NGH XI MNG

T ngho