I HC S PHM K THUT TP.

H CH MINH
1

H THNG VIN THNG

LECTURE 7: THNG TIN QUANG

LECTURER: NH THUN, Ph.D.

Email: dodinhthuan @ gmail.com
B MN IN T VIN THNG
KHOA IN-IN T
Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

NI DUNG
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C bn v h thng thng tin quang

Cc phn t c bn trong h thng
Nhiu trong thng tin quang
Thit k h thng thng tin quang

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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H thng thng tin quang l h thng thng tin

bng nh sng, v s dng si cp quang
truyn thng tin.
Cc h thng ny pht trin nhanh trong cng
ngh v truyn dn t nhng nm 1980
Hin nay v tng lai, thng tin quang l cng
ngh ch o trong k thut truyn dn vin
thng

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Lch s cp quang
Cc si quang ln u tin c ch to suy
hao rt ln (ti khong 1000dB/km).
Nm 1966, Kao, Hockman, v Werts nhn
thy rng suy hao l do tp cht trong ch to
si quang

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Lch s cp quang
1970, Kapon, Keck, v Mauer ch to thnh
cng si thy tinh c suy hao 20dB/km.
04/1977-Tuyn quang u tin-GTE Long
Beach 6 Mb/s
05/1977- H thng Bell 45 mb/s dng GaAs
lasers 850nm Multimode suy hao 2dB/km

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Lch s cp quang (tt)

u1980s-InGaAsP 1.3 m Lasers - 0.5 dB/km, lower
dispersion-Single mode
Cui 1980s- Truyn si n mode 1.55 m -0.2 dB/km
1989- Khuch i Erbium
Qi 1 1996- Ghp 8 knh WDM
Qi 4 1996- Ghp 16 knh WDM
Qi 1, 1998- Ghp 40 knh WDM
Cho ti nay (2008) si quang t suy hao nh di
0,154dB/km ti bc sng 1550nm

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Cc bc sng cp
quang
3 bc sng ph bin
ca cp quang
850nm, 1310nm,
1550nm

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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n v o suy hao cp quang

V d: Si quang suy hao 0.2dB/km ti bc sng 1.55

m. Sau khi truyn qua on ng 50km, ta tnh
cng tn hiu thu 0.2dB/km x 50km = 10 dB

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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n v o tn sc

psec/(nmkm) =10-12sec/(nmkm)

V d: Cho si quang vi tham s
- tn sc (D) ti 1.55 m = 20 psec/(nmkm)
- rng ph tn hiu quang () = 0.1 nm
-C ly truyn (L) = 100km

Ta tnh c gin xung (Pulse broadening)

= D x x L = 200psec =2 x 10-10 sec

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Tn sc trong si quang

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Cc yu t nh hng tuyn quang: suy hao, tn sc

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Tnh cht phn x nh sng trong si quang

Si quang chia thnh: si n mode, si a mode

Step index: chit sut nhy bc

Graded index: chit sut gradien

WDM fibers (single-mode only)

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Cu trc si quang n/a mode

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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u im cp quang

Suy hao truyn dn nh

Bng tn truyn dn rt ln

Khng b nh hng ca nhiu in t

C tnh bo mt tn hiu thng tin cao

C kch thc v trng lng nh

Si c tnh cch in tt

Tin cy, linh hot

Si ch to t vt liu c nhiu trong thin
Dinh-Thuan
Do, Ph.D.
nhin

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Tn s trong thng tin quang

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Khuch i quang
Khuch i trc tip photon (khng yu cu
chuyn thnh tn hiu in )
Cc loi chnh:

Erbium-doped fiber amplifier at 1.55 mm (EDFA and

EDFFA)

Raman-amplifier (have gain over the entire rage of
optical fibers)

Praseodymium-doped fiber amplifier at 1.3 mm
(PDFA)

semiconductor optical amplifier - switches and
Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.
wavelength converters (SOA)

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Cng ngh SDH truyn trn si quang

SONET

SDH

OC-l

Mbps

Channel

51.84

672

OC-3

STM-1

155.52

2,016

OC-12

STM-4

622.08

8,064

OC-48

STM-16

2,488.32

32,256

OC-192

STM-64

9,953.28

129,024

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Ph kin cp quang

ODTR

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

My o cng sut

Tool Kit

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Cc loi tuyn thng tin quang ph bin

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Tuyn thng tin quang truyn thng v tuyn DWDM

EDFA: Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier

DWDM: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.



SONET: Synchronous Optical Network

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S h thng thng tin quang

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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S h thng thng tin quang (tt)

Ngun pht quang: s dng diode pht quang
(LED) hoc laser bn dn (LD)
Thit b pht quang: c to t ngun pht tn
hiu quang, v cc mch in iu khin
Thit b thu quang: cu to t b tch sng
quang, mch khuch i, b ti to tn hiu
B ghp ni quang, b chia quang, trm lp,
trm xen r knh quang

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Cc thnh phn h thng thng tin quang

Optical fiber

Light source


Basics of p-n junction,


LED, LD


Types of LED, LD

Receiver


Photodetector


PIN, APD
Dinh-Thuan
Do, Ph.D.


Pre-Amps

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Cu to cp quang

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Ngun quang

Trong thng tin quang, ngun pht quang lm
t cc bn dn tng hp

Cc nguyn liu bn dn:


InAs, InP, GaAs, AlAs, GaP

Kt hp 3 n 5 bn dn trn to ra ngun
quang

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Ngun quang

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Ngun quang

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Ngun quang LED (Light emitting diode)

Da trn chuyn i in quang trong tip gip p-n

Cch pht x : c 2 loi


Surface emitting LED


Edge emitting LED

Loi vt liu:
GaAlAs : 800~850 nm


GaInAsP: ~1300 nm


GaN : Visible


ZnO : UV, Visible

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Ngun quang LED (Light emitting diode)

LEDs c rng bng (linewidth): =70~150nm

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Ngun quang LED (Light emitting diode)

Edge-emitting LED
LED
Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

Surface-emitting

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Ngun quang: Laser diode

Da trn chuyn i in quang trong tip gip hetero

Phn loi pht x:


Surface emitting LD


Edge emitting LD

Vt liu:
GaAlAs : 800~850 nm


GaInAsP: ~1300 nm


GaN : Visible


ZnO : UV, Visible

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Ngun quang: Laser diode

LDs have narrow linewidth () <0.5nm

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Khuch i quang

Nguyn l khuch i EDFA (Erbium-doped fiber
amplifier )

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Khi thu quang

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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S h thng thng tin quang (tt)

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

Thi cng
mng cp
thng tin
quang

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Tham s thit k h thng thng tin quang

Power Budget (qu cng sut )


Cc suy hao h thng


Khong cch truyn ti a


Tnh qu cng sut
Timing analysis


Tnh rise time


Cng sut yu cu ti thiu


Tc d liu cho php ti a

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

Mng thng tin quang

WDM, SDH
1980s Bellcore pht
trin Synchronous
Optical Network
(SONET)
SDH (Synchronous
Digital Hierarchy) nh
ngha bi CCITT

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Tnh cc tham s cho thit k quang: qu cng

sut

Suy hao h thng


Source to fiber coupling loss= lT


Reflection loss at receiver = lR


Connector loss = lc


Splicing loss = ls


Aging allowance = la


Optical fiber loss = (dB/km)

D phng h thng
lM


D phng cng sut quang
Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Tnh cc tham s cho thit k quang: qu cng

sut
Cng sut pht
PT
Cng sut ra khi ngun quang LED hay LD,
Cng sut thu ti thiu
PR
tt c cc tham s tnh bng dBm hoc dB

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Tnh cc tham s cho thit k quang: qu cng

sut
Biu thc tnh qu cng sut cho n on ni (splices) v
m connectors

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Tnh cc tham s cho thit k quang: qu cng

sut

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.

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Tnh cc tham s cho thit k quang: phn tch

tr
(rise time) Thi gian tng pha thu nhn xung quang.
tR
Dn xung tn sc
tD
tD=Dx xL
D: tn sc quang (psec/(nmkm))
: rng bng cp (nm)
L: c ly tuyn (km)
Thi gian tng (rise time) ton h thng tsys
tsys=(tT2+tR2+tD2)1/2

Dinh-Thuan Do, Ph.D.