lt Contents, 107 us 143 CHAPTER 1 = BTIO8D 87.17 Nm? @000)(0.05) = 7714.93 aN? 7 Tew 14015 493 vy, = Gite Eq. (112): 74 == 1493= 2SDCSD, = 0.76 e076 +e 1+076 Eq(.0: 1 0.43 From Figure 13b; s = 2: -*G. e100) = 33%12 13 14 ©. a b a a. From Eqs. (1.11) and (1.12) it can be seen that ry = = 16.48 KN/ mm? I+w 1+022 b= 16.48 KN/ me = Gt= = GOS) Ite Ite Eq, (1.14): €= WG, = (0.22NG,). So 9816, - 3 G,= 2.67 1648 oaes Ga 26 e081 a Eg 16): mao aT gi OMS b Eqs. (rand (14, 5= "Ss ~[2RZ2 | 00) ~ 9.8% Seti). (2.68X9.81)(1+0.21) LAL: y= = 3 Eq. (LIL): y= ine i z0ai 1758 KN/ m Eq (1 12): r= = 14.53 KN /m? Eq. (1.11): y= Sein) +e 122 = 2SEXG2ANI+ 0147) _ gg Te 1.6) "na 057 = Paernay Siena = MGs [O14268) 1499) s-= [ in Jam = ov 7, 1064 w/t? From Eqs. (1.11) and (112 yy = 77> =15 eter. _ 624X268+057) =i ae = 129.2 lb/ft a Ba (113): 7m b. Water to be added = 7,4 - y= 129.2 - 122=7.2 h/t = 5 _ (08X057) _ 5G ger tt Gy = G2 O+W) _ (2.68)62.4)0+017) _ ogg yee l+e 1+057 30 ® 6.64 i Fi 111) and (1.12): 7, = i s rom Ege (1.11) and (112): yy = HSE op ipsa Eq. (1.12): yg = G%*; 109 = 255624), . 59 Ite Ite 1.19): D, = 0.82 Prax ~ 0.53, =o: Eq (1.19) en TT bam O94 = 85.2 lb/ft? Refer to Table 1 5 for classification. SOWA: A-7-6(9) (Note: Plis greater than LL - 30.) GI = (Fy ~35)10.2 + 0.005(LL ~ 40)] + 0.01(Fi ~ 15)(P1- 10) = (65 —35)[0.2 + 0.005(42.— 40)] + 0.01065 - 15116 - 10) = 9.3 =9 SOILB: A-6(5) GI= (85 ~ 35){0 2 + 0.005(38 —40)] + 0.01(55 - 15)(13 -10)=5.4 = 5 SOUL C: -3(0) SOILD: A-45) GI = (64 ~35)[0.2 + 0.005(35 — 40)] + 0.01(64 ~ 15(9 - 10) = 4.585 = 5 SOW E: &-2-6(1) GI = (Fogg ~ 15(PI- 10) = 0.01(33 ~ 15)(13 - 10) = 054 = 1 SOIL F: A-7-6(19) (Pls greater that LL ~30) G1 = (76 ~35){0.2 + 0.005(52 -40)] + 0.01(76 - 15)@4 - 10)= 192 = 1918 19 SOIL A: SOIL B: SOIL C: SOUL D: SOM E: SOM F: Table 1.6: 65% passing No, 200 sieve. Fine grained soi; LL = 42; Pl Figure 1.5: ML Figure 1.7: Plus No. 200> 30%; Plus No. 4=0 % sand > % gravel — sandy silt Table 1 6: 55% passing No. 200 sieve. Fine grained soil LL = 38, PI = 13, Figure 1.5: Plots below A-line - ML, Figure 1.7: Plus No. 200> 30% % sand > % gravel - sandy silt ‘Table 1.6: 8% passing No. 200 sieve. % sand > % gravel — sandy soil ~ SP Figure 1.6: % gravel = 100-95 = 5% < 15% — poorly graded sand Table 1 6: 65% passing No. 200 sieve. Fine grained soil. LL = 35, PI=9 Figure 1.5~ ML Plus No. 200 = 36% > 30% % sand (31%) > % gravel (5%) ~ sandy silt Table 1.6: 33% passing No. 200 sieve. 100% passing No. 4 sieve Sandy soil LL =38, PE=13 Figure 1.5: Plots below Acline — SM Figure 1.6: % gravel (0%) < 15% — silty sand Table 1.6: 76% passing No. 200 sieve. LL = 52, P= 24 Figure 1.5: CH Figure 1.7: Plus No. 200 is 100-76 = 24% % sand > % gravel fat clay with sand 1 = 258X624) 1 _ 4s 71.10 112 113 From Eq. (1.26) sila) ous -(E2es- ras0( 7 ~ | " Tre, By trial and error, e, = 0.52 52)" 54x10* _ 4092 mR O72)" 1+072 = 3126 y= 1.73 * 10% em / see Gyre _ 256624) 2 = Gile _ C6ONE2A). 09 Ib/ Terms Fee” 14055 107091 A = Ge FOP w _ (C2AY256 4048 _ 13539 1H 3 —~ Gy tw) _ (2.74X624)01 + 0.3478) Ysacoan = TSG, _-1-#(03478X2.74) =117.99 Ib/ ft? ALA, 0-0; u=0;0=0 At B: = (107.09)(8) = 856.72 Ib /£; u = 0; ALC! O= oy + (132.394) = 856.72 + 529.56 = 1386.28 Ib / ft w= (62.4)(4) = 249.6 Ib / 2 = 1386.28 - 249.6 = 1136.68 Ib /f? ALD: 0 = e+ (117. 99)(15) = 1386.28 + 1769.85 = 3156.13 Ib / fe w= (62.4)(19) = 1185.6 Ib / fe of = 1970.53 Yb ft In the top sand layer: Ysgonn = When the ground water table is 4 ft below the ground surfice,114 115 116 a = (107.09)(4) +(129.244) + (132.39)(4) + (117.99)(15) = 3244.57 Ib /$? u= (62.4)(23) = 1435.2 Ib/ f O = 3244.57 ~ 1435.2= 1809.37 Ib/f? ‘Change in effective stress = 1809.37 - 1970.53 = - 161.2 Ib/ ft Equation (1.37): 5, = 265-1 tom 6 —_ = 0.89 1+085 Eq (147): = See, “+e, = £2009(42 - 1913.7), 155 14082 i190, Be all 087 m= 87 mm Eq. (1.51): se fe,te{2}+, 1 C.= 0.009(42 = 10) = 0.288; C, = C,/5 = 0.0576 128 155 S.= eal onsrein( 28 + o2asg( 185 |= 0056 m=s6am 091-0792 a. Eq. (1.38): ¢, =>. oh ‘Using the results of Problem 1.12 = (8)(107.09) + (4)(132.39 — 62.4) + (15/2)(117.99 ~62.4) = 1553.6 Ib/€,7 WG, = (0.3478)(2.74) = 0.953 = 0392}{15 x12), (1553.64 1000) _ Tages, igsag b. Bq. (155): r=3} For U= 50%, 7, =0.197 (Figure 1 21) 5 x 10% Gswiayt) £74402 « 10" seo = 509.5 days 118 a Eq.(138): ¢,.=—8 L.19 Eq. (1.55): 7, = Sf. For 60% consolidation, 7, = 0 287 (Figure 1.21) Lab time: ¢= 8} min =2 min 07907 in? /min Field: U = 50%; T,=0.197 0197 vont ¢ = 89693 min = 6.23 days s=2x10%rprocedure Teay 0.05 on 04 0125 | 05 0.1125 | 0.45 So, T, = 0.1125 = 2 x 10% f, = $6,250 min = 39.06 days121 Eq, (1.66): T, ae T, = 60 days = 60 x 24 x 60 x 60s; H= m= 1000 mm (8 x 107 }(60 x 24 x 60 x 60) G.000)' =00415 . op = Geb (Bx 107930 x 24 x 60 x 60) _ Atle 30 days: 7, = Fp = SAE 00207 From Figure 1.28, for 7, = 0.0207 and 7, = 0.0415, U= 5%. So S.= (0.05150) =7.5 mm 2p = X10 (120 x 24 x 60 « 60) _ After 120 days: 7, = EXT JETER DAS = 0083 From Figure 1.28, for 7, = 0.083 and 7, ~ 0.0415, U= 27% So S.= (0.27150) = 40.5 mm Normal Area | force,N Gn’) | a) 125 435 10.88 275 955 23.88 37.5 132 33123 126 2127 ‘When plotted, ¢’= 41° e=0. Eq, (1.69): o; = ostm?( 5+) 30+96 = 30tan? {4542} ee (126)? _ ye] (2) «| 38° of = ota ase 20+40=20tan? {4542} o=30° 0. Eq. (1.69): oj soften’ (ss = Hoan (45-2 = 387.8 KN/m? Eq. (169): of = 05 tan’ (45+£) 20" (45-#) 2, 368 = 140tan’ (45 + 72) + 2c’tan(45 + $'/2) @ 701 = 280tan* (45 + ¢p’/2) + 2c’ tan4A5 + #'/2) @) Solving Eqs (a) and (b), ¢p/= 24° and c= 12 kN/mx* 04> 32~5.5=265 Ib/in?, o5=13- 55=7.5 Ib/ in? “(8 28) _ € 265+75, Normally consolidated clay; c= 0; 0’= 0128 129 21 22 G,=0, sar (4548) a, ¢ =150ian'(45+22) 9059 aN? ont (452$), Wt n'(s5+28); we o19 eve? o; 2 150=u 2 p g — =011+00037P1; ———*—~ = 011 +(0: 21) = 14.7 KN/ m? a + 37PI; @as6-98p 011+(0.0037)(21) = 14.7 KN / mm CHAPTER 2 7 _/ @? -a875)? = a Eq. (2.5): A,(%) = «100 = CEs fe 2 bo dy 5 A 907m. 100 dD Depth from ground surface |Ne | ct o ocr (=) (N/m?) (MN / m?) 40 6 | 1054 ms (2017) +219 - 9.81] = 0.0524 r 1 5S 9 Mid 0.0524 + Joog (IT - 9-81K(1-S)= 0.0652 1 - 70 8 129.6 0.0632 + Toop 17 ~ 9800-5) 0074] 4.86 H 85 10 152.2 0.074 * Tp00 17 ~ 9-8. 5) = 0.0848 | 5.16 100 | 11| 1630 |00848+ (17 - 9.81y(1.5)~0.0956 | 5.08 1000 l (KN / m?) = 29 59°”; "OCR =0.193(Ny/23 Depth (m) (KN / ar) _ 15 18.08 x 1.5=27.12 3 18.08 x 3.0 = $4.24 45 18.08 x 4.5 = 81.36 6 18.08 x 55+ (19.34 - 9.81)0,5) = 104.2 15 18.08 x $5 + (19.34 - 9.81)(2) = 185 9 18.08 x 5.5 + (19.34 ~ 9.81)(3.5) = 1328 0s Now the following table can be prepared. Depth | Mo | 9% Cy a) (kN/i) Ls 5 27.12 192 3 z 5424 | 136 4s 9 81.36 | LIL 6 8 104.2 0.98 75 12 1185 | 092 2 il 132.8 0.87 “rounded to nearest whole number 24 Ay. 29.66° Ay. 33.29° = 30° = 33°25 Pa Dz (%) (N/m?) | Eq 2.19} 15 *18=27 612 3«18=54 50 4s 45% 18=81 - 433 60 6x 18= 108 354 75 108 + 1.5(20.2 - 9.81) = 123.6 ai 9.0 | 123.6 + 1.5(20.2—9,81) = 139.2 412 26 Y o, Pe (tb /#) | (ib/ in?) | (lb/ in?) 106 | 736 | 147 es 2.7. Eq (2.180): D, @)=122+0.75 [> +2311-77100R - raf 22) sc U (222\(9) +2311-711(30) ]°* AtLOR: D,=12240735 _47of 1150) _ 2] = 38.35% 7 ae} (50\32) 3 (22211) 2311-7110) P* = 406% ALISf: D,=1224079 _ 19/1725) _ 2 | nf) -ce28 29 (22212) +2311-711G.9) ]°* At20f: D, =122+07: ~79{ 252) - 50,02)" = 41.63% Average D, = (%)(38.35 + 40.6 + 41.63) = 40% T Eq, (2.29): ¢, = Eq. (2.31): K=366 x 10% D? = 366 x 10%(6.35)' = 93.7 « 10% ___0072 2 Sea) = Syga oF 7 708 KN! ms Cx camaes) = y_ysry = [1.7 = 0 S4log(PI)](76.84) = [1.7 = 0.54log(51 - 18)](76.84) = 67.62 KN/ m? a. From Eq, (2.33), X= 0.0021D* = 0.0021(2)' = 0.0168 124 e. —sz: . Guvsn = Dg igy 7 73H W/E B.C oceunany = [1.7 - 05410g(PD](738.1) = [1.7 0.5410g(64~ 29)\(738.1) = 639.3 Ib / fe 2.10 ocr = poets; B= 22(PIy°* = 22(51- 18) = 4.11 9%, = (2X17) + (219 - 9.81) + (317 - 9.81) = 73.95 KN/ mi Says ~ 76.84 KN/axt 7684 OCR = (4. w(t He) 427211 y=15S.SKN/m; ot fe x ass (ey Manin?) 213 a go, =(5)(116) + (124)(12) = 2068 Ib/#*. Eq. (2.51): Goats 2068 = 726 Ib /ft? & M = (S)(116) + (124 - 62.9)(12)= 1319.2 Ib / f*. Bq. (2.55): )" © yn | Coates 2068 2oee" =312 13192 2.14 Bq. (2.56): E, = 20+ aM, + ‘Ap 45 +180 3265-424 (8 “)- = aya+05 (sss Sie 2 i)= 4121.6 KN/m? 215 a Ky = Beste = MO OBE) 243. Bg (263): a, K,= (Ky/1.5)°" ~ 0.6 = (2.43/1.5)"*” 0.6 = 0.65 b. Eq. (264): OCR = (0.5Kp)!* = (0.5 « 2.43)! = 1.36 E=(1~ Ep = (1 -035%)34.7)(350 — 280) = 2131 KNim? 2 260-G)98) __ 40) Eq. (2.69a): 2.16 = 2X15) + G19—981) Ky 4.01 2. = 3] + —______ . 39° 0236+ 006K, ~ | * 0236+ (seKa0D @=3l+ 2.17 Eq (2.70): Recovery ratio = 3.2ft/5 f= 64% E, 218 Eq. (272): v= [zen , = 032 7 yg -2n,Xieu,) E O68 900 = f_—_S2 _,_068 _. 5 2 G8 7985 * (©3633) B= 3125KN/m2.19 A time-distance plot is shown. Slope of oa = + = 1524x10" aT y, 25x10" _ 492 m/sec = T524~ (top layer) - ee = 1390 m /see 20x10" = DAO = 3390 m/ SH i 1 1390-492 2.03 fest = ER 75260 ss _22,Jvi 3 | Y3¥2 fr =20810" Eq (274): Z,= ifr 2 OO) Lyi 22 fv; ~vi _ (202. 6)/(3390)* = 492)" _ goi9s (wm (3390492) (3390)(1390)__ _ 1524 (3) 7 ria =v? (3390)? - (1390)? So. Z, = (YX0.02 ~ 0.0105) 1524) = 7.24 m220 A time-distance plot is shown, gs _ 1 _737x10" 250 Slope of Oa = = SS F 200 vy, = 678.4 ft / see g 4 150 a s vy, = 1748.25 ft / see 0 1 fay, 0 50 100 150 200 230 300 a1 fae, . ATV ey =o 1 [174825-678.4 “3 Vinaassarea 2a s CHAPTER 3 31 a Eq. G3)andTabe3t: qu For $= 28°, N,=31.61,N,= 1781, N, = 13.7 qa = j[eonersy +(110)(3X1781) +20 190x037] 5195 Ib/ ft? vfs 1 sacs Been. av, +500) For ” = 35°, from Table 3.1, N,=57.75,N, = 4144, N,=45.41 an =4 {ow a2 «178441 s+ Larenixssan| =372.8KN/m?32 33 e Table3.1: $’ = 30°, N, = 22.46, N= 19.13 Eq (3.7), with c= 0 From Table 3.1, for f” = 34°, N, = 36.5, N, = 38.04 = é +a 5(159)365) + (04X159)(BX3804)] By trial and error, B= 2m In Eq. (3.25), all inclination factors are unity. Also, since it isa strip foundation, B/L = 0. So all shape factors are equal to unity. Therefore Gu™ CN Fat IN Nos YBN Fp Table 3.3: gf’ = 28°, N, = 25.8, N,= 14.72, N, = 16.72 Bq. (3.30): Fey 1 + 0.4(D//B) = 1+ 0.4313) = 14 Eq. G31): Fyy= 1 + 2tang(I — sing H(D//B) = 1 + (0.299)3/3) = 1.299 Eq. 3.32): F, 4. (AOOX25 8X1 A) + (3Y110)(14.72)(1 299) + ¥4(1103)16.72(1) = 14,448 +6310 + 2758.8 = 23,517 Ib/f a a/4 ~ 3879 Io 182Bb Rye Fy Fy 1; Fa = Fg = Fy = 1s Fy = le? = 0 tae La, re 3B, Table 3.3: N, = 33.3; N, = 48.03 Fy~ 1+ 2tang(1-sing’)(D//B) = 1 + 0.25(1 2/15) = 1.2 Gua = ALCL 2)(17-8X33.3)(1.-2) + ¥6(17,8)(1.5{48.03)] ~ 373.7 KN / mi? © Gu ON, FyaF gy + BYBN Fy Fy @ =30°. From Table 3.3, N, = 18.4; N,=22.4 Eqs. 3.29) and (3.32): Fy, = 0.6; Fyy= 1 Eq. G.28): F,,~ 1+ tang’ = 1577 Eq G31): Fyy= 1+ 2tang(I-sing’)(D/B) = 1 +.0.29(2/3) = 2294 a = AKIG.S)(18.4)(1.193)(1.577) + Y5(16.5)(3)(22 4)(0.6)(1) = 368.8 KN / ma? 34 Oy ~(R Pew ntat + ON, Fey Fys Fy + 4YBN, NyNyaN yg} O° = 25°; Table 3.3: N. = 20.72, N, = 10.66, Ny = 10.88 55)( 10.66 “ “(8 )(s0n)= yale Fy wt Beang’=1+ (32) un2s = 1466 F,7 1-042 «1-040 = 06 ‘D, 4 =1+04/2)-1+04(4)=1 sla (5) ae (&) ad Fg =1+2tang'(-sing’)* 2% - oan Fel35 36 (50K20:72\(1514)(129(0694) a ia Gs) 4107 x 4X 10.66(1.466(1226)(0.694) | = 119.7 kip +(0-5SK107\(5.5(1088)(0.6X1}(0.16) Que = ()e* LON FF Fu + ON Fg Foa Fy + K7BN,N Ny Ng ~') = (116.8) + (109-4 ~ 9.81) = 26.39 KN/ mi? = 25°. Table 3.3: N, = 20.72; .N, = 10.66; N, = 1088 2)/ 1066 Fr +(2)(2)- 1343 Fe 14(2)anas= LI 2 F,=1 o4(2) =073 2 i =1s02)=14 fy =1sosu(2)= 131 R= ase (3 se] ODCOTNISANL) +2539 106130310] _ 4 +(05(19.4 ~981(2)(1088X0.73)(1) - 2639 Quy = 150,000 Ib = 150 kip; Q, = (FS)(Qu) = @)(150) = 450 kipAlso, g = yD,= (0.115)(3) = 0.345 kip / 8 2-2 @ For $= 40°, Table 3.3 gives N, = 64.20, N, = 109.41 Fg 71+ BiLjang’= 1 + (B/B}ans0° = 1.839; Fy 0.M(B/B)~0.6; Fyy=1 140.2148) Fp 0.642 4. = osssyor20x1359{1+ 982) Leorrscayaoe.y06xo 407342815 43778 © Combining Eqs (a) and (b) A30, = 40734265 +3778 By trial and error, Eq. (c) gives B = 2.75 ft 37 8 & (deg) [Eq (2.25)] Av = 40.26° » 40° bg. = BLN, Fyp Fy + YBN, Fy Fy) /, = 64.2; N, = 109.41 = 40°. Table 3 Fy7 1+ (8/8)tan40 = 1.84 F,g~ 1+ 2tan40(1 — sin40)(5/8) = 1.134 Fy = 1-0.4(8/8) = 0.6 Fyn38 Gx9/ 5. ay 2 7000 [os 110)(64.2)(184)(1134) + Fe110xs 109 41x00, ] = 6563.9 kip From Eq. (3.44) 4 "70 y une’ +4 tang) a0, +2)~an(is3)=255 KN/m? 1400 a 21 +035)(72 +255 tan20) 638 From Eq. (3.45) tua = Hen|(29-0058)oa(s-£)} eo|(23 - 0485 or 45 - 2} = 4036 Since I; > 4, use Eqs. (3.46) and (3.48) lies B 3.07sing’ log(2/,) F. =F, win (145.062 ang «| 207d) ~ere{( 44-063 eno + 2278201 698)) 534 2 1¥sin20 For 6’= 20°, N, = 6.4 (Table 3.3). 1-0534 F, = 0534- 64 tan20 = 0334 Now, fiom Eq. (3.43)Now, fiom Eq. (3.43) Ge 0 NoFeg FogFee + 4 Ny Fog Fya Eye? V2V BN, Fp Fri Pye From Table 3.3, for ’= 20°, N, = 14.83, N, = 6.4, N, = 5.39. From Section 3.6 Fy = 1+ (MIN, KBIL) = 1+ (6.4/14.83)0%4) = 1.216 F,, = 1+ (B/Lytang’= 1 + (%4)tan20 = 1.182 Fy, = 1-0 4(B/L) = 1-0.4(4)=08 Fug= 1+ 0A(D/B)= 1 +0411) = 1.4 Fy = 1+ 2tang’( — sing’ (D;/B) = 1 + 2ran20(1 — sin20)°(1/1) = 1.315 Fyol ‘Thus Ge= (7214. 83)(2.216)(1.4)(0. 334) + (1 * 17(6.4)(1.182X(1.315)(0.534) + (ANATICL.ONS.39)(0.8)(1)(0.534) = 717 KN / mi? 39 B=B-2e=15-2(0.15)=12m, L=15m Ge= 4 Ny Fog Feat BY BN Fy Fry Table 33: $’= 36%; N,= 3775; N, = 56.31 Fy 71+ (B/Ljtang’= 1 + (1.2/1 Sytan36 = 1.58 Fyg= 1 + 2tanG’(1 - sing’) (D,/B) = 1 + 2tan36(1 — sin36P(1/1.5) = 1.165 Fn 0.4(B/L) = 1 -0.4(1 2/1.5) = 0.68 Ful Ge = (1 * 17YB7.75)1_S8M1.165) + (4)AT\1 2X56 31)(0.68)(1) = 1571. 9KN / mi? ig = BEL. CINE, 973 310 B=8- (2Y(0.65)=6.78; L=8R0 ON Fg Fog + YN Fgg Fea * BY BNF F yp Table 3.3: f’= 26° N, = 22.25; N, = 11.85; N, = 12.54 Section 3.6: Fog = 1+ (Wy /Ng (BIL) = 1 + (11 85/22.25)6.7/8) = 1.446 Fy = 1+ (BIL jang’= 1 + (6.7/8)tan26 = 1 408 Fy, = 1-0.4(B//L) = 1-04 (6.7/8) = 0.665 Fam 1+ 0.4(D/B) = 1 + 0.4(6.5/8) = 1.325 Fyg= 1 + 2tan26(1 — sin26)(6.5/8) = 1.25 Fant 4, = ($00)(22.25)(1.446)(1 325) + [(3)(110) + (3-5)(122 - 62.4)] x (11 85)(1.408)(1.25) + 4(122 ~ 62.4)(6 7)(12 54)(0 6651) = 34,213 Ib/f? ase eee roo ‘ 2. 9,B'L~ [GB4.213(6.7M8)] Toy = 1833-8 kip 3.11 B=5 fi L=6 fe=B2-2—-25-2=05 ft Eq. (3.74): 5 1 Qa aie Ngo Foagey + ON oF) 137 BN oF xo | Rea= 200255 = 12--(029($)=117 B 3 2 B 3Ve)f By =1+(2£-068)2 -(2)/2) {2 Foss “G os) [oss QA 2x 0S 5 3yos\ysy ~1s(25H aca) ):[ons-(2L%) |e) -07 Fag = = @)(105) + (2)(118 — 62.4) = 321.2 Ib / ft?312 For e/B = O and = 25°, from Figures 3.20, 3.21, and 3.22: Neg = 16.8, Ngo) = 12, Nyy = 6s Que = (SKE)[(AOO\ 16 81.17) + (321.2K12M1) + (449118 ~ 62.4Y(5)(6.5)(0.794)] = 373,026 Ib =373 kip @= 70/450 = 0156; c= 0. Eq. (3.74): On = [o% uaF + | = 30°; eB = 0.1568 Quy = (ASO)(FS) = (450)(6) = 2700 KN Fg 7s B=L x 2 x 55. o68)n2[o4s- asf 2)loy 0312 0234 ~14(232 068) (000-22) = 0.754.312 _ 0234 BB Hence 2700= {aa 16ND) +4(19-981(2)1% of 075~!32-2254)} 2700= #[192%q + G459SX BIN.) (ors -2 way) @ ‘TRIAL ANDERROR: Let B= 2 m; e/B = 0.156/2= 0.078; d”= 30° From Figures 3.21 and 3.22, Ny 20; Ngo 14 Right-hand side of Eq. (2): @¥{as2x0 +64, sesxaxt(ors = ee = 2) = 17814 EN <2700 KNLet B=2.5 m; e!B =0.156/2.5 = 0.0624; ’= 30° From Figures 3.21 and 3.22, Ng 21; Nyo)* 16 Right-hand side of Eq, (2): as = [92x20 + asesx2506{075- 932 _0234)) = 3130 KN < 2700 KN Let B=2.25 m; e/B = 0.156/2.25 = 0.0693; 6’= 30° From Figures 3.21 and 3.22, Nyy = 20.5; Nyy = 15 Right-hand side of Eq. (a): 19.2205) +(4395y225419{ 075-32 a). 2391 KN <2700 kN (2257 = 2 S0,B=24m 3.13 @9/B=0.4/4 = 0.1; ¢, /L = 1.2/6 = 0.2. So Case I, Figure 3.16 applies From Figure 3.16, L/L = 0.865 and L.,/L = 0.22 1, = (0.8656) = 5.19 8; L, =(0.22\(6)= 1328 Eq. (3.64): 4’= KUL + L2)B = 45.19 + 1.32)(4) = 13.02 82 Eq. 3.65): B’= AIL, = 13.025 19 = 251 Eq (3.66); L’=5.19 0 G65 OM Fg Fg + YBN Fy Frys Table 33: @’= 35°; N, = 33.3; N, = 48.03 Fi= 1+ (BL Ytang’= 1 + (2.51/3.19)tan3$ = 1.339 F,,=1-0.4(B1L’)= 1-04 (2.51/5.19) = 0.806 Fag™ 1+ 2tan35(1— sin35)(G/4) = 1.191 Fyel(11S 3)(83.3)(1.339X(1.191) + 4(115)(2 51)(48.03)(0.806)(1) = 23,908 Ib / A (23,908\(2.51X5.19) _ FS xto00)—~ 7786 MP Qu 3.14 e9/B= 1.5/4 = 0.375; ¢;/L = 0.06/6 = 0.01. So Case III, Figure 3.17 applies. From Figure 3.17, B, /B= 03 and B,/B=0.25 B,=(03X4)= 12; B, =(0254)=1 8 Bq 3.67). A= 4(B, + B,)L = 412 + 16) = 6.6 f* Eq. (3.68): B= AIL =66/6=11 ft Bq. (3.66): L’=L=60 F,, 7 1+(BL tang’= | + (1.1/6)tan35 = 1.128 F,,=1-O4(B IL’) = 1-04 (1 146) = 0927 Fy = 1+ 2tan35(1— sin3S)%(3/4) = 1.191 Fal G/.~ (115 * 3)33.3)(1.128)(1,191) + Y4(115)(1.1)(48-03)(0.927)(1) ~ 18,250 Ib / 8? g.BIL! _ (18 250X0.1K6) Qu FS (41000) 0.1 kip41 42 CHAPTER 4 Bq 49): a= ON Fy + LPB HoBeos B23 p’= 40°. Figures 4.4 and 4.5: N; = 380; N= 200 Eqs. (4.4) and (4.5) and Figure 46: sof) = os 2)= 0688 n= 4H = 15225, {ea x peex0y0724) + Leanxasx2004 068) = 9209 KN F286 =—2=04 BIS o’= 35°. Nz = 300; NV, = 100 Eqs (44) and (4.5) and Figure 4.6: foal s)nn( pon) noe oe Sass 1)(300)(045) +Fusesxi00xe4] =1873 kN43 Eq. @8)and Table 4.1: paar Gu= CNet Q Ni=5.24 G. = (1055.24) + (18)(1) = 568.2 KN / m? B BY(2¢,H 44° Bq. (4.26): a.=(t+02Z)e.n, «(16 B)(22H Jn, Bag, % 2285 _ rz ® a tooo ~ 985 From Figure 4.9 and Eq. (4.28): 7 = 0.975; c, = (0.975\1000) = 975 Ib/ ft? "1 4, = (585X514) + QOTMED + (1210.65) = 4279 Ib / ft? CHECK — Eq (427): em. +7D, = (10004514) + (121)(165) = 5339.7 Ib/ ft? Fao 0754, 2 BAL 45 0.734; 79 06 From Figure 4.9: £* = 0975; ©, = (0.975719) = 70.1 kN/ m?Eq. (426): B BY 2c, . 2 BY 26H) % (1+022}.y, »(1+ z( Jen; = [1+ 02)(0.754)](432)(5.14) + (1+ orse{ ACNO78} , (1729092) = 25553+20315+1591 = 474.6 KN/m? CHECK — Eq (4.27): "9" (: fs 28), 4+ ¥,D, =f +(02(0754)](719X5.14) +17.294092) = 4412 KN/m? Q, = (441.2(0.92\(1.22) = 495.2 kN 2D, 1 46 a Eq (421) [with BL- 0}: 9, msi, or te(1y Pe ae yD, Side, Eq (422): += a 9 Oe a. OS BN ey For $’ 40°, Nyy) ~ 109.415 Nyy ~ 64.2 (Table 3.3) h.__GINB) __ og, g _ (05x18\(2(109.41) From Figue 48, for ¢; =40° and £2 = 0078, K, = 25 au 4.= 61139 +0Ha5;(1+242) SEA 4 (8{12) = 2863 N/m? CHECK — 1 94 = 11D Ney Fenry +47 BM oF = (189(1 2,064.21) + C18)(2,1109.4 901) = 3356 KN /m?47 So, 9, = 286.3 KN / m? b. Minimum value of ///B will be when, fiom Eq. (4.21) (Note: B/L = 0) af, , 221) X, tang} 1 Side, 47,8" (1-2 Eat rp, = 1D Myy +2 7.BN 0, 3356 EN or 25tan40 > + (1812) = 3356 KN /m? 1400+ 08)7"(142222) ise-s+isssir(1 +24) - 3356 KN /m? By trial and error, H = 11.9 m Eq, (4.23): 1 = [remy + ION a Foy * YPM yn Fo | 2 r suri + aC ee = 30°, Table 3.3: Nyq) = 18.4; Ny) =22.4 Eqs, (3.28) and (3.29): 3 1s w+ Fan Fogg) = 1+ Z tang 1+—tan30= +5 030=1577 B 1s Fag =1-042 = 1-04 2) = 06 a PN Eq. (425): “2320 Ba ( n 7Nyay $= 40° Nyy) = 109.41 (Table 33) & | eyis4) q (1810941) =014948 Figue4.8: g=40°; 22-0149; K,=3 a Ge = [8X1 +08)(18.4)(1 577) + (0.5)(16\(1.5)(22.4)(0.6)] saaxoay(t + By * oe ce (1808) = (9401 +16128) + 13535-144 = 12223 kN/m? CHECK — Eq. (424): 9, = 71D, Ney Foy + yv BN Fen = 40". Table 3.3: Nyqy = 642; Nyy = 109.41 Fyqy = 1+ Ztang} = 1+ ian4o = 1839 Fy = a4 d= 1-048) =06 4, (18) 64.2K1. 839) +3 (181 5)109 4110.6) = 2125.2 + 8862 = 3011 4 N/m? So, g,= 1222.3 N/m? Gojoe = 1222.3 ~(1 18) = 1204 KN / 4, = 677.25 KN BP _ (1204)(15)? away BS Bq. (430% 4. =9N5, + EN, '=35°. Table 3.1: N, =41.44;N, =45.41 For ¢’= 35°, fiom Figure 4.11, % =131; ¢,=2.0 gu = (3 * 110)(41.44)(1.31) + (41 10)(3 (45 .41)(2) = 32,899.8 Ib / ft? Geet = Gu — YDy= 32,899.8 — (3 110) = 32,569.8 Ib/ ft?Net allowable bearing capacity = eee = 8142 b/ ft 49 4 B=4f; H=15N. Since B7 Dy L 24 Dy ($)_b>-om(8) = ‘ons on(24)] < sf ? i Hence, this is a shallow foundation. 2% 167 2B 167 _ Eq (444): a’ = By aR 0188 By Eq. (4.46): Fo sectanguer = 7.56 +1a4(2)= 1.56 + i(2) =828 From Figure 4-22, with @~ 0,188, the value of #= 0.275 Eq. (4.48): Q.= A(b’F-c,+ YD) = (1.2 * 2.4){(0.275)(8.28)(74) + (18)(2)] = 589 KN52 53 Eq. (5.3): Ao=4. ‘TOT [-(Z 3000 Ib/ ft? 2=7.5 ft rr = 9 Bs 14(25,) 2x75, Eq. (5.7): m= Biz, Eq. (5.8): 1= L/z. Refer to areas in Figure 5.4 2/8 = 0.15 n= 3/8 =0375 J, = 0.025 (Table 5.2) Area 2: m=3/8=0.375 n=3/8=0.575 I, = 0.06 Area3: m=0.15 n= 6/8 =0.75 J, = 0.037 Area S: m= 0.375 n=075 1, = 0.08 Ao=4,(h+ let by + 1.) = (110)(0.202) = 22.2 KN /m* Refer to Figure 5.4T (lable 5.2) 02477 Aa= (2500((0.2477) = 619 Ib / #2 $4 L=L,+1,-3+6-9m B=B,+B,=12+3=42m z | m=UB 2(BI2) 1 (a) (Table $3) oO 214 o 1 L 214 0476 09s 2 3 4 5 244 0.952 085 214 143 0.65 2414 L191 049 2.14 2.38 o4i 55 L=7+12=19% B=10+5=15ft z | m-LB | m=z2(BR) ZL ‘ho-hg, | (ft) (Table 53) | (ib/f) 0 127 0 I 2500 5 127 0.67 085 2125 10 127 1.33 0.55 B75 1S 127 2 035 875 20 1. 2.67 0.24 600 5.6 The plan of the foundation can be divided into 4 areas, each measuring 2.5 ft « 2.5 ff. H,= 3 ft; Hy = 13 ft; B= 25%; L=25 ft57 58 Figure $.7: Igy, = 0212 B £ -2-23 08 -$-3- 01 gp eee aA Figure $.7: Joy, = 013 Hla | i, | 4) al [Cee oer, 50x £22000) = 1686 Ib / fe 13-3 1: = pr mises Ib/f? Ao, = ae =5917 b/ ft? Ao, Seer 3086 Ib / ft? Nou, = = [1562.5 + (4591.7) +308 6] = 706.3 Ib / f° Point A: B,/z= 10/15 = 0.67 e———— 60 R——\__ 10 1-4 B,lz= 60/15 =4 ] Figure 5.11: 7’= 0475 30f Aa = (230 * 1150475) | = 3278 Ib / ftPoint B: —— 60 ff —— 20 ft #60 R ——1 the | sft ost B For@: B,/z= 0/15 =0; B,/z= 60/15 = 4; 1’= 0.415 For@: — B,/z= 20/15 = 1.33; B,/2= 60/15 = 4; 170.49 Ag = (30 = 115)(0.415 + 0.49) = 3122 Ib) fe Point C: For@: B,/z= 80/15 = 5.33; B,/= 60/15 = 43 1’=05 For@; B,/z=0/15=0; By/z= 60/15 =4; 1’=0.415 Ao = G0 x 115)(0.5 - 0.415) = 293 Ib/ fe 59510 Go = 180 KN/ m’; 4, = 03; a= 4 = 153 “he ° Eq. (5.26) and Tables 5.4 and 5.5: 1,28 +442 gr, =0669+1-242 0) = 0569 1-4, l-y, Pe? ay, En ia B3 B Figure 5.15b: J, = 0.725 1-037 8500 S, = (18044 x ssf oseaa72s =0.056m = 56mm Tables 5.4 and 5.5: F, = 0.292; F, = 0.085 1, =F +172: g, 20292 + 15 2X3) oo85 034 1-4, 1-03 Ds Ph i tOT B3 Figure 5.15b: = 0.62nlc . -03? S.= 9s(eB I, = as0eex15/ 05 Jossxos2) = 0024 m= 244mm SAL Eqs, (525) and (533): 8, =0939,(aB’)1=#2 1 1, a =~ -a1258 “Tey Tables 5.4 and 5.5: F, = 0.597; F;~ 0.025 ", = 0597+ HKG? 0025) =0611 Dy _ 25 Dy =25% La =04 = & oe eas Figure 5.15b: 4, = 0.83 . 625) 1-03 - 5, = ossyco00{ 4 5 ) sat c06111083 00349 ft ~ 0.419 in, Tables 5.4 and 5.5: F, = 0.52; F; = 001= 2X04) 9 9 _ 4 (0.01) =0523 Figure 5.15: J,= 0.74 5, = (0.93)(230)(4 x 105) (0523)(0.74) = 00183 m= 18.3 mm 16,000 B S44 DB = 1.21.5 = 08; HIB= 3/15 = 2; /B=3/1.5=2 From Figure 5.17, 4; = 0.69; 4p ~ 0.95 5.= (0.690. 932002, = 0245 m= 246 mm From Eq, (5.36) the equivalent diameter is B, = [ABE = [MOC _ 5 058 x = Go = 3000 Ib/ ft? pat = _ = 825 H_ 8 55057 From Figure 5.19, for = 8.25 and H/B, = 1.58, the value of J; ~ 0.72 Eq. (5.40):= 0786 2x 10° [eer 46+10 -———-__.___] |<"? 12504(228)30) as. Eq (5.41): 1 3Sexp(122u, 04 ze os) D, I, =1- 1 =1-—— = 0928 35 exp[(12204)— 04] 7) Eq. (5.39): GBelolal (4 42 n GOWYSOS(0-72)(0.78(0928) 4 42 s Zz Ow (1250 x 144) oe) = 0.037 ft ~ 0.446 in. 5.15 Eq (539), 8, = URefolets g_ 42 g.= 150KN/ mi? 2, = [2 - [OS® -3385m zy = Hz 0.3; E, = 16,000 kN / mi?E, ___ 16,000 P= Fa Gaonaaasy |? H_ 2» £94 B, 733857 From Figure 5.19, J; = 0.89. From Eq, (5.40): = 0815 axa} \ 400) 3385 From Eq. (5.41): 1 1 lpat= 3Sexp(l22y, - oaf 6] 35 exp{(1.220.3) - 04] 3B v1) D, = 0923 S= asyasssioxpxonisios09{ Refer to Figure $.22. Assume J, plots approximately the same as square foundation 1 =O.) atz=0;/, =05 atz= 3.1258: f, =Oate=12581 = (a2 zt ) 03.125 03 | 0.00352 3125-125 3200 | 0.25 | 0.00879 0.01231 q= yDy= (115)(25) = 287.5 Ib/ f? = 1.997 Ib/ in? 3000 =J-q =—— = 2083 Ib/in? GW "E-4 144 a 1997 Syears =1-05{—2-Ja1- 0952; C, =14021og{ 22°85 c=! of = 3] 0: =). 1952; C, 102 a ) S, = (0.952)(1.34)(20.83)(0.01231) = 0.327 in. 5.17 Refer to Figure $.22. J, =0.1 at2=0; 1, =0.5 at2= 1.05 mJ, =Oatz=42m 0.196 = 104 0.492 x 107 0.688 x 107 q= yD,=(18.1)(1.5) = 27.15 KN/m? ; g, = 230 KN / m? (Re i = 941; = )2 log} — |= Cc, =1-0. wa) = 0.941; C, =1+0. é) 14 S,= (0.941X(1.4)(230)(0.688 = 104) = 208.5 x 10* m= 20.85 mm5.18 See the figure below for strain influence factor diagram LayerNo, » 02 I E, (Ib / in) o 6 o .. ® 20 ® 32 Depth below Depth below foundation (ft) foundation (ft) ao "0 20 1740 20-32 1450 0916; C, =1+ 0200 7) = “ es ‘575. S.=O0,G- OEp Are (0.916)(14)(————>- (0.0756) = 2.31 in.5.19 5.20 Average Ng =12 From Eg. (5.46): 2 Allowable dua 4e(22) AS, 4 B B~58;:S,-1in F,= 1+ 0.33(D/B) = 1 +(0.33)G/5) = 1.198 2 ects 2) (1198)(1) © 5.18 kip 8? Eq (656): @,=0.145.21 522 From Figure $29, for = 37°, N, = 43; N, = 60 N, N, From Figure 5.30, for tan @ = 02 and ¢’ = 37°, 7034 04 , , Nye (034)(60) = 20.4; Nag = (0.54)(43) = 23.22 Eq, (5.68): Qs = Nes +h, =(165x ye2322) +L. a6syasx204) = 638.6 N/m? D, . tt = 06. For 6’=37°, FS = 4. Using Figure 5.31 and interpolating, k} = 0.33 From Table 5.11, for k, = 0.33 and @’= 37°, the value of tandiys * 0955.23 3.24 From Eq. (5.69): Seq = 0.174) i sano) org o9(-2 =) = 00047 m = 4,7 mm 1, = (45100) + (3)(122 — 62. 4)+2a20-624 = 450+ 1788+ 288 = 916.8 Ib/ ft? 0, + Act, = 9168 +1686 = 26028 Ib/ A? MO Te, The, a = 000001 jf 208 Me aan 1+07 9168)" 1+07 From Problems 5.23 and 5.7 =91681b/ f? 0, + Ao! = 9168+ 7063 ~ 1623.1 1b/ #2 Sey £0" = QO6V10) 159 16232 _ 90875 f= 1.08 in, 17 9168CHAPTER 6 61 a Eq.(610): Yuaey = 514¢,] 1-2-0 F)] 7 (0195/8) 3)]_ = 514x120) 1+ | 1204(3)]- rier ssa] . (0.195)(20) 62)) 2 (51442500 + 30 p+] = 16,321 Ib/ ft? 62 Average Nig = 10.86 = 11 Nu (, , 933D, 1+— 516 Pad aC) tae * ~Fa{te B () nas] Halt OQ |G) 1am (35)Fates, = (137411 A )=3023 KN/m? 30 63 fone, = 13 741 9( 32) = 37011 ) = 181.4 1 sen? 25. 64 a B=20m;,c,=30KN/m; L =20 m; y= 18.5 KN/ mm : D, = 2 = 48x 1000 EN _ 4 Fa (620: Py = 7°" Gow 2018 5) 49 ™ b. Eq 6.22): S14e, (1+ 28882)(14 2424) F525 A al a (0.195)(20) 06D, 1901+ a (+ 0 ) oe 48 x 10° ae J-s850, 240 - 37D, = 184.27 +3.69D,; Dj 1.37 m 0.195B)(, 94D, 14e, [1 sie,(1+ 7 ue > } 65 Eq. (6.22): FS= Zi 4s FS=2;c,=20kN/ mm’; B = 20m: Q= 48 x 10°KN y= 18.5 kN /m? 0.195x209(, 04D, G1ayaoy(1+ 249520 ( 3 } a= 48x10" 20x20 -185D, 240 - 37D,= 122.85 - 2.48D,; D;=3.39 m66 67 B= 10m; L= 12m; Q = 30,000 KN Eq, (5.70): Ao%= Jiao’ + Ae, +405) Eq, (5.12): m= L/B = 12/10= 1.2 te ™ | (Table 5.3) = 0: 0.81 12 0.81 ( Toxid 30 x 1000 2005 10x12 12 = 0.64 o.sa[ 0.45| ( 10x12 5, = Lh Ing et hee “Tee, a 30x 1000 30x 1000) = 0%, = (16)(4.2) + 2(18 - 9.81) + 2.6(17.5 - 9.81) = 103.58 KN /m? = 105 KN / m’. So o, = 0% (normally consolidated). (03852) 103.58 +1592 = O38)52) jog 10358-41592 S.="Teose 8 —toasa 475 ™ We will need to use Table 5.2 Atthe top of the clay layer: m= Bz~10/4=25 n= Liz=12/4=3 Ao7= 02424,At the middle of the clay layer: m= 10/66 = 1.515 n= 1216.6 = 1818 Ao’, = 0.229, At the bottom of the clay layer: m= 10/9.2 = 1.09 n= 1292=130 Ao4= 0.1899, Ao}, plo: +4A0%, +A0}) = 3 Joe + (4)(0.22) + 0.180] = $4.63 KN/ m? 60x12 CM, +Act, _ (038\52), 10358+5463 2 a OSEIED) |, 1085S +5463 _ Se Tre T+oss 8 jossg_— 7 93m 6.8 — The plan of the mat foundation is shown. Area of the mat = (32'20")(48'20") = 1672.11 ft? c Ft ze |]-—16 ft —-} 16 fr___-]]10in Win 10in.BL =5or 20" )(48' 20")? = 343,727 ft Bl- Bl- LB = é (48'20")(32' 20")? = 157,937 Q = (2)(40) + (3)(60) + (2)(45) + (2)(50) = 450 ton = 900 kip ppl 2" 20°}(80+ 1204 90)+ 46 10")(100 +120+ 90) + 20")100+ 120+80)] = 16655 ft e srige 16655-2220" _ 9 178 ft 1M, = (900)(0.178) = 160.2 kip - 97 = Seal (48 20" (80+ 90+-80) + (24"20")120 + 120+120)+ 20" LOD + 100+ 90)] =246 8 e a246- 82. 0.233 f M, = (900\ (0.233) = 2097 kip - Mx, My 900, 1602x , 20977 1, I, 1672417 187,937 343,727 Eq (624): 9= e = 05328+0.0010143x +000061y AtA: q= 0.5382 + (0.0010143)(16.83) ~ (0.00061)(24.83) = 0.54 kip / f* At B: q= 05382 + (0.0010143)(0) ~ (0.00061)(24.83) = 0.523 kip /#° At C: q = 05382 ~ (0.0010143)(16.83) - (0.00061)(24 83)= 0.506 kip / fe? AtD: q=05382 - (0.0010143)(16.83) + 0 = 0.521 kip / ft AtE: g= 0.5382 - (0.0010143)(16 83) + (0.00061)(24.83) = 0.536 kip / ft At F: qg=05382 +0 + (0,00061}(24 83) = 0.553 kip /ft? At G: q = 0.5382 + (0.0010143)(16.83) + (0.00061)(24.83) = 0.570 kip / ft At H: q= 0.5382 + (0.0010143)(16.83) + 0 = 0.555 kip / ft"Oo, Mx ss 69 Ba. (624 9= A~(16.5)(21.5) = 354.75 mi? 1 pp 4 . ‘ ZBL = + (165,215)? =1 1p = Ty BP = CSAS? = 13,665 m 1 pi 2 r: LB = =8,050 <5 7p e165) m = 350 + (2.400) + 450 + (2)(500) + (2)(1200) + (4)(1500) = 11,000 kN M,=Qe5 = Ai + Dax + Qyx5 +- Q (825\(500 + 1500 + 1500 +500) = | +(1625)(350 + 1200 + 1200 + 450) |=7.814 m +(025\(400 + 1500-+1500+400) e,=x'-2 = 7814-825 0435 mw -044.m Hence, the resultant line of action is located to the left of the center of the mat. So M, = (11,000)(0.44) = 4840 KN - m Similarly ob M,= Qe: 6 =¥-> 2 OVI Oy: +O +... “ Q 1 [wrcssocoos sss ono. antag ] -—_| 1085m 11,000 +(14.25\(1500 + 1500+ 1200) + (21.25X400+500+ 450) y'~£=1085-1075=01 m The location of the line of action of the resultant column loads is shown on the following page.M, = (11,000)(0.1) = 1100 KN -m. So = 11,000 , 4840x , 1100y 35475~ 8050 ~ 13,665 q = 310+ 06x + 0.08y (KN/ m?) AtA: g=31.0 + (0.68.25) + (0.08)(10.75) = 36.81 KN / m? AtB: = 31.0 + (0.6)(0) + (0.08)(10.75) = 31.86 KN / m* At C: q=31.0 - (0.68.25) + (0.08\(10.75) = 26.91 KN / m? At D: g=31.0 ~ (0.6(8.25) ~ (0.08)(10.75) = 25.19 KN / m* At E: q=31.0-+(0.6)(0) ~ (0.08)(10.75) = 30.14 KN /m* At KF: g=31.0 + (0.6)(8.25) - (0.08)(10.75) = 35.09 KN / m* 6.10 Determination of Shear and Moment Diagrams for Strips: Strip AGHF:35.95 KN /m? Average soil pressure = 94, = Yaa) + Font) = Total soil reaction = g,,.B; L = (35.95\(4.25X21.50) = 3285 kN load soil reaction + column loads _ 3285+3800 fon soll renetion * coturnn fonds _ 2285 3800 Average load = = 35425 kN So, modified average soil pressure, =, (35425) _ 35425) _ 2 Commcea ~ on (S22 ) @s9s( a ) 38.768 KN / 1m’ The column loads can be modified in a similar manner by multiplying factor 35425 3800 = 09322 Figure (a) shows the loading on the strip and corresponding shear and 1 diograms. Note that the column loads shown in this figure have been multiplied by F'= 0.9322. Also the Joad per unit length of the beam is equal to B, Qacunisa) (4.25)(38 768) = 164.76 kN/m. S1280N 130836kN —ASGBS6KN7RBDEN 025 n| 925m Tm. Tm. Im. A F 164 7BKN/e ‘Shear (anit: EN) uazs7 varst 515 315 ‘Moment (unit: kN-m) poe s2055 (@) Suip AGHFStrip GIJH: In a similar manner Mei FF eae _ 3186 +3014 7 2 ~ 2 =310kN/m* q Total soil reaction = (3 1)(8)(21.5) = $332 KN Total column load = 4000 KN Average load = BRe ine = 4666 KN The load, shear, and moment diagrams are shown in Figure (b). 583 954N IMG 75kN 1749 7610 588.95 4A e254 qe a 21TKN/m ‘990 47 ie: 529 54.256 Shear (unit: LN) 54956 320 one 900.17 (b) Strip GUH‘Strip ICDJ: Figure (c) shows the load, shear, and moment diagrams for this strip. 9024 kN 1046 44 kN 1046 44 kN 9052 kN 0.25 ml 10.25 m 7 7 ew 7m: ¢ D 1298 kN/m 348.65 410 81 360.15 406 406 Moment (unit: kN-m) 28995 ude 19 (© Strip ICDI Determination of the Thickness of the Mat: For this problem, the critical section for diagonal tension shear will be at the column carrying 1500 KN of load at the edge of the mat [Figure (4)]. So ~(05+4)+(05+4}+(05ray=1s+24 U= b.d(9X034)\F2] U = (1.7)(1500) = 2550 kN = 2.55 MN 2.55 = (15+2d)(d)[(085)(0.34)V207 or (15+ 2d\d) = 194; d=068mAssuming a minimum cover of 76 mm over the steel reinforcement and also assuming that the steel bars to be used are 25 mm in diameter, the total thickness of the slab is h= 0.68 + 0.076 + 0.025 = 0.781 m = 0.8m The thickness of this mat will satisfy the wide beam shear condition across the three strips under consideration. Determination of Reinforcement: From the moment diagram shown in Figures (a), (b), and (6), it can be seen that the maximum positive moment is located in strip AGHF, and its magnitude is 172757 _ 172757 B, 425 M's = 4065 kN -m/m Similarly, the maximum negative moment is located in strip JCDJ and its magnitude is 1196.19 _ 1196.1 B, 425 From Eq, (6.35): M, = (Af")load factor) = 94, fa - 3) =2815kN-m/m For the positive moment, M, = (4065)(L7) = (6)( 4,413.7 x soon oss $=09. Also, fiom Eq. (6.36): Ady (ANAT) = 23514,; or A, =0. ~ 085/26 ~ (asy207)qy ~ 729145 oF 4, ~ 00425a |; ora = 00645 691.05 = (0.9)(0.0425a)(41 3.700)(0 68- soe) So, A, = (0.0425)(0.0645) = 0.00274 m? / m= 2740 mum? /m Use 25-mm diameter bars at 175 mm center-to-center [4 provided = (491 (22)- 28057 mm? / | Similarly, for negative reinforcement M, = (2815)(1.7) = (#4, (4137 1000{ o6e iS ‘) $=0.9 4,~0.0425a. So47855 = (09)(0.0425a)(4137 x 1000,( 088 ke uehsa : orax 0045 So, 4, = (0.045)(0.0425) = 0.001913 m?/ m= 1913 mm*/m Use 25-mm diameter bars at 175 mm center-to-center [A, provided = 1924 mm] Because negative moment occurs at midbay of strip JCDJ, reinforcement should be provided. This moment is 289.95 425 = 6822 KN-m/m Mi= Hence, M, = (6822117) = (09(00425a)4137 x 1000068 ~ 2922e) ora 00108 A, = (0.0108)(0.0425) = 0 000459 m / m= 459 mm? /m Provide 16-mm diameter bars at 400 mm center-to-center (A, provided = 502 mm?}, For general arrangement of the reinforcement see Figure (e) Top steel Bottom steet Top steel ‘Additional top steel ss in strip ICDJ (not to scale) © 611 Eq (6.45): kn =14.91b/ in?612 B=30f;L=70f Eq (648): & From Problem 6.11, kg.» ~ 14.9 Ib /in? 49] 1+05{%2) ke —_b_A01) 15 6.13 From Eq (6.48): 140%) Kinan 1A] _135_, Fisasy kaer[rof%) 135 =12.11b/ in?CHAPTER 7 71 K,=(1-sing’(OCRy**= (1 — sin302)"° = 0.707 Atz=0f: o4=0 Atz=12f: 0% = K,0% = (0.707)(108 « 12) = 916.27 Ib/ f?; u =0 So from Eq. (75): P= (4}o162702) = 5497.5 Ib /ft Foy=4h = 3 72 K,=(1—sin35)(1.5)""* = 0.538. Eq. (7.5): P,=P+P, = aK. HahyIPK, = (20(0538)(3.5) +a 82)(35)?(0538) = 37.66 +59.97 = 97.63 KN/m 2(Z)-2(2 Fe N2 A < (37.66)(1.75) + (59.97)(.167) =139m P 97.63 713° K,=1-sin34=0.44 Atz=Om: 04=K,0%=(0.44)(20)=8.8 KN/m? Atz=2m: 04 = (0.44)[20 + (2)(15.5)] = 22.44 KN/ mr; w= 0 Atz=Sm: 0% =(0.44)[20 + (2)(15.5) + G)(18.5 — 9.81)] = 33.91 KN/ a? u= (3)Q.81) = 29.43 KN / mi?88 oy (KN / my a ¥(KN/m) z(m) Py =A, + Ay +Ay Ag tds = 17.6 + 13.64 + 67.32 + 17.21 + 44.15 = 159.92 kN/m 7.64) + (13.69)3.67) + (67.3215) +07 21K) + 44.15) _ 9 77 my 159.92 . z= 74 a x, = un (45-$ K.=1; 6=0 The pressure distribution diagram is similar to that shown in Figure 7.5c. Atz=Oft: — 9,=-2cVK, = -(2)(500)(1) = - 1000 Ib / ft? Atz=18ft: 9, = y2K,~2eVK, = (120)(18)(1)— 1000 = 1160 Ib / fe 2c __ (2500) bE A ae = = = 8.33 ft & Ba 09): 267 Te Caoydy © Before crack: Eq. (7.10): 2 = put k, 2001 JR, =( oan) cy @xs0008,) = 1440 lb/ftAfter crack: Eq. (7.12): t= nh, - ~2fK,) -ias ~833){(18)(120)(1) —(2)(500)(1)] = $608 Ib /ft 758 Eq.(7.12): 1 = 2c" P, [a= 9 Ti |, - VK.) x, =tan'(45-£) = wan 45-3 2). 039; XK, =0625 if 7 OES |e 91030050 ~(2(15(0625)] 2 =513 Gr9yoe2s) = Fosis\aa%s — 18.75) = 45.64 KN/m 76 K,= san (4s-24) 0283 = K,0/,~ (0.283)(20) = 5 66XN/ ms w= 0 Atz~Om: Atz=2m: — g,=(0.283)[20 + (2)(15.5)] = 14.43 KN/m?; u=0. Atz=5m: — g, = (0.283)[20 + (2)(15.5) + 3(18.5 - 9.81)] = 21.81 KN/ m? u=(3)(9.81) = 29.43 KN /m The pressure diagram is shown on the next page.5.66 0' (KN / m*) u(KN/m?) 0 z(m) P,= Ay + y+ Ay+Aytdy =iL 32+, @yaaas - 5.66) + (14.43)() +3, G)QL 81 - 14.43) +4943) = 1132 +877 + 43.294 1107 + 44.15 =118.6 KN/m p= 0132)(4) + 8.77161) + a2 + (LOT) +4410) 4 67m 17 =385 Kay = tso2(4s - #) = wax?(4s-34) = 0.283 HH 2Fs Key = tan?(45- 4) = tant 45-125) = 0406, Raq = 0637 Atz=Oft 7-0 Atz=82ft (toplayer): 0 = 712K,q) = (1078-20283) = 248.3 Tb / Atz=82 fi (bottom layer): 0% = 742K yx -2c3 {Keay = (107¥(82)(0.406) — (2(209)(0.637) = 35622 ~26627 = 89.95 Tb/ fi? Atz=23 ft: of=[(107\8.2) + (140 —62.4)(14 8)](0.406) — (2)(209\(0.637) = 822.5 - 266.27 = 556.23 Ib/w= (62.4)(14.8) = 923.5 Ib/ ‘The pressure diagram follows: og (Ib / 7) u (Ib / £2) 2 (f) P, = Area of pressure diagram 1 +243 +4 = 1018 + 1331 + 3450 + 6834 = 12,633 Ib/ ft = 12.6 kip/ ft 78 a $=32;a=5°K,~ 0311 (Table 7.1). o,=ysK, Atz=2m: — o/= (2)(18.2)(0311)= 11.32 KN / mi? Atz=4m: 04 = 22.62 KN/m? Atz=6m: 0 = 33.96 KN/m?* Atz=7.5m: 0, = 42.45 KN/m? b. Py= 5 PK, = 5 (18.2(7.5)(O.311)= 159.2 KN /m i z ga 2” firsing® _ (2250) [iFsin2s _ ¢ g, 79 Eq. (724): 3, == fame e jee 6.82 ft710 TL Atre22 250) 9.099% 01 2” G15)22) For $= 25°,a= 10°. From Table 7.2, K,=0.296 So Atz=22 A 0% yz K,cosa=(115)(22)(0.296)c0s10 = 737 5 Ib/ A? (737.5)(22 - 6 82) = $598 Ib / ft a. Eq. (7.25): Py= 3 K.yH*. 5°/p"= 2030 = 2/3; a = 10°; B= 85°; f’ = 30° Table 7.4: K, = 0.3857 P.=5 (0:3857)(105)(12 = 2916 b/ ft ‘Acts at a distance of 4 ft from the bottom of the wall inclined at an angle of 20° to the normal drawn from the back face of the wall 1b 519" 15/30= 1/2; a = 20%; B= 85°. Table 75: K,= 0.4708 P, 4(0.4708,105 129 = 3559 Ib /ft Acts at a distance of 4 ft from the bottom of the wall inclined at an angle of 15° to the normal drawn to the back face of the wall Eq. (729): Poe =5 YEO —b)K, For k,= 0.2, /g' 2/3, = 30°, a = 10°, and f= 85°, K, 0.454 (Eq, (7.30)} Pue=4 (18 2S ~0}(0.454)= 108.3 KN / Eq (725). Ped KH? For 3/’= 2/3, p = 30°, a = 10°, B= 85°, K, = 0.3857 (Table 7.4) P,-40.3857V18. 25) = 87.8 EN/ m AP, = 1033-878 =15.5kN/mEq, (7.33): O6H(AP.,)+ Fee (06 \(5)(155) +(3)e7m 2 1033 = 187m 7.13. Fora frictionless wall, 6°= 0; hence, m = 1 (Eq. (7.40)]. For rotation about the top, fiom Eq. (7.41) (2) =y tan®( 45-22) --__ 9? _ 5G) = 7 tan’ (4s aah? z #) 2 With y= 16 KN /m?, 6’= 30°, and H= 6 m, the following table can now be prepared 2 | 2, @)-top | 02@)-bottom | 0, @)rxisee (in| &N/m) | &N/m) (N/m) 15 16.01 8 12.01 3.0 20.59 16 18.30 45 18.50 24 21.23 60 12.64 32 22.32714 a = a0r(45+ G=0;K,= Atz=Oft: g,=0,K,+2eVK, = 0 + (2)(500X(1) = 1000 ib /ft* Atz=18 ft: 9, = (120)(18\(1) + (2\(500)(1) = 2160 + 1000 = 3160 tb / fe The pressure diagram is similar to Figure 7.21 b. Eq. (7.47): P, <3 YHPK, + 2cHVK, = 5 (120\118)') + (2)(500)(18)(1) = 19,440 + 18,000 = 37,440 Ib / ft? 2) 3) _ (18,000)(9) + (19,400)(6) ~ 37,440 TAS Kg = tar?| = tant(45 + 19) = 4.2; Kya) = tan(45 + 12.5) = 2.463; A Koay = 157 Atz=0: 0%=0 Atz=8 ft (in first layer): = 7, 2Kp.y)~ (110)(8.0)(4 2) = 3696 Ib / = 3.7 kip / ft? Atz=8 fi (in bottom layer): 0, = 72K, y)+ 2c} Vg, = (110)(8)(2 463) + (2)(209)(1.57) = 2824 Ib/ ft? = 2.82 kip/ ft? Atz=24 ft: 02 = [(110)(8) + (140 - 62.4)(16)](2 463) + (2)(209)(1 57) = 5882 lb/ft? ~ 5.88 kip / 10 = (16)(62 4) = 998.4 Ib/ ft =0.998 kip / A‘The pressure distribution diagram is shown below a’, (kip / fe) u (kip / 2) 2 (ft) 2(f) P, = Area of pressure diagrams 1+2+3+4= 148+ 45.12 +24.48 +7.98 =92.38 kip / ft 716 Kyy)= tars + 14) =2.77; VR = 1.664; K,q)= 2.04; VRE Gy = 1.428 2c VE ay = 2)(350}(1 664) = 1164.8 Ib/ A = 1.165 kip / Atz=82R(intop ayer): §— 0% = N2Kyqy +204 Row = (1078.22.77) + (2)(350)(1.664) = 3595.2 Ib/ fi? = 3.6 kip /? Atz=82 ft (in bottom layer): 0% = (107)(8.2\(2.04) + (2)(100)(1.428) = 2075.5 Ib/ f= 2.1 kip/f? ALz=2Z ft: 0, = [(107\(8.2) + (125 - 62.4)(14.8)](2 04) + (2)(100)(1.428) = 3965.5 Ib / f? = 3.96 kip / = (62.4 14,8) = 923.52 Ib/#? ~ 0.923 kip / fFThe pressure diagram is shown. 1,165 op (kip / f) u (kip / ft) 0923 =) 2(f) P, =A, +4,+4y=30 165 + 3.6482) +3. 1+3.96)(14 8) +304 8)(0.923) = 7121 kip / ft 1 717 Pe qrHiK, P= 35°; 5 10°; '/6= 10/35 = 0.286; K,= 4.84 (Figure 7 26) Paarl, $165K4)* (4.88) = 638.88 KN /m 718 Eq (7.56): Pa [SPW Kole 20°; @= 40°; G/6= 05; K,=0; K,=02. From Figure 728, K, qq = 8.73 tt 2 pel as Il: Jasiay 6 mio = 1338 kN/ imCHAPTER 8& 81 — Refer to the diagram. Table 7.1. 6 =34°; a= 10°; K,= 0.294 (2181)?(117)(0.294) 1000 (HN YK sue kip/tt P, =P, sintO° = 1.42 kip/ ft P, = P,cosl0" = 8.06 kip / ft Refer io the table on the next pageMoment arm Section Weight Rome. ee (kip /) ®) (kip-ft / #) 1 (L518) 7) = 4.05 575 23.29 2 Y(1.O18)( 7.) = 1.35 4+ %A(1) = 4.67 3 (12.52. 757.) = 5.156 ee 4 | EHP09 or1m=1301 | 4425+8-95 | 1236 524.986 aaa 8.06 Me 625 zy ( ig &)- a 4 (D(0.464) & = 244 kip/ ft B) 125 125 Jp 244i B= 125-(2X(0.464)= 115720 SN FeaFu+ GN, Fou Fy 5 1B Ny FyaFy From Table 3.3, for j= 18°, N, = 13.1; N,= 5.26; N, Fy =1+04 =1138 ane (asa)806 tan’ (3852) = 17.88" @= (4)(0.110) = 0.44 kip / #* 4 Fa = = ie 1402(-45) 1107 : r,-(1-2288)' <0 18 Ge = O.8\(13.1)(1.138)(0.642) + (0.44)(5.26)(1.107)(0.641) + 0=9.3 kip / = 223 2381 Ge. 244 FSeceiw) 82 Referto the diagramTable 7.1. fj = 36°; a= 5°; K, = 0.262 (25.45)? (110)(0.262) CIYK, =5 a = 929 kip/ ft P,=P,sins* = 0.813 kip/ ft P,= P,cos5' = 9.29 kip/ ft Refer to the table Note: y, = 0.15 kip/f? Moment arm ‘Moment Section Weight fiom C about C kip /) (tt) (kip-ft / 2) 1. @MeAWI=33 6.25 2063 2 YA(1.25\22M(y.) = 2.063 | 4.5-+34(1.25) = 5.33 u 3 (14. 75\(2-75)(¥,) = 6.086 7378 44.87 FAP 1 aos 1)=1967 P,=0.813 4.54225 a = 10.75 Ma ae - 02558) = 7881 kip-ft 299.94 PS ceniy = 224 = 3.81 pa tretSpell GL oien(2 x 1s}+a4 19(3 1.0) 929 eof EME ==M, = 7375-22 = 045 ft mV B) 1475| 1475 é $) i sth 4 LDOAS) |] 256 kin 8°B= B-2e = 14.75 -(2)(0.45) = 13.85 Ge C3 NeFegFat ON, Pye Fy + 2 YBN FyaPy For obi = 15°, N, = 10.98; N, = 394; N,.2.65 £, =1404(—4 Jans 929 7 = (?2)- 1622 ano ap ef{i¥) af1-12)) 5 ten t(icd)“(-AB] 00 q= (40.12) = 0.48 kip / A? 4 1622)" =1+0294) —— | = 1085; =[1- = —— (ass) el ( 3) . 4. = (1.0)(10.98)(1.115)(0.672) + (0.48)(3.94)( 1.085)(0.672) + 0 = 9.606 kip / = 9G FS camo =F = 356 7 378 83 K,~026;H’=73m p=} VOLP K, =3-(18 0897.30.26) = 12525 KN/m P,7 125.25 KN / oy P,=0 ‘Moment Section ‘Weight arm from C about C (KN /m) (@) (kN-m/m) (03)6 Sy) = 4598 [084034015125] 5748 YO.3)(6.5\(¥_) = 22.99 GAORAD=6414 4 (6.5(2)(18.08) = 235.04 564.1 $368.15 £753.5208mm f¢— 20m—} M,= «2525(72) = 304.78 kN-m 753.52 FSieunnine " 3oqg 7247 6s 19)ta{(2}09)]+ @(2}o0) FS coy =——— 2 9 1.06, 12525 34 _ 75352-30478 368.15 _ 368157, (0481) 5 are [x gasp 20019 KN / m' = 0481 m B =B~-2e=3.4 - 2)(0.481)=2.438m G27 03N. Pea Fs + GN, FyaPy +h BM, FyFy 1s 15 =14+0415_)- 1246, F, = tsa) us faint (es) AS: deme nas) matent 12528) “tan (Gass 187% 13.79) 18.79)" =F, =| 1-——] = 0626; =| 1--——| = Fy «(1 <2) 66, =( 2) 0.064 g. = (30)(10.98)(1.246)(0.626) + (1.5)(19 65)(3.94)(1..181)(0.626) +has 65)(2.438)(2.65)(1)(0.064) = 346.85 KN / mi? 346.11 _ 34685 FS ctu OSS igs bi Gna 20019 84 — Refer to the figure P= 325H'= 68m K,= tan'(45- 2) = 0307 =1171 kN/m Refer to the table Section Weight (N/m) 1 Fen.) =14148 377 533.38 {2 ONGKY) = 84.89 28 237.69 [3 141.48 1.83 258.9 4 (5.85)(0.8)( y.) = 110.35 2.925 3228 Faxes) =99 443 438.57 (0.75X6(16.5) = 74.25 405.52 5651.45 2196.86Mo 42 (Shur = 2654 KN -m/m EM, _ 219686 _ FSconemnee = Fag” 2654 = 8.28 24), (2 EV tal = 4; |+(Z Jes _ 65145) ant46)+(3 5 }0Ks8s) FSaeo = — zp 74 ~ 17042-4156 _ 5 49 Tra) 85 From Table 7.4, for $j = 32°, a = 0; 8 =7157°; K, = 045; 6 =2133° #2 Be $065 (68)°(045) = 17167 N/m Py = 17167 c09(2133 + 18.43) = 13197 KN / m P, = 17167 sin(2133 + 18.43) = 1098 kN/m Refer to sections in the figure shown for Problem 8.4= aa (KN /m) (an) 77 28 925 506.29 1859.06 Mo = 2Z-asion{ Z)=29 13KN-m/m _ 1859.06 _ FStoenid) = "39513 ~ 6? Ev ia( 24) (2:2 i (588 tant4.66)+(2) 40x85 FS, 2 =235 — PB 13197 86 — Refer to the figure Gi = 35° y= 11S Ibs by = 25° y~ 120 b/ 65 = 800 Ib / H+ —p te he 1st If ist 2ftK= =1an' (45-42) = (45-28) ~ 027 1 2, = LH K, = LC 15414)? (027) = 3042.9 1b/ fe» 3.043 kip/ A Moment Area Weight ‘Moment arm from C about C (kip /t) ) (kip-ft/ ) 1 Honan = 09 15+2()= 217 1.953 2 C.S)U2) = 2.7 15+140.75=3.25 3 Leary y=4s 154141545 =567 ye 3 4 anexy)=33 itess 18.15 sin 5 Fouiayoriy=345 15+ 1415426) =733 2529 6 (2)(12)(0.115) =2.76 15+ 1415454 £17.61 0.00 Mo = Hn «( #2049 «142 tpn _ 10728 ronnie) = “155 an _zren(o:) +9(3} + —Reosa FS, =755 87 b= 6 f:a’=5 fi; g=2000 Ib/ ft Zz 1O%m=yz| 2 | Ne |on= ee oe) ft) | dbf) | apr | cbs) 7B) Ss 525 0.416 | 1000* 10 1050 0.833 | 666.7" ine? 1s | 1575 [125 | 5405* 21158 20 | 2100 {157 | 4762» 2876.2 “Eq, (8.25); "Eq, (8.26)046) (04\(6) S14 = 0543. So use M= 10 ora ~*~ [oiaya0y ~ 94 Soe 88 Eq. (829): M=14- Refer to Figure 8.24 pwns) eo) =a (3) -ar(6) ann (St) fe (2) u(t gle (2) ner (S) Zz 22 z 2 z zh K, = tan"(45 - 15) = 1/3; 7; = 105 Ib / f°; g = 2000 Ib/ f? z Kr] @ | P = Fay * acy cc) (ib /.#) (deg) | Geg) |_(b/f) (ib / #) 5 175 57.87 | 15.36 487.7 662.7 10 350 39.35 | 16.77 193.1 5343.1 Is $25 29.03 | 1445 155.3 680.3 20 700 22.76 | 12.11 812 781.2 "Eq. (8.28) 89 8 , stan [45-) = tni(a5-38 2827 (HK,S/SiTFS on] _ (11993002823) _ 9 263 in Eq, (8.39): r= wh, = (4.75)(38,000) b. Eq (838) Atz=0, Le a5 #) + BS SuKon) 2 (2wian $))2) = (30) tan(45 —17) + 2O282DOKY) _ 43,59 ($2 Joana 810 a Check for overturning: P, = 5 ndPK, = 5(119)(30°)(0 2827) = 15,138.5 Ib/ ftM,=P.2°= 513852) = 151985 Ib-ft~ 1514 kip-ft/ fi L= 43.52 ft L LB (43.52) Ba. (B41 M, = City (Z)= a (Z)- Comexesee = 3,380,773 Ib- ft = 3381 kip- ft / ft 3381 FScenman = T5p4 72233 a i9xc0x4952)1{(3 15,1385 7 b. Check for bearing capacity: 3 = 25°. From Table 3.3, N, = 20.72; Ny = 10.88 gam ON+3 HLM, L_ My~Mo _4352__3381-1514___ yoy g 2 2 (30(4352\(0119) L’= 43.52 ~2 ¥ 0.97) =41.58 e= 4. (650)(20.72) + (116)(41.58)(10 88) = 13,468 + 26,238 6 = 39,706 6 Ib / A? Oem = HH (219)30) = 3570 Ib / 8 39,7066 FSeutgemany = SaaS = ML HK, Sy Sy) FSca) & J _ 11924 0282743)(4 3) _ exsiee, Bll a te wi. Rakeo) 4) FS SySa(K) (3X02827K 3X4) = ~ £1.) Seah = 17) + DOZRTGKS) bL real 45 a) Gremg lod PONE LID rare 5 nee = 40.33 ftB12 j= 30% K, = tan(45 — 30/2) = 0.333 Eq. (8.48): =—_*2 Sy 2K |F Sc olhfis 6 pus Boe Sr Ars H=6m: 8, = eee 0536 m = = _ 6 (0.336)(0333)0.5) ‘Atz = 0 (maximum length): a (Zan) 3 = 3474023=3.7m LFS] _ (0336033909) _ 9115 m 7 --Use 1 m 4330) 8.13 Check for overturning: zB = $.059)(6)*(0333) = 953 EN /m Mo = PE =1906kN-m/m Use L=3.7 forall depths 2 2 My tty Le coussya* = 653 KN-m/m 653 ~ 853 3.43 FS covataning) 1906 Check for sliding: HL ) Sa = WSORTOD _ 135 2 xCheck for bearing capacity: For ¢/= 20°, from Table 3.3, N, = 14.83; N, = 5.39 L_Mp-My 37653-1906 _ “27 Sy 2 Gs9K637) Oo ™ L’ =L-2e=3.7 ~ (2)(0.54)=2.62m Quan =O3N, dren, = 6590483) +2 068,2.62)539) = 9343 KN/m* 9343 FS precios csc) = aK =9.19 Note: FS against sliding is below acceptable values, so increase L to about 8 m.CHAPTER 9 | 91 a Refer to Figure 9.7 in the text. L,= 4m; 1,=8m Y= 1O.LKN /m s %= 18.2 KN/ my; f= 32° y'=182-981=839KN/m K, = tan? (4s-2)- 0307; K,= tan?( 4s + O%.= YL, K, = (16.1(4\(0.307) = 19.77 KN / 4 = (yl, + ¥°L,)K. = (16.194) + (8 39)(8)](0.307) = 40 38 KN / m? 4038 a 2932550307) ™ L, B =Fu9 TN) + (819.77) + $08)(4038 - 19.77) +31 63)(4038) = 39.54 + 158.16 + $2.44 + 32.91 =313.05KN /m 4 8 P= (3959{963 +4) + (158.16)(5.63) + (82. 44(ss + 5) +(P>\ox2 91) 0% = (Wy + 7'L)K, + 7°15 (K,-Ke) = [(16.1)(4) + (8 39)(8)]3 255) + (8.39)(1.63)(2.948) = 468.4 KN / mt 468.4 4. @39(2.948) ~ 18.94__8)G13.05) 2 (839)(2.948) — [9(313.05)[(2)(547)(8.39)(2.948) + 468.4] _ Ae (839)? (2.948)? = 226894 _ B13.05){(6)(5.47)(468.4) + (4)(313.05)} _ A= (839)? (2.948) “es = 10125 Ti+ 18.9413 - 101.2513 ~ 2268942, - 8507.44 = 0; Z,= 11.68 m D=L;+ L,= 1.63 + 11.68 1331 m b. Total length = 4 + 8 + (1.3)(13.31) = 29.3 m 2P (231305) re (2? _ [1305 PVR) V63992.988) > ™ May = P(Z+ 2)-E7'2UK, -K,) = (313051547 +5) -2(839XS5) (2948) = 2762 KN-m /m 92 a Referto Figure 9.7 =tan?{ 45-2) = tan? (45-15) = , =tani(4s ) tan’ 45-15) => =033% K, =tan?(45415)=3 o} = 7K, = (7 sat) = 173 KN/m? 0} =(h +7L)K, =[07 393) +094—981V6)}4 = 3648 KN fs? Ca 3648 7'(K,-K,) (194—981)2.667) Ly = 1426 m P= Areas of 1 +2 +344 =25.95 + 103.8 +5754 +26.01=2133kN/mz= 259S{BA26)H1038)(4.426) + (5754)(3426) + (26011095) 2133 218.65 +4594 + 197.13 + 24. 333 422m Eq. (9.11): 05 = (ply + YL2)K, + ¥Ly(K,—K) = (17.3 x3 + 9,59 x63) + (9.59)(1.426)(2.667) = 364.79 KN / ni? 364.79 Ea.9.10: 41=G5qyaen 47° 4, = 213) _ Ea. (9.18); “= (5992667) _ DATII)I(2)(4.22)(9.59)(2.667) + 364.79) Bq. (9.19): 4 (959) (2.667) =e 213:3{(6)(4.22)(364.79) + (4)(2133)} _ (9.59)°(2.667)" = 5290 Eq. (9.20): 4 = Eq. (9.16): LE + 14.2623 - 66.7222 - 1136L, - 3290=0;L,-9 m D=1,+ 1,7 1426+9 = 10.43 m b. Total length = 3 + 6 + (1.3)(10.43) = 22.56 m . an [ —2P __ [ @@133)_ © Ba 92D: *= Ie KR ~VR567V959) Eq. (9.22): Manx = (213.3422 + 4.08) [3 (959)(408)?(2. oon |(4* ) = 1770.39 ~ 28958 = 1480.9 KN-m/m 93 K,=tan'(45 — 175) =0.271; K,=(45 + 17.5)=3.69Eq. (924): 0% = YLK, = (108)(15)(0.271) = 439.02 Ib/ LK, _ (150271) K,-K, 369~ o271 188 Eq. (9.28): Eq, (9.29): pat otk Oy Ly= 3(439.029(158) + 3 (439.02)(1 189) = 3292.65 + 261 = 3553.65 Ib/ LCK, + K,) _ 1120271) +369] are Fa (930: 7° SOK) 369-0271) Eq (927): 05 = yLK,+ yL(K,~K,) = (108)(15)(3.69) + (108)(1.189)(3.69 - 0.271) = 5977 8 + 439 =6416 8 Ib/ it? Eqs. (9.32) to (9.35): =o) HGR ~ (K,—K) (108X369 -=0271) ums =—_8P_____ (8355365) WK, —K,) (1083690271) = 7699 PK, = (91BSS3.65)[(2)(6.19)(1083.69 - 0271) + 64168) Beas = 171834 P(GZ05 +4P) _ (355365)[(6X61964168) + (4)(3553.65)] 8195 PU, -K 6925 = A= Eq. (9.31): L4+ 17.38L} - 76.9913 - 1718341, — 6581.95 = 0; L, = 10.7 ft Doeocy ~ Ly + Ly = 1.189 + 10.7 = 11.9 ft Maximum Moment: Similar to Eq. (9.21):2P - | (3553.65) 7 \ae Koy “V 36928 4998 Man = PE +2')- § HEV, ~ KD = (3553.65\6.19 + 4.39) -Z0008\4 39PG.69 — 0.271) = 37,597.6 ~ 5,206.7 = 32,391 Ib-ft / ft £ : 94 k, = tmn'(4s-£) ann K,=3 9%, = LK, = (16.7)(3)(0.333) = 16.68 KN / mi? = —EKe _ _ 30333) _ 457 ar Paloh+hosL, = }(16.68)3 + 0.375) =28.15 KN/m LOK, - (2K, ~ Kp) _ (3X 0666+ 3) _ 1375 m 3K, — Ka) 2.667) 0% = LK, + LAK, — K) = (16.7933) + (16 7(0.375)(2.667) = 1503 + 16.7 = 167 KN/ nt PE 18 __ wig 7K, ~K,) (672.667) =— 8? 5 BID) s0s6 1K, —K,) (167)(2.667) iim SPI2EY(K, ~ Ka) +05] _ (281 5[2\1375)(16.72.667) + 167] _ 94 65 0K = Ka? [06726677 " PGE +4P) _ (28.15)[(6X 1.375167) + (4X28.15)] _ 2115 7K, -KY [0672667 ~ 4 A A= Li +3.75L3 - 5.0561} — 24.65L,—21.15 = 0; Z,= 28m Deeory = Ey + Ly = 0.375 + 2.8 =3.175 m= 3.18 mIP. CNRS) VG, - Koy "V@es767 71? ™ Mau = PE*2)~2 Kz WK, ~ K) = (28.15)(1.375 +1 12) £06 7\1.12)(2.667) = 70.23 — 10.43 = 59.8 kKN-m /m 95 a Refer to the following figure: a’, = 12.56 KN/m? op 4 7 = 188.13 KN/ m? =tan?{ 45-2" 2(45—15) = 2 x, =tan'[45 “) tan?(45—15) = 5 K, ~tan?(4s 2) tnt snis)=3 01 = 1, Ka= (1S.N124)p = 12.56 KN / a? 5 = (Ly + Y/La) = 105.024) + (173 — 9.81)(4.6)}2 = 24.04 KN / mi? 5.07 + 57.78 + 26.4 = 99.25 KN/m P, = Areas of 1+2+3 (1507\5.4}+ (57 78)(2.3) + (26: a= 2567 m 99.25ACR +12c%) : D[4e- 4] = ~~ Bq (0.44): Ditde= (rh, +1'LN-2DR- Ty 2 99.25199.25 + 12(292.567)} 7213+(2(29) D*[(4(29)-7213]- 299.25) - 43. 87D? -198.5D - 757 =0; D=7m b. Length of sheet pile=2.4 + 4.6+1.4(7) = 16.8 m ©. Eq (9.38): 9, =4e-(W, +L) = (4Y(29) - [(15.)(2 4) - (17.3 - 9.81)(4.6)] = 43.87 KN / at AL 9925 Eq. (9.45): 2 e sear 226m og’? (4387(2.26)” 2 Moa = PZ! +2,)- = (9925)(2.26 +2567) - = 479.08 — 112.04 = 367.04 KN -m /m of the wall 96 a. K,=tan'(45—18)=0.26 07, = yl, K, = (108\('5)(0.26) = 140.4 th / 0% = (yL, + ¥/L)K, = [(108)(5) + (60)(10)]0.26 = 296 4 Ib / ft? P, =} (5)(140 4) + (140.4)(10) + 5. (10)0296 4 ~ 140.4) =351 + 1494 + 780 = 2535 Ib/ Rt asn(i0+ é + as00xs +cm( 2) : 3 3 3 in POR +1208) _ Gh, +7E,)+26 2535[2535 + (12541X800)] (108 x 5 +60 x 10) + 1600 Di[te~ (yh, +¥'L,)]-2DR, - D?[3200— (108 x 5 +60 x 10)] - 2D(2535)-.DP-246D-2446=0; D=6.4 ft b. Length of sheet pile = 5 + 10 + 1.4(6.4) = 23.96 ft = 24 ft © O6= (YL, + ¥L,) = 3200- (540 + 600) = 2060 Ib / A x 2535 1A - 3535 age Go, 2060 Muu = P(e" +%) — = 2535(1.234541) (2060)1.23) 2 = 15,274 Ih-fe/ fe 97 K,=tanX45 — 97/2) = tan%{45 — 35/2) = 0.271 Eq. (9.50): P= } 71K, = 5 (16)4)(0.271) = 34.69 KN /m #=L (3743-133 m PUB + 12cz,) : D? (40-1) - atte) Eq, (9.52): D? (4¢—yL)-2DP, Tar 1-=0 34.69[34.59 + (12(45)(1.33)) DAC 45)— 46)(4)] — 69) — [(4 « 45) — (16)(4)] — 2)(D)34.69) (16K4) + O85) 116D - 69.38D — 169.6 = 0 D=16m Bq. (9.54): Mug = P(2’ +3, 76> 4e~ YL (4 * 45) — (16 x 4) = 116 KN / mi? F. 3489 0209 m= 03m Fa O55 2 =F = HE 2 Maw = 34.69\133+03) - oes” = 5654-522 = 51.32 KN-m/m98 a Refer to the figure. f= 34° oy = 19.244 KN / m* K, tan'([45- £) = 0283; K, tan’ (45 (= yh, K, = (17(4)(0.283) = 19.244 KN / nt Of = (7h, + YL)K, = [(17)(4) + (19 -9.81)(9)](0 283) = 42.65 KN / mi? p= 4265___ 42.65 * 7K, —K,) (9.19)(8254) P= Area of 1+2+3+4 = 38.49 + 173.2 + 105.33 + 30.49 = 347.51 KN/m = 143m z= Sloss 1.76) + (1732)(593) + (10533)(4.43) + (30.49)(0.95)] = 568 m Eq, (9.58): _ SPL +L, +)- E41) BAISL(h ty +h) hee G)B47SN[(4-+9 + 143) ~ (568+2)) _ 4 E1532 +9+143)— RIGzD2+ 18.645 13 - 235.32 = 0;L,= 33m DH3341,-334143-4.73 b Eq. (9.56): of= ' (K,- KL, = (9. 193.254)(3.3) = 98.68 KN / mi? ‘The pressure distribution diagram is shown in the figure. © Eq (957): FHP- 517 (K—K)LA]= 347 51-5 (0.1993 2549337) = 184.68 KN / 99 Dyess = (13\ Pheer) = (1-34-73) = 6.15 m For zero sheat, use Eq (9.60): }. 0(L)~F+ of(e-L,) +4K, le- Ly? Letz-L,=x iE, P+ ofx+hK, ye=0 ro (19.2448) — 184,68 + 19.244u +3 (0.283)9.19} = 0 x? +14.8x— 112.46 =0;x = 57m 2ext+L,s57+4=9.7m Taking the moment about the point of zero shear oi(x+4)+ Fe+2)-0f(5}- With of = 19.244 KN / m, L,= 4, x=5.7, F= 184.68 N/m Moy, * 759 KN = mm b. HL) +L, + Deng =4+9 +615 = 19.15 m= 20m H’| 1091x107 H"* (m)|?~ er 20 16.85%10" 33.05%10" s M, = Sag | Ma bog? | @?/m) |KN/m-m)| I 493.4% 10% }251.5x10% P2-27Iflogp and M,/Mzy. are plotted in Figure 9.22 with the curve for loose sand as the separating line, it can be seen that PZ-35 will be sufficient; however, PZ-27 is not suitable 9.10. a Referto the figure. = 40" o', ~ 260.88 Ib/ ft at this depth 2 = 625.02 Ib/ ft = 02174; K, = un (45+) 4599 O% = yl, K, = (120)(10)(0.2174) = 260.88 Ib/ f? 04> (yL,+ ¥’L)K,= [(120\(10) + (67)(25)](0.2174) = 625.02 Ib £° 1,=—-62502___€2502__ ¥'(K,-K,) (67)(43816). P= Areas of 1+24+3+4=4,+4, +4, +Ay =2138% = 1304.4 + 6522 + 4551.75 +665.65 = 13,043.8 Ib/ ft (A)(30.46) + (4, 14.63) + (4,)(10.46) + (A, )(1.42) _ 14958 13,04383 2 3 PI +b + Ly)-G thy H+USRG +h +h) se Ly +49.7L; -25433=0; L,~ 6718 D=1,+1,=213+6.71=886 ft bo = ¥'(K,—K,)L,= (67)(4.3816)(6 71) = 1970 tb / #? The pressure diagram is shown in the figure © Fa P~4y'K,- KL = 13,083 8- 4(67)(4.3816)(6.71) = 6435 tb / fe 9.11 Dyas ~ (1-3) Daeey) * (1-3)(8.84) = 11.49 For eto shear: 3 0.L,—F + o((2— Ly) +3K,Y(e- ly)?=0 Let @—L)= 3 $(260.88)(10) ~ 6435 + 260, 88)G) + 300.2174 ,67\7) = 0 +35 82x— 704.5 =0;x~ 14.2 to» 10 ABEND cP Mun ~-foin (2+ 2)+ 7046 o( =} 3hr ( =] With 07, = 260.88 Ib/ f, L, = 10 ft, x= 14.20 ft, F= 6435 lb/ft, Mage = 73,864 To-ft/ = 8.86 * 10° To-in./ ft — Section S| m-Soq | Me n/t) | (bin. /) | Maw PZ-35 483 [1,282,500 | 137 PET ~3.06| 302 | 755,000 | 085 = L, + L,+ Dera = 10 +25 + 11.49 = 46.49 ft, E= 29 x 10° Ib/ in; uu = 25 kip / in? PZ-21 falls above the plot for loose sand in Figure 9.22, so PZ-27 may be used. 4h 2 i = —"_ = 0.167; = oa 8 Tah, 448 . From Figure 9.16, GD = 0.18; ftom Figure 9.19, CDL, = 1.144Eq. (9.61): D=(L, + L;XGD)(CDL,) = (12\(0.18)(1 144) = 2.47 m From Figure 9.17, GF = 0.059. From Figure 9.20, CFL, = 1.071 o _ Bi +yB +b _ 06a) +085- 2810 + IONS) Gthy = 1275KN/m? Eq. (9.62): F= y(L, + Ly)(GF\ CFL) = (12.75)(12)(0.059\(1.071) = 116 KN J m cc. From Figure 9.18, GM= 0.018. From Figure 921, CML, = 1.026 Mux = Yel + La)(GM)CML,) = (12.75)(12)'(0.018)(1.026) = 406.9 KN - m /:m 913 = Yuu Yo = 19.5 —9.81 = 9.69 KN / wy +7, _ ATSV3)+ O69V6) : Th Bab me = 1229 KN/ m’ iia ten'(45-£)- tan?(45-175)= 0271 CK, 74,1 = (0.68)(0.271)(12.29)(9) = 20 38 KN / x? OTR (0.6)(20.38) = 12.23 KN /m* ovat) Sh-f8) ve 3) Bf-o( 3) D’+15D-90=0;D= 4.6mwavonal(-2)-2l-2] - cosananes[(1-26548) 20-4) 206 K-m/m 9 9.14 a Refer to the figure 06 31.48 KN /m* p= 33.4 KN / m* x, =tan'[4s-£}~026 x, =1n'(s5+4)- 385, K,-K, =359 = YL, K, = (17)(3)(0.26) = 13.26 KN/ mi? %= (yy +7/L,) = (1B) + (19.5 - 9.81)(8)K0.26) = 33.4 KN/ mn? P,= Areas of | +2+3=19.89 + 106.08 + 80.56=206.53 KN /m 989)(9) + (106.08)(4) + (8056)(2.67) _ 179.01 +42432 +2151 _ yo 20653 20653 Eq. (9.75): oD? + 20,D(L, +L, ~ )~2P; (Ly + Ly -1,-%,) = 0 = 4e—(7L, +y'L,) = (4)(40) - 128.52 = 31 48 KN / mo? So, 31.48D? + (2)(3 1.48)(9-5)D — (2)(206.53)(3 + 8-1.5-3.96) =0or DP + 19D-12.69=0;D=3.3m b P\-aD=F 206 53 ~ (31.48)(3 3) = 102.6 KN/m 91S a K, = tan*(4s-2)- 02174 04 = yl, K,= (115\(8)(0 2174) = 200 Ib / 03> (yy + y'Ly)K, = [(115)(8) + (128 - 62.4)(20)](0.2174) = 485.24 Ib / A P, =A oh, +o, +h; - 27), =} 2008) + (200)(20) + (aes. 24 - 200)(20) = 800 + 4000 + 2852.4 = 7652.4 Ib/ ft Taking the moment about the dredge line (at 2 = L, + I.) Pa, =(fein (4 Ae 1 3)+[ees -oixts) |) 765242, = 20020 re) +4000 22) + (2852. (2) 5 = 2114933 9, = = 1008.8 0 = 4e—( yb, + 7'L,) = (4Y(1500) ~ [(115)(8) + (128 — 62.4(20)] = 3768 Ib / Eq. (9.75): 04D? +20 4D(L, + L,-1)- PL, +L,—h,-5)=0 3768D" + (2)(3768)(D\(8 + 20-4) — (2)(7652.4){8 + 20-4 10.08)]=0 DP+48D-5654-0; D=LIS ft b F=P,—0,D=7652.4— (3768)(1.15) = 3319 Ib / ft 9.16 From Figure 9.33(a), for @ = 30°, the value of K, ~ 031 WF HY coer - of aso = 1875 b/fBq. (9.79): Wah? K, sing? 1875+ 511057031405) K, sing = 2 j - gt 3 10\65) From Figure 9.33(b), K,cos8’= 3.4 Eq. (9.78): Bis} 7B K,c0s8’- Kos’) =U 4 —(0.31)(0.866)] = 4305.9 Ib/ & Assume loose sand c+ 1441 Eq. (9.85): Ph = =| 7 (43285) = 41443 Ib / ft A 3 C+ 1442 h 3 S'-B_7-4 ; Tah 503 70375. Refersing to Figure 9.35(0), B,-B 7 _ Fp *OISB, = (019V8) +4=552 P, = Pi B,= (4122.15.52) = 22,757 lb = 22.76 kip 9.17 Eq. (9.82): 2 \o2 } (17)(BX(03)(0.9) = 5239B°” KNCuapTeR 10 101 Eq.(10.1): 0, = 0.6 7HK, = 0.65 yihian(45 ~ '/2) = (0.65176 6)tan'(45 35/2) = 1946 KN Jn? 19.46 KN J m* 19.46 KN / m* im 2m 2m ism 4 By ¢ B, IM, =0 c1946ya =4379 KN/m 2 By = (19.46)(3) - 43.79 = 14.59 N/m =M, =0 =59.6kN/m B,= (19.463 5) ~ 59.6=8.51 KN/m Strut load at A = (43.79)(spacing) = (43.79)(3) = 131.4 KN Strut load at B = (B, + B,)(spacing) = (14.59 +8 51)(3) = 69.3 KN Strut load at C= (59.6)(3) = 178.8 KN 102 a. Forthe sheet pile, refer to the shear force diagram on the next page10.75 m->} 19.46 kN (119.46) = 9.73 KN - mm; My = 3(0.75)(14.59)=5.47 KN-m/m (0.437)(8.51) = 1.86 KN - m/ m5 Me =5(1.5)(29.18) = 21.9 EN - m/m 219 KN-m/m 170% 10° KN/m = 0.129 x10 m? jm of wall 2 b. For wales, Maw = Bs? _ _(69:3X3") Boe” GIT TOS 859 x10" mm ©, = 0.65 yHK, = (0.65 18(6.5)(0.217) = 16.5 KN /m? 16 5¢3)(3 1-2) sy 3 n/m16.5 KN/ m? 16.5 KN/m? Im 2m 2m 1Sm A By By Cc By = (16.53) ~37.13 = 1237 KN/m Mas 16.5)3. DPI) 9 ssunrm 2 By = (16 5X3.5)— 50.53 =7.22 KN/m Strut load at A = (37.13)(4) = 1485 kN Strut load at B= (12.37 + 7,224) = 78.4 KN ‘Strut load at C = (50.53)(4) = 202 KN 10.4 Refer to the pressure diagram in Problem 10 2. The shear force diagram is given. 25.78 KN asain 75 KN ie 4 | 562 me — 91 0.438 m 15mIt-can be seen that M; will be maximum. Me =3(1-5)(24-75)= 18.56 EN =m 8.56 KN. 1856 ¢ = Tonto? 7 0-109 107 m? /m of walt 105 a H=8m,H,=3m,H.=Sm Eq. (10.5): 7m U8, + Hy J= HOTS) +(5N182)) = 17.94 KN/ m? Bq (104): Ge = oly Ky tang, +(H7— Hg] wrk 2, = a = Beqylo7 VO)" Can34) + (5(075485)] = 19.85 MN / mt b Youd _ (17.94)(8) _ 7" y933 773 Sw The pressure diagram will be like Figure 10.6. Ae, 4 =7,H|1-e| = 1794@)/1-4.) = 654 2 O.=7%e ( +a) ¢ neo(t 7s) 654 KN /m’ Also check g, = 0.3 y, H = (0.3(17.94)(8) = 43.06 KN /m? Use 9, = 65.4 KN / m? [(5(2125) + (10X1 565) + (10)(1670)) = 1719 Ib / fe? 106 a Eq (10.6): Eq. (10.7): 7, = Fton 11) + (10)(107) + (10)(109)} = 108.6 Ib / fe Yat _ (108.6425) ee 1: . b Ee Tid = 158. Use Figure 10.7 %, = 0.3 YH = (0.3)(108.6\(25) = 814.5 Ib / f°10.7 10.8 HI _ 1828) _ 394 Use Fi Tap 384. Use Figure 10.7. [e- 6.5 Rp —_8 5 R—} 4S RE —6 5 fh} By c 3 y,H = (0.3)(118)(26) = 920.4 Ib / fe EM, =0 . (aye = )+(Gx2m4 x65) 85+55) YO Io__|__——— = 6515.6 b/ 10 Re [1s209}85)+ $(6599208)]-6s1s 6 = 42991 Ib /ft EM, =0 Rntastadl (242). (Le snoan esas) Ce 5 A 3) sesr63 bit B= [coon Je6sxo204)|- 3657.63 = 3475.47 Ib / ft 65156 Strut load at A ( 7000 2) = 70:9 hap Sinton at = (2-8, )12) = 2212S) «9329p Strut load at C = (3.657)(12) = 43.88 kip Refer to the load diagrams in Problem 10.7. The shear force diagrams are given on the next page.4745.6 1b 14.67 oy By 4299.1 Ib le — sR —sye—— 10 R-——_» 3020.43 Ib 3475.47 Ib! 6372 1b! — 8 fi ——ie- 3 fi Tt canbe seen that Mag = My =3(4.67)(4299 1) = 10,038 Ib- f/f 10,038 Ib-f __(10,038)(12) 3 = 10,038 TR __(10.038)02) 4 89 in. tt = Su 25,000 Ib/ in. 10.9 2 _ C192) 511, Use Figure 10.6 © 600 0, = 0.3 7H = 920.4 Ib/ #8, of 4c = 7H] 1-—] = 26x11 o, =r 1-2) = coxnis) oN So, use 7, ~ 920.4 Ib / ft fe 65R-e—85R—i #11 R19 esr 10% 920.4 1b/ 2Reactions at A and B, will be similar to those in Problem 10 7; that is, A= 6515.6 Ib/ ft, and B, = 4299.1 Ib/ ft. B, = (920.4)(11) ~ 6960.5 =3163.91b/ 65156 Strut load at 4 = (SOS 02) = 78.19 udp Strut load at B= ae Se Strut load at C 12) = 83.53 kip 028 sae 222 ye Given: ¢ = 800 Ib / ft; q = 0; y= 118 Ib / f; H= 26 ft; and L= 30% 10.10 Eq. (0.14): FS= =1414 8. Nore: T > 2. 30 B= VERB vz (5.14800) 1+ a2 C18)26) 14222) L 10.11 Eq. (10.13): FS = {CHapTerR 11 111 a Eq. (11.15): Q,-4,gN," A, = (0.46) = 0.2116 ni? = (18.620) = 372 KN / m? N, = 55 (Figure 11.12) Q, = (0 2116)(372)(55) = 4329 KN ‘Check: Bq. (11.17): Q, = pq, = 0.57.4, N, tang’= (50\(0.2116)(55)(tan30) ~ 335.96 KN = 336 KN Use Q, = 336 kN b. Eq. (11.20) (fore’=0): Q,=4,0.N"> IS; f= 30°; N= 45 (Table 11-5) 25} g =372KN/ ms K,=1 - sing’=05 37 ~[}#2X0)] 72) ~a08 IN/m? O, = (0.2116)(248)(45) = 2361.5 KN = 2362 KN ce. Eq. (1131) (fore=0% Q,=4,q°N; Ny = 18.4 (Table 11.6) Q, = (0.2116)'372)(18.4) = 1448.4 EN » 1448 KN 112 Bq. (1137) L’ = 15D = (150.46) = 6.9m113 Atz=0, f=0. Atz=69m, f= Ko, d= (1,518.6 * 6.9)[tan(0.6 x 30)) = 62.55 KN /m? Qivwwere® xossyeo( 22) = 397.1 KN Qu (2-69 020m) ™ (4 * 0.46)(13.1)(62.55) = 1507.7 KN Q,=397.1 + 1507.7 = 1905 kN © 20. 4348; ’=30°. From Figure 11.15, Nj =23 D046 Eq. (11.33): Q,=4,g°N, = (0.2116)(372)(23) = 1810.5 KN With -- 43.48, fiom Figure 11.19, K = 0.2 (extrapolation) Eq. (11-41): Q, = Ke, an(089’)pL 18.6 20) = 02)($5329) ncaa x 0.46)(20) = 609.5 kN _ 1810546095 4 Qn 605 KN 114 a Eq (1115): =4,9°N, p= 35°; N,” = 125 (Figure 11.12) 2 2 -(#3) (15x 80X(125) = 1,150,000 Ib = 1150 kip 12x12 Cheek: Bq. (11.17): Q, = A,q, = (052000) 2212) c25¢an35 = 87,526 Ib ~ 87.5 kip Use 87.5 kip b 1, = 75; p’= 35% N," = 72 (Table 1.5); K,= 1 - sin35 = 0.426[AERO 115.80 = 56795 702 2 Bx 2) (5679.6X 72) = 408.924 Ib ~ 409 kip 12x12 0, = AB.N =( c. Eq.(1131): Q,-4,q'Ny. My = 34 2, -(28) (115 x 80)(34) = 312,800 Ib ~ 313 kip MSL 15D=15(12/12)=15 f Atz=0, f=0 Atz=15 ft, f= Ko’,tand’= (1 35\(115 x 15)tan(0.75 x 35) = 1148.4 Ib/ fe yo. 5%) = (2 S i9( 4) 34,432 Ib Cisne (4 * Besa 1484) = 298,584 1b Q, = 34,452 + 298,584 = 333,036 Ib = 333 kip ZL 80 D ®@ 2) 2 Q, = 4,4'N, 116 = 80; #” = 35°; Nj ~17 (extrapolated fiom Figure 11.15) (22 2 ) 15% 80,17) = 156,00 18 12x12, 11.7 Eq, (11.19); Q,=9¢y4y = (9(0.381)*(70) = 91.45 KN Eq. (11.50): Q,= ae,pLAverage value of effective vertical pressure = 5, = (18.5) 185 KN/ m? 70 185 = 0378 From Figure 1123, a= 076 O, = (0.76)(4 * 0.381)(70)(20) = 1621.5 KN _ 9145416215 3 Qu =~ STLEN 11.10 @,= pif, Eq. (1147): fy = AZ +2e,) 3, = F309 < 95 um? L=20 m Table 11.7: A= 0.173 Q, = G *0.381)(20)(0.173)[185 + (2)(70)] = 1714 KN 2 (1450)(9) 1000 (i es. 19 Eq. (119): Q, = A,e,NI = = 2039kip L= 60 f= 18.29 in; A= 0.184 O_PD 366016797 Q, = PLA, + 2c, (ax#8 (60)(0.184)(3660 +2 x 1450) = 362,112 Ib = 362 kip = RASS 12746 kip = 128kip M10 a Q= Pll % Cue * £2 Cua) P=4* 16/12 =5.33 ftz=0t020R: & 18220 i 1801b/ it? 700 = =0. a 1180 se Figure 11.23: a; = 06 (118 x20) + 40(122.4 - 62.4) = 2380 Ib / ft? 2 80 z=0to20f: = 1500 380-98 Figure 11.23: @ = 0.59 Q, = 5.33{(20(0.6)(700) + (40)(0.59)(1500)} = 233,454 Ib = 233 kip (700}(20) + (1500)(40) 60 = 12333 Ib/ ft? oo (lb! #P) 2-2 118 x 20 =2360 @ eaeesa ee 2360 + (60)(40) = 4760 4 (2032360) + 4.(40)(2360 +4760) 2 27667 Ib / Length of pile = 60 ft = 18.3 mA ~ 0.18Q, = PhalFhny +2] 1 16 + nl - Tea! x $8 cox018127667+ (2)(12333)] = 3014 kip © 301 kip fray = Using ta ST e4, =(l- sin20x0n20)(5 X 11820) = 2826 16/8? hx =(-snancunan (227478) = 8526 Ib/a® 2, = Pl Lifear +L Saen = (wall Es Sener 6) +(40\(852.6)] = 212 kip TUT Bq. (1.59): Guang) = 022 = wep 11400 ~ 2280 Ib/in? 5 =n (4508 2 tan'( s+ %) = 3852 Ea. (11.61: Quin = fame Met 4, For HP 14 « 102, 4, = 30 in? (2280)(3852 + 1)(30) pan = “G00 110.6 kip (Dep + FQun dE [70 + (057)(110)}(50) 4,E, (16x 16 in*)(3 x 10° kip /in* ) = 0.0086 ft = 0.104 in 1112 Eq. (11.63): ssqy = ID Bq. (11.64): aay = FC Hs ag 70 kip 16 _ -(e2 i 2 | star) 0-02" 080 = 0.636 in.J, = 24035 10 16 re lactic Joos (4.13) = 0.032 in. 5.7 0.104 + 0.636 + 0.032 = 0.772 im. Q., + FQ..)L _ {98+ (0.624012 LE,” aay ear aighy ONE 148 om 11.13 Eq (1163): S49 = D Eq. (11.64): S42) = 0, Quy 98 2 oy =F Bagot 1054 RN So, Seay ~[ Sos F —037)(085) = 0.0083 m = 8.3. mm Again, from Eq. (11.66) dD 80 =(2) 2 0-H =21035[E -2+0835 [3242 D 0305 240 0305 .: » ae GS (1 —0.3* (4.2) = 0.00064 m= 0.64mm 30,000, 4, So, Sas) = 1.48 +83 +0.64= 10.42 mm tal < “ 14 T= bh = +(0305)' = 0) 1114 P= 5 bh? = (0305)! = 0.0007 m'E,=21 «10° N/m? Pay [Eeke _ [21 10}(0.0007) _ Eq. (11.80): 7 z 300 1098 L 30 e 7 Tong 75 80. longpile, M, =0. From Bq, (11.75) QT ES Q a) = c, = 12 mm = 0.012 my; 4, = 2.435 (Table 11.13) _ (0.01221 x 10°0.0007) _ a (2.435)(1098)" Sar EY Check for moment capacity: M,jas) = =4,Q,T wigs 2Fyl, aT From Table 11.13, the maximum value of A,, is 0.772. a = -2(21,000)(0.0007) =1137KN 2 (0305)(0.772)(1.098) Use Q,= 54.7 kN 11.15 Check for bending failure: 1, 0.0007 M, = FF > 21.000) “F595 |= 9639 kN-m 2 2 M, M, 9639 2 =232 DK, “Diy u(35+8) 1305)* (16) tan*(45 +15) 2 sig @ Qu igure 11.3. ith — = 0, From Figure 11.34a, with 5 ByQue) = 5Otan*(60)(0 305)'(16) = 68 KN Check for pile head deflection: ee ee a Eq. (1191: 7 E,1, ~ V@ix105 0007 Ol m nL = (091)(30) =273. From Figure 11.35a, for ml = 273, 22 Eyl ,)* (MH)? O,L ols 2 4 0px nF, (0012 (@1<10°Y(000071 9200) _ 9 = OIL ~ (0.15)(30) = Use Q, = 32.5 kN ‘ne 1117 9, = 2a Mate S+C W,+W, 90x 100 +24=114 kiy 1000 W,, = weight of (pile + cap) = 0, = | 285x40%12) [PA | -r1679 ip 1 124114 io*!1167 Quy =P = 292 kip ns g,=-—2He__, [BALL _ [(08540% 1249012) _ 4 s+ [FHL V4, (229.430 x 10°) 24,£, _ (0853612) _ oo, ess SOKP On =~ 227 kip 1—sin gy )y', H? tand! 11.19 Eq, (11.116): @, = ES Hr cane = AAS =n 207594) 10525) _ 95 yy : PAL sing) fH} tan" 2 le iets pe OAD yea ng 1120 g,= L-H))((L- Hy) 7; 11.21 Eq. (11.117): 4 nese tie). 2 y ¥ eee (105,112) ]__ 2005012) 4, 2 (121-624) ] (121-62.4)3 pl - si ‘tan & Eq (11.119); Q = PU —singsy)7'H, tan dL, Aneta ree = (= Be —sin28)(105)(12) tan(05 x 28X30) + = 56,434 Ib = 56.4 kip +m-2)d+4D 12a n=2% Pan, d=0.92 m;D=046m. So (23 + 3—2)(0.92) + (4)(0.46) = [ (# x 04633) pS D ndin,n, 046 TOMS O* (32) + (v2)(2x2)] = 0688 = 68.8% bo9=l- [rs(r = 1) +30 - 1)-+-V2(m, - D(n - 0] 1123 a d=12m - (23 +3 —2)C1.2) + (40.46) wi is [: (ex 0.46)(3X3) 1D) Sa7-R6 b n=l FADS M+ HO) + (V2}(202)] = 0.76 = 76.06% 11.24 Piles acting individually: Eq. (11.123); EQ, =mml94,0.,,) + ope, £1 Toobtan a: 3% GETS 1665 KN /m?238 9575. Figme 1123: a ~05 ~ 1665 EQ, = 3X3) of x 406? 958) +(06Xax 409,958,185] = (OX11162 + 13563) = 13.211 kN = 2 Qu = Fg = 5 404 EN Paes tings s get Eq. (11.124): £O,~ LpByeuyNo +20 (Ly + Bley AL 5 ~ (ond +2(2) = 0406) + 20? 21512 m c 185 ‘ $ [sig = 1224. From Figure 11.44, N= 9. So LO, = (1.512)0..512)(95.8(9) + Q(1.512 + 1,512)095.8(18.5) = 1971.1 + 10,718.9= 12,690 KN Qu aan = 4230 kN 11.25 Piles acting individually; Eq. (11.123): LO, = m1 pcp) + @pe,L] To obtain a: 022.4629 3501/8? 860 1330 7087 Figure 11.23: @=0.58= (9)(6079 + 70,516) Ib ~ 689 kip Eq. (11.124): LQ, = Lp Bgl) Ne + 2 (Lg * Bey AL be L 3, _(HAOBOON)+ 26+ 6) 860545) _ 1000 689 45 2). = , (nbd +22] aes AN+IN=6R BEeB peng 775 From Figure 11.44, N= 9 Oy = 75 = 2297 230 kip 11.26 Piles acting individually; LO,= mm Ap eay) * Per indr + CPCuayhs + &sPey abs} 12074 kip -oofo[-(2 2) fos «(x= B)es| & a, c/o, « (lb / ft) (lb / #2) (Figure 11.23) 50 ASUS ~ 3025 | 064 038 GSH) C0% 129) _ 29625 0.424 07 (05115) +@0x12) 35-55 | 1200 | |xi24x20) _ 0.363 oss ah 2 ee of fy 200) 58 4x14) 50x15) = = 2313 kiy 20, = 1 (x4 Pp 4 +0. als x A )s1s,20 + cosas x tS )r20n20‘ie a Eq. (11.124); £0, LyByegy Ne +25 (0+ BeAL £,= 120+ 14= 134 in. = 11.17 ft; B, = 80+ 14=94 in =7.83 ft 2g 17 B, 783 From Figure 11.14, N," = 7,57 1 ile 177.831 2008.57) + (2LLI7 + |. 90 kip "7000 x{[(550)(1 5+ (875\(20) + (1200)(20)]0, + ho" (N/m) (15.72)(3) + (18.55 - 9:81)(3) + (13)(19.18 - 9.81) 2223 | 217.42 = 47.16 + 26.22 + 121.81 = 195.19 195.19 + (519.18 - 9.81) 1335 + (2.5)(18.08 - 9.81) =26272| (2754125) 262.72 + 2.5)(18.08 - 981) 1335 + (1.5)(19.5 - 9.81)=29793 | (275+ 165)" S74 | 268.46 =36 301.53 = £03)09) ,,, (is eT O8 2742) -0208m 03115), 25846) _ o.n993 Aa TEL to 2856 m _ (0263) (22). 6a) ="Te07 PA 29793) “200m DAs, © 217.7 mm12.1 122 CHAPTER 12 Eq. (12.20): Qyney = 4,9 (NG = 1) 9° = Ly ¥, + Ly ¥, = (18)(100) + (10)(112) = 2920 Ib / 9? 4,= 50} = FOF =2827 Eq. (12.21): Nt = 0.21% = 0. 21eM = 134.2 Za Bet =4.67, Assume approximately 5. » Figure 12.7: w= 0.83 pou = 28.27(2920){(0.83 x 1342) ~ 1] = 9,112,187.7 Ib = 9112 kip = Zooey _ IZ Qos = pg = G— 3037 kip Eq. (12.16): Oyun = 4p9(Mg ~ WF ip Fya Fe = 35" Table 3.3: N,=48.93 Fay = 1 +tang’= | + tan38 = 1.78 en 1 2tang' sing tn ( £) - 1+ 21an38( ~sin39y*tan*(78) 1314 D 6 Eq. (129): I, ~0seap{25ca5-$°)] - osexo{ 285e0(45-32)]- 17247 Eq. (12.10): 7, te 1414 E, 1 3 aaa ane E, = 400p, = (400)(2000) = 800,000 Ib / ft 7= 800 kip / ft?Eq. (12.18); u, 010 $52). o1+0f2 — he 800 ” "2+ 0295)(2.92\(12n 38) Eq. (12.19): A= 0009{1- ge eae ‘). 0.003 1-38=25 . 1354 ” "T+ (1354 x 0.00256) = 1354 10055 $0, I, <1, Hence, Fy, =1 . cnn aang +| SUT Hi) log2u,) eral Tsing’ a — (3.07 sin38)(log2 x 10055) oo) = ef IR ae I} on 2.969 + = |= 076 yaa) = (28.27Y(2.92)(48 93 ~ 11.781 314)(0.76)= 7033 kip Qaee, =? = 2348 nip 12.3 Egs (12.42) and (12.44): Q,= @'c,pL = (0.4720) 3.5)(18) = 57,000 Ib = 57 kip 124g’ =(4)(17.8) +(2.5)(18.2) = 116.7 KN/ im? 4 = F075) = 2.405 mi? Ng = 02169" = 0.21279 = 48.39 2-371 assumes D, 175 Fig. 12.7: @=079 xn) = Ap g(@N'Y — 1) = (2.405)(116.7)[(0.79)(48.39 — 1] = 10,508 kN125 $’= 32°. Table 3.4; N,=23.18 Fy= 1 + tang’ 1 + tan32= 1.625 py |= irooms2d~ sin32)? wan) = 1361 Eq (129): I, = osex|285e0{«s-£)] = osex2aseafes-2)] =855 Eq. (1210 1, =—— + Fry = 1+2tang'(1-sing’)? n( — 2(1+ u,)q' tang" , = 600p, = (600100) = 60,000 KN / mi? #38), 32: 2) |. (12.18): , = 01402 Bq. (12.18): 4, +0 01403 =] = 0205 60,000 as = 3aFaasLTET ERI ~A4 on ( 32-25 ae). 12.19): A= 0.00: —_— i a q.(12.19: 1-5 23) 2"). 000: 5 Gon) 7 000379 3414 =1488 i = “T+GH4 x 0.00379) Ipp> Ipes $0, Fge= 1 Qyoet) = Ay! (Ng ~ Foe Fea Poe = (2.405)(116.7)(23.18 = 1)(1.625)(1361)(1) = 13,767 KN Giea= (13,767, a = 3442 KN126 a 12.7 a 128 a Q,= @ c,pL, = (0.4)(32)(7 x 1)(4) = 160.8 kN Q.= ae gyplL ~ 1.5) = (0.55)(32\ 2 1)(4 - 1.5) = 138.2 KN Q,74,C4Nt Nt=133[In(Z,) +1) Sam, 1800 | p. 20007 °° E, 2) From Eq. (12.41) and Figure 12.15: J, = “~~ 2375 N#=1.33[n(237.5) +1] =8.61 2, = 5 (57°1800)(8.61) =304,302 b= 304 kip Q, = acynphy + a*egnpl, = (0.47% 5)[(1000)(20) + (1800)(15)]} = 295,310 Ib = 295.3 kip Q = 3342953 1499 nip Eq, (12.46): a= salt +025- ca000]1+.02{ 3 )]= 36,000 Ib/ Check: 92, = (9)(2000) = 18,000 Ib / #? Use gy = 18,000 Ib / sow Z)a5) Qyen = yA, = ——Tp9q —— = 173.18 kipBQ aenPLi ~ 5) + @ieqnp(L, ~ Di) = (0.55) a x 3.5(1200(25- 5) + (0.55 # x 3.5(2000)(10 - 3.5). = 223,760 lb ~ 223.76 kip _ 173.18 + 223.76 © OQ, = 132.3 kip 12.9 a Eq. (12.32): 9p 57-5Nio = (57.523) = 1322.5 KN / mi? Since Dy >127 1 gy = 24, = (127 \r3225) = 839.9 ane! » settlement ofbase___ 25 = =125% Dy 2 1000 Figure 12.9: Using the trend line, sodbeating ~ 039 Qusay = (039 $x 2 \e3979) = 1028.9 kN b. Eqs (12.30) and (1231): Q.=Lf pal, fi = Be 2, =( 4), =(222)\19) = oy (4) (Bhan 118.75 KN/m? °3 B=15-02442"* =15- corsa 25) =089 Ff, = (0.89)(118.75) = 105.69 KN / m* Q, = (105.69 4 1)(12.5) = 4150.4 KN settlement __ 25 D, ‘11000 =25%Figure 12.10: Using the trend line side load transfer Sir? Quseay = (0.94 150.4) = 3735.4 KN . QO. = 1028.9 + 3735.4 = 4764.3 kN sy" 1210 a Eq (1236): B= 20- 006205" ~20-co0s2y #) = 1678 ZApal, = by 20,.,)= ~(saop)(tie «1919 3.08) - 302.3 kip 9,4, =12N¢ A, = 209 Ex 4s) 553.47 kip Q, = 3023455347 » 856 kip A slowabe seulement et a a2) From Figure 12.12a trend line, normalized size load = (0.95)(ultimate side load) allowable settlement 1 . ~ aap From Figure 12.9 wrend line, notmalized end bearing ~ (0.4)(ultimate end bearing) = (0.953023) + (0.4)(553.47) = $08.6 kip 121 2 AL,=20-5=15 ft;¢,q) = 1000 b/ f AL, = 15-5 = 10 ft; cq) = 1800 Ib / f LS,pAL, = (055)[(1000)( m x 5)(15) + (2800) wx $)(10)) = 472,593 Ib = 371.5 kip = «(1 +ood)- conse +02{%)] = 25920 Ib/ A? Check: q = Seq = (9)(1800) = 16,200 fb /Use qu 16.200 Ib / #2 2. =3715-+(163{F5*} = 29.6 kip p, Mllowable settlement __1 in. D, a2) = 166% From Figure 12.16, normalized side load ~ (0.87)(ultimate side load) allowable settlement __1__ _ dD, )a2) 167% From Figure 12.17, normalized end bearing = (0.77)(ultimate end bearing) OQ =(087K3715)+ cornaea= x) = 568.1 kip 12.12 From Problem 12.7(c), Q, = 149.9 kip Qu. = 0.80, = (0.8\(149 8) = 119.92 kip Quy = 149.9 — 119.92 = 29.98 kip kN Eq. (11.63): Sy) = Quy +5QusIL _ [29.98 + (0.651 19.92)\(35) (5)? (32x 10? x 144) =0418 x10 ft = 0.005 in. Cc, Eq (11.65): fe) = BE “uiayV; = (1800)(9) = 16,200 Ib / 8; C, = 0.03 (29.98)(0.03) (1062) Eq, (11.66): 2, =2+035/ 2+ 035/35 =2026 Assume 4, = 0.3; £, = 1800 Ib / in?= (1.8)(144) kip / #? Seay * = 00111 & = 0.133 in.Eq, (11.66): D Sao) * (S)2a-sr. _[_args2 5 \, on . nose. - [pets imiml 0.37 (2926) = 00112 f= 0.134 in, Total settlement =5,.3) +5.) + 5,9) 0.005 + 0.133 +0.134 = 0.272 in. 12.13 From Problem 128(c), Q,= 1323 kip uz ™ 0.832, = (0.83)(132.3) * 109.8 kip Q, = 1323 ~ 1098 = 22.5 kip Quy + Drak _ [225+ (0.651098)}35) 4,E, [E)es C2 144 = 0.00079 ft = 0.0095 in. Eq. (11.63): 5, Eq. (11.65): faq = Behe C= 0.08 d= 6, No= (2 kip / f?)(9) = 18 kip / A? 5.5, = 22003) _ 12)” 518) Eq. (11.66): 54 -(S) 20-1 z Eg Tey ~2+035/2 ~2+ 035/38 3107 ; £, = 2000 Ib / in? = 288 kip /fP. So 00107 ft = 0.13 in Be 1098 33 =| 924 _ ff 35 037 = 0,0098 f= 0. , Sus) [atts Zag 1~ 93°X3107) = 0.0098 ft = 0.118 in Total settlement = 5, + Sc) +5,¢) = 0.0095 + 0.13 + 0.118 = 0.258 in.12.14 FromEq, (12.63): /= 6.564q2° < 0.159, SINCE gu cconcren) < Yu (ocky» USE Qu (coments) it Eq. (12.63). (emer) 28,000 KN / i? J™ (6 564)(28,000)°* = 1098 4 KN / m* Check: f= 0.15g, = (0.15\28,000) = 4200 KN / m? > 1098.4 KN / m? So use f= 1098.4 KN /n? From Eq. (12.64): Q= =D, Lf = (A)(1.5)(8)(1098.4) = 41,409 KN Hom Bas (1265), (1266), an (1260: 1, = Deb Golo For RQD = 75%, from Eq. (12.69): Fam = 0.0266(ROQD) — 155 = (0.0266)(75) ~ 166 = 0335 Eqn, = 0335 Ege = (0335121 * 10°) = 4.05 * 10° KN / mi? Ee From Table 12.1 for = 5.43 and fas, the magnitude of 7, is about 0.42. Hence (41,409 KNX8) (41,409 kN\0.42) 2 45)7(22« 10° KN/m?) Cl 54.05 x 10° KN / m?) 4 = 00114 m=114mm>10mm So, From Eq. (12.71):= 29,573 kN 12.15 a Eq. (12.56): 2. =170%¢8, tf Ey =22™ 10*KN/ wi? Ral 220" O25" = 51106! .-% ee = 01198 m k, = 1n'(45+2) uan'(45+22) ~360 = 2 (a9 10°)1)) 1 7SHI2BSVG.69) J” _ Q. =(157(125)’ (22 x 10° (1) (210°) | 326,630 KN Se 2g OQ. 326,630 From Figure 12.21, x,/D, = 0.0025 x, = (0.0025)(1.25) = 0.00313 m=3.13 mm b Eq. (12.58): r' DK, y oR, M.= 1320t,R z= ws 5 svppf A751-25135)3.69) ]* _ = (133125)*(22 x 10°)(1 (2x 10% ] = 1,586,544 kN-m From Table 12:3, for & = 00008, Aen 0.000375Myx = (0.000375)(1,586,544) = 594.9 KN ~ m ER _ 22x10) _azgyn DOK, (175)(125)(35)3.69) (a).-* Luin = (6)(1.25)= 7.5 m13.1 13.2 13.3 CHAPTER 13 Gy 13.5): For collapse, y, < —G:?» __ Eq. (13.5): For col 1 ae) G,=2.74; y,= 9.81 KN/ m? ¥4 (KN /m?) below which collapse will occur ‘The plot can now be made CTANOBY 15.45 N/m! For LL =27, 4 = T2774) Since the given y, is 14.5 KN/ m’, which is less than y,= 15.45 kN / m’, collapse is likely to occur 02 = 84 kN/m?; 0% = 62 N/m? of, 84 —t=—=135<15 oa The soil is normally consolidated. LL = 50; w= 20%; z= 10 ft Eq. (13.10); AS; = 0.003325. ree) From Figure 13.9, 5. jeu) = 3% So AS, = (0.0033)(10)(3) = 0.099 ft = 1.19 in.ect LM ay a 4 34 AS= 56 308* 0) +4054 19A)s 5usea7I,H+La.754479—)] = 0145 t= 1.73 in, Suny (%) Total swell, AS (in) i I 10 a+ 506404.) =0072 1 1 o072+2¢05 +062 + \a2y=0324 : agent V2 55) a i 2 0324+4.05+275(2{ 1 \12) =0834 . gra i) 1 1 4 0834+ pe75+47540( 4, aa) =1.7%4 The plot of AS vs. depth is shown in the figure on the next page. From this figure, the depth of undercut is 5.4 - 4~= 1.4 ft below the bottom of the foundationDepth (ft) 404 + oy-+5 (04+ 0.75\(1) + e075 +15), B6 as=75 = 00635 m= 63.5 mm + fuse an@+3@1 +5505) 6 op 4 + sy (%) Depth (m)Total swell, AS (m) 1 1 ox gossox0( 0.002 1 1 0002+ 4,075+04x0{ = 000173 i 1 5 (075 a). 0.00775 + (07: vin( 5) 0019 1 1 019+ 0543 vos) = 0.042 0.042 +6 1 +s5y09( 7 0.0635 The plot of AS vs. depth is shown in the following figure From this figure, the depth of undercut is 25 - 1.5 = 1 m below the bottom of the foundation AS (mam) Depth (m)13.8 13.9 Eq. (13.14): U= xD,Zojtang,, D,=1mZ=9m U=(#)1)(9(600)(tan20) = 6174.6 KN N By (13.17): U= See F(D} - D) 150,614) 61746 (P22 )ZJ0: —1) = 2411(D} -1) or 2561+1=D} D,= 5.16 m «N,) (2 (, - D2) U-D 2\p_p - asoxsi(£) 03 -1 - 72335(D3 - 1) “61746-1500 «46746 or 25.85 = D}-1 Dy~ 5.2m|__ceeeines 314 _| 14.1 Eq. (41): 7, = Now the plot of Y.. vs. w can be plotted. 142 a Eq. (142): Re = Lesa (190 100) = 89.3% Yama \112, ‘ _RC-80_ 893-80 _ b. Bq. (14.4): 0,008) = R80 _ BA=8 _ 6.5% 4 ©. Eq. (14.3): RC= AnZie; 0393= Yawn) Yamin) = 9165 Ib / f° 143° a. Eq. (14.5): Woy = [1.95 - 0.3810g(CE)|(PL) = [1.95 - 0.3810g(600)](14)= 12.5% Eq. (14-7): Yajuasy ™ 22-26 ~ 0-28() = 22.26 — (0.28 12.5) = 18.76 KN /m?b. Eq. (14.5): Woge = [1.95 ~ 0 38l0g(2700K(14) = 9.05% Eq. (14.7)! Yajnae) = 22.26 — 0.28(9.05) = 19.73 kN / m® 14.4 Compacted 7, = 108 Ib /f*. y= 108(1 + w) = 108(1 + 14/100) = 123.112 Ib / . ‘Total weight of moist soil needed = C282 BIB OO 000 277 8) 33,2424 tons Total volume of soil to be excavated = Truckloads needed = 24 1662 AC 145 For the compacted fill, 7, = Bite Sate a The total dry weight of fill needed = IV, = SOOT 5000 6,7, KN Borrow | Void | Dry unit | Volume of soil o be pit | ratio | weight, y, | excavated = W,/7, (ry A |osz|Gx/.82 9100 9100x9 = 81,900 B jo | G,/191 9500 9550*? ~ 66,850 Cc }095 | Gy,/195 9750 9750%8 = 78,000 D_ {075 | Gy/1.75 8750 8750x11 = 96,250 Borrow pit B is the cheapest. 146 Bq. (14.11): Beara 3 1 1 (1.7) |——- +——> +; | = 3.86 rar or Doe ares 9 { OF On *55F Rating — Excellent (S, between 0 and 10)3 i 1 14.7 Bq (4.41): Sy =<}, Gar Want wae |= FHS — Excelent 14.8 a Eq. (14.12): CH, Ft boty (278), 110+75 Soy = Oy 2 ZNO) M0415 i FE elope Son 8 ig Oa m br a For 80% consolidation, 7, = 0,567 (Chapter 1), 0567 = ea = 17.45 months 2 d For 12 months Figure 1420), 7; = 23 ee 039 ) From Figure 14.21, for T, = 0.39, U= 53%. Refer to Eq. (14.15). AG» _ 75 _ o682 o, 110 Gas Jog(1 + 0.682) % ree log} 1 +0682] 14 42. ie Ag) AO%p,= (1.445)(75) = 108.4 KN / m* sae 149 a& Spa ot log 2 Sten — CME og 1500 £1200 _ 574 f+ 6.9m, 2 in? je 7, =0567 = 23x10 in.?/ min)¢ oe1 = 1996.8 x 10° min = 138.67 days = 4,62 months Cy _ (2.3%107 at | sta) 50 x 1640) e (S24) 2 From Figure 14.20, U.= 95% (by extrapolation) =147 © Fort,~ 12 months, 7, = From Figure 14.18, for U=95% and $72. oe Hie = 08, te vate of & 2) 201 Foy Ao, = (0.1)(1200) = 120 Ib / Fe 4a 45 2re (2)(025) 14.10 a. Eq. (14.21): m= 035 ig ys Ba. (1422): S928 i Gaba 0. Bq (14.23): = = Ges 089 Eq. (14.20): Eq. (14.19): tafe Shy LO _ 0.089Eg. (14 18): U,, = 1 (1 - UC -U,)= 1 ~ (1 0.32491 - 0.337) = 0.552 = 55.2% 14.11 C=C, = 0.042 f / day = 15.33 £0 / year Vertical drainage: Cty 15330 Ta = P= 0613, @ (3) Radial drainage: O) U, (Eqs. (14.19) U,, and (14.25)) | [Eq (14.18) 14.12 Bq. (1432): TZ = Sip = OOM 015 (55° From Figure 14.24, U, = 15%. ‘aceite _ Forthe sand drain, n= >= = =x = 1786 Cte _ (O015X30) Bq. (1428). 7, Sie = OER 007_ (Q015(50) _ a Qs 0.12 Eq. (1427): U,= rial [emo¢AT,)~HJexp(-A7,) to 2 Eq (14.29): 4 = 3n?-1__ 1786? _ @U786)? =1_ tnt 17867 1 M780) (417867 maie AT, = (0.935)(0.072) = 0.067 = 0.067 [exp(0.067) - 1] exp(-0.067) = 0.033 = 3.3% U,,=1- (1-U)(1 -U,) = 1 - (1 0.0331 ~ 0.15) = 0.178 = 17.8% CH, (oh+bo!) (03X55), (80+70 = lo = RET) = 0.256 m= 256 nm Sn 1+076 gq _)=0256m=2: Settlement at 50 days = (256)(0.178) = 45.6 mm.