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KH UsaemfeSifh (Unif') WkdufyJG? (Ref A&Mbwf Bzef)
KH UsaemfeSifh (Unif') WkdufyJG? (Ref A&Mbwf Bzef)
(1980-1984) 0ef;usifumvrsm;?
1980ckeSpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif A[kdXmecsKyf/ (rmeJyavm) wGit f rsdK;om; 'Drkdua&pDwyfaygif;pk
(NDF) (National Democratic Front) rS OD;pD;zGifhvpfaom yXr t-udrfajrmuf Akdvfoifwef;okd@
wyfr[m(&)rSa&G;cs,fapvGwfaom Akdvfoifwef;okd@ wyf&if; (23) rS oifwef;om;(5)OD; ukd a&G;cs,fapvGwf
vkdufonf?xkdpOfu topfzJG@pnf;vkdufaom wyf&if; (23)wGif wyf&if;rSL; Akdvv f GD;/ (qHk;) ppfa-umif;rSL; (rdrd)/
wyfa&;Akdv-f uD;*k%fa&SrG ef;/(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)wyfcJGrSL; Akdvfarmifat; (DKBA) wkd@jzifhpwifzJG@pnf;onf?
Akdvfoifwef;okd@ apvGwfjcif;cH&aom&Jabmf (5) OD;rSm (pma&;ol)/ wyfa&; Akdv-f uD; *k%fa&SGref;/ wyfcJGrSL; Akdvf
armifat;/ &Jabmfoef;jzL eSifh &JabmftefaxmfeD (wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)wkd@jzpfonf?
wyfr[m&Hk;xkdifrSL;ukdrdrdwkd@wyf&if;rSoifwef;om;pm&if;ukday;jyD; oifwef;twGufvkdtyfaomppf0wfpHk
rsm;/pmtky/f pma&;u&d,mrsm;eSifh oifwef;pm&dwfrsm;ukd wyfaxmufxHoGm;xkwfonf?xkdpOfu wyf&if;(19)
wyf&if; (20)/wyf&if;(21)wyfr[m(&)XmecsKyfrS trsdK;orD;oifwef;olrsm; eSifh (KNDO)wyf&if;(5)rS oif
wef;om;rsm;ukdawG@onf?
rmeJyavm ppfOD;pD;XmecsKyfokd@a&mufaomf wyfr[m(1)/ wyfr[m(2)/ wyfr[m(3)/ wyf&if;(10)(xkdpOf
u wyfr[m 4 rjzpfao;)/wyfr[m (6)/ (KNDO) XmecsKyf/A[kdppfOD;pD;XmecsKyfrSoifwef;om;/oifwef;ol
rsm;tjyif/ &ckdifjynfvGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmfrS Akdvfavmif;rsm;/ u&ifew D yfrawmfrS Akdvfavmif;rsm;eSifh &Srf;
jynfwyfrawmfrSAkdvfavmif;trsdK;orD;eSifhtrsdK;om; pkpkaygif;(120)OD;wufa&mufonf? oifwef;ausmif;tkyf
-uD;rSm AkdvfrSL;(N.Zaw Tan)(ucsif)/ 'kwd,ausmif;tky-f uD;rSm AkdvfrSL;apmodef; (u&if/uG,fvGef)/ enf;jy
csKyfrSmAkdvfrSL;-uD;a,mfrl( atmifqef;eSifhtwlvufeufcs)/ AkdvfrSL;xGef;wif (uG,fvGef)/ tjcm; oifwef; rSL;
rsm;rSm Akdvaf &mhuuf/(vuf&Sdoifwef;rSL;csKyf)Akdvfaoa*;/(wyf&if;202 wyf&if;rSL;)/q&m&pfu(D Ricky)(uGef
ref'kd)/ref;aiGatmif(AkdvfrSL;aomoD) jrdK@jyajymufusm;tzJG@eSihf ygoGm;jyD;brf;qD;cHae&ol) rsm;jzpfonf/ (wjcm;
oifwef;q&mrsm;&Sdao;onf/ rrSwfrdawmhyg)?
rSwfcsuf?
pma&;oleSifhtwltygwfpOfwckxJ Akdvfoifwef;wufa&mufcJholrsm;rSmrSwfrdoavmuf=
AkdvfueJrD; wyfr[m(&)(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)/AkdvfvSa0/(101)(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)/AkdvfxGef;xGef;/wyf&if;(10)/
(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)Akdvfazg'kd/ (101) ,ck wyf&if;(101)wyf&if;rSL;/ Akdvfusm; wyfr[m(2)/ AkdvfrloDGa*g(wyf
&if;(10)/ AkdvfvGrf;xl; jrwf/wyf&if; (10)/ Akdvfrlu,f wyf&if; (10)/ Akdvfavm&ifh (lawrance)(101)(wwd
2
(2)
, ekdifiH a&muf)/Akdvf[efpdef (101) (wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)/ Akdvfua&mu&/ wyf&if; (10) (vufeufcs) Akdvfoif
wef;Y ppfa&;eSifhygwfoufaombmom&yfrsm;= ppfa&;jy/ vufeuf-uD;vufeufi,f ypfenf;/ jzKwfenf;/wkduf
yJGppfrSKa&;&m/ ajymufusm;ppf/vSKyf&Sm;ppf/ ekdifiHa&;bmom&yfrsm;jzpfaom u&ifhawmfvSefa&; ekdifiHa&;vrf;pOf/
vkyfief;pOf/ ppfa&;vrf;pOf/ pnf;&Hk;a&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ ajr,mvr;fpOf/ qufoG,fa&;bmom&yf/ wyfaygif;pk/ w
&m;a&;/ vl@tcGifhta&; ponfhbmom&yfrsm;ukd (6)vwkdifwufa&mufoif-um;cJ-h uonf?
oifwef;umvrsm;twGif vufawG@wkdufyJG0if&ef (vSdKif;bJGjrdK@e,f)&Sd (waum)wkdufyJGwGifvufawG@oGm;
wkduf&onf? Akdvfavmif;wyfzJG@tm; wyfpkeSpfpkzJG@vkdufonf? wyfpk(1)tm;(pma&;ol)tkyfcsKyfjyD; wyfpk(2)tm;
AkdvfueJrD; (-opa-wvD;,m;ekid fiHa&muf)rStkyfcsKyfonf? pkpkaygif;Akdvfavmif;(60)vufawG@wkdufyJG0if-uonf?
pufavSeSpfpD;eSifh (r,foa0g)txdomG ;jyD;/ armfawmfum;rsm;jzifh (&Srf;&Gmopf) txdykd@onf? xkdaemuf ajcvsif
a&Smuf-uonf? (wa&zkd;uDG;)a&mufawmh vufeuf-uD;oHrsm;-um;ae&ygjyD;?tjrefcsDwuf&eftrdef@a&mufvm
onf? rdrdwyfpk&;Hk wGif (60)rrwvuf/ AHk;oD; (50)ygonf/{nfh&Jabmf (okdrDG;) 0efxef;(3)a,muf ygonf?
wyfae&mcsrnfhae&mra&mufrSD AkdvfrSL;-uD;a,mfrleSifh AkdfvfvSa0 wkd@. vufeuf-uD;tzJG@eSifhawG@onf?
xkdrSwqifh wyf&if;(19)/ wyfcJG (3) Akdv-f uD;atmifvif;tzJG@-um; ae&mvyfwGif wyfcsckdif;onf? &Jabmfrsm;ukd
ae&mcsonf/ eSpfa,mufwusif; wl;onf/ &efol@tvmukdapmifhonf? xrif;rpm;&ao;/ a&bl;xJY a&om&Sd
onf? xrif;xkwfa&mufvmonf? xrif;xkwfukdpm;bkd@zGifhawmh okd;eef@xGufvmonf? rxl;ygbl; bkdufjynfh
bkd@ta&;-uD;w,f? wxkwfvHk;ukefatmifpm;jyD;bkdufjznfhvkdufonf?
av,Ofo-H um;vmonf/ aemufrdrdacgif;ay:wnfhwnfha&mufvmonf? rdrdwkd@.wyfwnfae&mukd vm
&Smaejcif;jzpfonf/ (PC-6) av,OftrsdK;tpm;jzpfa-umif;od&onf? &efolvufeuf-uD;rsm;rdrdwkd@ae&mrsm;
okd@ypfcwfvmygjyD;/ ypfusif;xJYae&ef nGe-f um;csufa&mufvmygjyD;/ eSpfa,muf ypfusif; wl;xm;aomfvnf;
(Overhead) rvkyfekdifyg?vufeuf-uD;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;ypfcsaeonf?(&5)rraemufyGifh &kdifz,feSifh (120)
rr pdefajymif;-uD;jzpfonf?(waum) &efol@pcef;ukdwkdufaeonfhtzJG@rS eSpf&ufqufwkduyf pfaeonf?pDrHcsuf
twkdif; &efol@ppfulukdwkduf&efra0;awmhyg? vufeuf-uD;ypfcwfrSKa-umifh AkdvfueJrD;wyfpk&Sd wyfr[m (3)rS
Akdvfavmif;wOD;usqHk;oGm;onf?
aiGvrif;oDw*lonf0if;y xdefvif;aeonf?ukduf(50)twGif;aumif;pGmjrifae&onf? (xGD[JvD;/uGmar
xD;) (&efolvmjyD; aoaocsmcsm-unfh) [k Akdv-f uD;atmifvif;xHrSmnGe-f um;csuf a&mufvmonf?rdrdvnf;
(60)rrpdefajymif;ypf&eftoifh&SdaejyD;? 0efxrf;rsm;ukd AHk;oD;jcif;rsm; rdrdxH,lcJh&efeSifh 4if;wkd@ypfusif;xJYjyef ae
&efnGe-f um;vkdufonf?
r-umvkdufyg rdr.d nmawmifyHY aoewfpaygufawmhonf? rdrdta&S@rSmvnf;wkd;vmygjyD; r-umrSD ao
ewfoHrsm;qlnHoGm;awmhonf? rdrda&S@ypfcwfrSKjzpfaeaom&efol@ae&mokd@ (60)rr pdefajymif; oD; wvHk;jyD; w
vHk; ypfxnfhaeonf? &efolqkwfoGm;onf/ &efol@ae&mwuf&Sif;onf? &efol(4) avmif;ukdawG@onf/ umbkdif
wvufeSifh (BA) (63)(64)oHk;vufukdwyf&if;(19)rS&Jabmfrsm; aumufvmonf?
&efolqkwfoGm;onf/ rdrd&Jabmfrsm;ukd vkdufppfonf? rdrdwyfpk&Sd u&ifeDwyfrawmfrAS dkvaf vmif;
wOD; '%f&m&onf?rysif;xef/vrf;avsmufekdifonf? aemufr-umrSDqkwfrdef@a&mufvmonf?tpDtpOftwkdif;
3
rSwfcsuf?
jynfol@xHrS=
=&duQm/ =ppfom;/ =aiGa-u;/ =owif;/ =arwWm/ &rnfjzpfonf?=vlxkarwWmjcHKrS &eftaygif;
vHkrnfjzpfonf? u&ifhawmfvSefa&; eSpfaygif;(60)ausmf wnfwef@aejcif;onf u&ifjynfolrsm;.arwWmom
ru vlrsdK;pHkjynfol@arwWmjcHKxm;ekdifjcif;a-umifhjzpfonf?
ynma&;&HyHkaiGay;w,f?”
wkd@wawG olwkd@avmufawmfvSefa&; wm0efrausbl;/ wvw-udrf&efolukd rwkdufekdifbl;/wkd@ppfa-umif;
a&mufjyD;qkd&ifqefwif;w&mjzdKufueJukefoGm;wmbJ/ 'ga-umifph pfrwkdufwJhtcsdef jynfol@tusdK;jyKaewmjzpf
w,f? jynfolvlxkryg&if wkd@ppfwyf[m aoG;r&SdwJhvljzpfomG ;r,f vkd@ -o0g'ay;vkdufonf? &efol (cr&) (6)
vnf;ay:rvm ojzifh ppfa-umif;rSL;rS (ekdavmyv,f)odk@ae&mjyef,l&ef nGe-f um;ojzifh tpDtpOftwkdif; xkd
&Gmokd@ csDwufavawmhonf? ppfrwkduf&wJhtcsdef vSnfhv,f aoewfxrf; pm;aomufaewm r[kwfawmhwJh
(jynfol@tusdK;aqmifrSK)vkyfief;wck jyD;oGm;aoma-umifh pdwfcsrf;om -unfeSL;rSKwck &&Sdvkdufonf?
u&ifhvl@tzJG@tpnf;wGiAf k'<bmomOD;a& (80)&mckdifeSHK;&Sdonf? &efolonf u&ifbkef;=uD;wcsdK@ukd
pnf;&Hk;onf/ (u&ifoHCmtzJG@tpnf;ukdzJG@pnf;xm;onf)?&&Sdxm;aomowif;t& (&Gmopf) q&mawmfonf
&efolzJG@pnf;ay;xm;aom u&ifoHCmhtzJG@twGif;a&;rSL;jzpfonf?ajymufusm;a'orsm;Y eSpfbufrsufeSmusifh
(6)
oHk;&rnf? rdrdbufwckwnf;aeIr&/ &efol@eSifhyg qufqH&rnfjzpfonf? bufeSpfbuf,SOfjydKifwkdufckduf=u&mY
(pnf;&Hk;a&;pGrf;tifaumif;olonfomtekdif&rnf)jzpfonf? pnf;&Hk;a&;qif;&mwGif xkdifavtHaeIr&/ vlxk
em;rvnfonfh pum;=uD; pum;us,frsm;xkdifajymaeIr&? vufawG@vkyfjy&rnf? tvkyfeSifhoufaojy&rnf?
&Gmopfq&mawmftm; pnf;&Hk;&efvkdojzifh/ tajctaeukd apmifhqkdif;aeonf?wyfwGif;rS &Jabmfrsm;tm;
ppfa=umif;csD&mYbkef;=uD;ausmif;ukjd zwfa&Smuf&yguppfbdeyfrSvJGI nSyfbdeyfpD;oltm;vHk; (ppfonf/0efxrf;)
bdeyfcsGyf=u&efnGef=um;vkdufonf?(0wWuajr)jzpfaoma=umifhjzpfonf?wae@rdrdwkd@ppfa=umif; (ykdifusHK)jrdK@e,f
okd@jyefa&mufjyD;wyfae&mcsonf? (aygif/ )(ytkd0f)&Gm/(&Gmopf)(a&yl)(xD;zkd;wa&;)ponfh&Gmrsm;wGif wyfcJGtoD;
oD;ae&mcsonf? rdrdwyfcJG(a&yl)&GmYae&mcsonf?apwDwnfxm;onfah wmifukef;tjrifhYrdrd wyfpk(2)ukdae&m
csonf? wyfpk(2)wGif(5&)rraemufyGihf&kdifz,f&Sdonf? wyfpk(1)&Gma&S@awmpyf/ wyfpk(3)&Gmaemufawmpyf/ cJG&Hk;
tzJG@bkef;=uD;ausmif;Y toD;oD;ae&mcsonf? cJG&Hk;tzJG@wGif (81)rr pdefajymif;&Sdonf?
wyfpkrSL;rsm;ukdac:I “'DrSmapmifh=unfh/ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfqDu wckckusvmatmifvkyfjyr,f/
wyfpk(1)u [kd;rSm(ukd&if)awG(ukaX)wl;ae=uw,f?0ifwl;=u? wyfpk(2)u bk&m;ukef;0ef;usiftm;vHk; rsuf&Sif;
wyfpk(3)u &Gmpmoifausmif;ywfvnfoef@&Sif;a&;vkyf/cJG&Hk;tzJG@u &JabmfawG bkef;=uD;ausmif;u aomufa&
oHk;a& csdK;a& eSifh (ukaX)a&tukefjznfhxnfh&efESifh0efxrf;rsm; bkef;=uD;ausmif;0if;twGif;&Sd &Gufajcmufrsm; t
rkduf o&kdufrsm;ukd wHysufpD;vnf;/ aemuf rcJG&ao;aom xif;rsm;ukdcJG&ef wm0efay;vkdyfonf?
rdrdvnf;ausmif;0if;twGif;&Sd o&ufyifatmuf(rkd;um)cif;jyD; &efol@vSKyf&Sm;rSKtajctaeodekdif&efpufzGifh
em;axmifaeonf?ppfa=umif;rSL;nGef=um;vmrnfhnGef=um;csufrsm;ukd apmifhem;axmifaeonf? r=umvkdufyg/
(uyD,)wa,mufrdrdxHa&mufvmjyD; “tkef;yifwufwwfol&Sdvm;”wJh?“&Sda=umif;ajym&m/” wyfcJGrS&Jabmfrsm;
pm;&eftwGuf tkef;oD;cl;ckdif;onf/ q&mawmfrS (aumufnSif;)wwif;ay;pm;onf? &Jabmfrsm; aumufnSif;eSifh
tkef;oD;jcpf aysmfaysmf&SGif&SGifpm;-uavawmhonf?
(vlxkukdwu,ftvkyfta-uG;jyKyg/ tvkyfeSifhoufaojyyg/ vlxkarwWmtHxGufvmvdrRnf)
rdrdukdcsp-f unfav;pm;aom&Gmom;rsm; rdrpd m;&eftwGuf -uufrsm;,lvmonf?(4)aumifjzpfonf/ -uuf
waumifukdcsufpm;jyD;use-f uuf(3)aumiftm;(uyd,)ukd q&mawmftwGuf(qGef;)csufa-uG;&ef ay;vkdufonf?
wnae rdrdukd csp-f unfav;pm;aom aus;&Gmvl-uD;vmv,fonf? aumufnSif;(t&uf)OD;a& wykvif;,lvm
onf? jzpf&Sdaeaomaus;&Gmtajctaersm;udkwifjyonf? “rkd;acgifIykd;zsufojzifh pyg;txGufenf;a-umif;/”
7
(1980-1984) 0ef;usifumvrsm;?
1980ckeSpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif A[kdXmecsKyf/ (rmeJyavm) wGit f rsdK;om; 'Drkdua&pDwyfaygif;pk
(NDF) (National Democratic Front) rS OD;pD;zGifhvpfaom yXr t-udrfajrmuf Akdvfoifwef;okd@
wyfr[m(&)rSa&G;cs,fapvGwfaom Akdvfoifwef;okd@ wyf&if; (23) rS oifwef;om;(5)OD; ukd a&G;cs,fapvGwf
vkdufonf?xkdpOfu topfzJG@pnf;vkdufaom wyf&if; (23)wGif wyf&if;rSL; Akdvv f GD;/ (qHk;) ppfa-umif;rSL; (rdrd)/
wyfa&;Akdv-f uD;*k%fa&SrG ef;/(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)wyfcJGrSL; Akdvfarmifat; (DKBA) wkd@jzifhpwifzJG@pnf;onf?
Akdvfoifwef;okd@ apvGwfjcif;cH&aom&Jabmf (5) OD;rSm (pma&;ol)/ wyfa&; Akdv-f uD; *k%fa&SGref;/ wyfcJGrSL; Akdvf
armifat;/ &Jabmfoef;jzL eSifh &JabmftefaxmfeD (wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)wkd@jzpfonf?
wyfr[m&Hk;xkdifrSL;ukdrdrdwkd@wyf&if;rSoifwef;om;pm&if;ukday;jyD; oifwef;twGufvkdtyfaomppf0wfpHk
rsm;/pmtky/f pma&;u&d,mrsm;eSifh oifwef;pm&dwfrsm;ukd wyfaxmufxHoGm;xkwfonf?xkdpOfu wyf&if;(19)
wyf&if; (20)/wyf&if;(21)wyfr[m(&)XmecsKyfrS trsdK;orD;oifwef;olrsm; eSifh (KNDO)wyf&if;(5)rS oif
wef;om;rsm;ukdawG@onf?
rmeJyavm ppfOD;pD;XmecsKyfokd@a&mufaomf wyfr[m(1)/ wyfr[m(2)/ wyfr[m(3)/ wyf&if;(10)(xkdpOf
u wyfr[m 4 rjzpfao;)/wyfr[m (6)/ (KNDO) XmecsKyf/A[kdppfOD;pD;XmecsKyfrSoifwef;om;/oifwef;ol
rsm;tjyif/ &ckdifjynfvGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmfrS Akdvfavmif;rsm;/ u&ifew D yfrawmfrS Akdvfavmif;rsm;eSifh &Srf;
jynfwyfrawmfrSAkdvfavmif;trsdK;orD;eSifhtrsdK;om; pkpkaygif;(120)OD;wufa&mufonf? oifwef;ausmif;tkyf
-uD;rSm AkdvfrSL;(N.Zaw Tan)(ucsif)/ 'kwd,ausmif;tky-f uD;rSm AkdvfrSL;apmodef; (u&if/uG,fvGef)/ enf;jy
csKyfrSmAkdvfrSL;-uD;a,mfrl( atmifqef;eSifhtwlvufeufcs)/ AkdvfrSL;xGef;wif (uG,fvGef)/ tjcm; oifwef; rSL;
rsm;rSm Akdvaf &mhuuf/(vuf&Sdoifwef;rSL;csKyf)Akdvfaoa*;/(wyf&if;202 wyf&if;rSL;)/q&m&pfu(D Ricky)(uGef
ref'kd)/ref;aiGatmif(AkdvfrSL;aomoD) jrdK@jyajymufusm;tzJG@eSihf ygoGm;jyD;brf;qD;cHae&ol) rsm;jzpfonf/ (wjcm;
oifwef;q&mrsm;&Sdao;onf/ rrSwfrdawmhyg)?
rSwfcsuf?
pma&;oleSifhtwltygwfpOfwckxJ Akdvfoifwef;wufa&mufcJholrsm;rSmrSwfrdoavmuf=
AkdvfueJrD; wyfr[m(&)(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)/AkdvfvSa0/(101)(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)/AkdvfxGef;xGef;/wyf&if;(10)/
(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)Akdvfazg'kd/ (101) ,ck wyf&if;(101)wyf&if;rSL;/ Akdvfusm; wyfr[m(2)/ AkdvfrloDGa*g(wyf
&if;(10)/ AkdvfvGrf;xl; jrwf/wyf&if; (10)/ Akdvfrlu,f wyf&if; (10)/ Akdvfavm&ifh (lawrance)(101)(wwd
2
(2)
, ekdifiH a&muf)/Akdvf[efpdef (101) (wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)/ Akdvfua&mu&/ wyf&if; (10) (vufeufcs) Akdvfoif
wef;Y ppfa&;eSifhygwfoufaombmom&yfrsm;= ppfa&;jy/ vufeuf-uD;vufeufi,f ypfenf;/ jzKwfenf;/wkduf
yJGppfrSKa&;&m/ ajymufusm;ppf/vSKyf&Sm;ppf/ ekdifiHa&;bmom&yfrsm;jzpfaom u&ifhawmfvSefa&; ekdifiHa&;vrf;pOf/
vkyfief;pOf/ ppfa&;vrf;pOf/ pnf;&Hk;a&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ ajr,mvr;fpOf/ qufoG,fa&;bmom&yf/ wyfaygif;pk/ w
&m;a&;/ vl@tcGifhta&; ponfhbmom&yfrsm;ukd (6)vwkdifwufa&mufoif-um;cJ-h uonf?
oifwef;umvrsm;twGif vufawG@wkdufyJG0if&ef (vSdKif;bJGjrdK@e,f)&Sd (waum)wkdufyJGwGifvufawG@oGm;
wkduf&onf? Akdvfavmif;wyfzJG@tm; wyfpkeSpfpkzJG@vkdufonf? wyfpk(1)tm;(pma&;ol)tkyfcsKyfjyD; wyfpk(2)tm;
AkdvfueJrD; (-opa-wvD;,m;ekid fiHa&muf)rStkyfcsKyfonf? pkpkaygif;Akdvfavmif;(60)vufawG@wkdufyJG0if-uonf?
pufavSeSpfpD;eSifh (r,foa0g)txdomG ;jyD;/ armfawmfum;rsm;jzifh (&Srf;&Gmopf) txdykd@onf? xkdaemuf ajcvsif
a&Smuf-uonf? (wa&zkd;uDG;)a&mufawmh vufeuf-uD;oHrsm;-um;ae&ygjyD;?tjrefcsDwuf&eftrdef@a&mufvm
onf? rdrdwyfpk&;Hk wGif (60)rrwvuf/ AHk;oD; (50)ygonf/{nfh&Jabmf (okdrDG;) 0efxef;(3)a,muf ygonf?
wyfae&mcsrnfhae&mra&mufrSD AkdvfrSL;-uD;a,mfrleSifh AkdfvfvSa0 wkd@. vufeuf-uD;tzJG@eSifhawG@onf?
xkdrSwqifh wyf&if;(19)/ wyfcJG (3) Akdv-f uD;atmifvif;tzJG@-um; ae&mvyfwGif wyfcsckdif;onf? &Jabmfrsm;ukd
ae&mcsonf/ eSpfa,mufwusif; wl;onf/ &efol@tvmukdapmifhonf? xrif;rpm;&ao;/ a&bl;xJY a&om&Sd
onf? xrif;xkwfa&mufvmonf? xrif;xkwfukdpm;bkd@zGifhawmh okd;eef@xGufvmonf? rxl;ygbl; bkdufjynfh
bkd@ta&;-uD;w,f? wxkwfvHk;ukefatmifpm;jyD;bkdufjznfhvkdufonf?
av,Ofo-H um;vmonf/ aemufrdrdacgif;ay:wnfhwnfha&mufvmonf? rdrdwkd@.wyfwnfae&mukd vm
&Smaejcif;jzpfonf/ (PC-6) av,OftrsdK;tpm;jzpfa-umif;od&onf? &efolvufeuf-uD;rsm;rdrdwkd@ae&mrsm;
okd@ypfcwfvmygjyD;/ ypfusif;xJYae&ef nGe-f um;csufa&mufvmygjyD;/ eSpfa,muf ypfusif; wl;xm;aomfvnf;
(Overhead) rvkyfekdifyg?vufeuf-uD;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;ypfcsaeonf?(&5)rraemufyGifh &kdifz,feSifh (120)
rr pdefajymif;-uD;jzpfonf?(waum) &efol@pcef;ukdwkdufaeonfhtzJG@rS eSpf&ufqufwkduyf pfaeonf?pDrHcsuf
twkdif; &efol@ppfulukdwkduf&efra0;awmhyg? vufeuf-uD;ypfcwfrSKa-umifh AkdvfueJrD;wyfpk&Sd wyfr[m (3)rS
Akdvfavmif;wOD;usqHk;oGm;onf?
aiGvrif;oDw*lonf0if;y xdefvif;aeonf?ukduf(50)twGif;aumif;pGmjrifae&onf? (xGD[JvD;/uGmar
xD;) (&efolvmjyD; aoaocsmcsm-unfh) [k Akdv-f uD;atmifvif;xHrSmnGe-f um;csuf a&mufvmonf?rdrdvnf;
(60)rrpdefajymif;ypf&eftoifh&SdaejyD;? 0efxrf;rsm;ukd AHk;oD;jcif;rsm; rdrdxH,lcJh&efeSifh 4if;wkd@ypfusif;xJYjyef ae
&efnGe-f um;vkdufonf?
r-umvkdufyg rdr.d nmawmifyHY aoewfpaygufawmhonf? rdrdta&S@rSmvnf;wkd;vmygjyD; r-umrSD ao
ewfoHrsm;qlnHoGm;awmhonf? rdrda&S@ypfcwfrSKjzpfaeaom&efol@ae&mokd@ (60)rr pdefajymif; oD; wvHk;jyD; w
vHk; ypfxnfhaeonf? &efolqkwfoGm;onf/ &efol@ae&mwuf&Sif;onf? &efol(4) avmif;ukdawG@onf/ umbkdif
wvufeSifh (BA) (63)(64)oHk;vufukdwyf&if;(19)rS&Jabmfrsm; aumufvmonf?
&efolqkwfoGm;onf/ rdrd&Jabmfrsm;ukd vkdufppfonf? rdrdwyfpk&Sd u&ifeDwyfrawmfrAS dkvaf vmif;
wOD; '%f&m&onf?rysif;xef/vrf;avsmufekdifonf? aemufr-umrSDqkwfrdef@a&mufvmonf?tpDtpOftwkdif;
3
rSwfcsuf?
jynfol@xHrS=
=&duQm/ =ppfom;/ =aiGa-u;/ =owif;/ =arwWm/ &rnfjzpfonf?=vlxkarwWmjcHKrS &eftaygif;
vHkrnfjzpfonf? u&ifhawmfvSefa&; eSpfaygif;(60)ausmf wnfwef@aejcif;onf u&ifjynfolrsm;.arwWmom
ru vlrsdK;pHkjynfol@arwWmjcHKxm;ekdifjcif;a-umifhjzpfonf?
ynma&;&HyHkaiGay;w,f?”
wkd@wawG olwkd@avmufawmfvSefa&; wm0efrausbl;/ wvw-udrf&efolukd rwkdufekdifbl;/wkd@ppfa-umif;
a&mufjyD;qkd&ifqefwif;w&mjzdKufueJukefoGm;wmbJ/ 'ga-umifph pfrwkdufwJhtcsdef jynfol@tusdK;jyKaewmjzpf
w,f? jynfolvlxkryg&if wkd@ppfwyf[m aoG;r&SdwJhvljzpfomG ;r,f vkd@ -o0g'ay;vkdufonf? &efol (cr&) (6)
vnf;ay:rvm ojzifh ppfa-umif;rSL;rS (ekdavmyv,f)odk@ae&mjyef,l&ef nGe-f um;ojzifh tpDtpOftwkdif; xkd
&Gmokd@ csDwufavawmhonf? ppfrwkduf&wJhtcsdef vSnfhv,f aoewfxrf; pm;aomufaewm r[kwfawmhwJh
(jynfol@tusdK;aqmifrSK)vkyfief;wck jyD;oGm;aoma-umifh pdwfcsrf;om -unfeSL;rSKwck &&Sdvkdufonf?
u&ifhvl@tzJG@tpnf;wGiAf k'<bmomOD;a& (80)&mckdifeSHK;&Sdonf? &efolonf u&ifbkef;=uD;wcsdK@ukd
pnf;&Hk;onf/ (u&ifoHCmtzJG@tpnf;ukdzJG@pnf;xm;onf)?&&Sdxm;aomowif;t& (&Gmopf) q&mawmfonf
&efolzJG@pnf;ay;xm;aom u&ifoHCmhtzJG@twGif;a&;rSL;jzpfonf?ajymufusm;a'orsm;Y eSpfbufrsufeSmusifh
(6)
oHk;&rnf? rdrdbufwckwnf;aeIr&/ &efol@eSifhyg qufqH&rnfjzpfonf? bufeSpfbuf,SOfjydKifwkdufckduf=u&mY
(pnf;&Hk;a&;pGrf;tifaumif;olonfomtekdif&rnf)jzpfonf? pnf;&Hk;a&;qif;&mwGif xkdifavtHaeIr&/ vlxk
em;rvnfonfh pum;=uD; pum;us,frsm;xkdifajymaeIr&? vufawG@vkyfjy&rnf? tvkyfeSifhoufaojy&rnf?
&Gmopfq&mawmftm; pnf;&Hk;&efvkdojzifh/ tajctaeukd apmifhqkdif;aeonf?wyfwGif;rS &Jabmfrsm;tm;
ppfa=umif;csD&mYbkef;=uD;ausmif;ukjd zwfa&Smuf&yguppfbdeyfrSvJGI nSyfbdeyfpD;oltm;vHk; (ppfonf/0efxrf;)
bdeyfcsGyf=u&efnGef=um;vkdufonf?(0wWuajr)jzpfaoma=umifhjzpfonf?wae@rdrdwkd@ppfa=umif; (ykdifusHK)jrdK@e,f
okd@jyefa&mufjyD;wyfae&mcsonf? (aygif/ )(ytkd0f)&Gm/(&Gmopf)(a&yl)(xD;zkd;wa&;)ponfh&Gmrsm;wGif wyfcJGtoD;
oD;ae&mcsonf? rdrdwyfcJG(a&yl)&GmYae&mcsonf?apwDwnfxm;onfhawmifukef;tjrifhYrdrd wyfpk(2)ukdae&m
csonf? wyfpk(2)wGif(5&)rraemufyGihf&kdifz,f&Sdonf? wyfpk(1)&Gma&S@awmpyf/ wyfpk(3)&Gmaemufawmpyf/ cJG&Hk;
tzJG@bkef;=uD;ausmif;Y toD;oD;ae&mcsonf? cJG&Hk;tzJG@wGif (81)rr pdefajymif;&Sdonf?
wyfpkrSL;rsm;ukdac:I “'DrSmapmifh=unfh/ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfqDu wckckusvmatmifvkyfjyr,f/
wyfpk(1)u [kd;rSm(ukd&if)awG(ukaX)wl;ae=uw,f?0ifwl;=u? wyfpk(2)u bk&m;ukef;0ef;usiftm;vHk; rsuf&Sif;
wyfpk(3)u &Gmpmoifausmif;ywfvnfoef@&Sif;a&;vkyf/cJG&Hk;tzJG@u &JabmfawG bkef;=uD;ausmif;u aomufa&
oHk;a& csdK;a& eSifh (ukaX)a&tukefjznfhxnfh&efESifh0efxrf;rsm; bkef;=uD;ausmif;0if;twGif;&Sd &Gufajcmufrsm; t
rkduf o&kdufrsm;ukd wHysufpD;vnf;/ aemuf rcJG&ao;aom xif;rsm;ukdcJG&ef wm0efay;vkdyfonf?
rdrdvnf;ausmif;0if;twGif;&Sd o&ufyifatmuf(rkd;um)cif;jyD; &efol@vSKyf&Sm;rSKtajctaeodekdif&efpufzGifh
em;axmifaeonf?ppfa=umif;rSL;nGef=um;vmrnfhnGef=um;csufrsm;ukd apmifhem;axmifaeonf? r=umvkdufyg/
(uyD,)wa,mufrdrdxHa&mufvmjyD; “tkef;yifwufwwfol&Sdvm;”wJh?“&Sda=umif;ajym&m/” wyfcJGrS&Jabmfrsm;
pm;&eftwGuf tkef;oD;cl;ckdif;onf/ q&mawmfrS (aumufnSif;)wwif;ay;pm;onf? &Jabmfrsm; aumufnSif;eSifh
tkef;oD;jcpf aysmfaysmf&SGif&SGifpm;-uavawmhonf?
(vlxkukdwu,ftvkyfta-uG;jyKyg/ tvkyfeSifhoufaojyyg/ vlxkarwWmtHxGufvmvdrRnf)
rdrdukdcsp-f unfav;pm;aom&Gmom;rsm; rdrpd m;&eftwGuf -uufrsm;,lvmonf?(4)aumifjzpfonf/ -uuf
waumifukdcsufpm;jyD;use-f uuf(3)aumiftm;(uyd,)ukd q&mawmftwGuf(qGef;)csufa-uG;&ef ay;vkdufonf?
wnae rdrdukd csp-f unfav;pm;aom aus;&Gmvl-uD;vmv,fonf? aumufnSif;(t&uf)OD;a& wykvif;,lvm
onf? jzpf&Sdaeaomaus;&Gmtajctaersm;udkwifjyonf? “rkd;acgifIykd;zsufojzifh pyg;txGufenf;a-umif;/”
7
(1980-1984) 0ef;usifumvrsm;?
1980ckeSpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif A[kdXmecsKyf/ (rmeJyavm) wGit f rsdK;om; 'Drkdua&pDwyfaygif;pk
(NDF) (National Democratic Front) rS OD;pD;zGifhvpfaom yXr t-udrfajrmuf Akdvfoifwef;okd@
wyfr[m(&)rSa&G;cs,fapvGwfaom Akdvfoifwef;okd@ wyf&if; (23) rS oifwef;om;(5)OD; ukd a&G;cs,fapvGwf
vkdufonf?xkdpOfu topfzJG@pnf;vkdufaom wyf&if; (23)wGif wyf&if;rSL; Akdvv f GD;/ (qHk;) ppfa-umif;rSL; (rdrd)/
wyfa&;Akdv-f uD;*k%fa&SrG ef;/(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)wyfcJGrSL; Akdvfarmifat; (DKBA) wkd@jzifhpwifzJG@pnf;onf?
Akdvfoifwef;okd@ apvGwfjcif;cH&aom&Jabmf (5) OD;rSm (pma&;ol)/ wyfa&; Akdv-f uD; *k%fa&SGref;/ wyfcJGrSL; Akdvf
armifat;/ &Jabmfoef;jzL eSifh &JabmftefaxmfeD (wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)wkd@jzpfonf?
wyfr[m&Hk;xkdifrSL;ukdrdrdwkd@wyf&if;rSoifwef;om;pm&if;ukday;jyD; oifwef;twGufvkdtyfaomppf0wfpHk
rsm;/pmtky/f pma&;u&d,mrsm;eSifh oifwef;pm&dwfrsm;ukd wyfaxmufxHoGm;xkwfonf?xkdpOfu wyf&if;(19)
wyf&if; (20)/wyf&if;(21)wyfr[m(&)XmecsKyfrS trsdK;orD;oifwef;olrsm; eSifh (KNDO)wyf&if;(5)rS oif
wef;om;rsm;ukdawG@onf?
rmeJyavm ppfOD;pD;XmecsKyfokd@a&mufaomf wyfr[m(1)/ wyfr[m(2)/ wyfr[m(3)/ wyf&if;(10)(xkdpOf
u wyfr[m 4 rjzpfao;)/wyfr[m (6)/ (KNDO) XmecsKyf/A[kdppfOD;pD;XmecsKyfrSoifwef;om;/oifwef;ol
rsm;tjyif/ &ckdifjynfvGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmfrS Akdvfavmif;rsm;/ u&ifew D yfrawmfrS Akdvfavmif;rsm;eSifh &Srf;
jynfwyfrawmfrSAkdvfavmif;trsdK;orD;eSifhtrsdK;om; pkpkaygif;(120)OD;wufa&mufonf? oifwef;ausmif;tkyf
-uD;rSm AkdvfrSL;(N.Zaw Tan)(ucsif)/ 'kwd,ausmif;tky-f uD;rSm AkdvfrSL;apmodef; (u&if/uG,fvGef)/ enf;jy
csKyfrSmAkdvfrSL;-uD;a,mfrl( atmifqef;eSifhtwlvufeufcs)/ AkdvfrSL;xGef;wif (uG,fvGef)/ tjcm; oifwef; rSL;
rsm;rSm Akdvaf &mhuuf/(vuf&Sdoifwef;rSL;csKyf)Akdvfaoa*;/(wyf&if;202 wyf&if;rSL;)/q&m&pfu(D Ricky)(uGef
ref'kd)/ref;aiGatmif(AkdvfrSL;aomoD) jrdK@jyajymufusm;tzJG@eSihf ygoGm;jyD;brf;qD;cHae&ol) rsm;jzpfonf/ (wjcm;
oifwef;q&mrsm;&Sdao;onf/ rrSwfrdawmhyg)?
rSwfcsuf?
pma&;oleSifhtwltygwfpOfwckxJ Akdvfoifwef;wufa&mufcJholrsm;rSmrSwfrdoavmuf=
AkdvfueJrD; wyfr[m(&)(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)/AkdvfvSa0/(101)(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)/AkdvfxGef;xGef;/wyf&if;(10)/
(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)Akdvfazg'kd/ (101) ,ck wyf&if;(101)wyf&if;rSL;/ Akdvfusm; wyfr[m(2)/ AkdvfrloDGa*g(wyf
&if;(10)/ AkdvfvGrf;xl; jrwf/wyf&if; (10)/ Akdvfrlu,f wyf&if; (10)/ Akdvfavm&ifh (lawrance)(101)(wwd
2
(2)
, ekdifiH a&muf)/Akdvf[efpdef (101) (wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)/ Akdvfua&mu&/ wyf&if; (10) (vufeufcs) Akdvfoif
wef;Y ppfa&;eSifhygwfoufaombmom&yfrsm;= ppfa&;jy/ vufeuf-uD;vufeufi,f ypfenf;/ jzKwfenf;/wkduf
yJGppfrSKa&;&m/ ajymufusm;ppf/vSKyf&Sm;ppf/ ekdifiHa&;bmom&yfrsm;jzpfaom u&ifhawmfvSefa&; ekdifiHa&;vrf;pOf/
vkyfief;pOf/ ppfa&;vrf;pOf/ pnf;&Hk;a&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ ajr,mvr;fpOf/ qufoG,fa&;bmom&yf/ wyfaygif;pk/ w
&m;a&;/ vl@tcGifhta&; ponfhbmom&yfrsm;ukd (6)vwkdifwufa&mufoif-um;cJ-h uonf?
oifwef;umvrsm;twGif vufawG@wkdufyJG0if&ef (vSdKif;bJGjrdK@e,f)&Sd (waum)wkdufyJGwGifvufawG@oGm;
wkduf&onf? Akdvfavmif;wyfzJG@tm; wyfpkeSpfpkzJG@vkdufonf? wyfpk(1)tm;(pma&;ol)tkyfcsKyfjyD; wyfpk(2)tm;
AkdvfueJrD; (-opa-wvD;,m;ekid fiHa&muf)rStkyfcsKyfonf? pkpkaygif;Akdvfavmif;(60)vufawG@wkdufyJG0if-uonf?
pufavSeSpfpD;eSifh (r,foa0g)txdomG ;jyD;/ armfawmfum;rsm;jzifh (&Srf;&Gmopf) txdykd@onf? xkdaemuf ajcvsif
a&Smuf-uonf? (wa&zkd;uDG;)a&mufawmh vufeuf-uD;oHrsm;-um;ae&ygjyD;?tjrefcsDwuf&eftrdef@a&mufvm
onf? rdrdwyfpk&;Hk wGif (60)rrwvuf/ AHk;oD; (50)ygonf/{nfh&Jabmf (okdrDG;) 0efxef;(3)a,muf ygonf?
wyfae&mcsrnfhae&mra&mufrSD AkdvfrSL;-uD;a,mfrleSifh AkdfvfvSa0 wkd@. vufeuf-uD;tzJG@eSifhawG@onf?
xkdrSwqifh wyf&if;(19)/ wyfcJG (3) Akdv-f uD;atmifvif;tzJG@-um; ae&mvyfwGif wyfcsckdif;onf? &Jabmfrsm;ukd
ae&mcsonf/ eSpfa,mufwusif; wl;onf/ &efol@tvmukdapmifhonf? xrif;rpm;&ao;/ a&bl;xJY a&om&Sd
onf? xrif;xkwfa&mufvmonf? xrif;xkwfukdpm;bkd@zGifhawmh okd;eef@xGufvmonf? rxl;ygbl; bkdufjynfh
bkd@ta&;-uD;w,f? wxkwfvHk;ukefatmifpm;jyD;bkdufjznfhvkdufonf?
av,Ofo-H um;vmonf/ aemufrdrdacgif;ay:wnfhwnfha&mufvmonf? rdrdwkd@.wyfwnfae&mukd vm
&Smaejcif;jzpfonf/ (PC-6) av,OftrsdK;tpm;jzpfa-umif;od&onf? &efolvufeuf-uD;rsm;rdrdwkd@ae&mrsm;
okd@ypfcwfvmygjyD;/ ypfusif;xJYae&ef nGe-f um;csufa&mufvmygjyD;/ eSpfa,muf ypfusif; wl;xm;aomfvnf;
(Overhead) rvkyfekdifyg?vufeuf-uD;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;ypfcsaeonf?(&5)rraemufyGifh &kdifz,feSifh (120)
rr pdefajymif;-uD;jzpfonf?(waum) &efol@pcef;ukdwkdufaeonfhtzJG@rS eSpf&ufqufwkduyf pfaeonf?pDrHcsuf
twkdif; &efol@ppfulukdwkduf&efra0;awmhyg? vufeuf-uD;ypfcwfrSKa-umifh AkdvfueJrD;wyfpk&Sd wyfr[m (3)rS
Akdvfavmif;wOD;usqHk;oGm;onf?
aiGvrif;oDw*lonf0if;y xdefvif;aeonf?ukduf(50)twGif;aumif;pGmjrifae&onf? (xGD[JvD;/uGmar
xD;) (&efolvmjyD; aoaocsmcsm-unfh) [k Akdv-f uD;atmifvif;xHrSmnGe-f um;csuf a&mufvmonf?rdrdvnf;
(60)rrpdefajymif;ypf&eftoifh&SdaejyD;? 0efxrf;rsm;ukd AHk;oD;jcif;rsm; rdrdxH,lcJh&efeSifh 4if;wkd@ypfusif;xJYjyef ae
&efnGe-f um;vkdufonf?
r-umvkdufyg rdr.d nmawmifyHY aoewfpaygufawmhonf? rdrdta&S@rSmvnf;wkd;vmygjyD; r-umrSD ao
ewfoHrsm;qlnHoGm;awmhonf? rdrda&S@ypfcwfrSKjzpfaeaom&efol@ae&mokd@ (60)rr pdefajymif; oD; wvHk;jyD; w
vHk; ypfxnfhaeonf? &efolqkwfoGm;onf/ &efol@ae&mwuf&Sif;onf? &efol(4) avmif;ukdawG@onf/ umbkdif
wvufeSifh (BA) (63)(64)oHk;vufukdwyf&if;(19)rS&Jabmfrsm; aumufvmonf?
&efolqkwfoGm;onf/ rdrd&Jabmfrsm;ukd vkdufppfonf? rdrdwyfpk&Sd u&ifeDwyfrawmfrAS dkvaf vmif;
wOD; '%f&m&onf?rysif;xef/vrf;avsmufekdifonf? aemufr-umrSDqkwfrdef@a&mufvmonf?tpDtpOftwkdif;
3
rSwfcsuf?
jynfol@xHrS=
=&duQm/ =ppfom;/ =aiGa-u;/ =owif;/ =arwWm/ &rnfjzpfonf?=vlxkarwWmjcHKrS &eftaygif;
vHkrnfjzpfonf? u&ifhawmfvSefa&; eSpfaygif;(60)ausmf wnfwef@aejcif;onf u&ifjynfolrsm;.arwWmom
ru vlrsdK;pHkjynfol@arwWmjcHKxm;ekdifjcif;a-umifhjzpfonf?
ynma&;&HyHkaiGay;w,f?”
wkd@wawG olwkd@avmufawmfvSefa&; wm0efrausbl;/ wvw-udrf&efolukd rwkdufekdifbl;/wkd@ppfa-umif;
a&mufjyD;qkd&ifqefwif;w&mjzdKufueJukefoGm;wmbJ/ 'ga-umifph pfrwkdufwJhtcsdef jynfol@tusdK;jyKaewmjzpf
w,f? jynfolvlxkryg&if wkd@ppfwyf[m aoG;r&SdwJhvljzpfomG ;r,f vkd@ -o0g'ay;vkdufonf? &efol (cr&) (6)
vnf;ay:rvm ojzifh ppfa-umif;rSL;rS (ekdavmyv,f)odk@ae&mjyef,l&ef nGe-f um;ojzifh tpDtpOftwkdif; xkd
&Gmokd@ csDwufavawmhonf? ppfrwkduf&wJhtcsdef vSnfhv,f aoewfxrf; pm;aomufaewm r[kwfawmhwJh
(jynfol@tusdK;aqmifrSK)vkyfief;wck jyD;oGm;aoma-umifh pdwfcsrf;om -unfeSL;rSKwck &&Sdvkdufonf?
u&ifhvl@tzJG@tpnf;wGiAf k'<bmomOD;a& (80)&mckdifeSHK;&Sdonf? &efolonf u&ifbkef;=uD;wcsdK@ukd
pnf;&Hk;onf/ (u&ifoHCmtzJG@tpnf;ukdzJG@pnf;xm;onf)?&&Sdxm;aomowif;t& (&Gmopf) q&mawmfonf
&efolzJG@pnf;ay;xm;aom u&ifoHCmhtzJG@twGif;a&;rSL;jzpfonf?ajymufusm;a'orsm;Y eSpfbufrsufeSmusifh
(6)
oHk;&rnf? rdrdbufwckwnf;aeIr&/ &efol@eSifhyg qufqH&rnfjzpfonf? bufeSpfbuf,SOfjydKifwkdufckduf=u&mY
(pnf;&Hk;a&;pGrf;tifaumif;olonfomtekdif&rnf)jzpfonf? pnf;&Hk;a&;qif;&mwGif xkdifavtHaeIr&/ vlxk
em;rvnfonfh pum;=uD; pum;us,frsm;xkdifajymaeIr&? vufawG@vkyfjy&rnf? tvkyfeSifhoufaojy&rnf?
&Gmopfq&mawmftm; pnf;&Hk;&efvkdojzifh/ tajctaeukd apmifhqkdif;aeonf?wyfwGif;rS &Jabmfrsm;tm;
ppfa=umif;csD&mYbkef;=uD;ausmif;ukjd zwfa&Smuf&yguppfbdeyfrSvJGI nSyfbdeyfpD;oltm;vHk; (ppfonf/0efxrf;)
bdeyfcsGyf=u&efnGef=um;vkdufonf?(0wWuajr)jzpfaoma=umifhjzpfonf?wae@rdrdwkd@ppfa=umif; (ykdifusHK)jrdK@e,f
okd@jyefa&mufjyD;wyfae&mcsonf? (aygif/ )(ytkd0f)&Gm/(&Gmopf)(a&yl)(xD;zkd;wa&;)ponfh&Gmrsm;wGif wyfcJGtoD;
oD;ae&mcsonf? rdrdwyfcJG(a&yl)&GmYae&mcsonf?apwDwnfxm;onfhawmifukef;tjrifhYrdrd wyfpk(2)ukdae&m
csonf? wyfpk(2)wGif(5&)rraemufyGihf&kdifz,f&Sdonf? wyfpk(1)&Gma&S@awmpyf/ wyfpk(3)&Gmaemufawmpyf/ cJG&Hk;
tzJG@bkef;=uD;ausmif;Y toD;oD;ae&mcsonf? cJG&Hk;tzJG@wGif (81)rr pdefajymif;&Sdonf?
wyfpkrSL;rsm;ukdac:I “'DrSmapmifh=unfh/ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfqDu wckckusvmatmifvkyfjyr,f/
wyfpk(1)u [kd;rSm(ukd&if)awG(ukaX)wl;ae=uw,f?0ifwl;=u? wyfpk(2)u bk&m;ukef;0ef;usiftm;vHk; rsuf&Sif;
wyfpk(3)u &Gmpmoifausmif;ywfvnfoef@&Sif;a&;vkyf/cJG&Hk;tzJG@u &JabmfawG bkef;=uD;ausmif;u aomufa&
oHk;a& csdK;a& eSifh (ukaX)a&tukefjznfhxnfh&efESifh0efxrf;rsm; bkef;=uD;ausmif;0if;twGif;&Sd &Gufajcmufrsm; t
rkduf o&kdufrsm;ukd wHysufpD;vnf;/ aemuf rcJG&ao;aom xif;rsm;ukdcJG&ef wm0efay;vkdyfonf?
rdrdvnf;ausmif;0if;twGif;&Sd o&ufyifatmuf(rkd;um)cif;jyD; &efol@vSKyf&Sm;rSKtajctaeodekdif&efpufzGifh
em;axmifaeonf?ppfa=umif;rSL;nGef=um;vmrnfhnGef=um;csufrsm;ukd apmifhem;axmifaeonf? r=umvkdufyg/
(uyD,)wa,mufrdrdxHa&mufvmjyD; “tkef;yifwufwwfol&Sdvm;”wJh?“&Sda=umif;ajym&m/” wyfcJGrS&Jabmfrsm;
pm;&eftwGuf tkef;oD;cl;ckdif;onf/ q&mawmfrS (aumufnSif;)wwif;ay;pm;onf? &Jabmfrsm; aumufnSif;eSifh
tkef;oD;jcpf aysmfaysmf&SGif&SGifpm;-uavawmhonf?
(vlxkukdwu,ftvkyfta-uG;jyKyg/ tvkyfeSifhoufaojyyg/ vlxkarwWmtHxGufvmvdrRnf)
rdrdukdcsp-f unfav;pm;aom&Gmom;rsm; rdrpd m;&eftwGuf -uufrsm;,lvmonf?(4)aumifjzpfonf/ -uuf
waumifukdcsufpm;jyD;use-f uuf(3)aumiftm;(uyd,)ukd q&mawmftwGuf(qGef;)csufa-uG;&ef ay;vkdufonf?
wnae rdrdukd csp-f unfav;pm;aom aus;&Gmvl-uD;vmv,fonf? aumufnSif;(t&uf)OD;a& wykvif;,lvm
onf? jzpf&Sdaeaomaus;&Gmtajctaersm;udkwifjyonf? “rkd;acgifIykd;zsufojzifh pyg;txGufenf;a-umif;/”
7
(1980-1984) 0ef;usifumvrsm;?
1980ckeSpf/ 'DZifbmvwGif A[kdXmecsKyf/ (rmeJyavm) wGit f rsdK;om; 'Drkdua&pDwyfaygif;pk
(NDF) (National Democratic Front) rS OD;pD;zGifhvpfaom yXr t-udrfajrmuf Akdvfoifwef;okd@
wyfr[m(&)rSa&G;cs,fapvGwfaom Akdvfoifwef;okd@ wyf&if; (23) rS oifwef;om;(5)OD; ukd a&G;cs,fapvGwf
vkdufonf?xkdpOfu topfzJG@pnf;vkdufaom wyf&if; (23)wGif wyf&if;rSL; Akdvv f GD;/ (qHk;) ppfa-umif;rSL; (rdrd)/
wyfa&;Akdv-f uD;*k%fa&SrG ef;/(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)wyfcJGrSL; Akdvfarmifat; (DKBA) wkd@jzifhpwifzJG@pnf;onf?
Akdvfoifwef;okd@ apvGwfjcif;cH&aom&Jabmf (5) OD;rSm (pma&;ol)/ wyfa&; Akdv-f uD; *k%fa&SGref;/ wyfcJGrSL; Akdvf
armifat;/ &Jabmfoef;jzL eSifh &JabmftefaxmfeD (wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)wkd@jzpfonf?
wyfr[m&Hk;xkdifrSL;ukdrdrdwkd@wyf&if;rSoifwef;om;pm&if;ukday;jyD; oifwef;twGufvkdtyfaomppf0wfpHk
rsm;/pmtky/f pma&;u&d,mrsm;eSifh oifwef;pm&dwfrsm;ukd wyfaxmufxHoGm;xkwfonf?xkdpOfu wyf&if;(19)
wyf&if; (20)/wyf&if;(21)wyfr[m(&)XmecsKyfrS trsdK;orD;oifwef;olrsm; eSifh (KNDO)wyf&if;(5)rS oif
wef;om;rsm;ukdawG@onf?
rmeJyavm ppfOD;pD;XmecsKyfokd@a&mufaomf wyfr[m(1)/ wyfr[m(2)/ wyfr[m(3)/ wyf&if;(10)(xkdpOf
u wyfr[m 4 rjzpfao;)/wyfr[m (6)/ (KNDO) XmecsKyf/A[kdppfOD;pD;XmecsKyfrSoifwef;om;/oifwef;ol
rsm;tjyif/ &ckdifjynfvGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmfrS Akdvfavmif;rsm;/ u&ifew D yfrawmfrS Akdvfavmif;rsm;eSifh &Srf;
jynfwyfrawmfrSAkdvfavmif;trsdK;orD;eSifhtrsdK;om; pkpkaygif;(120)OD;wufa&mufonf? oifwef;ausmif;tkyf
-uD;rSm AkdvfrSL;(N.Zaw Tan)(ucsif)/ 'kwd,ausmif;tky-f uD;rSm AkdvfrSL;apmodef; (u&if/uG,fvGef)/ enf;jy
csKyfrSmAkdvfrSL;-uD;a,mfrl( atmifqef;eSifhtwlvufeufcs)/ AkdvfrSL;xGef;wif (uG,fvGef)/ tjcm; oifwef; rSL;
rsm;rSm Akdvaf &mhuuf/(vuf&Sdoifwef;rSL;csKyf)Akdvfaoa*;/(wyf&if;202 wyf&if;rSL;)/q&m&pfu(D Ricky)(uGef
ref'kd)/ref;aiGatmif(AkdvfrSL;aomoD) jrdK@jyajymufusm;tzJG@eSihf ygoGm;jyD;brf;qD;cHae&ol) rsm;jzpfonf/ (wjcm;
oifwef;q&mrsm;&Sdao;onf/ rrSwfrdawmhyg)?
rSwfcsuf?
pma&;oleSifhtwltygwfpOfwckxJ Akdvfoifwef;wufa&mufcJholrsm;rSmrSwfrdoavmuf=
AkdvfueJrD; wyfr[m(&)(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)/AkdvfvSa0/(101)(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)/AkdvfxGef;xGef;/wyf&if;(10)/
(wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)Akdvfazg'kd/ (101) ,ck wyf&if;(101)wyf&if;rSL;/ Akdvfusm; wyfr[m(2)/ AkdvfrloDGa*g(wyf
&if;(10)/ AkdvfvGrf;xl; jrwf/wyf&if; (10)/ Akdvfrlu,f wyf&if; (10)/ Akdvfavm&ifh (lawrance)(101)(wwd
2
(2)
, ekdifiH a&muf)/Akdvf[efpdef (101) (wwd,ekdifiHa&muf)/ Akdvfua&mu&/ wyf&if; (10) (vufeufcs) Akdvfoif
wef;Y ppfa&;eSifhygwfoufaombmom&yfrsm;= ppfa&;jy/ vufeuf-uD;vufeufi,f ypfenf;/ jzKwfenf;/wkduf
yJGppfrSKa&;&m/ ajymufusm;ppf/vSKyf&Sm;ppf/ ekdifiHa&;bmom&yfrsm;jzpfaom u&ifhawmfvSefa&; ekdifiHa&;vrf;pOf/
vkyfief;pOf/ ppfa&;vrf;pOf/ pnf;&Hk;a&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ ajr,mvr;fpOf/ qufoG,fa&;bmom&yf/ wyfaygif;pk/ w
&m;a&;/ vl@tcGifhta&; ponfhbmom&yfrsm;ukd (6)vwkdifwufa&mufoif-um;cJ-h uonf?
oifwef;umvrsm;twGif vufawG@wkdufyJG0if&ef (vSdKif;bJGjrdK@e,f)&Sd (waum)wkdufyJGwGifvufawG@oGm;
wkduf&onf? Akdvfavmif;wyfzJG@tm; wyfpkeSpfpkzJG@vkdufonf? wyfpk(1)tm;(pma&;ol)tkyfcsKyfjyD; wyfpk(2)tm;
AkdvfueJrD; (-opa-wvD;,m;ekid fiHa&muf)rStkyfcsKyfonf? pkpkaygif;Akdvfavmif;(60)vufawG@wkdufyJG0if-uonf?
pufavSeSpfpD;eSifh (r,foa0g)txdomG ;jyD;/ armfawmfum;rsm;jzifh (&Srf;&Gmopf) txdykd@onf? xkdaemuf ajcvsif
a&Smuf-uonf? (wa&zkd;uDG;)a&mufawmh vufeuf-uD;oHrsm;-um;ae&ygjyD;?tjrefcsDwuf&eftrdef@a&mufvm
onf? rdrdwyfpk&;Hk wGif (60)rrwvuf/ AHk;oD; (50)ygonf/{nfh&Jabmf (okdrDG;) 0efxef;(3)a,muf ygonf?
wyfae&mcsrnfhae&mra&mufrSD AkdvfrSL;-uD;a,mfrleSifh AkdfvfvSa0 wkd@. vufeuf-uD;tzJG@eSifhawG@onf?
xkdrSwqifh wyf&if;(19)/ wyfcJG (3) Akdv-f uD;atmifvif;tzJG@-um; ae&mvyfwGif wyfcsckdif;onf? &Jabmfrsm;ukd
ae&mcsonf/ eSpfa,mufwusif; wl;onf/ &efol@tvmukdapmifhonf? xrif;rpm;&ao;/ a&bl;xJY a&om&Sd
onf? xrif;xkwfa&mufvmonf? xrif;xkwfukdpm;bkd@zGifhawmh okd;eef@xGufvmonf? rxl;ygbl; bkdufjynfh
bkd@ta&;-uD;w,f? wxkwfvHk;ukefatmifpm;jyD;bkdufjznfhvkdufonf?
av,Ofo-H um;vmonf/ aemufrdrdacgif;ay:wnfhwnfha&mufvmonf? rdrdwkd@.wyfwnfae&mukd vm
&Smaejcif;jzpfonf/ (PC-6) av,OftrsdK;tpm;jzpfa-umif;od&onf? &efolvufeuf-uD;rsm;rdrdwkd@ae&mrsm;
okd@ypfcwfvmygjyD;/ ypfusif;xJYae&ef nGe-f um;csufa&mufvmygjyD;/ eSpfa,muf ypfusif; wl;xm;aomfvnf;
(Overhead) rvkyfekdifyg?vufeuf-uD;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;ypfcsaeonf?(&5)rraemufyGifh &kdifz,feSifh (120)
rr pdefajymif;-uD;jzpfonf?(waum) &efol@pcef;ukdwkdufaeonfhtzJG@rS eSpf&ufqufwkduyf pfaeonf?pDrHcsuf
twkdif; &efol@ppfulukdwkduf&efra0;awmhyg? vufeuf-uD;ypfcwfrSKa-umifh AkdvfueJrD;wyfpk&Sd wyfr[m (3)rS
Akdvfavmif;wOD;usqHk;oGm;onf?
aiGvrif;oDw*lonf0if;y xdefvif;aeonf?ukduf(50)twGif;aumif;pGmjrifae&onf? (xGD[JvD;/uGmar
xD;) (&efolvmjyD; aoaocsmcsm-unfh) [k Akdv-f uD;atmifvif;xHrSmnGe-f um;csuf a&mufvmonf?rdrdvnf;
(60)rrpdefajymif;ypf&eftoifh&SdaejyD;? 0efxrf;rsm;ukd AHk;oD;jcif;rsm; rdrdxH,lcJh&efeSifh 4if;wkd@ypfusif;xJYjyef ae
&efnGe-f um;vkdufonf?
r-umvkdufyg rdr.d nmawmifyHY aoewfpaygufawmhonf? rdrdta&S@rSmvnf;wkd;vmygjyD; r-umrSD ao
ewfoHrsm;qlnHoGm;awmhonf? rdrda&S@ypfcwfrSKjzpfaeaom&efol@ae&mokd@ (60)rr pdefajymif; oD; wvHk;jyD; w
vHk; ypfxnfhaeonf? &efolqkwfoGm;onf/ &efol@ae&mwuf&Sif;onf? &efol(4) avmif;ukdawG@onf/ umbkdif
wvufeSifh (BA) (63)(64)oHk;vufukdwyf&if;(19)rS&Jabmfrsm; aumufvmonf?
&efolqkwfoGm;onf/ rdrd&Jabmfrsm;ukd vkdufppfonf? rdrdwyfpk&Sd u&ifeDwyfrawmfrAS dkvaf vmif;
wOD; '%f&m&onf?rysif;xef/vrf;avsmufekdifonf? aemufr-umrSDqkwfrdef@a&mufvmonf?tpDtpOftwkdif;
3
rSwfcsuf?
jynfol@xHrS=
=&duQm/ =ppfom;/ =aiGa-u;/ =owif;/ =arwWm/ &rnfjzpfonf?=vlxkarwWmjcHKrS &eftaygif;
vHkrnfjzpfonf? u&ifhawmfvSefa&; eSpfaygif;(60)ausmf wnfwef@aejcif;onf u&ifjynfolrsm;.arwWmom
ru vlrsdK;pHkjynfol@arwWmjcHKxm;ekdifjcif;a-umifhjzpfonf?
ynma&;&HyHkaiGay;w,f?”
wkd@wawG olwkd@avmufawmfvSefa&; wm0efrausbl;/ wvw-udrf&efolukd rwkdufekdifbl;/wkd@ppfa-umif;
a&mufjyD;qkd&ifqefwif;w&mjzdKufueJukefoGm;wmbJ/ 'ga-umifph pfrwkdufwJhtcsdef jynfol@tusdK;jyKaewmjzpf
w,f? jynfolvlxkryg&if wkd@ppfwyf[m aoG;r&SdwJhvljzpfomG ;r,f vkd@ -o0g'ay;vkdufonf? &efol (cr&) (6)
vnf;ay:rvm ojzifh ppfa-umif;rSL;rS (ekdavmyv,f)odk@ae&mjyef,l&ef nGe-f um;ojzifh tpDtpOftwkdif; xkd
&Gmokd@ csDwufavawmhonf? ppfrwkduf&wJhtcsdef vSnfhv,f aoewfxrf; pm;aomufaewm r[kwfawmhwJh
(jynfol@tusdK;aqmifrSK)vkyfief;wck jyD;oGm;aoma-umifh pdwfcsrf;om -unfeSL;rSKwck &&Sdvkdufonf?
u&ifhvl@tzJG@tpnf;wGiAf k'<bmomOD;a& (80)&mckdifeSHK;&Sdonf? &efolonf u&ifbkef;=uD;wcsdK@ukd
pnf;&Hk;onf/ (u&ifoHCmtzJG@tpnf;ukdzJG@pnf;xm;onf)?&&Sdxm;aomowif;t& (&Gmopf) q&mawmfonf
&efolzJG@pnf;ay;xm;aom u&ifoHCmhtzJG@twGif;a&;rSL;jzpfonf?ajymufusm;a'orsm;Y eSpfbufrsufeSmusifh
(6)
oHk;&rnf? rdrdbufwckwnf;aeIr&/ &efol@eSifhyg qufqH&rnfjzpfonf? bufeSpfbuf,SOfjydKifwkdufckduf=u&mY
(pnf;&Hk;a&;pGrf;tifaumif;olonfomtekdif&rnf)jzpfonf? pnf;&Hk;a&;qif;&mwGif xkdifavtHaeIr&/ vlxk
em;rvnfonfh pum;=uD; pum;us,frsm;xkdifajymaeIr&? vufawG@vkyfjy&rnf? tvkyfeSifhoufaojy&rnf?
&Gmopfq&mawmftm; pnf;&Hk;&efvkdojzifh/ tajctaeukd apmifhqkdif;aeonf?wyfwGif;rS &Jabmfrsm;tm;
ppfa=umif;csD&mYbkef;=uD;ausmif;ukjd zwfa&Smuf&yguppfbdeyfrSvJGI nSyfbdeyfpD;oltm;vHk; (ppfonf/0efxrf;)
bdeyfcsGyf=u&efnGef=um;vkdufonf?(0wWuajr)jzpfaoma=umifhjzpfonf?wae@rdrdwkd@ppfa=umif; (ykdifusHK)jrdK@e,f
okd@jyefa&mufjyD;wyfae&mcsonf? (aygif/ )(ytkd0f)&Gm/(&Gmopf)(a&yl)(xD;zkd;wa&;)ponfh&Gmrsm;wGif wyfcJGtoD;
oD;ae&mcsonf? rdrdwyfcJG(a&yl)&GmYae&mcsonf?apwDwnfxm;onfhawmifukef;tjrifhYrdrd wyfpk(2)ukdae&m
csonf? wyfpk(2)wGif(5&)rraemufyGihf&kdifz,f&Sdonf? wyfpk(1)&Gma&S@awmpyf/ wyfpk(3)&Gmaemufawmpyf/ cJG&Hk;
tzJG@bkef;=uD;ausmif;Y toD;oD;ae&mcsonf? cJG&Hk;tzJG@wGif (81)rr pdefajymif;&Sdonf?
wyfpkrSL;rsm;ukdac:I “'DrSmapmifh=unfh/ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfqDu wckckusvmatmifvkyfjyr,f/
wyfpk(1)u [kd;rSm(ukd&if)awG(ukaX)wl;ae=uw,f?0ifwl;=u? wyfpk(2)u bk&m;ukef;0ef;usiftm;vHk; rsuf&Sif;
wyfpk(3)u &Gmpmoifausmif;ywfvnfoef@&Sif;a&;vkyf/cJG&Hk;tzJG@u &JabmfawG bkef;=uD;ausmif;u aomufa&
oHk;a& csdK;a& eSifh (ukaX)a&tukefjznfhxnfh&efESifh0efxrf;rsm; bkef;=uD;ausmif;0if;twGif;&Sd &Gufajcmufrsm; t
rkduf o&kdufrsm;ukd wHysufpD;vnf;/ aemuf rcJG&ao;aom xif;rsm;ukdcJG&ef wm0efay;vkdyfonf?
rdrdvnf;ausmif;0if;twGif;&Sd o&ufyifatmuf(rkd;um)cif;jyD; &efol@vSKyf&Sm;rSKtajctaeodekdif&efpufzGifh
em;axmifaeonf?ppfa=umif;rSL;nGef=um;vmrnfhnGef=um;csufrsm;ukd apmifhem;axmifaeonf? r=umvkdufyg/
(uyD,)wa,mufrdrdxHa&mufvmjyD; “tkef;yifwufwwfol&Sdvm;”wJh?“&Sda=umif;ajym&m/” wyfcJGrS&Jabmfrsm;
pm;&eftwGuf tkef;oD;cl;ckdif;onf/ q&mawmfrS (aumufnSif;)wwif;ay;pm;onf? &Jabmfrsm; aumufnSif;eSifh
tkef;oD;jcpf aysmfaysmf&SGif&SGifpm;-uavawmhonf?
(vlxkukdwu,ftvkyfta-uG;jyKyg/ tvkyfeSifhoufaojyyg/ vlxkarwWmtHxGufvmvdrRnf)
rdrdukdcsp-f unfav;pm;aom&Gmom;rsm; rdrpd m;&eftwGuf -uufrsm;,lvmonf?(4)aumifjzpfonf/ -uuf
waumifukdcsufpm;jyD;use-f uuf(3)aumiftm;(uyd,)ukd q&mawmftwGuf(qGef;)csufa-uG;&ef ay;vkdufonf?
wnae rdrdukd csp-f unfav;pm;aom aus;&Gmvl-uD;vmv,fonf? aumufnSif;(t&uf)OD;a& wykvif;,lvm
onf? jzpf&Sdaeaomaus;&Gmtajctaersm;udkwifjyonf? “rkd;acgifIykd;zsufojzifh pyg;txGufenf;a-umif;/”
7