Journal

Technique

Bransby, P.L., Miligan

G.W.E. (1975)

X-ray technique

Description

Robinsky, E.I., Morrison,

C.F. (1964)

Radiography cobalt-60
radioactive source and lead
shot

Konagai, K., Tamura, C.,

Laser Aided Tomography
Rangelow, P., Matsushima, T. (LAT)
(1992)

An experimental
study of the soil
deformations near
laboratory-scale
cantilever flexible
sheet pile walls in dry
sand.
Deformations of the
sand and walls are
measured by an X-ray
technique which
allows observation of
the rupture surfaces in
the sand.
A study of the
displacement and
compaction of sand
around strain gage
instrumented model
pipe by means of
radiography
techniques
The limits of
visible soil
movement
(displacement
envelope) of nine
different pile
conditions were
determined.
LAT enables the
visualization of all
particles interlocking
one another in a 3-D
model
When particles with a
representative size of
about 1 mm or
smaller are used, it is
not easy to have a
clear look at each
particle on the laser-

Rashidi, M., Dehmeshki, J.

Daemi, M. F., Cole, L.,
Dickenson, E. (1997)

Fluorescent microscopic
imaging stained bacteria,
organic dye, cryolite

Measurements Group (1989)

Photostress method (gelatins)

Mannheimer, R.J., Park, J.T.,

Grimley, T.A., Morrow, T.B.

Laser Doppler Velocimetry

(LDV) (silica gel particles +
hydrocarbon liquids
Stoddard Solvent & Exxon
150)

light sheet
LAT technique is
used to study the
failure process of
embankment=shaped
models
A study of the
transport of
contaminants and
bacteria in aqueous
heterogeneous
saturated porous
systems
Involves colour
visualization and
quantification of
bacterium and
contaminant
distributions within a
transparent porous
column
Transparent
photoelastic gelatins
have been used to
study the surface
deformation patterns
of structural members
Transparent slurries
allow the use of LDV
to characterize the
velocity profiles and
rms components of
velocity of nonNewtonian slurries in
laminar, transitional,
and turbulent flows