Form 5 BIOLOGY: CHAPTER 1:TRANSPORT

BLOOD

WATER
-90% of plasma.
-solvent medium.

BLOOD CELLS
MINERALS
-in the form of
ions.
ex: sodium,
calcium,

(45%)

SOLUBLE GASES
- oxygen and
carbon
dioxide.
CHEMICAL
SUBSTANCES
- hormones,
enzymes,

PLASMA

(55%)

NUTRIENTS
- glucose, amino
acids.

AGRANULOCYTES
-no granules in
their cytoplasm.
-nuclei not lobed.

WASTE
PRODUCTS
-carbon dioxide,
PLASMA PROTEINS
i) Fibrinogen
-involves in blood clotting.
ii) Albumen
-controls blood osmotic level.
iii) Immunoglobulin
-a type of antibody.
-involved in defense
mechanism.

WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBC)

-also called leucocytes.
-has irregular shape.
- formed in the bone marrow.
-no haemoglobin.
-involve in defense mechanism
against
pathogens, thus life span is
uncertain.

MONOCYTES
-the largest
leucocytes.
LYMPHOCYTE
S
-the smallest
leucocytes.

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GRANULOCYTES
-have granules in
their cytoplasm.
-have lobed nuclei.

NEUTROPHIL
S
-most

EOSINOPHILS
-rarely found in
blood.

PLATELETS
-also called thrombocytes.
-the smallest and lightest
blood
cells.
- formed in the bone
marrow.
-important in blood
RED
BLOOD
CELLS (RBC)
-also called
erythrocytes.
-flattened double
concave cells.
-formed in the bone
marrow.
-contain
haemoglobin
(red pigment).
-haemoglobin binds
with O2 to form
oxyhaemoglobin.
-life span = 120
days.
-after 120 days,
destroyed by liver.
-newly formed RBC
have
nucleus but
missing in

BASOPHILS
-rarely found in
blood.