Objectives

Determination of the mechanical properties (such as elastic modulus (E), loss modulus () and
phase factor ()) as a function of temperature and glass transition temperature (Tg) of a typical
polymer (polyvinyl chloride) under alternating load by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
(DMA).
Introduction

Theory

Experimental work
Equipment and Accessories
The DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer) equipment contain the following sub instruments

Power supply for heating to furnace

Power supply for motor
Frequency counting unit
Temperature counting unit (Thermocouple)
Microscope camera for observing deflection of the sample. [1]

Sample: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Sample Geometry: 6mm x 38 (Diameter x total length, whereas the experimental length is
about 35 mm) [1]
Procedure
Firstly, the sample had been mounted in the DMA equipment, to achieve this furnace was
opened for fixing the PVC sample. From the bottom side of the equipment, sample was fixed
by a screw. Then for heating the furnace, electrical power was then turned on in order to
achieve desired temperature of sample i.e. above 65C and then a frequency of about 50 Hz
was applied. Afterward a force was applied by rotating the screw gauge to a distance of 7mm.
The elongation in x-direction and the phase angle were determined by the monitor screen.
Five temperatures were selected in the range 68 C to 110 C (after every 10 step) and for
each particular temperature, five experiments with different frequencies in the range of 50 to
250 Hz (after every 50 Hz step) were performed. At around 108C, the force was reduced i.e.
rotating screw gauge from 7mm to 2mm, due to softening of the sample thus preventing the
sample from touching the wall of the furnace.

Results
T(C) v (Hz)
68
50

x (m)

(o)
0

0,0004
69,7

100

73

150

73,5

200

74

250

79,6

50

80,5

100

81,7

150

83,1

200

84,4

250

85

50

86,7

100

89,1

150

0
0,0004
0
0,0004
0
0,0004
0
0,0004
0
0,0005
0
0,0005
0
0,0005
0
0,0005
0
0,0005
40
0,002
40
0,002
40
0,0023

91,6

200

43
0,0035

92,6

250

45
0,0047

93

50

25
0,0045

95,3

100

30
0,0045

99,2

150

30
0,0045

100,8

200

30
0,0045

101,6

250

30
0,0045

99

50

18
0,0051

101,1

100

20
0,0051

105,3
107,4

150
200

20
0,0051
0,0051

20

F (N)
1,14E03
1,14E03
1,14E03
1,14E03
1,14E03
1,14E03
1,14E03
1,14E03
1,14E03
1,14E03
1,14E03
1,14E03
1,14E03
1,14E03
1,14E03
4,88E04
4,88E04
4,88E04
4,88E04
4,88E04
4,88E04
4,88E04
4,88E04
4,88E-

tan ()

G' (Pa)

G'' (Pa)

Log (aT)

3521,983

23,75862

3521,983

21,57684

3521,983

17,22652

3521,983

16,55373

3521,983

15,87727

2817,587

8,040338

2817,587

6,734448

2817,587

4,972402

2817,587

2,885946

2817,587

0,918216

0,8390996 539,5992

452,7775

0,8390996 539,5992

452,7775

-2,63675

0,8390996 469,2167

393,7195

-6,45011

0,9325151 294,3789

274,5128

-10,54

211,9505

211,9505

-12,2109

0,4663077

121,6

56,70303

-12,8849

0,5773503

116,1953

67,0854

-16,8252

0,5773503

116,1953

67,0854

-23,7693

0,5773503

116,1953

67,0854

-26,7184

0,5773503

116,1953

67,0854

-28,2157

0,3249197

112,5918

36,58328

87,36148

0,3639702

111,2464

40,4904

87,36148

0,3639702
0,3639702

111,2464
111,2464

40,4904
40,4904

-35,3464
-39,5504

108,2

250

20
0,0051

105

50

10
0,0052

106,8

100

13
0,0052

111

150

13
0,0052

113,9

200

13
0,0052

114,7

250

13
0,0052

04
4,88E04
4,88E04
4,88E04
4,88E04
4,88E04
4,88E04

0,3639702

111,2464

40,4904

-41,1831

0,176327

114,3454

20,16218

87,36148

0,2308682

113,1335

26,11892

87,36148

0,2308682

113,1335

26,11892

-47,0386

0,2308682

113,1335

26,11892

-53,3448

0,2308682

113,1335

26,11892

-55,1297