Predisposing Factors:

Sex; Race; Age;

Seasonal Trend

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Normal flora in the nasopharynx invades other organs

C
O
N
G
E
S
T
I
O
N

Precipitating Factors:
Lifestyle
Environment

Foreign bacteria inhaled from an infected carrier

Bacteria pass through the lower respiratory tract

S/Sx: cough,
inflammation, fever,
Invasion into the lungs
nausea & vomiting,
rapid-shallow
Adhesion to the endothelial cells of the alveoli
breathing, diaphoresis
Rapid replication of the bacteria due to virulence factors
(presence of capsule polysaccharides causing resistance from phagocytes)
Stimulation of inflammatory chemical mediators (cytokine, interleukin, histamine)
Increased vascular permeability
RED
HEPATIZATION

Increase secretion of fluids, RBCs, and neutrophils

Arrival of inflammatory exudates

GRAY
HEPATIZATION

Accumulation of WBCs & macrophages

S/Sx:
RBC &
neutrophils

S/Sx:
WBC count &
(+) Pus

Purulent exudates remain

COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
RESOLUTION

Autolysis

Complete regeneration of alveolar

epithelium without residual scar formation
Treatment:
1. Antibacterial
drugs
2. Nebulization
3. O2
administration
4. Mucolytics
5. Nasal
decongestants
GOOD PROGNOSIS

Decreased bacterial
clearance

Release of
pneumolysin, H2O2

Necrosis of lung
parenchyma

Cytotoxic effects

Death of bodys normal cells

Septic shock
DEATH