Phn vng cng cho Linux

Cng vi vic a cng c dung lng ngy cng ln th vic qun l khng gian a
mt cch hiu qu cng gp phn lm tng hiu sut s dng ca my tnh.
So vi trc y vi nm, dung lng ca a cng (harddisk drive, HDD) c mt trn
th trng c kch thc ngy cng ln hn (nh 30GB, 40GB, hay 60GB, thm ch hn
100GB, 200GB) v d mua hn (v gi cng h rt nhiu). Vi HDD mi toanh va
tu c, iu u tin m cc bn quan tm c l l phn vng HDD mi sao cho d
dng qun l v hiu qu nht. Bi vit ny s gii thiu mt s cng c tr gip cc bn
tin hnh phn vng HDD d dng, nhanh chng.
Trc tin hy ti gii thiu s qua cho cc bn mt s khi nim c bn khi tin
hnh phn vng cho HDD. Mt HDD c my tnh nhn bit nh l mt thit b lu tr
(storage device). Trn mt HDD, thun tin cho vic qun l d liu, bn c th chia
thnh nhiu vng khc nhau (gi l partition)- cng vic ny cng ging nh chia mt ci
t ln thnh nhiu ngn vy . Chuyn phn vng khng qu kh v bn c th t thc
hin phn vng HDD ca mnh bng nhng cng c sau y.
Disk Druid
Disk Druid l b cng c phn vng cho a km theo b ci t Linux. Trong qu trnh
ci t Linux, bn c th s dng cng c Disk Druid phn chia li HDD v ch nh
phn vng c th cho Linux ci t ln .
s dng Disk Druid, bn phi chn option th 2 (Manually partition with Disk
Druid) khi Linux yu cu bn ch nh kiu phn vng m bn mun la chn cho vic
ci t Linux. Sau bn nhn Next n mn hnh k tip l mn hnh chnh ca Disk
Druid.
Phn Partitions (phn 1) th hin nhng thng tin v cc phn vng hin c trn HDD
ca bn. Mi dng trong phn Partitions tng ng vi mt phn vng trn HDD. Cc
khi nim mount point, device, requested, actual, type s c trnh by r hn trong cc
bi hng dn ci t h iu hnh Linux.
Phn Drive Summary (phn 2) th hin thng tin v cc HDD hin c trn my ca bn.
Mi dng trong phn ny tng ng vi mt HDD.
- Add: c dng khi to mt phn vng mi trn HDD ca bn. Nn nh, HDD ca
bn cn phi cn ch trng to mt phn vng mi, bng khng, bn phi xa i
bt mt phn vng hin hu th mi c th to mi mt phn vng khc.
- Edit: chc nng c dng thay i cc thng s v kch thc, nh dng, tn
phn vng.
- Delete: xa mt phn vng hin hu trn HDD.
- Reset: khi phc li cu hnh phn vng trc . Nhng thay i bn thc hin
trn phn vng ch thc s c tc dng khi bn nhn phm Next.
Disk Druid ch thc s pht huy c tc dng ca mnh khi s dng phn vng
- Cho vic ci t Linux. Nu bn mun phn vng s dng cho c Windows
ca mnh th phn mm PartitionMagic vn c li th hn c. Ngoi ra, bn vn
c th dng PartitionMagic phn sn cc vng cho vic ci t Linux m
khng nht thit phi s dng Disk Druid.

PartitionMagic
PartitionMagic l cng c phn vng cng ca PowerQuest. PartitionMagic cung
cp cho bn y cc chc nng cn thit trong vic phn vng HDD nh to, xa,
sa i... Vi PartitionMagic, bn c th sa i cch phn vng ca mnh m khng
phi ch nhiu n vic sao lu d liu hin c v PartitionMagic m bo an
ton d liu cho bn khi thay i kch thc phn vng m khng cn format hay xa
phn vng .
Mt u im khc ca PartitionMagic l giao din ha. Cc partition c hin
th vi nhng mu khc nhau, cc thao tc c thc hin trc quan hn s gip bn
d dng s dng cng c ny. Ngoi ra, PartitionMagic h tr nhiu format nh FAT,
FAT32, NTFS, Linux ext2/Swap, v c Linux Ext3 phin bn 8.0.
- thc hin phn vng cho a, bn c th chn phn vng cn thay i v s
dng cc chc nng tm thy trong menu Partition hoc click chut phi ln phn
vng .C mt mo nh cho bn khi tin hnh phn vng vi PartitionMagic.
Nu bn to mt phn vng mi v format phn vng , PartitionMagic s t
ng kim tra gim bn bad sector (nu c). Tc v ny chim rt nhiu thi gian,
nu chng may bn ang thao tc trn phn vng c kch thc ln. Vy tit
kim thi gian, bn nn tt chc nng kim tra bad sector ca PartitionMagic nu
chc chn rng cng ca bn chng c h hng g c v khng cn thit phi
kim tra. Bn thc hin vic ny bng cch vo menu General\Preferences..., ri
chn Skip bad sector checks trn a bn ang mun nh dng.
Khi bn lm vic vi Linux v phi thng xuyn truy xut cc phn vng a ca MS
Windows, nh vi phn vng fat32 hoc NTFS, hoc c phn vng Linux ext3 no khc,
th ng tc u tin l phi mount phn vng vo mt th mc trong h thng. iu
ny i khi rt mt cng khi bn phi thc hin thng xuyn cc thao tc ny. Do ,
mt cch thun tin l bn khai bo n cho h thng.
Khi thc hin cng vic ny, bn login vo ti khon root lm vic bng cch: t mt
Terminal o, bn g lnh #su sau nhp mt khu cho root vo.
u tin, bn cn to mt s th mc dng mount cc phn vng cn truy xut. Th
mc c th nm bt k ni u nhng bn nn to trong /mnt cu trc th mc
c thng nht r rng v d nh. Chng hn, /mnt/win_c dnh cho C, /mnt/disk_mdk
cho phn vng ext3 ca mandrake:
#mkdir /mnt/win_c
#mkdir /mnt/disk_mdk
-

M file /etc/fstab, bn s thy trong c nhng khai bo cho cc phn vng lm

vic. Ch cn thm vo cc mc nhp khc, h thng s t ng qun l cc phn
vng c khai bo mi khi khi ng.
Cu trc mt file fstab thng nh sau:

LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1

none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
none /proc proc defaults 0 0
none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
/dev/hda5 swap swap defaults 0 0
Bn c th thm vo cc khai bo cho phn vng cn truy xut, k c CD-ROM:
/dev/hda1 /mnt/win_c vfat defaults 0 0
/dev/hda6 /mnt/win_d vfat defaults 0 0
- /dev/hda7 /mnt/win_e vfat defaults 0 0
Trng th nht dng khai bo tn phn vng, nh /dev/hda1 chng hn,
c khai bo l mount vo /mnt/win_c vi kiu l vfat. Ct th t c khai bo
l defaults c ngha l s c mount t ng mi khi h thng khi ng.
Mun mount ngay mt partition no m khng khi ng li my, bn ch cn
thc hin lnh:
#mount /mnt/win_c l C s c mount. Bn khng cn phi thm cc i s
khc khi dng lnh mount.
cng vic khai bo c thun li, bn cn phi bit thng tin v cu trc
cc phn vng trn cng. Vi cc tc v nh phn chia, xo, ni rng a,
RedHat xy dng mt tin ch cho cng vic ny, l fdisk v parted, thc
hin vi giao din dng lnh. Tuy nhin, bn nn dng cc phn mm nh PQ
Magic thc hin, an ton, d dng v trc quan hn.
Khi mun xem thng tin v a vi fdisk, bn nhp lnh #fdisk /dev/hda vi
/dev/hda hoc /dev/hdb l thit b bn mun lm vic. Sau , nhn p xem
thng tin v cc phn vng trn a. nhn help xem cc hng dn lnh v
tu chn ca fdisk.
Vi parted, bn cng nhp lnh tng t: #parted /dev/hda
nhn help xem thng tin v cc lnh ca parted.
- Nhn print xem bng thng tin v cc partition
Vi parted, bn cng c th t mnh thc hin cc thao tc vi a cng nh
thm, xo, ni rng. Tt c u thao tc bng dng lnh v cc thng tin cn thit
u c hin th khi bn g lnh help t du nhc lnh ca parted.