You are on page 1of 5

ICSP2012 Proceedings

$GDSWLYH %D\HVLDQ &RPSUHVVHG 6HQVLQJ %DVHG RQ


6XE%ORFN ,PDJH
4LDQ <RQJTLQJ /HL <LQJ 6XQ +RQJ

6FKRRO RI (OHFWURQLF ,QIRUPDWLRQ :XKDQ 8QLYHUVLW\ :XKDQ &KLQD


T\TZKX#JPDLOFRP JOHL\LQJ#JPDLOFRP KRQJVXQ#ZKXHGXFQ
0DQ\ RI WKH UHVHDUFK SDSHUV VXFK DV >@ FRQVLGHULQJ &6
WKHRU\ LQWR LPDJH SURFHVVLQJ KDYH DSSHDUHG RYHU WKH SDVW IHZ
\HDUV $ QRYHO LPDJLQJ DUFKLWHFWXUH GHVLJQHG WR EXLOG HDVLHU
VPDOOHU DQG LQH[SHQVLYH GLJLWDO FDPHUDV XWLOL]LQJ WKH WKHRU\ RI
FRPSUHVVHG VHQVLQJ LV SURSRVHG LQ SUHYLRXV ZRUN >@ 8QGHU
WKLV &6 LPDJLQJ IUDPHZRUN LQQHU SURGXFWV EHWZHHQ WKH VFHQH
LQWHUHVWHG DQG D VHW RI UDQGRP WHVW IXQFWLRQV ZKLFK PDNH HDFK
PHDVXUHPHQW D UDQGRP VXP RI SL[HO YDOXHV REWDLQHG RYHU WKH
ZKROH LPDJH DUH PHDVXUHG LQVWHDG RI PHDVXULQJ SL[HO VDPSOHV
RI WKH VFHQH :KHQ WKH LPDJH LQWHUHVWHG LV VSDUVH RU QHDUO\
VSDUVH LQ D FHUWDLQ WUDQVIRUP GRPDLQ ZH FDQ UHFRYHU WKH
LPDJH IURP IHZHU PHDVXUHPHQWV WKDQ WKDW RI 1\TXLVW
VDPSOLQJ PDQQHU 7KXV LPDJH DFTXLVLWLRQ YLD VXE1\TXLVW
UDWH FDQ EH DFKLHYHG VWDEO\ WKURXJK &6 LPDJLQJ IUDPHZRUN ,Q
SDSHU >@ WKH DXWKRUV H[SORLW &6 ZLWKLQ 05, ZKLFK LV DQ
HVVHQWLDO PHGLFDO LPDJLQJ WRRO ZLWK D VXEVWDQWLDOO\ VORZ GDWD
DFTXLVLWLRQ SURFHGXUH WR UHGXFH SRWHQWLDOO\ VFDQ WLPH
VLJQLILFDQWO\ ZLWK EHQHILWV IRU SDWLHQWV DQG KHDOWK FDUH
HFRQRPLFV 6WDQNRYLF HW DO LQ ZRUN >@ VSOLW WKH LPDJH LQWR
VPDOO QRQRYHUODSSLQJ EORFNV RI HTXDO VL]H ILUVWO\ DQG WKHQ DOO
RI VXEEORFNV LPDJH LV VDPSOHG YLD &6 VNLOO /DVWO\
VXEEORFNV DFURVV WKH LPDJH DUH UHFRQVWUXFWHG RQH E\ RQH
XVLQJ 2UWKRJRQDO 0DWFKLQJ 3XUVXLW 203 >@ DOJRULWKP
:LWK WKLV PDQQHU WKH LPDJH UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ WLPH EDVHG RQ &6
WHFKQLTXH FDQ EH GHFUHDVHG JUHDWO\ )XUWKHUPRUH LQ SDSHU >@
WKH\ XWLOL]H WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ ZLWKLQ RQH VXEEORFN WR KHOS WR
SUHGLFW WKH VSDUVLW\ RI QHLJKERULQJ VXEEORFNV IRU RIIHULQJ XV
DFFXUDWH UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ LPDJH VLQFH WKH VSDUVLW\ RI VXEEORFNV
QHHG WR EH NQRZQ LQ DGYDQFH ZKHQ 203 DOJRULWKP LV XVHG IRU
LPDJH UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ $ VDOLHQF\EDVHG FRPSUHVVLYH VDPSOLQJ
VFKHPH IRU LPDJH VLJQDOV LV SURSRVHG LQ OHWWHU >@ ZKHUH WKH
VDOLHQF\ LQIRUPDWLRQ RI LPDJHV LV H[SORLWHG WR GLVWULEXWH PRUH
VHQVLQJ PHDVXUHPHQWV WR VDOLHQW UHJLRQV EXW IHZHU WR
QRQVDOLHQW UHJLRQV 7DNLQJ KXPDQ YLVXDO DWWHQWLRQ LQWR
FRQVLGHUDWLRQ WKLV SURSRVHG VFKHPH FDQ REWDLQ EHWWHU LPDJH
UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ TXDOLW\ HYHQ LQ WKH FRQGLWLRQ RI ORZHU &6
VDPSOLQJ UDWH

$EVWUDFW,Q WKLV SDSHU


SDSHU D QRYHO DOJRULWKP IRU LPDJH VDPSOLQJ DQG
UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ LV SURSRVHG EDVHG RQ %D\HVLDQ FRPSUHVVHG
VHQVLQJ DQG VXEEORFN LPDJH 8QGHU RXU SURSRVHG VFKHPH ILUVWO\
WKH LPDJH RI LQWHUHVW LV GLYLGHG LQWR VXEEORFNV IRU UHGXFLQJ
UHFRYHU\ WLPH RI WKH LPDJH 6HFRQGO\ HYHU\ VXEEORFN DFURVV WKH
LPDJH LV VDPSOHG DGDSWLYHO\ ZLWK GLYHUVH VDPSOLQJ UDWH YLD
FRPSUHVVHG VHQVLQJ VNLOO LQ WKH WHUP RI HDFK VXEEORFN
VXEEORFNV HQHUJ\
/DVWO\ D QXPEHU RI VXEEORFNV DUH UHFRYHUHG DGDSWLYHO\ E\ XVLQJ
WKH SULRU LQIRUPDWLRQ RI QHLJKERULQJ VXEEORFN UHFRYHUHG
DOUHDG\ &RPSDULQJ ZLWK WKH WUDGLWLRQDO FRPSUHVVHG VHQVLQJ
PHWKRG RXU SURSRVHG PHWKRG FDQ UHFRYHU WKH LPDJH DFFXUDWHO\
ZLWK IHZHU PHDVXUHPHQWV DQG OHVV WLPH FRQVXPSWLRQ
([SHULPHQWDO UHVXOWV VKRZ WKH YDOLGLW\ DQG SUDFWLFDOLW\ RI RXU
SURSRVHG PHWKRG REYLRXVO\
.H\ZRUGV6XEEORFN LPDJH $GDSWLYH LPDJH FRPSUHVVLRQ %D\HVLDQ
FRPSUHVVHG VHQVLQJ

, ,1752'8&7,21
7KH VKDFNOH RI WUDGLWLRQDO 1\TXLVW VDPSOLQJ WKHRUHP LV
SURYHG WR EH EURNHQ DOUHDG\ ZLWK WKH HPHUJHQFH RI
&RPSUHVVHG 6HQVLQJ &6 WKHRU\ >@ E\ ZKLFK ZH FDQ
VDPSOH WKH VLJQDO YLD VXE1\TXLVW UDWH DQG UHFRQVWUXFW WKH
VDPSOHG VLJQDO DFFXUDWHO\ LI WKH VLJQDO LV VSDUVH RU QHDUO\
VSDUVH LQ D FHUWDLQ WUDQVIRUP GRPDLQ 7KH DLP RI &6 LV WR
UHFRYHU\ VLJQDOV RU LPDJHV IURP VLJQLILFDQWO\ IHZHU
PHDVXUHPHQWV FRPSDULQJ ZLWK WKDW ZHUH WKRXJKW QHFHVVDU\
(YHU VLQFH  WKH ELUWK RI &6 WKHRU\ LW KDV EHHQ DSSOLHG LQ
PDQ\ DVSHFWV RI VLJQDO SURFHVVLQJ VXFK DV VLQJOHSL[HO
LPDJLQJ >@ 0DJQHWLF 5HVRQDQFH ,PDJLQJ 05, >@ DQG
'\QDPLF 6SHFWUXP $FFHVV '6$ >@
)RU LPDJH FRPSUHVVLRQ FRQYHQWLRQDOO\ 'LVFUHWH &RVLQH
7UDQVIRUP '&7 RU 'LVFUHWH :DYHOHW 7UDQVIRUP ':7 LV
FDUULHG RXW RQ WKH LPDJH REWDLQHG LQ DGYDQFH 0RVW RI WKH
FRHIILFLHQWV ZLOO EH ]HUR RU FORVH WR ]HUR DIWHU WKH WUDQVIRUP RQ
WKH LPDJH DQG WKH FRHIILFLHQWV ZLWK QHJOLJLEOH HQHUJ\ ZLOO EH
DEDQGRQHG EHIRUH WKH SURFHGXUH RI TXDQWL]DWLRQ VWDUWLQJ
1DPHO\ DOWKRXJK WKH SULQFLSOH FRHIILFLHQWV ZKLFK DUH PXFK
ODUJHU WKDQ ]HUR DUH NHSW IRU LPDJH UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ WKH
FRHIILFLHQWV ZKLFK FDQ EH LJQRUHG LQ WKH LPDJH UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ
SURFHVV ZLOO EH WKURZQ DZD\ DIWHU WKH WUDQVIRUP WR DYRLG
XQQHFHVVDU\ EXUGHQ RQ WKH DFTXLVLWLRQ SURFHVV 7KLV PDNHV
FRPSUHVVHG VHQVLQJ D JRRG FDQGLGDWH IRU GLJLWDO LPDJH DQG
YLGHR DSSOLFDWLRQV ZKHUH ZH FDQ VDPSOH WKH LPDJH WKURXJK
LQIRUPDWLRQ UDWH DYRLGLQJ XQQHFHVVDU\ GDWD DFTXLVLWLRQ WR
UHGXFH WKH EXUGHQ RI KLJK VDPSOLQJ UDWH DQG UHOLHYH WKH
SUHVVXUH RI GDWD WUDQVPLVVLRQ DQG VWRUDJH

,Q WKLV SDSHU D NLQG RI DGDSWLYH %D\HVLDQ FRPSUHVVHG


VHQVLQJ PHWKRG EDVHG RQ VXEEORFN LPDJH LV SURSRVHG 7KH
DLP RI WKH SURSRVHG PHWKRG LV WR LPSURYH WKH UHFRYHU\ TXDOLW\
RI WKH LPDJH VDPSOHG E\ &6 WHFKQLTXH ZLWK ORZHU VDPSOLQJ
UDWH DQG OHVV UHFRYHU\ WLPH *HQHUDOO\ WKH HQHUJ\ RI HDFK
VXEEORFN RI DQ LPDJH LV GLIIHUHQW IURP HDFK RWKHU 7KXV ZH
FDQ DOORW WKH VXEEORFNV RI WKH LPDJH ZLWK KLJKHU HQHUJ\ PRUH
PHDVXUHPHQWV DQG DOORW WKH VXEEORFNV RI WKH LPDJH ZLWK
ORZHU HQHUJ\ OHVV PHDVXUHPHQWV IRU HQKDQFLQJ WKH TXDOLW\ RI
UHFRYHU\ LPDJH ZLWK WKH VDPH WRWDO PHDVXUHPHQWV ZKLFK DUH

___________________________________
978-1-4673-2197-6/12/$31.00 2012 IEEE



:KHUH V LV DQ 1GLPHQVLRQDO VSDUVH YHFWRU RI [ DQG $


LV WKH VHQVLQJ PDWUL[ ZKLFK LV D ZHOO FKRVHQ PDWUL[ VDWLVI\LQJ
WKH 5HVWULFWHG ,VRPHWU\ 3URSHUW\ 5,3 > @ 7KXV D GHFRGHU

GLVWXUEHG WR HYHU\ VXEEORFN RI WKH LPDJH DYHUDJHO\ WKURXJK


WKH FRQYHQWLRQDO QRQDGDSWLYH VDPSOLQJ PHWKRG YLD &6 )RU
SUDFWLFDO XWLOLW\ DOO RI WKH VXEEORFNV ZLWKLQ DQ LPDJH DUH
GLYLGHG LQWR WZR W\SHV LQ WKH OLJKW RI HDFK VXEEORFNV HQHUJ\
7KH VXEEORFN ZLWK KLJKHU HQHUJ\ LV GHILQHG DV KLJKHQHUJ\
VXEEORFN DQG WKH VXEEORFN ZLWK ORZHU HQHUJ\ LV GHILQHG DV
ORZHQHUJ\ VXEEORFN LQ WKH VDPH ZD\ 7KH WKUHVKROG XVHG IRU
GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH W\SH RI VXEEORFN FDQ EH REWDLQHG WKURXJK
VWDWLVWLF DQDO\VLV VXFK DV DYHUDJH HQHUJ\ RI VXEEORFN RU FDQ
EH GHFLGHG E\ SUDFWLFDO UHTXLUHPHQW LQ WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ 7KLV
NLQG RI DGDSWLYH FRPSUHVVHG VHQVLQJ PHWKRG LV UHIHUUHG WR DV
HQHUJ\ DGDSWLRQ IRU VLPSOLFLW\ ,Q RUGHU WR PLQLPL]H WKH
UHFRYHU\ WLPH DV IDU DV SRVVLEOH LQ FDVH RI JXDUDQWHHLQJ WKH
TXDOLW\ RI WKH UHFRYHU\ LPDJH DGGLWLRQDOO\ WKH VLPLODULW\
EHWZHHQ WKH VXEEORFN DERXW WR EH UHFRYHUHG DQG WKH DGMDFHQW
VXEEORFNV UHFRYHUHG LV XWLOL]HG WR SUHGLFW WKH ORFDWLRQ RI
VSDUVH FRHIILFLHQW RI WKH VXEEORFN ZKLFK LV JRLQJ WR EH
UHFRYHUHG 7KLV SDWWHUQ QDPHG DV ORFDWLRQ DGDSWLRQ FDQ XWLOL]H
WKH SULRU LQIRUPDWLRQ RI WKH QHLJKERULQJ VXEEORFN WR UHFRYHU
WKH QH[W VXEEORFN ZLWK OHVV WLPH FRQVXPLQJ &RQVHTXHQWO\ D
TXDQWLW\ RI VXEEORFNV XWLOL]LQJ WKH VLPLODULW\ ZLWK QHLJKERULQJ
VXEEORFN FDQ EH UHFRYHUHG ZLWK OHVV UHFRYHU\ WLPH ZKLFK FDQ
DOVR UHGXFH WKH WRWDO UHFRYHU\ WLPH IRU DQ HQWLUH LPDJH JUHDWO\
7KXV RXU SURSRVHG PHWKRG FRPELQLQJ HQHUJ\ DGDSWLRQ DQG
ORFDWLRQ DGDSWLRQ WRJHWKHU FDQ QRW RQO\ LQFUHDVH WKH TXDOLW\ RI
LPDJH UHFRYHUHG JUHDWO\ EXW DOVR GHFUHDVH UHFRYHU\ WLPH RI WKH
LPDJH VLJQLILFDQWO\

V RU WKH DSSUR[LPDWH YDOXH V


IURP \ NQRZLQJ DQG  *HQHUDOO\ WKLV NLQG RI

PXVW UHFRYHU WKH VLJQDO

LQYHUVH SUREOHP FDQ EH VROYHG WKURXJK QRUP RSWLPL]DWLRQ


SUREOHP DV EHORZ

V DUJ PLQ V  VW \ V
V

7KHQ WKH DSSUR[LPDWH YDOXH RI V FDQ EH REWDLQHG HDVLO\


WKURXJK EDVLV SXUVXLW DOJRULWKP VXFK DV %DVLV 3XUVXLW %3
>@ RU E\ XVLQJ JUHHG\ LWHUDWLYH DOJRULWKP VXFK DV
UHJXODUL]HG RUWKRJRQDO PDWFKLQJ SXUVXLW 5203 >@
&RPSUHVVLYH 6DPSOLQJ 0DWFKLQJ 3XUVXLW DOJRULWKP &R6D03
>@
,,, $'$37,9( %$<(6,$1 ,0$*( &2035(66('
6(16,1*
,W LV NQRZQ WR DOO WKDW WKH VSDUVLW\ RI VLJQDO LV WKH
SUHFRQGLWLRQ RI ZKHWKHU ZH FDQ XVH &6 WR VDPSOH WKH VLJQDO
DQG UHFRYHU LW H[DFWO\ $FWXDOO\ PRVW RI WKH VLJQDOV LQ UHDO
ZRUOG DUH VSDUVH RU VSDUVH ZLWK UHVSHFW WR VRPH RUWKRJRQDO
EDVLV $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH VWDWLVWLFDO DQDO\VLV RI D QXPEHU RI
VXEEORFNV RI LPDJHV JHQHUDOO\ VSHDNLQJ SDUWV RI VXEEORFNV
ZLWKLQ DQ LPDJH KDYH KLJK HQHUJ\ )XUWKHUPRUH ZH ILQG WKDW
HDFK VXEEORFN DFURVV DQ LPDJH LV VSDUVH RU DSSUR[LPDWH
VSDUVH LQ VRPH SDUWLFXODU WUDQVIRUP GRPDLQ VXFK DV '&7 
%DVHG RQ WKH DERYH GLVFXVVLRQ WKH &6 FDQ EH XWLOL]HG WR
VDPSOH DQG UHFRYHU WKH LPDJH GHWHUPLQDWHO\ ,Q WKH IROORZLQJ
VHFWLRQ RXU SURSRVHG DGDSWLYH PHWKRG EDVHG RQ %D\HVLDQ
&RPSUHVVHG 6HQVLQJ %&6 >@ ZKLFK FDQ GHWHUPLQH WKH
VSDUVLW\ RI VLJQDO DXWRPDWLFDOO\ LV VWDWHG H[DFWO\

7KLV SDSHU LV RUJDQL]HG DV IROORZV 7KH EDVLF WKHRULHV


UHJDUGLQJ &6 DUH LQWURGXFHG LQ VHFWLRQ ,, ,Q VHFWLRQ ,,, RXU
SURSRVHG DGDSWLYH %D\HVLDQ LPDJH FRPSUHVVHG FHQVLQJ
PHWKRG LV GHVFULEHG LQ GHWDLO 7KH H[SHULPHQWDO UHVXOWV DQG
GLVFXVVLRQV DUH SUHVHQWHG LQ VHFWLRQ ,9 ,Q VHFWLRQ 9 WKH SDSHU
LV HQGHG ZLWK D FRQFOXVLRQ
,, &2035(66(' 6(16,1* 7+(52<
:H ILUVWO\ LQWURGXFH VRPH EDVLF WHUPLQRORJLHV UHJDUGLQJ
VSDUVLW\ ZKLFK LV WKH EDVH RI &6 WKHRU\ 'HQRWH DQ
1 u1
DQG [ D YHFWRU ZLWK
RUWKRJRQDO PDWUL[ \
1GLPHQVLRQ :KHQ WKHUH DUH .
QRQ]HUR LQ YHFWRU
1
V \  WKH YHFWRU LV QDPHG DV . VSDUVH ,I YHFWRU [ FDQ
EH GHVFULEHG DV [ V  ZH FDQ VD\ WKDW [ LV . VSDUVH
ZLWK UHVSHFW WR  )XUWKHUPRUH WKH VHW RI SRVLWLRQV RI
QRQ]HURV FRHIILFLHQWV LQ V LV UHIHUUHG WR DV VSDUVLW\ SDWWHUQ

$ (QHUJ\ $GDSWLRQ &RPSUHVVLRQ %DVHG RQ 6XEEORFN ,PDJH


(YHU\ VXEEORFN RI DQ LPDJH LV ZLWK GLIIHUHQW HQHUJ\ IURP
HDFK RWKHU LQ JHQHUDO :H FDQ PDNH XVH RI WKLV SURSHUW\ RI WKH
VXEEORFN IRU LPSURYLQJ WKH TXDOLW\ RI HQWLUH UHFRYHU\ LPDJH
7R GR VR PRUH PHDVXUHPHQWV DUH DVVLJQHG WR WKH KLJKHQHUJ\
VXEEORFNV DQG IHZHU PHDVXUHPHQWV DUH DVVLJQHG WR WKH
ORZHQHUJ\ VXEEORFNV :LWK WKLV PDQQHU ZH FDQ KDQG RXW WKH
PHDVXUHPHQW WR VDPSOH WKH VXEEORFN DGDSWLYHO\ LQ WHUP RI WKH
DPRXQW RI HQHUJ\ LQ WKH VXEEORFN )RU FRQYHQLHQFH DOO RI WKH
VXEEORFNV ZLWKLQ DQ LPDJH LV GLYLGHG LQWR WZR SDUWV ZKLFK DUH
WKH SDUW RI KLJKHQHUJ\ VXEEORFN DQG WKH SDUW RI ORZHQHUJ\
VXEEORFN ,Q RUGHU WR HQVXUH WKDW WKH UHFRYHU\ LPDJH LV RI
JRRG TXDOLW\  RI WKH VXEEORFNV DFURVV DQ LPDJH DUH
YLHZHG DV WKH KLJKHQHUJ\ VXEEORFNV DQG WKH UHPDLQLQJ 
RI WKH VXEEORFN DUH FRQVLGHUHG DV ORZ HQHUJ\ VXEEORFNV
7KH FRQFUHWH LPSOHPHQWLQJ VWHSV RI RXU SURSRVHG HQHUJ\
DGDSWLRQ FRPSUHVVLRQ PHWKRG DUH VKRZQ DV EHORZ

*LYHQ WKDW WKH 1GLPHQVLRQDO VLJQDO [ LV . VSDUVH


ZLWK UHVSHFW WR D SDUWLFXODU RUWKRJRQDO PDWUL[  WKH
VDPSOLQJ RI [ YLD &6 WHFKQLTXH FDQ EH GHVFULEHG DV D OLQHDU
0 u1
WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ E\ D PDWUL[ \
DV EHORZ
\ [

:KHUH LV WKH SURMHFWLRQ PHDVXUHPHQW PDWUL[ 0  1 
&RQVHTXHQWO\ WKH VDPSOLQJ YHFWRU \ KDV 0 HOHPHQWV HDFK
HOHPHQW RI \ FDQ EH UHJDUGHG DV D PHDVXUHPHQW RI [ 
6LQFH VLJQDO [ LV . VSDUVH ZLWK UHVSHFW WR  VR WKH
HTXDWLRQ  FDQ EH UHZULWWHQ DV IROORZLQJ
\ V $V


D :H GLYLGH DQ LPDJH LQWHUHVWHG LQWR QRQRYHUODSSLQJ


VXEEORFNV RI VDPH VL]H DQG GHQRWH L WK VXEEORFN [L ZLWK
WKH OHQJWK RI 1  ,W LV QRWHG WKDW WKH VXEEORFN LPDJH LV
FRQVLGHUHG DV RQH GLPHQVLRQDO VLJQDO ZKHQ LW LV SURFHVVHG YLD
&6 WHFKQLTXH ,Q DGGLWLRQ DOO RI WKH VXEEORFNV LV DUUD\HG LQ D
VHULDO IDVKLRQ IURP OHIW WR ULJKW DQG WKHQ IURP WRS WR ERWWRP



VXEEORFNV DUH VLPLODU ZLWK WKHLU QHLJKERULQJ VXEEORFNV VXFK


DV )LJ D LV HYHU\ VLPLODU ZLWK )LJ E DQG )LJ F LV
DOPRVW VDPH DV )LJ G  7KHUHIRUH WKH VLPLODULW\ EHWZHHQ
VXFK VXEEORFNV FDQ EH XWLOL]HG WR FXW GRZQ WKH UHFRYHU\ WLPH
RI WKH VXEEORFN LQ WKH UHFRYHU\ SURFHGXUH ZKLFK FDQ DOVR
VKRUWHQ WKH WRWDO UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ WLPH IRU WKH HQWLUH LPDJH
HIIHFWLYHO\ 6R RXU SURSRVHG ORFDWLRQ DGDSWLRQ DOJRULWKP LV
QRW RQO\ PHDQLQJIXO LQ WKHRU\ EXW DOVR XVHIXO LQ WKH SUDFWLFDO
DSSOLFDWLRQ RI KLJKHU WLPHOLQHVV 7KHQ WKH GHWDLOHG
LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ IRU RXU ORFDWLRQ DGDSWLRQ DOJRULWKP EDVHG RQ
%&6 LV GHVFULEHG DV EHORZ

E 7KH HQHUJ\ 3L RI HDFK VXEEORFN [L ZLWKLQ WKH LPDJH


LV ILJXUHG RXW ILUVWO\ DQG WKHQ ZH FROODWH DOO YDOXHV RI WKH
HQHUJ\ RI WRWDO VXEEORFNV ZLWKLQ WKH LPDJH IURP ODUJHVW WR
VPDOOHVW VRUW $W ODVW  RI VXEEORFNV KDYLQJ WKH ODUJHU
HQHUJ\ DUH YLHZHG DV KLJKHQHUJ\ VXEEORFNV DQG  RI
VXEEORFNV KDYLQJ WKH VPDOOHU HQHUJ\ DUH FRQVLGHUHG DV
ORZHQHUJ\ VXEEORFNV
$OO RI WKH VXEEORFN ZLWK YDU\LQJ HQHUJ\ LV JLYHQ GLIIHUHQW
QXPEHU RI PHDVXUHPHQW ,W LV VKRZQ LQ )LJ WKDW WKH
VXEEORFN ZLWK KLJK HQHUJ\ LV JLYHQ PRUH PHDVXUHPHQWV
FRPSUHVVLRQ UDWH RI   RQ WKH FRQWUDU\ WKH VXEEORFN ZLWK
ORZ HQHUJ\ LV JLYHQ IHZHU PHDVXUHPHQWV FRPSUHVVLRQ UDWH RI
 

%&6 LV D NLQG RI LWHUDWLYH DOJRULWKP ZKLFK FDQ REWDLQ WKH


VSDUVH FRHIILFLHQW ZLWK UHVSHFW WR D FHUWDLQ GRPDLQ RXU
FDQGLGDWH IRU VLPXODWLRQ LV '&7 GRPDLQ ZLWKRXW WKH SULRU

$V VKRZQ LQ )LJ RXU SURSRVHG PHWKRG RI HQHUJ\


DGDSWLRQ FRPSUHVVLRQ FDQ ZHLJK WKH GHJUHH RI LPSRUWDQFH RI
HDFK VXEEORFN LQWHOOLJHQWO\ E\ WKH DPRXQW RI HQHUJ\ RI HDFK
VXEEORFN WR DOORFDWH WKH PHDVXUHPHQW WR HDFK VXEEORFN
DGDSWLYHO\ IRU UDLVLQJ WKH TXDOLW\ RI WKH ZKROH UHFRYHU\ LPDJH

VSDUVLW\ SDUDPHWHU $IWHU WUDQVIRUPLQJ HDFK VXEEORFN [L LQ


'&7 GRPDLQ JHQHUDOO\ ZH FDQ JHW D IHZ RI FRHIILFLHQWV
ZKLFK DUH YHU\ LPSRUWDQW DQG FDQ DOVR REWDLQ D QXPEHU RI
FRHIILFLHQWV ZKLFK DUH QHJOLJLEOH &RQVHTXHQWO\ WKH QXPEHU RI
LPSRUWDQW FRHIILFLHQWV LV GHILQHG DV . ZKLFK FDQ DOVR EH
YLHZHG DV WKH ODUJHVW . HOHPHQW RI WKH FRHIILFLHQWV LQ '&7
GRPDLQ 7KH FRHIILFLHQWV RI VXEEORFNV LQ '&7 GRPDLQ PXVW
EH VLPLODU ZLWK HDFK RWKHU LI WKHUH DUH VXEEORFNV KDYLQJ
VLPLODULW\ ZLWK LWV QHLJKERULQJ VXEEORFNV $V D UHVXOW WKH
ODUJHVW . HOHPHQWV DQG WKHLU ORFDWLRQV RI WKH FRHIILFLHQWV RI
WKH VXEEORFN UHFRYHUHG FDQ EH H[SORLWHG WR EH WKH LQLWLDO YDOXH
RI WKH QH[W VXEEORFN WR EH UHFRYHUHG ZKLFK FDQ UHGXFH WKH
QXPEHU RI LWHUDWLRQV LQ WKH UHFRYHU\ SURFHVV RI VXEEORFN DQG
VDYH WKH WLPH FRQVXPLQJ IRU HQWLUH LPDJH UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ
VLJQLILFDQWO\ 7KH FRQFUHWH VWHSV RI RXU SURSRVHG ORFDWLRQ
DGDSWLRQ DOJRULWKP EDVHG RQ %&6 DUH LQWURGXFHG H[SOLFLWO\ DV
IROORZLQJ

)LJ *UDSK RI HQHUJ\ DGDSWLRQ FRPSUHVVLRQ

% /RFDWLRQ $GDSWLRQ $OJRULWKP EHWZHHQ 6XEEORFNV ,PDJH


$OWKRXJK ZH FDQ VDPSOH WKH LPDJH ZLWK VXE1\TXLVW UDWH
E\ &6 WHFKQLTXH WKH UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ SURFHVV RI WKH LPDJH LV D
FRQYH[ RSWLPL]DWLRQ SUREOHP QHHG WR EH VROYHG DQG WKH
UHFRYHU\ WLPH IRU WKH LPDJH LV JHQHUDOO\ SURSRUWLRQDO WR LWV
VL]H $V D UHVXOW ORFDWLRQ DGDSWLRQ DOJRULWKP EHWZHHQ
VXEEORFNV LPDJH LV SURSRVHG WR PDNH D UHGXFWLRQ RI WKH
UHFRYHU\ WLPH DV IDU DV SRVVLEOH LQ WKH FRQGLWLRQ WKDW WKH EHWWHU
UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ TXDOLW\ RI WKH LPDJH FDQ EH DOVR HQVXUHG

D 7KH ILUVW VXEEORFN [L LV UHFRYHUHG ZLWK %&6 ,W LV


QRWHG WKDW DOO RI WKH VXEEORFNV ZLWKLQ DQ LPDJH LV UHFRYHUHG LQ
D VHULDO IDVKLRQ ZKLFK LV IURP OHIW WR ULJKW DQG WKHQ IURP WRS WR
ERWWRP
E %HIRUH ZH UHFRYHU WKH VXEEORFN [L   WKH FRHIILFLHQWV

V L 06 LQ WKH '&7 GRPDLQ RI WKH VXEEORFN [ L  06


ZKLFK LV PRVW VLPLODU ZLWK WKH FRHIILFLHQWV V L  RI VXEEORFN
DPRQJ WKH FRHIILFLHQWV V L QHLJKERXUV
RI LWV
[ L 
QHLJKERULQJ VXEEORFNV DUH WUHDWHG DV WKH LQLWLDO YDOXH RI %&6

LWHUDWLYH DOJRULWKP IRU UHFRYHULQJ VXEEORFN [ L  UDSLGO\


0RUHRYHU WKH HVWLPDWH RI VLPLODULW\ EHWZHHQ WZR
VXEEORFNV
FDQ
EH
DVVHVVHG
E\
UHODWLYH
HUURU

VL   V L QHLJKERXUV

VL 

DQG WKH RQH ZKLFK FDQ PLQLPL]H

WKH UHODWLYH HUURU ZLOO EH VHOHFWHG DV WKH VXEEORFN

[ L  06

IRU UHFRQVWUXFWLQJ WKH VXEEORFN [ L  LWHUDWLYHO\ DQG UDSLGO\


,9 (;3(5,0(17$/ 5(68/76 $1' ',66&86,21
,Q WKLV VHFWLRQ ZH FKRRVH WZR LPDJHV &ROXPELD ZLWK VL]H
RI  u  DQG &DPHUDPDQ ZLWK VL]H RI  u  ZLWK
GLIIHUHQW FKDUDFWHULVWLFV WR YHULI\ WKH YDOLGLW\ RI RXU SURSRVHG
PHWKRG 7KH LPDJH FRQWUDVW EHWZHHQ IRUHJURXQG DQG
EDFNJURXQG LQ &DPHUDPDQ LV ODUJHU ZKLOH DUHDV RI VPRRWK

)LJ 7ZR VHWV RI FRHIILFLHQWV LQ '&7 GRPDLQ RI VXEEORFNV

$V VKRZQ LQ )LJ WKDW WKH JUH\ LPDJH ZLWK WKH VL]H RI


LV GLYLGHG LQWR  VXEEORFNV ZLWK WKH VL]H RI
 u   :H FDQ VHH IURP WKH LPDJH WKDW D QXPEHU RI
 u 



DQG GHWDLO LQ &ROXPELD VHSDUDWH HYLGHQWO\ ,Q RXU QH[W


H[SHULPHQW VLPXODWLRQ WKH VXEEORFN RI DQ LPDJH LV VHW DV
QRQRYHUODSSLQJ  0RUHRYHU ZH HYDOXDWH WKH
 u 
SURSRVHG PHWKRG HIIHFWLYHO\ LQ WHUPV RI WLPH FRQVXPSWLRQV
DQG 3615 RI WKH UHFRYHU\ LPDJH $W ODVW DOO RI RXU
H[SHULPHQWDO VLPXODWLRQV ZHUH FDUULHG RXW HPSOR\LQJ
0DWODE5D LQ VXFK FRPSXWHU HQYLURQPHQW DV ,QWHO *+]
&38 ZLWK  *% RI PHPRU\

&ROXPELD ZLWK RXU SURSRVHG PHWKRG LV SLFWXUH


H &RQVHTXHQWO\ )LJ DOVR GHPRQVWUDWHV WKH VLJQLILFDQFH RI
RXU SURSRVHG PHWKRG SRZHUIXOO\
9 &21&/86,21
,Q WKLV SDSHU WKH PHWKRG RI HQHUJ\ DGDSWLRQ EDVHG RQ WKH
VXEEORFN LPDJH LV SURSRVHG IRU LPSURYLQJ WKH TXDOLW\ RI
UHFRYHU\ LPDJH XWLOL]LQJ PHDVXUHPHQWV ZKLFK LV WKH VDPH ZLWK
WKDW REWDLQHG E\ VDPSOLQJ HYHU\ VXEEORFN RI WKH LPDJH ZLWK
SHUPDQHQW VDPSOLQJ UDWH YLD FRQYHQWLRQDO FRPSUHVVHG VHQVLQJ
WKH PHWKRG RI ORFDWLRQ DGDSWLRQ EDVHG RQ SULRU LQIRUPDWLRQ RI
QHLJKERULQJ VXEEORFN UHFRYHUHG LV DOVR SURSRVHG IRU UHGXFLQJ
WKH WLPH FRQVXPLQJ RI UHFRYHU\ LPDJH :KHQ ZH FRPELQH WKH
HQHUJ\ DGDSWLRQ DQG ORFDWLRQ DGDSWLRQ WRJHWKHU LQ WKH
IUDPHZRUN RI %&6 DOJRULWKP EHWWHU LPDJH UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ
ZLWK IHZ PHDVXUHPHQWV DQG OHVV WLPH FDQ EH DFFRPSOLVKHG
VXFFHVVIXOO\ ([SHULPHQWDO UHVXOWV GHPRQVWUDWH WKDW WKH LPDJH
FDQ EH UHFRYHUHG FRUUHFWO\ E\ RXU SURSRVHG PHWKRG ZLWK HYHQ
ORZHU VDPSOLQJ UDWH

7DE ([SHULPHQWDO UHVXOWV RI &ROXPELD


$OJRULWKP

1RQDGDSWLRQ %&6

(QHUJ\ DGDSWLRQ

/RFDWLRQ DGDSWLRQ

%RWK RI WKH DGDSWLRQ

6DPSOLQJ UDWH

3615 G%

7LPH V

















































5()(5(1&(6
>@
>@
>@

7DE ([SHULPHQWDO UHVXOWV RI &DPHUDPDQ


$OJRULWKP

1RQDGDSWLRQ %&6

(QHUJ\ DGDSWLRQ

/RFDWLRQ DGDSWLRQ

%RWK RI WKH DGDSWLRQ

6DPSOLQJ UDWH

G%
3615
3615 G%

7LPH V

















































>@
>@
>@
>@
>@
>@

,W FDQ EH VHHQ IURP WKH DERYH 7DE DQG 7DE WKDW WKH
TXDOLW\ RI WKH LPDJH FDQ EH LPSURYHG E\ QRQDGDSWLRQ %&6
ZLWK KLJKHU VDPSOLQJ UDWH +RZHYHU EHWWHU TXDOLW\ RI WKH
LPDJH FDQ DOVR EH REWDLQHG ZLWK ORZ VDPSOLQJ UDWH VXFK DV
 ZKHQ HQHUJ\ DGDSWLRQ LV XWLOL]HG )XUWKHUPRUH WKH
UHFRYHU\ WLPH RI WKH LPDJH FDQ EH UHGXFHG JUHDWO\ ZLWK
ORFDWLRQ DGDSWDWLRQ ZKLFK RQO\ UHTXLUHG DERXW DV OHVV DV
RQHWHQWK RI WKH WLPH LQ 7DE LW WRRN QRQDGDSWLRQ %&6 WR
FRPSOHWH WKH VDPH WDVN &RPELQLQJ HQHUJ\ DGDSWLRQ DQG
ORFDWLRQ DGDSWLRQ WRJHWKHU ZH FDQ JHW DV KLJK DV  3615
RI WKH UHFRYHU\ &ROXPELD RQO\ XVLQJ  VHFRQGV UHFRYHU\
WLPH

>@
>@
>@

>@

7KH RULJLQDO LPDJH RI &ROXPELD DQG WKH UHFRYHU\ &ROXPELD


ZLWK YDU\LQJ VDPSOLQJ UDWH DQG GLIIHUHQW PHWKRGV DUH VKRZQ LQ
)LJ 3LFWXUH D LQ )LJ LV WKH RULJLQDO &ROXPELD DQG SLFWXUH
E  F DQG G DUH WKH UHFRYHU\ &ROXPELD ZLWK WKH SHUPDQHQW
VDPSOLQJ UDWH RI   DQG  UHVSHFWLYHO\ WKH UHFRYHU\

>@



( &DQGHV - 5RPEHUJ DQG 7 7DR 5REXVW XQFHUWDLQW\ SULQFLSOHV


([DFW VLJQDO UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ IURP KLJKO\ LQFRPSOHWH IUHTXHQF\
LQIRUPDWLRQ ,((( 7UDQV ,QI 7KHRU\ YRO  SS  )HE
' / 'RQRKR &RPSUHVVHG VHQVLQJ ,((( 7UDQV ,QI 7KHRU\ YRO 
SS  $SU
5 * %DUDQLXN &RPSUHVVLYH VHQVLQJ ,((( 6LJQDO 3URFHVV 0DJ YRO
 SS -XO
'XDUWH 0 ) 'DYHQSRUW 0 $ 7DNKDU ' HW DO 6LQJOHSL[HO LPDJLQJ YLD
FRPSUHVVLYH VDPSOLQJ ,((( 6LJQDO 3URFHVV 0DJ YRO  SS 
0DU
0LFKDHO /XVWLJ 'DYLG / 'RQRKR -XDQ 0 6DQWRV DQG -RKQ 0 3DXO\
&RPSUHVVLYH VHQVLQJ 05, ,((( 6LJQDO 3URFHVV 0DJ YRO 
SS 0DU
-$ %D]HUTXH DQG * % *LDQQDNLV 'LVWULEXWHG VSHFWUXP VHQVLQJ IRU
FRJQLWLYH UDGLR QHWZRUNV E\ H[SORLWLQJ VSDUVLW\ ,((( 7UDQV 6LJQDO
3URFHVV YRO  SS  0DU
9 6WDQNRYLF / 6WDQNRYLF DQG 6 &KHQJ &RPSUHVVLYH YLGHR
VDPSOLQJ 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK ,((( LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRQIHUHQFH RQ
,PDJH SURFHVVLQJ SS 
9 6WDQNRYLF / 6WDQNRYLF DQG 6 &KHQJ &RPSUHVVLYH LPDJH
VDPSOLQJ ZLWK VLGH LQIRUPDWLRQ ,((( ,QW &RQI ,PDJH 3URFHVVLQJ SS
 
<LQJ <X %LQ :DQJ DQG /LPLQJ =KDQJ 6DOLHQF\EDVHG FRPSUHVVLYH
VDPSOLQJ IRU LPDJH VLJQDOV ,((( 6LJQDO 3URFHVVLQJ OHWWHUV YRO
SS 1RY
-$ 7URSS DQG $& *LOEHUW 6LJQDO UHFRYHU\ IURP UDQGRP
PHDVXUHPHQWV YLD RUWKRJRQDO PDWFKLQJ SXUVXLW ,((( 7UDQV ,QIRUP
7KHRU\  YRO  SS 'HF
6&KHQ '/'RQRKR 0$ 6DXQGHUV $WRPLF 'HFRPSRVLWLRQ E\ %DVLV
3XUVXLW 6,$0 -RXUQDO RQ 6FLHQWLILF &RPSXWLQJ YRO SS
-DQ
'1HHGHOO DQG 59HUVK\QLQ 6LJQDO 5HFRYHU\ IURP ,QDFFXUDWH DQG
,QFRPSOHWH 0HDVXUHPHQWV YLD 5HJXODUL]HG 2UWKRJRQDO 0DWFKLQJ
3XUVXLW ,((( -RXUQDO RI 6HOHFWHG 7RSLFV LQ 6LJQDO 3URFHVVLQJ YRO
SS $SU
'1HHGHOO DQG -$ 7URSS &R6D03,WHUDWLYH VLJQDO UHFRYHU\ IURP
LQFRPSOHWH DQG LQDFFXUDWH VDPSOHV $SSOLHG DQG &RPSXWDWLRQDO
+DUPRQLF $QDO\VLV YRO SS 0D\ 
6 -L < ;XH DQG / &DULQ %D\HVLDQ FRPSUHVVLYH VHQVLQJ ,(((
7UDQV 6LJQDO 3URFHVV YRO  SS -XQ

D 7KH RULJLQDO &ROXPELD

E 5HFRQVWUXFWLRQ ZLWK VDPSOLQJ UDWH RI 

F 5HFRQVWUXFWLRQ ZLWK VDPSOLQJ UDWH RI  

G 5HFRQVWUXFWLRQ ZLWK VDPSOLQJ UDWH RI 

H 5HFRQVWUXFWLRQ ZLWK DGDSWLYH VDPSOLQJ UDWH 


)LJ 2ULJLQDO LPDJH DQG UHFRQVWUXFWHG LPDJHV DW GLIIHUHQW VDPSOLQJ UDWHV IRU &ROXPELD



You might also like