2010/2009 :  

..2 : ,

2/1
3....&'.2
.,

 

!#$
/$

:11,2
:!5 67 92
-I
67D E 9$ . C 0 = 2,90. 10 mol.L :;2 =5 > !5 67 !? $@5 AB $
. pH = 4,18 F pH  ,J K/ L V = 100 mL ,FG H5 EB#
 HInd P,9' R' 67D !? S9 L$ TG HInd / Ind ! , 67D O;, ;5
.,
., W5 HInd P,9 A 2 =5 V -1
-2
.!9, pH C 0 [' XY /$  1  -
]$$2 5 . ,J \G -
-3

. K A ( HInd / Ind ) =2 V -
4

C 0 2
: 1' -
1
. pK A ,J ]$$ L K A ,J \G -4
.$@, AB O,! , 67D G .$ F a=5 ?! ,$ b' -5
Ha= /a5
!, 67D
3,3-4,4
1$!Y
3,8-5,4
;5 cB
6,0-7,6
,25 
7,2-8,8
;D ,G
8,2-10,0
1$ 
K A ( HInd / Ind ) =

:=,
-II
,FG B# C 0 9$ . C 0 :;2 &f, P,9 S 0 !95 ?! $@, K  $
,FG B# L . V1 = 200 mL H,FG S1 !95 ?! S9! a/, , H 6c V0 = 10 mL
AS9 ( Na + + HO ) S Y !95 a ':= S1 !9, 15 V A = 20 mL
. pH E = 8  hD$  V!@ pH ,J TG VBE = 22,4 mL ,FG . '= hD$ !?
.=, A 2 =5 V -1
.hD$ '= AJ 9, A $, G -2
. S1 !9,; 2 C1 \G -3
. S 0 !9,; 2 C 0 ]$$ -4
&'O j!=5 .=, :EY \,! , 67D G i' F a=5 ?! ,$ b' -5

:21,2
:$ F$\ $ $= =7; ,5 9$
.k$! jl $= m9  $ WnJ i!o
.  , $ 7 o2 =5 F2 1D, 6 -1
.$ 7 Y//92 $! .$= , O -2
-3
t
. A =2 G . i (t ) = A(1 e ) AD= !? , AG \$D -
. A $'f Af,2 5 -
. E (t ) u r (t ) i (t ) o2 95 a=

. ,J 5 G -4
-5
.H$,J 5 G L .LX m  $ 7 =2 V -
. R = r + r ! !D 5/, ,J ]$$ -
. L ,J ]$$ -
. r ,J ]$$ -
r$ =' O =,' , Ja ,J \G .k$! jl $= m9  $ WnJ r$ -6
.$ WnJ

:31,2

a'5 1' k$! jl $= m9  H L E 22 s92 C = 220 F H$= fD5 19
. u C 2$ o2 $? 9, Af, . r Y$5/5 L Yc92 A5=5 =7

.H! AS9, m L 5

.'E'E$ ,B 2 6
. u C 2$ Y//9 $! .$= , O
. E ,J T H7 ,J 5 ]$$
. L ,J \G . T = T0  ,!
. t = T t = 0  @;  ,! D Ja ,J \G
. t = T t = 0 1' O =,' =Xc Ja ,J ]$$
. 5/5 ,' E'E$ l 1D, 6 7

-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8

'Ov

:11,2
-I

. HInd + H 2 O Ind + H 3O

xq
x max

[H O ]V = 10
+

C 0V

C0

[HInd ]q

[H O ] = C = C
=
C [H O ] C C 1
+ 2

2
0

-3

[Ind ] [H O ]

KA

-1
-2

10 4,18
= 0,23 -
2,90. 10 4

.95 A $ =

KA =

pH

pK A = log K A = 4,70 K A = 1,99. 10 5 -4

.;5 cB  67D -5
-II

C1V A = C BV BE

HCOOH + HO HCOO + H 2 O
HCOOH :=' HO  9, A $, hD$ AJ
C V
1. 10 2 * 22,4
C1 = B BE =
= 1,12. 10 2 mol.L1 hD$ 
VA
20
C1V1 = C 0V0 ,'

-1
-2
-3
-4

C1V1
= 0,224 mol.L1 R
V0
.Ha= /a5 ? ,$2 pH E v ;D ,G -5
C0 =

:21,2

u r (t )
v 5v Al, a'5 1' 2$ o2 =5 15 Jja & -1
r
di
di
L di
E
u L + u r = E L + ri + r i = E L + Ri = E
+i =
-2
dt
dt
R dt
R
-3
di
L
E
L
E
= Ae t Ae t + A Ae t =
Ae t ( 1) = A -
dt
R
R
R
R
1
1
E
=
= A=
A 0 t 99l Jj= :E
L/R
R
.LX m    X'YD $ 7 Af,2 A -
. = 2 ms -4
-5
E
. I 0 = 100 mA I 0 =
-
R
E
6
.R =
=
= 60 -
I 0 0,1

. i (t ) =

. L = * R = 2. 10 3 * 60 = 0,12 H -
u (max) 5
r = R r = 10 r = r
=
= 50 -
I0
0,1
1
1
. E J = LI 02 = * 0,12 * (0,1) 2 = 6. 10 4 J -6
2
2

:31,2
. H7 m
.O =,' Ja 2
d 2uC
du
di
. u L + u C = 0 L + ri + u C = 0 LC
+ rC C + u C = 0
2
dt
dt
dt
. E = 6 V T = 60 ms
.L =

-1
-2
-3
-4

T02
= 0,4 H -5
4 2 C

1
1
CE 2 + 0 = * 220. 10 6 * 36 = 3,96. 10 3 J
2
2
-6
1
1
2
6
3
ET (T ) = Ee (T ) + E m (T ) = Cu C + 0 = * 220. 10 * 16 = 1,76. 10 J
2
2
. E J = ET (0) ET (T ) = 2,2. 10 3 J -7

E T ( 0) = E e ( 0) + E m ( 0) =

. u g = ri 2$'  ; 5 .R' & -8